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Chapter 1
1-1
(a) 98 Btu/(hr-ft-F) x1.7307 = 170 W/(m-K) (b) 0.24 Btu/(Ibm-F) x4186.8=1.0 kJ/kg-K (c)
0.04 Ibm/(ft-hr) Ns x1.488 = 16.5 3600 sec/hr m2 Btu J 1 2.20462 Ibm MJ x x = 2.44 Ibm 9.48x104 Btu kg kg
Btu 1 x = 3.52 kW Ibm 3.412
x 6894.76 = 101 kPa
(d) 1050
(e) 12,000
(f) 14.7
Ibf in2
1-2
(b) 100
(c) 0.8
W m K
2
(f) 1000
1-3
Hp = 50 (ft) x 0.3048 ( P =
1-4
P =
P = 996 Pa 1.0 kPa 1-5 TOTAL BILL = ENERGY CHARGE + DEMAND CHARGE + METER CHARGE
( 96,000 )
1-6
7 AM to 6 PM
11 hrs/day, 5 days/wk
(11)
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ratio =
1-7
This is a trial and error solution since eq. 1-1 cannot be solved explicitly for i. Answer converges at just over 4.2% using eq. 1-1
$1000 ) 1( P=
0.012 1+ 12 0.012 12
(12 )(12 )
P = $134,000
1-9
1-10
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
Qi = 600 x
1-11
q = mc p T
c p = 4.183 kJ/(kg-K)
= 983.2 kg/m3
1-11 (contd)
1-12
qwat = qair
11,200(1)(10) =
q wat = - q air
1.5 (4186)(90-t2) = 2.4 (1.225)(1.0)(30-20)(1000) 6279(90-t2) = 29,400
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5 t2 = 90 -
t s = t 212 F sur
q = 10x2.618x(212-50) = 4241 Btu/hr
1-15 A= x 0.25x4 = 3.14 16 m2
c p = 0.24 Btu/lbm-F
q = 22,208x0.24(58-76) = -95,939 Btu/hr
Negative sign indicates cooling
m2cp2 (t3-t2) = 0 c p1 = c p2
t3 =
m1 = Q2 1 = 1000x
1-17 (contd)
m2 = Q2 2 = 600x
t3 =
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7
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Chapter 2
2-1 through 2-20 Solutions are not furnished since many acceptable responses exist for each problem. It is not expected that the beginning student can handle these questions easily. The objective is to make the student think about the complete design problem and the various functions of the system. These problems are also intended for use in class discussions to enlarge the text material.
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Chapter 3
3-1 (a) Pv = r Ps = 0.45(3.17)kPa = 1.43 kPa or 0.45(0.435) = 0.196 psia Pa = 101 1.43 = 99.57 kPa or 14.696-0.196 = 14.5 psia (b)
(c) W =
or
3-2
(a) English Units t = 80F; P = 14.696 psia; Pv = 0.507 psia Table A-1a W = 0.6219
v=
(b) English Units 32F, 14.696 psia Pv = 0.089 psia (Table A-1) 3-2 (contd) W=
(a) SI Units 27C; 101.325 kPa Pv = 3.60 kPa, Table A-1b W = 0.6219
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
3-3
(a) English Units 5000 ft elevation, P = 12.24 psia = 24.92 in.Hg t = 80 F; Pv = 0.507 psia (Table A-1a) W = 0.6219
(a) SI Units -27 C, 1500 m elevation P = 99.436 + 1500(-0.01) = 84.436 kPa Pv = 3.60 kPa, Table A-1b
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
10 W=
3-3 (contd) v=
= 1.065 m3 / kga
(b) SI Units 0.0C; 1500m or 84.436 kPa Pv = 0.61 kPa; Table A-1b W=
3-4 (a)
i = 0.24 (70) + 0.0117 [1061.2 + 0.444 (70)] = 29.58 Btu / lbma (b) Pv = 0.75 (0.363) = 0.272 psia; P = 12.24 psia
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
11 W=
i = 0.24(70) + 0.0141 [1061.2 + 0.444 (70)] = 32.20 Btu/ lbma 3-4 SI Units (a) 20C, 75% RH, Sea Level 3-4 (contd) Ps = 2.34 kPa; Pv = 0.75 x 2.34 = 1.755 kPa
W=
i = 1.0 t + W(2501.3 + 1.86t) i = 20 + 0.0110(2501.3 + 1.86 x 20) = 47.92 kJ / kga (b) 20C, 75% RH, 1525m P = 99.436 0.01 x 1525 = 84.186 kPa Ps = 2.34 KPa; Pv = 0.75 x 2.34 = 1.755 kPa W=
i = 20 + 0.0132(2501.3 + 1.86 x 20) = 53.51 kJ / kga 3-5 English Units t = 72 Fdb; = 50 %; P = 14.696 psia
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
12 Air dewpoint = saturated temp. at 0.196 psia = 52.6 F Moisture will condense because the glass temp. 40 F is below the dew point temp. 3-5 SI Units t = 22C ; 50% ; P = 100 kPa Pv = Ps ; Pv = 0.5(2.34) = 1.17 kPa
3-5 (contd) Air dewpoint = sat.temp. at 1.17 kPa = 9.17 C Glass temp. of 4 C is below the dewpoint of 9.17 C, therefore, moisture will ccondense on the glass
3-6 English Units (a) At 55F, 80% RH, va = 13.12 ft3 / lba and a = 0.0752 lbma / ft3
= 18,300 lbma / hr
then va 0.820 m3 / kga; ma = 2.36 / 0.82 = 2.88 kga / s (b) Assuming same conditions
v a = 0.985 m3 / kga ; ma = 2.36 / 0.985 = 2.40 kga / s
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
13
3-7 English Units t = 80F, 60% RH (a) Pv = Ps = 0.6 (0.507) = 0.304 psia
t dp = (t sat @ Pv ) = 64.5 F
(b) Same as (a) above 3-7 SI Units (a) 27 C, 60% RH, Sea Level Ps = 3.57 kPa; Pv = 0.6 x 3.57 = 2.14 kPa
42% ;
Chart 1a & 1b
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
14
55
R
60
90
50
.028
1.0
0 .8
SEA LEVEL
0. 6
0 .5
60
1 .0
85
15
-2 00 0 -1 00 0
.026
0. 3
0.2
0 .1
IR
PO
ER
Problem 3-8
PE U -B T Y AL P TH
25
TU
30
TE
TI O
SA
TU
15
40 35
35
45
40
1 3.
DR Y BUL B T EMPERAT UR E - F
10
48 (9)
15
72 (22)
20
25
3-9
(a,b,d) Using the Properties option of PSYCH: Relative Humidity = 0.59 or 59% Enthalpy = 30.4 Btu/lbma Humidity Ratio = 0.0114 lbu/lba (c) Again using the Properties option At W=0.0114 lbv/lba; RH = 1.00 or 100% The dew point = tdb or twb = 59.9 F
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
0 200
3000
5000
.0
2. 0
Qs Qt
-2.
4 .0 8 .0
-1.
-0 .5 - 0.4 -0.3
-8 -4 .0.0 0
45
85
WE T
.024
BU
LB
TE
50 0
80
40
MP E
55
RA TU
RE
-0 .2
-0 .1
- F
.022
20
15 00
80
h W
1 000
.020
35
75
50
14 .5
.018
75
70
.016
70
.014
45
65
.012
60
65
% 90
1 4 .0 LU VO ME
55
80
%
60
.010
40
-C
% 70
42 %
Room
13 .5
U.F T. P RY .D LB ER
dp
45
50
55
60 %
.008
50
W=0.0071
% 50
A IR
.006
4 0%
35
.004
30 %
20 %
1 2. 5
.002
30
15
3-9 (contd) (e) Using the Density of Dry Air option: Mass Density = 0.070 lba/ft3
3-10
Using program PSYCH (a) tdb = 102.6; twb = 81.1F 75 Fdb; 65 fwb; 14.2 psia (b) m = 58.7 lbm/hr
Q 2 = 1027 cfm
3-11 t1 = 80 / 67 F; t2 = 55 F and sat.; assume std. barometer (a) W1 W2 = 0.0112 0.0092 = 0.002 lbv / lba (b) ql = 31.5 - 29.3 = 2.2 Btu / lba (c) qs = 29.3 23.2 = 6.1 Btu / lba (d) q = ql + qs = 8.3 Btu / lba 0.6219 (0.3095) = 0.0134 kgv / kga (14.696 0.3095)
0.24 (65 - 80) + ( 0.0134 x 1056.5) = 0.00993 lbv / lba (1096 - 33)
3-12
* (a) W2 =
W1 =
1 =
W1 =
0.24(65 80) + (0.01613 x 1056.5) = 0.01265 lbv / lba ( 1096 - 33) or kgv / kga
1 =
3-13
(a) Sea Level Wet Bulb, F 60 59.6 65.1 70 85.8 Dew point F 40.6 49.2 60.1 60.9 81.7 Humid. Ratio, lba/lbv 0.0053 0.0074 0.0111 0.01143 0.0235 Mass Enthalpy Rel. Density Btu/lba Humid., % lba/ft3 26.6 21 0.072 26.1 40 0.073 30 60 0.073 33.8 40 0.071 50 56 0.068
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
17 (a) 5000 ft. Dry Bulb, F 85 75 71.2 102.7 100 Wet Bulb, F 60 58.6 61.6 70 81.3 Dew point F 45.1 49.2 56.7 55.8 76.1 Humid. Ratio, lba/lbv 0.0076 0.0089 0.0118 0.01143 0.0235 Mass Enthalpy Rel. Density Btu/lba Humid., % lba/ft3 28.7 25 0.060 27.7 40 0.061 30 60 0.061 37.3 22 0.058 50 47 0.057
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
18 3-14
ASHRAE PSYCHROMETRIC CHART NO.1
R
55
60
90
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
1.0
0 .8 50 00
SEA LEVEL
0. 6
0 .5
50
.028
60
1 .0
85
1 5 .0
-2 00 0 -1 00 0
.026
2.0
Qs Qt
-2.
4 .0 8 .0
0.2
0 .1
IR
PO
ER
Problem 3-14
PE U -B T Y AL P TH
TU
30
TE
TI O
SA
25
TU
15
40 35
35
45
40
DR Y BUL B T EMPERATUR E - F
10
52 (11)
15
72 (22)
20
25
3-15
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
0 200
300 0
-1 .0
-0 .5 - 0.4 -0.3
-8 -4 .0.0 0
45
85 WE T
.024
BU
LB
TE
50 0
80
40
MP E
55
RA TU RE - F
.022
-0 .2
-0 .1
20
15 00
80
h W
1 000
.020
35
75
50
14 .5
.018
75
70
.016
70
.014
45
65
.012
60
65
% 90
55
80
%
60
Max RH=49.6 %
ME -C U.F
14 .0 V U OL
.010
40
% 70
50
dp
50
55
60 %
13 .5
Room
W=0.0083
R B. D RL PE IR YA
T.
.008
45
% 50
.006
4 0%
35
.004
30%
1 3. 0
20 %
1 2. 5
.002
10% RE LAT
Y IVE H UM IDIT
30
q=
55
60
90
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
1.0
0 .8 50 00
SEA LEVEL
0. 6
0 .5
50
.028
60
1 .0
85
1 5 .0
-2 00 0 -1 00 0
.026
2.0
Qs Qt
-2.
-1.
