Capacity Management

Outline
Overview Capacity Management Functions
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Dedicated Monitored Resource Handling Admission Control Congestion Control

Overview
Capacity Management is responsible for the control of the load in the cell. It consists of 3 main functions: Dedicated Monitored Resource Handling:
critical resources of the system. tracks utilization of

Admission Control:

accepts/refuses admission requests based on the current load on the dedicated monitored resources and the characteristics of the request

Congestion Control:

detects/resolves overload situations

Congestion Control

Admission Control Parameters

Dedicated Monitored Resource Handling

Capacity Management

Overview
Capacity Management Architecture Overview

Capacity Management functionality is located in the RNC.

The controlling RNC is responsible for the load and congestion control of its cells and the execution of the admission control.

Dedicated Monitored Resources

The Dedicated Monitored Resources Handling function is responsible for collecting and providing information about the utilization of resources that are critical to the load of the cell: by performing event-based and periodic measurements by keeping track of every link setup, addition, deletion and modification in the cell.
Dedicated Monitored Resource Handling
Monitoring Algorithm
Update Cell Load Information
Downlink channelization codes Monitor Histogram Monitor Downlink Transmitted Carrier Power All interface Speech Equivalents (ASEs) Uplink Received Total Wideband Power (RTWP) RBS hardware utilization

Measurements

Dedicated Monitored Resources

Resources monitored under the Capacity Management scope:

Downlink Channelization Codes Monitor: provides a measure

for code tree utilization in DL.

Histogram Monitor: keeps track of

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SF usage in the DL: tracks the number of connections using a certain SF (except SF=16, reserved for HSDPA connections). SF usage in the UL Number of Compressed Mode radio links: used to avoid too much interference from the compressed mode radio users. Number of users allocated to the HS-DSCH

Dedicated Monitored Resources

Downlink Transmitted Carrier Power Monitor: monitors the
total amount of Non-HS downlink transmitted carrier power in the cell.

All interface Speech Equivalent (ASE) Monitor: accounts for

the air interface resources usage for DL and UL. The ASE of a radio link depends on the connection type and is expressed in terms of the equivalent number of speech radio bearers that generate the same amount of air interface load.

Uplink received total wideband power (RTWP): provides

information to Congestion Control regarding uplink interference.

RBS Hardware Monitor: HW is a limited resource that depends on

the amount of installed HW (channel elements) and the licensing restrictions.

Admission Control
Admission control accepts or refuses requests for utilization of dedicated monitored resources. It is performed on cell basis. The admission requests are initiated when:
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A new connection is set up. An existing connection is modified. Soft Handover is performed.

The request for admission specifies the amount of resources that the radio connection requires:
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Setup type: handover or new connection. Service Class: guaranteed, guaranteed-hs or non-guaranteed service. Compressed mode resources requested if any. Downlink Transmitted Carrier Power requested if any. Downlink Channelization Code resources requested if any. ASEs in uplink and downlink if any.

The requirements are compared to the available resources and the configured limits for admission and the access is granted or denied.

Admission Control
RAB request over the Iur interface
1. RAB request sent from SRNC to CRNC by means of RNSAP message over the Iur interface. 2. RNSAP is converted into RBs and DCHs attributes. 3. Required monitored resources are estimated on the basis of the set of DCHs and admission requested for those resources. 4. If request is admitted, the CRNC allocates necessary resources. 5. Admission Control informs SRNC by means of RNSAP message.

Admission Control
Admission control is responsible for
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Dividing the available resources among the non-guaranteed connections. Differentiating access to guaranteed, guaranteed-hs and non-guaranteed connections. Reserving part of the dedicated monitored resources for handover connections.
Non-guaranteed
Traffic class background or interactive (Example: FTP and internet web services)

Guaranteed
Traffic class conversational or streaming (Example: speech and video services) New connections

Guaranteed-hs
HSDPA service

NonHandover Handover

Best effort services. New connections. Best effort services. Add radio link for existing connections in new cells.

New connections.

Add radio link for existing connections in new cells.

Add radio link for existing connection in new cell.

Combinations of requests for admission depending on setup type and service class

Admission Control
The Downlink Channelization Code Admission Policy
Code blocking for non-handover requests is performed to reserve codes for users in handover.
Non-guaranteed admission requests are blocked when DL Code Usage > dlCodeAdm beMarginDlCode
Guaranteed admission requests are blocked when DL Code Usage > dlCodeAdm

When a request is blocked on the downlink channelization code admission, the soft congestion mechanism is triggered.