-0 .5 - 0.4 -0.3
4 .0 8 .0
0.2
0 .1
PO
ER
TU
Problem 3-15
PE U -B T Y
IR
30
TE
TI O
TH
SA
25
1
60
65
% 90
1 4 .0 LU VO
AL P
TU
15
40 35
35
45
40
1 3.
DR Y BUL B T EMPERAT UR E - F
10
52 (10) 55 (13)
15
80 (27)
20
25
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
0 200
300 0
-8 -4 .0.0 0
45
85 WE T
.024
BU
LB
50 0
80
40
TE MP E
55
RA TU RE - F
.022
-0 .2
-0 .1
20
15 00
80
h W
1 000
.020
35
75
50
14 .5
.018
75
70
.016
70
.014
45
65
.012
ME
55
80
%
60
.010
40
-C U.F
ADP
50
% 70
T. P L B. ER
55
60 %
1 3 .5
.008
DR
45
50
IR YA
% 50
.006
4 0%
35
.004
30%
20 %
1 2. 5
.002
10% RE LAT
Y IVE H UM IDIT
30
20
kgv kga
1 = 50%
3-17 Use the Heat Transfer option of program PSYCH:
q = 148,239 Btu/hr
qs = 102,235 Btu/hr
SHF = 0.69
3-18 Use the Heat Transfer option of program PSYCH for sensible heat transfer only:
qs = 178,911 Btu/hr
Negative sign indicates heating.
3-19 Use the program PSYC to compute the various properties at 85/68 F; sea level and 6000 ft elevation. Elevation ft 0 6000 Enthalpy Btu/lbm 32.2 36.3 Rel. Hum percent 42 45 Hum. Ratio lbv/lba 0.0107 0.0144 Density lba/ft3 0.072 0.058
21 3-19 (contd) At 6000 feet:: ma = 5000 x 0.057 x 60 = 17,100 lba/hr Percent Decrease at 6000 ft:
PD =
3-20
Use the program PSYC to compute the heat transfer rates at 1000 and 6000 feet elevation: (a) at 1000 ft, q = 200,534 Btu/hr (b) at 6000 ft, q = 190,224 Btu/hr (c) PD =
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
22
55
60
90
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
1.0
0 .8 50 00
SEA LEVEL
0. 6
0 .5
50
.028
60
1 .0
85
1 5 .0
-2 00 0 -1 00 0
.026
2.0
Qs Qt
4 .0 8 .0
0.2
0 .1
IR
PO
ER
Problem 3-21
PE U -B T Y AL P TH
TU
30
TE
TI O
SA
25
TU
15
40 35
35
45
40
4 0%
DR Y BULB T EMPERATUR E - F
10
15
20
25
3-21 (a)
3-22
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
0 200
300 0
-8 -4 .0.0 -2.0
-1. 0
45
85 WE T
.024
BU
LB
TE
50 0
80
40
MP E
55
RA TU RE - F
.022
-0 .5 - 0.4 -0.3
-0 .2
-0 .1
20
15 00
80
h W
1 000
.020
35
75
2
50
14 .5
.018
75
70
60 %
.016
70
.014
45
65
.012
60
65
% 90
14 .0 V U OL ME
55
80
%
60
.010
40
-C U.F
% 70
T. P RY .D LB ER
50
55
60 %
13 .5
.008
45
50
% 50
A IR
.006
35
.004
30%
1 3. 0
20 %
1 2. 5
.002
10% RE LAT
Y IVE H UM IDIT
30
23
3-22 (contd)
x=
55
R
60
90
50
.028
1.0
0 .8
SEA LEVEL
0. 6
0 .5
60
1 .0
85
15
-2 00 0 -1 00 0
.026
0. 3
0.2
0 .1
IR
Problem 3-22
PE U -B T Y AL P TH
TU
30
PO
ER
TE
TI O
SA
25
TU
15
40 35
35
45
40
1 3.
DR Y BUL B T EMPERAT UR E - F
10
15
80
20
25
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
0 200
300 0
50 00
.0
2.0
Qs Qt
-1.
-0 .5 - 0.4 -0.3
4 .0 8 .0 -8 -4 .0.0 -2. 0
0
45
85
WE T
.024
BU
LB
TE
50 0
80
40
MP E
55
RA TU
RE
-0 .2
-0 .1
- F
.022
20
15 00
1090
1 000
80
h W
.020
35
75
50
14 .5
.018
75
70
.016
b
70
.014
45
65
.012
60
55
60
65
% 90
1 4 .0 LU VO ME
80
.010
60
40
-C U.F
% 70
T. P L B. ER
50
55
60 %
13
.008
DR
45
50
% 50
.5
YA IR
.006
4 0%
35
.004
30%
20 %
1 2. 5
.002
10% RE LAT
Y I VE H UM IDIT
30
24
i 272.1 = iw = kJ / kg W 1000
iw = 0.272 (on scale) t2 = 22.6 C
ASHRAE PSYCHROMETRIC CHART NO.1
R
11 0
R
12
0
30
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
10 0
28
1.0
0 .8
10 .0
SEA LEVEL
0. 6
0.5
30
0 .9
1 .0
1 .5 2. 0
12 0
-5. 0
0.7
90
30 WE TB UL BT
26
Qs Qt
-4.0 -2 .0
4 .0
-2.0
0.0
0.272
80
EM
-1 .0
PE R
24
0.2
0 .1
AI R
O F
IL O G
EM
ER
Problem 3-23
R E P J -K LP Y A TH
AM
50
T
TU
TI O
TU
40
80 %
15
90 %
20
SA
20
10
5
40 %
0 .8
10
D RY BU LB TEMPERA TU RE - C
25
10
15
20
30
35
40
45
10
20
22.6
30
38
40
50
3-24
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
4. 0
5.0
AT
UR
1 .0
E-
C
22
-0 .5
11 0
-0.2
0 .9 2
3 .0
2 .0
70
25
20
2.5
h W
10 0
25
60
0 .9 0
18
16
20
20
90
2
0 .8 8
14
12
80
10
30
% 80
0 .8
15
6V
70
U OL
10
% 60
1
IC M
ME -C UB
70
4 0. 8
0%
ET ER R gD Rk PE
3 0%
0 .8 0
60
YA
20 %
IR
0 .7 8
HU MID ITY
50
25
3-24 (contd)
qc = ma (i2 - i1)
m = 2000 x 60 / 13.14 a
m a = 9132 lba / hr
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
26
55
60
90
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
1.0
0 .8 50 00
SEA LEVEL
0. 6
0 .5
50
.028
60
1 .0
85
1 5 .0
-200 0 -1 00 0
.026
2.0
Qs Qt
4 .0 8 .0
0.2
0 .1
IR
PE
TE
Problem 3-24
-B T Y AL P N TH E
PO
ER
TU
30
TI O
SA
25
TU
15
40 35
35
45
DR Y BULB TEMPERATUR E - F
10
60 (16)
15
20
25
110 (43)
32 2000 Q1 2 = = = 12 3000 Q3 3
Layout 2L/3 on the chart and read: W3 = 0.007 lbv/lba
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
0 200
300 0
-8 -4 .0.0 -2.0
-1. 0
45
85 WE T
.024
BU
LB
TE
50 0
80
40
MP E
55
RA TU RE - F
.022
-0 .5
- 0.4 -0.3
-0 .2
-0 .1
20
15 00
1131
1 000
80
h W
.020
35
75
50
14 .5
.018
75
3
.016
70
70
.014
45
65
.012
60
65
% 90
1 4 .0 LU VO ME
55
80
%
60
30 %
T. P DR L B. ER
.010
40
-C U.F
% 70
50
55
60 %
1 3 .5
.008
45
50
IR YA
% 50
.006
4 0%
35
40
.004
30%
1 3. 0
20 %
1 2.
2
.002
Y VE H UM IDIT
30
27 I3 = 22.2 Btu/lba
ASHRAE PSYCHROMETRIC CHART NO.1
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
R
55
60
90
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
1.0
0 .8 50 00
SEA LEVEL
0. 6
0 .5
50
.028
60
1 .0
85
1 5 .0
-200 0 -1 00 0
.026
2.0
Qs Qt
4 .0 8 .0
0.2
0 .1
IR
PO
Problem 3-25
PE U -B T Y AL P N TH
TU
30
ER
TE
TI O
SA
25
TU
15
40
45 40
DR Y BULB TEMPERATUR E - F
35
35
35
40 (4)
10
58.4 (15)
15
20
100 (38)
25
3-25
SI Units
i3 = 34 kJ / kga
W3 = 0.007 kgv / kga
3-26 English Units Layout the given data on Chart 1a as shown for problem 3-25.
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
0 200
300 0
-8 -4 .0.0 -2.0
-1. 0
45
85 WE T
.024
BU
LB
TE
50 0
80
40
MP E
55
RA TU RE - F
.022
-0 .5
- 0.4 -0.3
-0 .2
-0 .1
20
15 00
77
h W
80
1 000
.020
35
75
50
14 .5
.018
75
70
.016
2
70
.014
45
65
.012
60
65
1 4 .0
% 90
LU VO ME
52
50 45
55
80
%
60
.010
40
-C U.F
% 70
55
T. P DR L B. ER
.008
3
50
60
%
1 3 .5
IR YA
% 50
.006
4 0%
35
.004
30%
1 3. 0
1
1 2. 5
20 %
10% REL ATI Y VE H UM IDIT
.002
30
28 3-26 (contd)
Layout distance 32 on line from 1 to 2 to locate point 3 for the mixture. Read: i3 = 21.5 Btu/lbm W3 = 0.0067 lbu/lba For W, % Error =
For I, % Error =
3-27 SHF =
or SHF =
59 = .81 73
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
29
55
60
90
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
1.0
SEA LEVEL
0. 6
50
.028
60
1 .0
85
1 5 .0
-2 00 0 -1 00 0
0.8
300 0
0 .8
.026
0. 3
0.2
0 .1
IR
PE
TE
Problem 3-27
U -B T Y AL P N TH E
PO
TI O
28.2
A SA TU R
ER
TU
30
25
15
40 35
35
45
40
DR Y BULB T EMPERATUR E - F
10
53 (12)
15
75 (24)
20
25
3-28
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
0 200
50 00
2. 0
0 .5
Qs Qt
-2.
-1. 0
4 .0 8 .0
-8 -4 .0.0 0
45
85 WE T
.024
BU
LB
TE
50 0
80
40
MP E
55
RA TU RE - F
.022
-0 .5 4 - 0. -0.3
-0 .2
-0 .1
21.5
20
15 00
80
h W
1 000
.020
35
75
50
14 .5
.018
75
70
.016
70
.014
45
65
60
65
% 90
50 %
1
.012
1 4 .0 LU VO ME
55
80
%
60
.010
40
-C U .F
% 70
T. P DR L B. ER
50
55
.008
2
45
50
60
%
1 3 .5
IR YA
% 50
.006
4 0%
35
.004
30%
1 3. 0
20 %
1 2. 5
.002
10% RE LAT
Y IVE H UM IDIT
30
30 3-29 (a) Use the AirQuantity option of program PSYCH, iterating on the relative humidity and setting the minimum outdoor Air Quantity to 0.01, NOT ZERO. Use the properties option to find the entering wet bulb temperature of 62.6F. Then
= 0.852
ts = 56F
(iterated)
Qs = 9,360 cfm
(b) Proceed as above
= 0.882
ts = 56F
Qs = 10,014 cfm
3-30 Proceed as in 3-29 above.
= 0.92
ts = 56.1 56 F
Qs = 11,303 cfm
3-31 (a) SHF =
500,000 = 0.91 550,000
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
31
q = ma (i2 -i1)
or ma = q/(i2 -i1)
ma = 550,000 (34.3 22.8)
ma =47,826lba hr
Q2= m a v 2 47,826 = x 14.62=11,654 cfm or 5.5 m3/s 60 60
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
32
55
60
90
1.0
SEA LEVEL
0. 6
50
.028
60
1.0
85
1 5 .0
-2000
0.91
300 0
0.8
.026
0. 3
0.2
0 .1
IR
Problem 3-31
U -B T Y AL P N TH
PO
ER
TU
30
TE
PE
TI O
SA
25
TU
15
40 35
35
45
40
1 3.
1
4 0%
DR Y BULB TEMPERATUR E - F
10
15
72 (22)
20
25
115 (46)
i2 =
q +i1 ma
ma
i2 =
i 2 = 2 8 .3 6 Btu/lba
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
0 200
5000
2. 0
0 .5
Qs Qt
-2.
-1. 0
4 .0 8 .0
-1 00 0
-8 -4 .0.0 0
45
85 WE T
.024
BU
LB
50 0
TE MP E
55
RA TU RE - F
.022
-0 .5 4 - 0. -0.3
80
40
-0 .2
-0 .1
20
15 00
80
h W
1 000
.020
34.3
35
75
50
14 .5
.018
75
70
.016
70
.014
45
65
22.8
55
.012
60
65
% 90
1 4 .0 LU VO ME
80
%
60
30 %
DR L B. ER
.010
40
-C U.F
% 70
T. P
50
55
60 %
1 3 .5
.008
45
50
IR YA
50 %
.006
35
.004
30 %
20 %
1 2. 5
.002
30
55
60
90
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
1.0
0 .8 50 00
SEA LEVEL
0. 6
50
.028
60
1 .0
85
1 5 .0
-2 00 0 -1 00 0
.026
2. 0
0 .5
Qs Qt
-2.
4 .0 8 .0
0.2
0 .1
IR
Problem 3-32
R PE U -B T Y AL P TH
28.4
TI O A SA TU R
PO
ER
TU
30
TE
25
15
40 35
35
45
40
1 3.
DR Y BULB T EMPERAT UR E - F
10
55
15
67
20
90
25
3-33 Use Adiabatic Mixing option of PSYCH with the Properties option to enter requested data. Assume volume flow rates of 3 to 1 to obtain. Tmix,db = 84.2 F Tmix,wb = 71.3 F
3-34 Use Program PSYCH at Sea Level elevation Iteration on the supply volume flow rate is required. This is the same as the leaving air quantity for the coil.
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
0 200
300 0
-8 -4 .0.0
0
45
85 WE T
.024
-1.
BU
LB
TE
50 0
80
40
MP E
55
RA TU RE - F
.022
-0 .5 - 0.4 -0.3
-0 .2
-0 .1
20
15 00
80
h W
1 000
.020
35
75
70
75
50
14 .5
.018
75
.016
70
.014
45
65
.012
60
65
% 90
14 .0 V U OL
2 ADP 55
50
55
60 %
13 .5
ME
80
%
60
.010
40
-C U .F
% 70
T. P R .D LB ER
.008
45
50
IR YA
% 50
.006
4 0%
35
.004
30%
20 %
1 2. 5
.002
10% RE LAT
Y I VE H UM IDIT
30
34 3-34 (contd)
(a) Supply air quantity is 9,384 cfm. (b) The outdoor air quantity is 938 cfm. (c) Air enters the coil at 74.6 F db, 60.5 F wb at a rate of 9,740 cfm (d) The coil capacity is 248,256 Btu/hr. The amount of air returned is: (9,740 939) = 8,802 cfm.
3-35 Use Program PSYCH at 5,000 ft elevation Iteration on the supply volume flow rate is required. This is the same as the leaving air quantity for the coil. (a) Supply air quantity is 11,267 cfm. (b) The outdoor air quantity is 1,127 cfm. (c) Air enters the coil at 74.6 F db, 62.1 F wb at a rate of 11,697 cfm (d) The coil capacity is 334,143 Btu/hr. The amount of air returned is: (11,697 1,127) = 10,570 cfm.
3-36
Q 0 = 1000 cfm
(a) From Chart 1a
t s =120 / 74 F
ms = q 200,000 = (is -ir ) (37.2 22.8)
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
35
= 13,889 lb/hr = m1
t 3 - t1 = (119 61)
(c) mw = ms (Ws -W2 ) = 13,889 (0.0075 - 0.0036) = 54.2 lbm/hr (d) qf = m1(i3 -i1) =13,889 (32.8 18.6) = 197,224 Btu/hr
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
36
55
60
90
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
1.0
0 .8 50 00
SEA LEVEL
0. 6
50
.028
60
1 .0
85
1 5 .0
-2 00 0 -1 00 0
0.8
300 0
.026
2.0
0 .5
Qs Qt
4 .0 8 .0
-8 -4 .0.0 -2.0
-1 .0
45
85 WE T
.024
BU
0.2
0 .1
IR
PE
TE
Problem 3-36
-B T Y AL P N TH E
PO
ER
TU
30
TI O
SA
25
TU
15
40 35
35
45
40
1 3. 0
r
4 0%
DR Y BUL B T EMPERAT UR E - F
40
10
61
15
72
20
25
120
3-37
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
0 200
LB
TE
50 0
80
40
MP E
55
RA TU RE - F
.022
-0 .5 - 0.4 -0.3
-0 .2
-0 .1
20
15 00
1150
80
h W
1 000
.020
35
75
50
14 .5
.018
75
70
.016
70
.014
45
65
.012
60
65
14 .0 V
% 90
U OL ME
55
80
%
60
30 %
DR IR YA
.010
40
-C U.F
% 70
T. B. RL PE
47
45
50
55
60 %
13 .5
.008
50
% 50
.006
35
1 1
.004
30%
3
.002
20 %
1 2. 5
10% RE LAT
Y IVE H UM IDIT
30
37 (d)
3-38
Assume fan power and heat gain are load on the space
ms = 9384 x 60 = 42,915 lbm/hr; Prob 3-34 13.12
State c is required condition leaving coil Part a, b, and c are same as prob. 3-34; (d) qcoil =m1(i1-ic ) = 42,915 (26.8 - 20.54) = 268,648 Btu/hr
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
38
55
60
90
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
1.0
0 .8 50 00
SEA LEVEL
0. 6
50
.028
60
1 .0
85
1 5 .0
-2 00 0 -1 00 0
.026
2.0
0 .5
Qs Qt
-2.
-1 .0
-0 .5 - 0.4 -0.3
4 .0 8 .0
0.2
0 .1
IR
PO
ER
TU
Problem 3-38
R PE U -B T Y
30
TE
TI O
TH
SA
25
AL P
TU
15
40 35
35
45
DR Y BULB T EMPERAT UR E - F
10
55
15
72
20
100
25
3-39
qr = m s (i r i s ); W fan = m s (i s i c )
qr = 1,320,000 Btu/hr
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
0 200
300 0
-8 -4 .0.0 0
45
85 WE T
.024
BU
LB
TE
50 0
80
40
MP E
55
RA TU RE - F
.022
-0 .2
-0 .1
20.54
20
15 00
0
80
h W
1 000
.020
35
75
50
14 .5
.018
75
70
.016
70
65
50 %
14 U OL .0 V
.014
45
.012
60
65
% 90
55
80
%
60
ME -C U.F
.010
40
% 70
T. DR B. RL PE
50
c s 50
55
60 %
13 .5
.008
45
YA
% 50
.006
IR
4 0%
35
40
30%
1 3. 0
.004
20 %
1 2. 5
.002
10% RE LAT
Y IVE H UM IDIT
30
39
55
85
R
60
50
.028
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
1.0
50 00
5000 FEET
0 .6
0 .5
60
1 8 .0
80
1 .0
0.8
0 .8
2. 0
-2 000
.026
45
80 W ET
Qs Qt
-1
4 .0 8 .0 -8 -4.0.0 -2. 0
.0
-1 000
0.2
0 .1
AI R
RY
AT
UR
ND
ER
TU
RA
TI O
Problem 3-39
-B LP Y A TH EN
PO
TE
PE R
SA
TU
25
s
60
c
55
% 90
% 80
15
35
40
35
DR Y BUL B T EMPERATUR E - F
10
62.5 (17)
15
80 (27)
20
90 (32)
25
Solve simultaneous:
m a = 2 4 4 ,9 7 4 lb a /h r
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
0 200
300 0
BU
LB
TE MP
.024
ER
75
50 0
AT U
40
RE
55
- F
.022
-0 .5 -0 .4 - 0.3 -0 .2
-0 .1
15 00
17 .5
75
10 00
.020 h W
35
70
50
.018
70
30
65
17 .0
.016
65
50 %
r
59 (15)
60
.014
45
.012
16 .5 V
20
.010
50
70 %
55
40
U OL ME -C
45
50
.008
% 60
16 .0
U .F T. P ER
40
45
50
R .D LB
.006
4 0%
35
IR YA
30 %
.004
1 5 .5
20%
.002
30
40
is = ir - ( qs ma )
is = 33.7 1,320,000 =28.3 Btu/lba 244,974
Locate points on the condition line on Chart 1 Ha and point c is on cooler process line horz. to left of points. Read ts = 62.5 F, tc = 61.6F. (a) Qs =
(b) Qs = 31.2 m 3 s
3-40
imin =i0 =31.1 Btu/lba and sat. air ; t min =64.5 F; PSYCH
Shreveport, Louisiana, Elevation 259 ft.
imin =i0 = 42.5 Btu/lba and sat. air ; tmin = 76.8 F; PSYCH
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
41
55
60
90
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
1.0
0 .8 50 00
259 FEET
0 .6
50
.028
60
1 .0
85
15 .0
-2 000
.026
2.0
0 .5
Qs Qt
4 .0 8 .0
-1 000
0.2
0 .1
AI R
TE M
ER
- F
PO
PE
AT U
30
O N
AT I
25
AT
15
40 35
35
45
40
DR Y BUL B T EMPERATUR E - F
10
15
76.8
20
95
25
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
0 200
300 0
45
85 WE TB UL
.024
-1
-8 -4.0.0 -2. 0
.0
BT EM
50 0
80
40
PE R
55
AT UR EF
.022
-0 .5
-0 .4 - 0.3
-0 .2
-0 .1
15 00
80
.020 h W
10 00
75
35
TLO
50
.018
75
14 .5
70
SL
.016
70
.014
45
65
60
65
% 90
1 4.
.012
20
55
80
.010
UM OL 0V
60
40
70
E-
50
55
% 60
.008
CU .FT DR LB . ER .P
45
50
50
1 3. 5
.006
4 0%
35
IR YA
.004
30%
1 3 .0
20 %
.002
HUMIDITY
30
42
55
60
85
50
.028
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
1.0
0 .8 50 00
2556 FEET
0 .6
60
5 16 .
1 .0
85
-2 000
.026
2. 0
0 .5
Qs Qt
-1
4 .0 8 .0 -8 -4.0.0 -2. 0
.0
-1 000
45
0.2
0 .1
O U
EM
ER
IR
O F
30
TU
TI O
TU
TH
25
65
EN
60
90 %
SA
15
DR Y BUL B T EMPERAT UR E - F
35
35
10
64.6
15
20
102
25
3-41
q = m s (ir i s )
(a) ms = 12,000 /(28.2 19.1) = 1,319 lba/hr ton
Qs = 1319 x 15.6 = 343 cfm/ton 60
(b) Qs 0.046 m3 / s - kW
m0 /ms 55%
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
0 200
300 0
80
0
.024
55
50 0
-0 .5 -0 .4 - 0.3
40
80
WE
-0 .2
-0 .1
TB
UL
.022
20
15 00
BT
75
10 00
EM P
ER A
TU
1 6 .0
RE
- F
.020
h W
35
75
.018
50
70
.016
70
65
TLO
.014
45
1 5 .5
.012
55
60
% 80
.010
40
1 5.