Admission Control
Trial: Downlink Code Admission
Settings: beMarginDlCode=0 DlCodeAdmin=variable Results:
DlCodeAdm (%) No. 1 2 2 3 3 4 5 6 7 4 35 37 39 40 beMarginDlCode (%) Result 0 RRC Connection Setup Rejected 0 RRC Connection Setup Rejected 0 0 0 0 0 Voice call admitted, PS call rejected Voice call admitted, PS call rejected SRB admitted, PDP context activation rejected. SRB admitted, PDP context activation rejected. PS Call admitted up to 384 Kbps

Admission Control
The Histogram Admission Policy
Controls the SF usage in DL and UL at cell level, the number of radio links in compressed mode and the number of simultaneous HS-serving links in a cell. Non-guaranteed Service Class in DL
Requests demanding SF8 are blocked when usage of SF8 > sf8Adm Requests demanding SF16 are blocked when usage of SF16 > sf16Adm

Requests demanding SF32 are blocked when usage of SF32 > sf32Adm

Admission Control
The Histogram Admission Policy (cont)
Guaranteed Service Class in DL

Requests demanding SF16 in DL (streaming PS16/128 radio connection type) are blocked when usage of SF16 > sf16gAdm

By setting this parameter, the access for high and low consuming guaranteed services can be differentiated. Guaranteed-hs Service Class in UL

Requests demanding SF4 in UL (PS384/HS radio connection type) are blocked when usage of SF4 > sf4AdmUl

In cells where the optional PS384/HS radio connection is activated, this parameter may be reduced if the uplink experiences problems.

Admission Control
The Histogram Admission Policy (cont)
Compressed Mode Radio Links Limits Requests demanding a radio link in compressed mode are blocked when Current number of radio links > compModeAdm

The presence of connections using SF/2 compressed mode may degrade the quality of the common channels. That may be avoided by adjusting compModeAdm.

Number of Simultaneous HS-Serving Links Limits The number of users allocated to the HS-DSCH may be limited to ensure sufficient end-to-end quality. Admission request will be blocked when number of users assigned to the HS-DSCH > hsdpaUsersAdm

Admission Control
Trial: Histogram Admission
Settings: sf32Adm= 32 sf16Adm= 16 , 8 sf8Adm= 8 , 0 Results:

No. sf32Adm 1 32 2 32 3 32

s16Adm 16 16 0

sf8Adm Max Throughput (Kbps) 8 384 0 128 0 64

Admission Control
The Downlink Transmitted Carrier Power Admission Policy
This admission policy controls the downlink power utilized by R99 connections.
Non-Guaranteed, Non-Handover requests are blocked when DTCP > pwrAdm - beMarginDlpwr

Guaranteed, Non-Handover & Non-Guaranteed, Handover requests are blocked when DTCP > pwrAdm Guaranteed, Handover & Guaranteed-hs requests are blocked when DTCP > pwrAdm + pwrAdmOffset

When a request is blocked on the DL Transmitted Carrier Power policy, the soft congestion mechanism is triggered.

Admission Control
Trial: Downlink Transmitted Carried Power Admission
Settings: beMarginDlPower=0 pwrAdmOffset=0 pwrAdm=variable maxpwerMax=15 Results:
No. 1 2 pwrAdm (%) 13 16 beMarginDlPwr (%) 0 0 pwrAdmOffset (%) 0 0 maxPwrMax (dB) Result 4.8 4.8 RRC Connection Setup Rejected RRC Connection Setup Rejected Signalling Radio Bearer admitted, but PDP context activation blocked PS call admitted up to 64Kbps PS call admitted up to 384Kbps

3 4 5

17 18 18

0 0 0

0 0 0

4.8 4.8 15

Admission Control
The ASE Admission Policy
Provides information of air interface usage per radio link type in cell for DL and UL. The UL ASE Admission Policy
Non-Guaranteed, Non-Handover requests are blocked when ASE UL Usage > aseUlAdm - beMarginAseUl

Guaranteed, Non-Handover & Non-Guaranteed, Handover requests are blocked when ASE UL Usage > aseUlAdm
Guaranteed, Handover & Guaranteed-hs requests are blocked when ASE UL Usage > aseUlAdm + aseUlAdmOffset