50
% 7 055
% 60
UM OL 0V
.00 8
45
E-
50
CU
40
45
40
% 50
1 4.
. LB ER .P .FT
TA
.00 6
4 0%
30 %
35
DR IR YA
.00 4
1 4 .0
20%
.00 2
30
43
55
85
R
60
50
.028
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
1.0
0 .8
50 00
5000 FEET
0 .6
0 .5
60
1 8 .0
80
1 .0
2.0
-2 000
.026
45
80 W ET
0.7
0 200
Qs Qt
-1
4 .0 8 .0 -8 -4.0.0 -2. 0
.0
-1 000
0.2
0 .1
AI R
DR
PE RA
TU
RE
UN
PO
TU
AT
Problem 3-41
AL PY EN TH
TE
PE R
IO
-B
UR
SA T
25
60
55
% 90
% 80
40 %
1 6 .5 LU VO
15
35
40
35
DR Y BUL B T EMPERAT UR E - F
10
50 (10)
15
75 (24)
20
100 (38)
25
3-42 q = m2 (i2 i3 ); m2 =
m 2 = 26,042 lba/hr
Q 2 = 26042 x 14.55/60 = 6315 cfm m 0 = 0.25 x 26,042 = 6511 lba/hr m 0 / m 3 = 0.25; t mix = 67.5 / 49.5 F
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
300 0
BU
LB
TE MP
.024
ER
75
50 0
AT U
40
RE
55
- F
.022
.5 -0 -0 .4 - 0.3 -0 .2
-0.1
15 00
17 .5
75
10 00
.020 h W
35
70
50
.018
70
30
65
17 .0
.016
65
.014
45
60
.012
20
.010
50
70 %
55
40
ME -C
45
50
.008
s
40
45
% 60
16 .0
U.F T. P ER
50
10 %
0
L B. DR
.006
4 0%
35
IR YA
30 %
.004
1 5 .5
20%
.002
HUMIDI TY
30
Heat Coil:
m w = 0.036 kg/s
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
45
ASHRAE PSYCHROMETRIC CHART NO.1
R
55
60
90
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
1.0
0 .8 50 00
SEA LEVEL
0. 6
50
.028
60
1 .0
85
1 5 .0
-2 000
.026
2.0
0 .5
Qs Qt
4 .0 8 .0
-1 00 0
0.2
0 .1
IR
PO
ER
Problem 3-42
PE U -B T Y AL P TH
TU
30
TE
TI O
SA
25
TU
15
40 35
35
45
40
1 3.
DR Y BUL B TEMPERATUR E - F
10
60 (16)
15
70 (21)
20
105 (40)
25
3-43
Use Chart 1a; qd = ma (ir is ) or m a = q d /(ir i s ) (a) m a = 150 x 12,000 / (28.4-22) = 28,125 lbm/hr
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
0 200
300 0
-8 -4 .0.0 -2.0
-1. 0
45
85 WE T
.024
BU
LB
TE
50 0
80
40
MP E
55
RA TU RE - F
.022
-0 .5 - 0.4 -0.3
-0 .2
-0 .1
20
15 00
1153
80
h W
1 000
.020
35
75
50
14 .5
.018
75
70
.016
2
70
.014
45
65
.012
60
65
% 90
1 4 .0 LU VO ME
55
80
%
60
.010
40
-C U.F
% 70
30 %
IR YA
T. P
50
55
60 %
1 3 .5
.008
DR L B. ER
45
50
50 %
.006
4 0%
3 1 5
35
.004
30%
20 %
1 2. 5
.002
10%
30
55
60
90
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
0. 3
0.2
0 .1
IR
PO
Problem 3-43
PE U -B T Y AL P N TH
ER
TU
30
TE
TI O
SA
25
TU
15
40 35
35
45 40
1 3.
DR Y BUL B T EMPERAT UR E - F
10
60 (16)
15
75 (24)
20
25
3-44
(a) ma =
= 1,574 cfm
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
0 200
0.6
300 0
50 00
0.8
1.0
0 .8
SEA LEVEL
0. 6
50
.028
60
1 .0
85
1 5 .0
-2 00 0 -1 00 0
.026
2. 0
0 .5
Qs Qt
-1.
4 .0 8 .0 -8 -4 .0.0 -2. 0
0
45
85 WE T
.024
BU
LB
TE
50 0
80
40
MP E
55
RA TU RE - F
.022
-0 .5 - 0.4 -0.3
-0 .2
-0 .1
20
15 00
80
h W
1 000
.020
35
75
50
14 .5
.018
75
70
.016
70
.014
45
65
.012
60
65
14 .0 V
% 90
U OL
55
m 80 % s
% 70
r
60
ME -C U.F T. P L B. ER
.010
40
50
55
60 %
1 3 .5
.008
DR
45
50
IR YA
% 50
.006
4 0%
35
.004
30%
62 (17)
20 %
10% RE LAT Y IVE H UM IDIT
.002
1 2. 5
30
47
tm = 62.5 / 58 F
(b) Q s =3.7 m3 / s; Qm = 0.74 m3 /s; tm = 17 /14.4 C 3-45 Use Chart 1a;
mr 10 = 0.8 = m1 0r
ms =
m s = 85,106 lba/hr; m s is constant for all conditions i s' = 29.35 25 x 12,000/85, 106 = 25.83 Btu/lba
(a) From Chart 1a; t s' = 64 F (b) m s i s + m b i1' = (m c + m b ) i s'
m b (i s i s' ) 24.2 25.8 = = 0.271 = m c (i s' i1' ) 25.8 31.7
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
48
55
60
90
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
0. 3
0.2
0 .1
Problem 3-45
O N D U PO R PE U -B T
IR
ER
TU
30
TE
TI O
TH
SA
25
AL P
TU
15
40 35
35
DR Y BUL B T EMPERAT UR E - F
10
55 (13) 64 (18)
15
77 (25) 85 (29)
20
95 (35)
25
ENTHALPY - BT U PER POUND OF DRY AIR
3-46
3-47 (a) It is probably impossible to cool the air from 1 to 2 in one process. The extension of line 12 does not intersect the saturation curve. (b) Cool the air to state 1' and then heat to state 2.
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
0 200
300 0
50 00
0.9
1.0
0 .8
SEA LEVEL
0. 6
0 .5
50
.028
60
85
1 5 .0
1 .0
2.0
Qs Qt
-1.
4 .0 8 .0 -8 -4 .0.0 -2. 0
0
-2 00 0 -1 00 0
.026
45
85 WE T
.024
BU
LB
TE
50 0
80
MP E
55
RA TU RE - F
.022
-0 .5 - 0.4 -0.3
-0 .2
40
-0 .1
20
15 00
80
h W
1 000
.020
35
75
50
0'
75
14 .5
.018
70
.016
50 %
70
.014
45
65
1'
.012
60
65
1 4 .0
% 90
LU VO
s'
55
80
ME
%
60
.010
40
-C U.F
% 70
T. P L B. ER
50
s
50
55
.008
60
%
1 3 .5
DR
45
IR YA
% 50
.006
45 40
4 0%
35
.004
30%
1 3. 0
20 %
1 2. 5
.002
10% RE LAT
Y I VE H UM IDIT
30
49
55
60
90
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
1.0
0 .8 50 00
SEA LEVEL
0. 6
50
.028
60
1 .0
85
1 5 .0
-2 00 0 -1 00 0
.026
2.0
0 .5
Qs Qt
-1.
-0 .5 - 0.4 -0.3
4 .0 8 .0 -8 -4 .0.0 -2. 0
0
0.2
0 .1
IR
Problem 3-47
PE U -B T Y AL P N TH
PO
ER
TE
67
65
TU
30
TI O
SA
25
TU
15
40 35
35
45
DR Y BUL B TEMPERATUR E - F
10
52 (11) 60 (16)
15
80 (27)
20
25
3-48
(a)
mc sh = =.837 ms ch
mh cs = = 0.163 ms ch
mc 0.837 = = 5.14 mh 0.163
q = ms (ir is )
ms = 50 x 12,000 = 93,750 lba/hr (28.2-21.8)
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
0 200
300 0
45
85 WE T
.024
BU
LB
TE
50 0
80
40
MP E
55
RA TU RE - F
.022
-0 .2
-0 .1
20
15 00
80
h W
1 000
.020
35
75
50
14 .5
.018
75
70
.016
90 %
70
.014
45
60
65
% 90
.012
14 U OL .0 V ME
54
50
55
80
%
60
.010
40
-C U .F
% 70
T. RY B. D RL PE
1'
50
55
.008
45
60
%
13 .5
% 50
A IR
.006
4 0%
1 3.
35
40
30%
0
.004
20 %
1 2. 5
.002
10% RE LAT
Y IVE H UM IDIT
30
50
(b) Qs = 9.7 m3 /s
ASHRAE PSYCHROMETRIC CHART NO.1
R
55
60
90
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
1.0
0 .8 50 00
SEA LEVEL
0. 6
50
.028
60
1 .0
85
1 5 .0
-2 00 0 -1 00 0
.026
2.0
0.65
0 200
0 .5
Qs Qt
4 .0 8 .0
0.2
0. 1
IR
PO
ER
TU
Problem 3-48
PE U -B T Y AL P
30
TE
TI O
TH
SA
25
TU
15
40 35
35
45
40
DR Y BUL B T EMPERAT UR E - F
10
52 (11)
15
75 (24)
20
90 (32)
25
3-49
ms =
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
300 0
-1.
.5 -0 - 0.4 -0.3
-8 -4 .0.0 -2. 0
0
45
85 WE T
.024
BU
LB
TE
50 0
80
40
MP E
55
RA TU RE - F
.022
-0 .2
-0 .1
20
15 00
80
h W
1 000
.020
35
75
50
14 .5
.018
75
70
.016
70
.014
45
65
90 %
65
14 .0 V U OL
.012
60
% 90
ME
55
80
%
60
.010
40
-C U.F
% 70
T. P R .D LB ER
50
55
60 %
13 .5
20 %
h
.008
45
50
s
% 50
IR YA
.006
4 0%
35
.004
30%
1 3. 0
20 %
1 2.
.002
Y VE H UM IDIT
30
51
3-51 SI Units (a) On the basis of volume flow rate using Chart 1b:
Q2 =
(b)
Q3 (i4 -i3 ) v3
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
52
ASHRAE PSYCHROMETRIC CHART NO.1
R
11 0
R
12
0
30
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
10 0
28
1.0
0 .8 0. 7
SEA LEVEL
0. 6
30
0 .9
1 .0
4
12 0
1 .5 2. 0
SENSIB LE HEAT T OTAL HEAT Qs Qt
-2
-1 .0
0. 3
-5.0
-2.0
90
30 WE TB UL BT E
26
0.2
0 .1
Problem 3-51
D O F AM R IL O G R K E P J
AI R
EM
ER
50
TU
TI O
LP Y
TU
20
TH
40
SA
-K
20
5
40 %
0 .8
10
D RY BU LB TEMPERA TU RE - C
25
10
15
20
30
35
40
45
10
12
20
17.2
24
29
30
40
50
English Units
3-52 (a),(b) From Chart 1b, states 1.4 and ADP are known. Based on approx. 11.8 C db, 11.2 C wb, and 90% RH locate state 2. Then for full load design condition air is cooled from 1 to 2 and the room process proceeds from 2 to 4.
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
4. 0
5.0
10 .0
Problem 3-51
0.5
4 .0
-4.0
.0
0. 4
-0 .5
0.0
MP ER
24
1 .0
80
AT
UR
E-
C
22
11 0
-0.2
0 .9 2
3 .0
2 .0
70
25
20
2.5
h W
10 0
25
60
18
0 .9 0
16
20
50 %
0 .8 8
90
14
12
14.7
15
30
90
80
10
% 80 3
15
0 .8 6V
11
10
70
U OL ME
% 60
70
-C UB
4 0.8
10
IC M
50
ET ER g Rk PE
3 0%
0 .8 0
DR IR YA
60
20 %
0 .7 8
HUM ID ITY
50
53 For the high latent load condition, the air at 2 is reheated to state 3 where it enters the space and the process proceeds to state 4. (c) q24 = ma (i4 -i2 ) =
Q2 (i4 -i2 ) v2
Q2 = 1.82 m3/s
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
54
ASHRAE PSYCHROMETRIC CHART NO.1
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
R
11 0
R
12
0
30
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
10 0
28
1.0
Problem 3-52
0.7
SEA LEVEL
SENSIB LE HEAT T OTAL HEAT Qs Qt
-2
-1. 0
30
0 .9
1 .0
0 .8
10 .0
12 0
1 .5 2.0
4 .0
-4.0
.0
-5. 0
-2.0
90
30 WE TB UL BT E
26
0. 6
0.5
0. 4
0. 3
0.0
MP ER
24
0.2
0 .1
AI R
AM
IL O G
EM
ER
50
TU
Problem 3-52
E P J -K LP Y
O F
TI O
TU
20
TH
40
17
15
90 %
SA
20
5
40 %
0 .8
10
D RY BU LB TEMPERA TU RE - C
25
10
15
20
30
35
40
45
10
11.8
19
20
23
27
30
40
50
3-52
English Units (a),(b) See above (c) Q2 = 4103cfm ; q12 =221,243 Btu/hr
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
4. 0
5.0
1 .0
80
AT
UR
E-
C
22
-0 .5
11 0
-0.2
0 .9 2
3 .0
2 .0
70
25
20
2.5
h W
10 0
25
60
0 .9 0
18
21
20
16
90
14
1
0 .8 8
12
80
10
30
14 11
ADP
10
% 80
15
0 .8 6V
70
U OL ME
2
10
% 60
3
4 0 .8
70
-C UB IC M
% 50
ET ER R gD Rk PE
3 0%
0 .8 0
60
IR YA
20 %
0 .7 8
HU MID ITY
50
55
mr 0m m = = 0.462 r mm 0r ms
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
56
55
60
90
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
1.0
0 .8 50 00
SEA LEVEL
0. 6
50
.028
60
1 .0
85
1 5 .0
-2 00 0 -1 00 0
.026
0. 3
0.2
0 .1
ER
TU
Problem 3-53
PO R PE U -B T Y
IR
30
P
TE
TI O
SA
TH
25
0'
60
65
% 90
AL P
TU
15
40 35
35
45 40
DR Y BUL B TEMPERATUR E - F
40 (4)
10
15
75 (24)
20
25
(c) Qr =1.41m
s ; Qo' =1.02m3 s
(d) qc = 37.3 kW 3-54 (a) Any combination that will yield an enthalpy less than 57.0 kJ/kga or 33 Btu/lba
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
0 200
300 0
0.8
2.0
0 .5
Qs Qt
-1.
-0 .5 - 0.4 -0.3
4 .0 8 .0 -8 -4 .0.0 -2. 0
0
45
85 WE T
.024
BU
LB
TE
50 0
80
40
MP E
55
RA TU RE - F
.022
-0 .2
-0 .1
20
43 (6)
0
15 00
1150
ENTHAL PY HU MIDITY RAT IO
80
h W
1 000
.020
35
75
50
14 .5
.018
75
70
.016
90 %
65
70
.014
45
.012
14 U OL .0 V
m'
60
50 %
r
ME
55
80
.010
40
-C U.F
% 70
T. P DR L B. ER
50
s
50
55
.008
60
%
13 .5
ADP
45
YA
% 50
.006
IR
4 0%
35
m
1 3. 0
.004
30%
20 %
1 2. 5
10% RE LAT
Y IVE H UM IDIT
70 (21)
.002
30
57
mo mr = =0.36 mr 0r
11 0
R
12
0
30
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
10 0
28
1.0
0 .8
10 .0
SEA LEVEL
0. 6
0.5
30
0 .9
1 .0
1 .5 2. 0
4
12 0
-5.0
-2.0
0.7
90
26
Qs Qt
-4.0 -2 .0
4 .0
30
0.2
0 .1
AI R
AM
IL O G
EM
ER
50
TU
Problem 3-54
E P J -K LP Y
O F
TI O
TU
m2
TH
40
SA
20
40 %
0 .8
10
D RY BU LB TEMPERA TU RE - C
25
10
15
20
30
35
40
45
10
18 (64)
20
25 (77)
30
40
50
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
4. 0
0.6
0.0
WE TB UL BT
EM
-1. 0
-0 .5
PE R
24
5.0
1 .0
80
AT
UR
E-
C
22
11 0
-0.2
0 .9 2
3 .0
2 .0
70
25
20
2.5
h W
10 0
25
60
18
57
0 .9 0
16
20
14
90
0 .8 8
12
15
30
90
% s
80
10
% 80
0 .8
15
6V
70
10
U OL ME
% 60
70
-C UB
4 0. 8
10
IC M
0%
ET ER gD Rk PE
3 0%
0 .8 0
60
RY
20 %
20 (68)
HUM ID ITY
A IR
0 .7 8
50
58 3-55
SHF =
Construct condition line on Chart 1a with preheat and mixing processes. (a) qsen = -424,000 = m sc p (t r -t s )
ms = 424,000 = 88,333 lba/hr 0.24 (75 95)
59
55
60
90
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
1.0
0 .8 50 00
SEA LEVEL
0. 6
50
.028
60
1 .0
85
1 5 .0
-2 00 0 -1 00 0
.026
2.0
0 .5
Qs Qt
-1.
4 .0 8 .0 -8 -4 .0.0 -2. 0
0
0.2
0 .1
IR
PO
ER
Problem 3-55
PE U -B T Y AL P TH
TU
30
TE
TI O
SA
25
TU
15
40 35
35
45 40
1 3. 0
DR Y BUL B T EMPERATUR E - F
0
40 45 50 55
35 (2)
10
60 (16)
15
75 (24)
20
95 (35)
25
60 (i4 -i3 ) v3
Q3 x
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
65
70
95
0 200
300 0
45
85 WE T
.024
-4
50 0
BU
LB
TE
80
40
MP E
55
RA TU RE - F
.022
-0 .5 - 0.4 -0.3
-0 .2
-0 .1
20
15 00
80
h W
1 000
.020
35
75
50
14 .5
.018
75
70
.016
70
.014
45
65
.012
60
65
% 90
1 4 .0 LU VO ME
50 %
r
55
80
.010
60
40
-C T. P U.F
% 70
50
55
60 %
20 %
IR
.008
DR L B. ER
1 3 .5
45
50
YA
50 %
.006
4 0%
35
m
30%
.004
s
20 %
Y IVE H UM IDIT
.002
1 2.
10% RE LAT
30
55
60
90
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
1.0
0 .8 50 00
SEA LEVEL
0. 6
0 .5
50
.028
60
1 .0
85
1 5 .0
-2 00 0 -1 00 0
.026
0.8
300 0
2.0
Qs Qt
-2.
4 .0 8 .0
-1.
-0 .5 - 0.4 -0.3
-8 -4 .0.0 0
45
85 WE T
.024
BU
0.2
0 .1
Problem 3-56
R D F O N D U PO R PE U -B T
IR
ER
TU
30
TE
TI O
AL P
TU
TH
SA
25
62
60
% 90
1
65
1 4 .0
15
40 35
35
45
40
DR Y BULB T EMPERAT UR E - F
10
50
58.5
15
75
84
20
25
3-57 (a)
Refer to Chart 1
A reheat system is required. Process 1-2 is for the coil. Process 3-4 is defined by the SHF = 0.5 Process 2-3 represents the required heat.
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
0 200
LB
TE
50 0
80
40
MP E
55
RA TU RE - F
.022
-0 .2
-0 .1
20
15 00
80
h W
1 000
.020
35
75
50
90 %
75
14 .5
.018
70
70
70
.016
50 %
.014
45
65
.012
LU VO ME
55
80
%
60
.010
40
-C U.F
% 70
T. P L B. ER
50
3 2
50
55
60 %
1 3 .5
.008
DR
45
IR YA
% 50
.006
4 0%
35
.004
30%
1 3. 0
20 %
1 2. 5
.002
10% RE LAT
Y I VE H UM IDIT
30
61 State 3 is defined by the intersection of the reheat and space condition lines.
(b)
Q3 x 60 (i4 -i3 ) v3
Q3 =
q12 = ma (i1-i2 ) =
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
62
55
60
90
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
1.0
0 .8
50 00
SEA LEVEL
0. 6
50
.028
60
85
15
1 .0
2.0
0 .5
Qs Qt
-1.
4 .0 8 .0 -8 -4 .0.0 -2. 0
0
-2 00 0 -1 00 0
.026
.0
0.2
0 .1
Problem 3-57
F O N D U PO R PE U -B T
IR
ER
TU
30
P
TE
TI O
TH
SA
25
62
60
65
% 90
AL P
1
1 4 .0
TU
15
40 35
35
DR Y BULB TEMPERATUR E - F
10
45 51
15
66
75
85
20
25
3-58 Assume room temperature humidity of 50% and layout the state & processes on required from point c to s.