ASE is the only resource for admission control on the UL

Admission Control
The DL ASE Admission Policy
Non-Guaranteed, Non-Handover requests are blocked when ASE DL Usage > aseDlAdm - beMarginAseDl Non-Guaranteed, Handover & Guranteed & Guaranteed-hs requests are blocked when ASE DL Usage > aseDlAdm

Admission Control
Trial: ASE Admission
Settings: dlCodeAdm=100 beMarginDlCode=0 beMarginAseUl=0 aseUlAdm=500 beMarginDlPwr=0 Results:

No 1 2 3 4 5 6

aseDlAdm 1 2 3 9 19 41

Result CS Voice rejected, PS Rejected CS Voice rejected, PS Rejected CS Voice admitted, PS Rejected PS call admitted up to 64Kbps PS call admitted up to 128Kbps PS call admitted up to 384Kbps

Admission Control
The RBS Hardware Admission Policy
Provides information of hardware usage in a local cell group for DL and UL

The UL RBS Hardware Admission Policy

Non-Guaranteed, Non-Handover requests are blocked when UL HW Usage > ulHwAdm - beMarginUlHw Guaranteed, Non-Handover & Non-Guaranteed, Handover & Guaranteed-hs, Non-Handover requests are blocked when UL HW Usage > ulHwAdm Guaranteed, Handover & Guaranteed-hs,Handover requests are blocked when UL HW usage arrives at 100%

Admission Control
The DL RBS Hardware Admission Policy
Non-Guaranteed, Non-Handover requests are blocked when DL Hardware Usage > dlHwAdm - beMarginDlHw Guaranteed, Non-Handover & Non-Guaranteed, Handover & Guaranteed-hs, Non-Handover requests are blocked when DL Hardware Usage > dlHwAdm Guaranteed, Handover & Guaranteed-hs,Handover requests are blocked when DL HW usage arrives at 100%

When a request is blocked on the DL RBS Admission, the soft congestion mechanism is triggered.

Admission Control
Soft Congestion Mechanism
The

Soft Congestion Mechanism is triggered when a request for admission is blocked. This mechanism consists of down-switching an non-guaranteed connection to a lower rate after a guaranteed admission control is blocked a guaranteed-hs admission control is blocked a non-guaranteed admission control of a lower rate is blocked The Soft Congestion mechanism targets connections originating over the Iu interface (present product not able to down-switch connections originating over the Iur interface)

Admission Control
Soft Congestion Mechanism (cont)
Soft congestion triggered by non-guaranteed request blocking

The rate of an existing connection is reduced depending on the requested downlink rate: request for 384 kbps blocked not affect existing connections in cell request for 128 kbps blocked reduce exiting 384 kbps to 128 kbps request for 64 kbps blocked reduce 384 kbps to 128 kbps or (if not 384 kbps connections available) reduce 128 kbps to 64 kpbs Soft Congestion triggered by guaranteed request blocking The non-guaranteed connections are targeted in decreasing order of their downlink rate (first 384 kbps connections are reduced, then 128 kbps connections are targeted, )

Congestion Control
Congestion Control Detection
Congestion is detected in the RNC by means of

measurements of the Downlink Transmitted Carrier Power and the Uplink Received Total Wideband Power.
The Downlink Transmitted Carrier Power is continuously measured. When the power goes above a predefined threshold, an eventbased measurement is sent to the RNC. As long as the power is above the threshold, an event based report is sent to the RNC every second.

Congestion Control
DL Cell Congestion Detection

DL congestion is solved when the DTCP is below the setup threshold for longer that the hysteresis time or until next periodic event-based measurement indicating DTCP below threshold arrives.

Congestion Control
UL Cell Congestion Detection

UL congestion is solved when the Uplink RTWP is below the setup threshold for longer that the hysteresis time or until next periodic event-based measurement indicating URTWP below threshold arrives.

Congestion Control
Congestion Resolve Handling

Congestion Control
Congestion resolve actions in mixed services congested cell: Non-guaranteed connections are targeted immediately: their rate is decreased If congestion persists and there are no more Non-guaranteed connections, the resolve actions start for Guaranteed-hs connections. They will be dropped. The guaranteed services are the last ones to be targeted by Congestion control. The resolve actions on Guaranteed services are more severe, causing the drop of the connections.

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