Supply Air:
ms =
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
0 200
300 0
45
85 WE T
.024
BU
LB
TE
50 0
80
MP E
55
RA TU RE - F
-0 .5 - 0.4 -0.3
-0 .2
-0 .1
40
.022
20
15 00
80
h W
1 000
.020
35
75
50
14 .5
.018
75
70
70
70
.016
50 %
.014
45
65
.012
LU VO
56
55 50
55
ME
80
%
60
.010
40
-C
U.F
% 70
T. R B. D RL PE
.008
ADP 45
2
50
60
13 .5
YA
% 50
.006
IR
45
40
4 0%
35
.004
30%
1 3. 0
20 %
1 2. 5
.002
10% RE LAT
Y IVE H UM IDIT
30
63
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
64
55
85
R
60
50
.028
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
1.0
0 .8
50 00
5000 FEET
0 .6
0 .5
60
1 8 .0
80
1 .0
2. 0
-2 000
-1 000
.026
45
80 WE T
Qs Qt
0.6 0.5
0 200
-1
4 .0 8 .0 -8 -4.0.0 -2. 0
.0
0.2
0 .1
AI R
RY
AT
UR
PO
TE
Problem 3-58
TU -B LP Y A EN
ND
ER
PE R
RA
TI O
TU
SA
25
60
TH
15
35
DR Y BUL B T EMPERATUR E - F
10
55 (13)
15
75 (24)
20
90 (32)
25
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
12 0
100
105
110
115
60
75
80
85
90
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
95
300 0
BU
LB
50 0
40
75
TE MP
.024
ER
75
AT U
RE
55
- F
.022
-0 .5 -0 .4 - 0.3 -0 .2
-0 .1
15 00
17 .5
75
10 00
50 %
0
.020 h W
35
70
50
.018
70
30
65
90 %
65
.016
17 .0
.014
60
45
.012
55
% 90
% 80
r
55
16 .5 V
20
.010
50
c
70
40
U OL ME -C
45
50
.008
% 60
16 .0
U .F T. P ER
40
45 40
50
R .D LB
.006
4 0%
35
IR YA
35
30 %
.004
1 5 .5
20%
70 (21)
.002
30
Exerpts from this wrk may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-prort basis for testing or instructional purposes only t students enrolled in courses for which the textbok has been adopted. ny other reproduction or trnstin ofthis work beyond tht permitted by Sections ]07 or ]08 of the 1976 United Sttes Copyright ct withut the permissin of the copyright owner is unwful. Requests for permission or further informtion should be ddressed to the Permission Deprtment, John Wiley & Sons, nc, ] ] Rier Street' Hoboken, NJ 07030'
Chapter 4
4-1
(a) comfortable
(b) too warm
(c) comfortabe
(d) too dry
4-2
(a) comfortable
(b) too warm
(c) comfortable
(d) too dry
4-3
bulb of 78 75
F,
clo
to,act =
5.4(1 + 0.5)(1.8
.2) = 71 F
(clo = 0.8)
4-4
(a) Summer,
to =
76 F or 24 C; Winter,
\/ith
to =
72 F or 22 C
clo = 0.2,
3.0,
tdb
:76
o/
to =76
4-1
T,fn
='6* C\l2
tmft:82For27'8C
to=(74+82)2 = 78F or25.6C
4-8
to
= 4q4
to = (84
x72 F
4-9
5.4 (1 + 0.5) (2
Exerpts fiom this work may be reprdued by instrutors for distribution on a not-1br-proit basis for testing or instrutiona puoses only to students enrolled in urses for whih the textbook has been adopted' ny ther reproduction r trnstion of this wrk beynd ha permited by Secions 107 r ]08 ofthe 976 Unied Stqes CopriPh cwithou he oermission fthe cpyrigh wner is unlful.
s an approximation
Tmrt = 2To
_,
and
Tflx =
Tno
* ci121Tg
_ ,
Eq '
(4-1)
2(o_T3)4
= Tno
*CV1/21n _Tr)
532 R
ta=85F(30C)
Cold surroundings require high ambient air temperature
for comfort, even with high activity level.
4-10
trx
t,
4-11
(a) Even
if the suit
Xcets from this work may be reprodued by instuctors for distribution on a not-for-pro1'it basis for testing or instructional purpses ony to students enrolld in ourses for which th tetbook has been adpted. ny other reproducion or trnstion f his rk beyond ht permitted by Secions ] 07 or 108 o{ the ] 97 6 United Sttes Copyrigh c ithout the permissin of the coyright oner is unfu.
cool if sedentary.
4-12
68 - 45 23 = 7 4 _ 45 29 Costs
74 68
- 45 29 - 45 23
26o/o if
thermostat is raised.
4-13
Too much air motion in the cold winter months tends to cause drafts and make people uncomfortabe. Air velocity just sufficient to prevent large
temperature gradients from floor to ceiling is best for winter. he opposite
is true for hot summer months. Higher air velocity tends to compensate for high temperature and humidity.
4-14
(a) Raising the chiled water temperature will cause the cooling coil to
operate with a higher surface temperature and the relative humidity in the space will tend to rise if the latent heat gain is signifcant such as would be the case with many occupants, this could lead to
u
(b) Yes, during the unoccupied hours the space load may be almost totaly
erpts from thrs work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-fr-profit basis for testing or instrutional puoses only to students enrolled in ourses for whih the textbok has been adopled' ny other reproducion or rnsion of this rk beynd h permied by Sections ] 07 or 108 f the 97 6 United Sttes Copyright c ithu he permissin f the cpyright oner is unlful.
Sensibe heat gain and the load is much less than the design value. ln this case the chiled water temperature may be increased.
4-15
hese fans may bring air down in the Summer, increasing the
velocity of air in the occupied zone and providing improved comfort.
ln the winter, air may be drawn upward, pushing the warm air at the
4'16
450
ft3/min
(b) on the basis of floor area, the occupancy woud be 25 and the
minimum ventilation requirement would be
Q,
floor area if lowest air flow is desired. With 30 actua student air flow is such a case woud be insufficient.
4-17
(QtC"
N)/Qt
C"
(N/at)
= (2001196 + (O.25l9o)
XctS from this work may be reprduced by instrutors for distribution on a not_tbr-profit basis for tosting or instrutional purposes only to students enoled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny her reprduction or rnsin of his ork beyond ha permied by Secions ] 07 or 1 08 of he 97 6 Unied Stes Copyrigh c w ithul the permission of the cpyrigh oner is unlful.
or using Sl Units
c,
=
(2OO /
4-18
N=n(5.Oml/s)
Solving Eq. 4-5 for
N = Qt (C,
n
: Qt (C, - C")
2.8 (1000-280) / 5.
- person
= 404 persons
4-19
Use the M-100 media of fig. 4-8. From table 4-3, select a
12x24 x 8
Ql |o'25 o.40]1l2
Studnts enroed in ourses for which the tetbook has been adopted. ny oher reproduction or rnston f his ork beyond ht by Secions 1 07 r 1 08 of he 976 Unied Sttes Copyrigh c lithu he permission f the copyright oner is unful.
Ecerpts fiom this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructinal puoses only to
;g =(2000
514) = 3.89 or
4. This
is a satisfactory number.
4-20
Use the M-100 media from Tabe 4-3 select a O.3 x O.6 x-O.2 unit. This is rated at 0.3 m'/s with 1oo pa pressure drop.
t P
60 pa the alowabte flow rate for each unit would be Q = (0.3) (60/1 OOf tz = 0.23 m3/s
=
require 1'Oolo'23 = 4'34 units. This requires at east 5 filter units, but since this is an odd number, recommend
1.OO m3/s woud
using six units. Trying the 0.6 x 0.6 x 0.2 filter the allowable flow per unit would be
0.48 This would require more than two units of this size. conomies would determine the best choice.
= (0.62) (60/1}q1t2 =
4-21
Qr [P / P,]1'2
= 9OO
N = ss00/235 =
Ve = Q/ =
= 344fpm (2)(8)
5.7 fps
4-22
l 37
'4]1t2 =
0.336
m=(2.8)/0.336=8.3
Use 9 modules, a 3 x 3 arrangement.
Excets from this work may be eprodued by instructors for'distribution on a not_1br-proit basis for testing or instructiona purposes only t students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny other ,rpr:orl'u"on or trnsion of this work beyond th permilec by Sectins 1 07 or 108 f the ] 976 t]nied SteS Copyr?ht c w-ithut thi permis'" oj n, copyrigh wner i unlful.
/3
VelocitY
FAc AREA
(2.8)m3
/s
(0.3)(0.6)(e)m2
=1.73m1s
4-23
P
=
O.4Om3
/s/module
ta / Q.]' :1OO
=
lO,4OtO.42l2 =90.7 Pa
Velocity
4-24
No solution exists due to the fixed air quantity for the unit. This part of the problem is intended to show the student that typical direct expansion equipment cannot be used in this \May. lt also shows that the load due to outdoor air is very large.
4-25
exhaust
sHF= 0.7
ho
66.8 F wb
it = 31.4 Btu / lbm and v1 = 13.9 ft3 /lbm
fbr tSting o instructional puosS only to Exerpts from this wrk nay be reproduced by instructors fo distribution on a nt-for-proftt basis or rnstion f his wrk beynd h permited students errrolled in courses fbr whih the textbook has been adopted. ny other reprodicrion is unlful' by Sectins 107 r ]08 ofthe t976 Llnited Sttes Copyrilht ctv,ithut he pemissin ofhe copyright oner
74
Q1, =
/V
(60)
(i1
is)
(i1
35 12,ooo Qls
is = 31
_i.)
.-
''''J8?r;
''
lil,
(ir.
- is) = 36'000;
ir =27
tr, O,
= il1
(27 .6
^ - 23.46)
=
:8695'7
rh, (vr,
(13.4)
1940 cfm
Qr
Try the 24x24x8 units of table 4-3. 920 cfm @0.4 in. wg.
4-26
75
Qo
Qs
Q. is supply
air.
=
43.0 +20
modules
4-27
= 15 +
12.5 =
27 .5 cfm / person
4-28
RQr={-2OOxO.85[180-(1-0.8)0.0]+(10x150x35'32)]l
(0.85 x 0.8 x '180) where Co
=
0.0
RQr
for-testing or instrutional puoses only t Exerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-ibr-profit basis h permitted the textbook has been adopted. ny other reprodiction or rnslin of this ork beyond students enroed in ourses fr which c iithout the permissin of he copyrigh oner is unl.ful' by Sectins 07 or 1 08 f the 976 tJnited Stes Copyrght
76
Qo
= 2OO
cfm, Qs
4-2g
(_Qo)(Eu)(cr)+ N / rEiC,
RQ.
= 15.53 cfm/person
4-3o
RQr
(-QoEvCs
N) / (EvEfCs)
)l
RQr
183 cfm, Qo
= 2OO
cfm;
d,
383 cfm
4-31
(a) This type of space will require a high ventilation (supply air)
rate to handle the load, air cleanliness is not the main criterion.
Therefore, a low efficiency filter with low pressure drop is acceptable. From table 4-2, assume occupancy will be about 30 persons / l
OOO
77
gives
(Q" _ Qo) / Ef
4-31 (continued)
, :
1O +
= 2250
/ 35o
= 6'43 ft2
reduce the required face area. However this is not desirable in this case. First the filter system would have to be enlarged to handle the greater amount of air. A lower filter efficiency could be used and still maintain the required air quality. For example, suppose the load dictates 4000 cfm instead of 2250 cfm, then for 90 PeoPle
8.
Et
4-32
(a)
l5x
Q=
(Q, / v) 60
(i|.
-ir)
225 people
75F
xerpts frm this work may be reprodued by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit b studes enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny oher reprduction by Sections ] 07 or ] 08 of he 1976 Unied SteS Copyrigh c )ithou he permission fhe cop;
RH=5%
125,0
78
x13 ft3
/ ba
[
. = (125,oOo x13)
60 x (28 - 1e.4
)]
Qs
(b)
3,149 cfm
, ,
= o
=
= 15 x225
3,375 cfm
-D
(c)
50 52
Supply air condition
Q. must be 3,375
cfm, find
ne\/
i'
= 28
20 Btu i lba
Excets frm this work may be reprodued by instrutors or distribution on a not-tbr-profit basis for testing r instructional purposes only to students enroed in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny her reproduction or rnsation of his work beyond th permitted by Sections 107 r ]08 ofhe )976 Unied SeS Cpyright ct withut the permissin fhe cpyright o]ner unl:wful.
Exets from this work may be reprodued by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instrutional purposes only to students enrlled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny other reproduction or trnsltin of this work beyond tht permitted by Sections 07 or ]0B of the 976 United Sttes Copyright ct without the permission of the copyright owner is unlwful. Requests for permission or further informtion should be ddressed to the Permission Deprtment' John Wiley & Sns, nc, ] ] ] Rier Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030.
Chapter 5
5-'1
5-2
(a) (b)
k = Cx =0.2
4 =O.8 (Btu
in) / ( hr - ft2
F)
(a)
C=k
11
5-3
(a)
hr- F)/
=
Btu
0.183 (
hr-F)/Btu
R-0.68
R=0.68 R=0.32
R = 0.68
0.32+ 3.03
0.32+ 0.68
5-5
tnb 2
n2
k:0'2
_hr_F);
kp =314 Btu-in
te _hr_F)
81
0120
0.652 m2clW
5-10
t Framinq
0.17 0.65 1.32
1.0
2x4 stud
Gypsum board
lnside surface
otal
/ + U11/A
14'5
16 16^nd A =lan
A'
=L R
/ (r',..-tt'
-r)
A
= =
by instructors fr distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only t the texibook has been adopted' ny ther reprcluclin *nh
o^:.:::Ei::::":!,::i:,i'''y''o"!:*!
-,
82
5-12
RzQ x 4\ Rr (2 x 6) wind. 0'17 0'17 1. Outside surface, 15 mPh 0'79 0'79 2. Siding 1'32 1'32 3. Sheathing 11'0 19'0 4. lnsulation, 4'27 2x4 6.7 2x6 0'32 0'32 5. GYPsum wall board 0'68 0.68 6. lnside surface 18'55 28.98 Total
ssume 15 mph
Ut
=
5-13
0.0s
ool = 35'2
Use t."rn
R
=
50 F and t
1.oz(rrr
S-3a]
or 0.18
m2clW
5-14 5-15
Assume tr"rn
R
=
50
F;
t = 10 F
Btu
or 0.62
(.2
_c/W)
[abte 5-3a]
qc/ = U"t
Find U for highly reflective surfaces because radiation will be minimal. This will give a good approximation for the convection
component. From Table 5-2a,l1orz', heat flow down
83
Uc=1/R = 1l(2x4.55) =
q./
or
U^ _
0'11
= o.625; q.
Q/A..
='n l( 'L1oO]
, _ '4 |l
_[ l' l _1o]
/ a '.4l 'l
l'
E : 0.82,
-]'
'
o
_s.ol
5-16
U*
11
- F) - F)
20'
g'
Ad
*
U
I I_
= 117 '2
f(
+
U*A*
U66
U*;n*in
f( _F)
or about
'72\ t(m' _
c)
5-17
q/
= U(ti _to)
a not-for-profit basis fo testing or instructiona] purposes ony to Exerpts from this work may be reproduced by instrutors for distribution on penitted uJo|t.. ny her reprucion or rnstion of his work beyond h students enrolled in courses tbr wbich the texibook has been : : -'-.41-^ ^^^'',.:/a! ^''''av;" "'-6!$
84
ft2
F) / Btu
fitl the
airspace'
Remove R for metal bath and plaster of 0.47 (f''. - tt' - f)/Btu and ) \"' add R for acoustical tile and insulation' Ceiling, R" = 1 / 0'8; insulation'
R1e61=20.68; U = 1/R =
R='1
1'00;
-Fi
q/ = o'o48 (72 - 5) =
5-18
Uw=
9!+=oe71wr(m2-c) \ 0.1761
Wl(m2
Ud = 2.27
Uwin =
-a)'
4'62w1(m2 -
")'
+
w U
= =
U*A*
U6
+
35
Uwinwin
+
1x35) u _ Q.e7
(2.27x2)
(4'62x8)
-_
2.16 w
(m2
- c)
5-19
U = O.14 Btu / (hr
_
ft2
- F) or about .85 W
1m2-c1
5-20
0.68
Ri = 0.68
not-for_profit basis for testing or nstructiona purposes only to Excts from thts work may be reprodued by instrutors for distribution on a reprouction or rfistion of his ork beyond th permied students enolled in courses for which the tetbok has been adopted. ny ther
85
R =
'1
0.25 R, = 2.03
Ro =
'375
1.25 -F)
ft2
R = 1 '375
1'25
Ro = 0.17
R* = '1.95
5-21
Computed: Ri
Ri
+RgaRo=0.96=R
-r);
or 5.92 wl(m2
-c)
computed
_r);
Table 5-5a
or 5.91
l(m2
_c);
/'
5-22 (a)
From Table
5-5
-f( -r)
1
r atu
.O1
5-23 (a)
Uw
l l,.Jfl
11
_F) _| l
(-'_c) -)
ante 5-1o
xerpts from this work may be reprodued by instrutors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in ourses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny ther reproducion or trnsltion f his ork beyond tht permited
..-_''r-] ^_':'_^'!
^'.'. ^'.4'
86
tavg
A
5-23 (continued)
:22
=35'8
(2'44
(12
C)
C) Table 5-11}Chicao.lllinois
Figure 5-7
tg__35'8-22 = 13.8;
q*
=
t:72re2c)
qn = 0.029 (20
5-24
R"
R1,
Un =
0.029 Table
5-10
Rrin =
Re
#"+
36.6
U" 5-25
g.1) =
22.6
-: + (1 tO.4s): 0029
\
36.6
-f)
or 0.155
Wl(m'z-c)
Btu / hr or 0'42k\^
(b) Refer to problem solution 5-23 Q* = 0.044 (4 x20 x7) (72 - 13.8) = 1434
Qn =
5-26
Rins =
4'1z
(rrr
_f( _r)l
tu
O.24Btu/(hr
-'f(
Excerpts fom this work may be reproduced by instrutors for distribution on a not-for-prfit basis for testing r instructional purposes only to bSecti.s1[]7ny nn{t]o 1076'b;l.)l-l-"/-^4'-')-"}
studentsenrolledincoursesforwhichthetextbokhasbeenadopted. 'l-''':'''
nyherreproductionrrnstionofhisrkbeyondhpermied
:"'''.^'''
/ .*'
87
0.85 Btu/(hr
-f(
=
U'P
(ti
5-27
t =
72 F (22 C) Assumed
= R5 +
R"
R1, Ub
11 Table
5-9
Rfi,.,,
=R1
5-28
Ub
: 1.14
=
Rn
++ 1.14
c)
or
-F)
5-29
(1 t4.6) =6.611m2-c1
-ft2
lw
- r)
5-30
q/A=
tl
-ts)=
(ti
-tt)/Rt=(tt-t)lR2
(112.6)+ 0.7 +0.12=
0.90
Rl=Rgyp+R1nr+R1, R1 =
= ti _UnR1(ti
Ecerpts frm this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for_pofit basis fr testing or instrutional purposes only to students enolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted . ny ther reproduction or trnsltion of his rk beynd ht permied '.''-:-' ^'"-^-:' "'-5{i ' hi 9"};.-" a ^'' ]9 ^.}L- oaA L-;.^) c'-''^'
. . .
88
Rrr, +Ri
I 12.6) +0'12='20
or 65.8 F
5-31
q/A=Un
(ti
5-32
= 0.2 Btui(hr-ft2-F);
Figure 5-8
8=
U'P
=
(t1
_to);
W(m-C)
U'ni
(a) q/P = 0.81 (70 - 5) = 52'7 (b) q/P = 1.37 (70 - 5) = 89'1
5-33
Q=
t / R'
L=
100ft
R'=
2kL
_'nL-o--@J _3"10012)
R'
= 8.
12
of pipe wall.
purposes only to for distribution on a not_for-profit basis for testing or instrutional Excerpts from this work may be reprodued by instructors ht permited ork "., uJo|i"a. ny oher reprucin r rnslioi f this '1-"4' beyond hu, '' : Students enollod in courses fbr h'ih the textbook "' ^'
L- Q.nl;n-" n ^.' '
/ hr;
q/L
= 34.488tu/(hr-ft)
Q=t /R'
R'g
2 (1.4) 100
=4.98x10-3 C/W
'
60-5
5-35
Moisturewillmovetowardtheinside.Locatethevapor
insulation' retardent on the outer side of the retardent is placed on the The insulation will beome wet if the plywood would probably \/arp inside or left out entirely and the
and rot.
_t)lR2
O'45 +1
Rr
R2
=
=
f(
-F) / Btu
- ft2
-12'13(hr
-F)
/ Btu
tt=t_R1Uo(t_to)=7O_(1.13xO'O71)(7O-1O)=65.2F
purposes only to basis for esting or instructiona' for distribution n a no-for-prol yt.pern:ted lnay be reproduced by insructors Excerps rom his \rk j:*tbook has *9,i'"l'Ji."o"'i,-:';;;;;;;;;;;"ii"111i117; ,:y::'::'|"*o students enrolled in courses fo ^: lh.
90
of air to surfaces
tdp=37F<65F-ocondensationexpected
(c)Since|z=lS.3Fismuchlessthanthedewpoint,condensation
would ocur'
1' Place vapor retardent at the location of interface
5-37
Assume infiltration is negligible ufAf (ti - t") = UwA*(t. - to)+ U'P(t. - to)
rilcp(tc - to)
to =
* _ UrAtt, c _
1o F
'1'5l0'8 =1'88
=1; 'Rf
Rt =O'92+1'88+O'92 =3'72;Ut=0'27
rr -a'R* "*_Rw
O'80
U'P=1.8x(30+60)2=324
,h.p
=
20 x 0.075 x 60 x o '24
+ (288 + 324 +
= 21
'6 Btu/(hr-F)
=
21'6)10
484+288+324+21'6
36.85 F
5-38
only to basis fo 1e^sting or lnstructional purposes ' by instructors for distribution on a not-for-pofrt Excrpts from this work may be rproduced of his ork beyond ht permited t.d. ,-ny otlr", ,rproEu.in r rnslio -'", "* students enolled in courses fr whih the textbo"t "J"p
91
t1 =
(b) U :
Rr
= 0.17 + 0.33
2'72
ti =to+R1U(ti
(c)
lf room air leaks into the air space for the case of no roof deck
t6p =
50
5-39
(ti
-to) / Rr
= (ti
-ti)
/ R1
0.68
tl
= ti _
ft,'
_ to) = 22_
ffir'+17)
= 3.98 C or 39
tdp = 9.5
purposS ony Exerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instrutional ,.,-r.':'!!i|',?! .o,,'",'to. *ni:| j:;bo has been adopted.
;;#;;;;ln
lh
o'l
to
"!!1:
":::::i:::::":!,*r::!''n! 'y,'o**o
92
5-40
_ (UlAl + Uzz )ti + 2Uggto + Uzzto '' 2sg + UzAz * Ull * UqA
UrAr
U33
0.09x3x8
= 1.08
UzAz
UA=0.09x3x20=5'4
r _(4.4+15.4)70+(2 x 0.8 x o) + (15.a x o) -S5.8F L6= " (2 x 1.08) + 15.4 + 14.4 + 5.4
Place water pipes in this space with some caution.
5-41
Uf
)(t -tg ) ; ti =
72 F
tg = turg
- - 37.6 _23
;
= 14'6 F or B C
+
Ut =
&
Rf
(2 x 0.92) + (1 5/0.8)
2.1 = 5.82
ft2 - F)
=.164 Table
5_
9;
Uot =
0.029 able
_ 1o
tb=
ltrti
+(
U**
+ Ubf f )tg
U11
+ U** *Urr
+ (.1G4 x 80 x 7 + 0.029 x 4OO)1a.6
Exerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instrutional purposes only to students enrolled in courses fr whih the textbook has ben adopted. ny oher reproucion or rnslii qf his ork beyond h nermied by Seins 07 r ! 08 n! n." t o7A t r;lDs <}-t-^ .^^',-]-Ll t 1: ^^...'- -
basis fr by instructr9 jor distribution on a not-for-prrt Excerpts frm this work may be reprodued textbook has been enrlled in ourses for whih the testing or instructinal purposes on1y to studes ]07 or of this work beyond tht permitted by Sections adopted. ny other reproduction or trns,ltion is unlwfu' ct withut the permission of the copyright owner 0B f the ]976 Unitei Sttes Copyright John should be'ddressed ti the Peimission Deprtment' Requests fr permissioln or furthir"infrmtion iiria son, nr, ] 1 ] Rier Street, Hoboken' NJ 07030'
CHAPTER
6-1
PSYC may be used to find the Refer to Table B-1 . The computer program R' humidity ratio from t66 and assumed 100%
Wind Direction, deg. CCW from N
(a) Pendleton,
OR L
11
6 13 4 12
140
(b) Milwaukee, Wl
(c) Anchorage,
-2 -9
290
10
(d) Norfolk,
VA
24
18
340 360 20
0.003
.0
(e) lbuquerque, NM
(f)
I
7
Charleston, SC
28
0.003
6-2 possible condensation on inside Design relative humidity is determined by (which is the maximum dewof glass. Find glass surface temperature poi;t temperature of the inside air allowed)' q/A = U(t' - to) = Cr(tr - b) t= 72"F; t., = glass Surface temperature U = 0.65 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)' Table 5-5a
c1 uhi
C = 1'172
111
94
tr=
Uti + to (Cr
cl
- U)
City
(a) Caribou, ME (b) Birmingham, (c) Cleveland, (d) Denver,
lndoor
T, oF
Outdoor
, oF
tr=
top,
Design or
oF
RH-%
26.2
46.1
Max.
72
-10
35.5
50.2
72 72 72
23
b
3
o
C
42.6
41.3 57.3
34.6
32.9
59.9*
CO
72 72 72
39
-'16
32.8 44.0
23.6 36.5
Rapid City
*
6-3
Assume that the weather strip does not change the convetive heat loss. From Figure 6-2, Cp = 0.3. Using Eq. (6-7b) with the air density of 0 'F, the pressure difference due to wind is
:
P. =
[o
z.(y.rrbm_ ft)
ft')\
l'\
mph) (o.rnr.o
lbf_s')
P* =
0'037in'wg
^y
puoses only to Excets from this work may be reprduced by instrutors for distibution n a not-for-profit basis or testing or instructional
nytherreproducionorrnslionofhisrkbeyondthtPermied studentsnrolledincursestbrwhichthetextbookhasbeenadopted. by Sections 07 or 08 ofthe ]976 United Sttes Copyright ctthout the permssin ofhe copyrigh oner is unlaful-
95
Loose fit with non-\/eather-stripped, K - 6; a lL = O.75 cfm/ft Loose fit with weather-stripped, K= 2; Q/L = O'24 cfmtft
Total length of crack, = [(3 x 3) + (2 x 5)] x 9 = 171 ft Using Ll2for calculation, then Q,, = 0.75 x 17112= 64.1 cfm, Q, = 0'24x17112= 2O'5 cfm
I
Now Q, =
rh cr(t1
to)
cp(t;
tr)
Q,r-8,,
Q,,
-At-4, Qt
64.t-20.5
64.r
= 0.68
Also, (Kl
6-4
- K)l1=
From Fig. 6-2, Cp = 0'52tor windward wind' Assuming standard sea level air density, the pressure difference due to the wind speed of 13 m/s is
P., =
z.( .okg
t i/-s'
ry] s) _*
_ 53.6P
(a) From Table 6-2, K = 1 for tight-fitting. Then, from Fig. 6-1, Q/L = 0.60 L/m-s Q = 0.60 x (0.9 + 2'0) x2 = 3l8_L
ssuming that the wind speed and wind direction are the Same as the given conditions for the bank at Rapid City, SD, the heating load (at -20'6
basis for testing or instructional puoses only to Ecerpts from this work may be reprodued by instructors fo distibution on a not-fbr-prfit f his rk beyond ht permited in ourses fbr which the textbook has been adopted. ny oher repriucion or rnslion students enol1ed rJnited States Copyright cilhou he permission fhe copyrigh owner is unlwful' ]08 ofthe 976
by Sections
107
or
--6.C outdoor temp. and 72'C indoor temp.) due to the door infiltration can
be calculating using Eq. (6-2b) as:
a,
(:
. o
('
.#l
r,
* }r)rr,
1_zo.o1)"
c=
393.tW
(b) From Table 6-2, = 2 for average-fitting' Then, from Fig. 6-1, Q/L = 1'25 L/m-s
'1
.25x (0.9
+ 2.0)
x 2=7-25--Lls
, _(', .zs* 0
OO'+)
('.rrfil rrrn?)o,
x2 19f2-Lls
e20.6))" C = 819 0W
(c) From Table 6-2, K = 6 for average-fitting' Then, from Fig. 6-1, Q/L = 3.40 L/m-s
= 3.40
x (0.9
+ 2.0)
=(l
2*
_2227'6W
6-5
From Figure 6-2, C = 0.52' Using Eq. (6-7b) with the standard air density, the pressure difference due to wind is
p _ \-
o'sz (o
s#)
(zz-en-
r2
#)'
o.rnro :n:
^\ lbflft')
r,
P'
0't35in'wg
Neglecting stack effect and pressurization, P - 0.135 in' water From Table 6-1, K = 2 for average-fitting with non-weather-stripped. From Fig. 6-1, Q/L = 0.60 cfm/ft. L" = [(3 x2.5) + (2 x 4)]x3 = 46.5 ft
puoses only t on a not-for_profit basis for testing or instrutronal Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instrutors for distribution
studentsenrlledinourses1brwhihthetextbookhasbeenadopted. nyotherreproduc'onorrnsionfthisrkbeyondhtpermited permisiin ofhe cpyrigh oner is unlwful' by Sectins 107 or ]08 oftnn isri {Jnied SeS Copyrigh chu ie
= 0.60 x
b-b (a) The wind effect is assumed to be independent of height and pressure differences due to wind are the same as those given in Ex. 6-1.
3'd
Windward 0.03
Sides
Leeward
gth
orientation P,
Floor: P"/C
= 0.037;
P,
0.03 0.03
water
Foor:
P./Co _ -0.100; P,
(b) For Bitlings, MT, design conditionS are to = -7oF, t= 72"F, = 28o/o. From Table 6-3, K = 0.66 for conventional urtain wall.
ir will infiltrate on windward side only on 3'd floor. Windward - 3E floor QiA = 0.15 cfm/ft2; Q = 0.15(120 x 10) = 180 cfm Then 9 = (1 80 x 60/1 2.4)(0.24)(72 - (-7)) = 16,514 Btu/hr " Q,. = (180 x 60/12.4)(0.005 - 0.000)1060 = 4,616 Btu/hr Qt = Q, + 8r. = *1-3oBtu1h [3'd Floor]
gth
Floor
- All exfiltration
Qt
=
otur
on this floor.
19th
Floo
puoses only t EXerptS from this wrk may be reproduced by instructors for distributioIr on a not-for-pro1it basis for testing or instrutional h permitted students enrolled in courses tbr which the textbok has been adopted. ny her reprotluctin r trnsltion of this ork beyond by Secions 07 or ] 08 of he 976 t'Jnited Stes Copyrigh c 1ihou he permission f the cpyrigh lner is unrful.
986-7
(a) Windward
Doors: Double vestibule type P = o.146 in' water, assume 1/8 in' racks Q/L = 16 cfm/ft tFg. 6-7] , L -- 32 ft [Ex' 6-2] Q = 16 x 32 x0'7 = 358 cfm (Assume30o/oreductionforvestibuledoors)
6-7 (Cont.)
Side Doors: Double vestibule tYPe P = -o'o52 in' water' 1/8 in' cracks Q = O.O (negative pres' dff')
(b) Windward: P = O146 in' water' K Q/A = o.2o cfm/ft2 [Fig. 6-6]
=
A=120x10=1200ft2
Q
= 0.29(120) =
240 cfm
Sides: P
[Fig' 6-6]
Total infiltration for the walls is 8* = 240 + O.O + 120 = 360 cfm
(c) Totat infiltration is sum for doors and walls' From x.6-2'for leeward door' Q = 179 cfm' Then the total door filtration is
Qo=358+179=537cfm(neglectinfil.duetotraffic). Andthetotalwallinfiltrationis360cfm,thenQ=897cfm
only to basis for testing o instructional puoses instuctors fo dlstribution on a not-for-profit xcerpts tiom this wk may be reproduced by ork beyond hct permied textbook has been uaot,i 'ny ornr, ,rprort|uron'o''trnston-ths students enolled in ourses t. *-'}, the per-ission of he cpyright oner is unfu' Cpyrgh' ''i"rii'i"'' Sectins 1 07 or ] 08 o7 n' to:ii'inir-d Ses by 'i"
9V
70oF For Charleston, WV: to = 1 1oF' ti = q, = (897 x ll \ 'z)(o'z4)(70-11) = 65'25 Btu/hr q. = (897 x 60/1 1'72)(1060)(O'OO5 - O OOO) = 24'338 Btu/hr q = q" + 9. = 89,363 Btu/hr
6-8
pressure difference due (a) Assuming standard sea level air density, the
o.o,urt\'(zo*pt *1.461L:\ /
|.9/+ tbfl
,,_
fi,J
=o 197in,water
- } E:l, n*l:
P" = O'13 x O'8O = 0'104 in' water 1: h = 108 ft., Pr/Co = O.13, and in' water 5: h = 60 ft., P, = 0'065 x O'8O = 0'052 -0'068 in' water 15: h = 72ft., P, = -O'O85 x 0'8O = -0j28 in' water 20: h = 132ft., PS = -Q'160 x O'80 =
puoses only to basis fr testing r instructional by instrutos fo distribution on a not-for-profit h permtted Excerpts tiom this work may^b reprodued the textbook *' 119iJ]1'^"'i";:i:j!i::;:;:;:':""":jfi,':i:,i{:x:x#,.beyond students enrolled n couSes tor whih he coyrigh owner is unlwful of
Windward
Leeward
i,.'i-n
;}i::j;fii,Z'i'"f!"in:ii'ini,a s**,
copy,ign,'a;,\iiio"i'',
& r *--,-,
100
Flnr
1
15 20
(b)
P 0.1 53
0.101
-0.019 -0.79
6-8 (Cont.)
.*
& \d tl
-o.2
-.1
0.0
R.
ilt. lrate
".-,t
.1
.2
*E*-lfi$ffard
LErard
lnfiltration
- Windward Sides,
Foor Exfiltration _ Wind\/ard Sides, from 14th to 2oth Leeward Sides, from 2nd to 2Oth Floor
1rt floor, lnfiltration on all sides windows
(c)
for tight fitting. Windward Walls: from Table 6-3, K = 0'22 f rorn f ig. 6-6, Q/A = O.OB cfm/ft2'
A=(1+60)1 2=1920f(
= O.O8
puoses only to basis for testng or instrutional by instructrs for distributon on a not-for-profit Ecets fom this work may be reproduced r*rin-hs ork beyond h Permied textbook ,u, ..n uipi"J . ny other reproa|ur'r,in-o, students enrolled in courses for whih the of he cpyright owner is unlful' Sttes Copyrght ct ithou ie permision by Sections 07 r ] 08 o7 rnr'i 9ii'i'ie
11
for tight fitting' Leeward walls: from Table 6-3, K = 0'22 From Fig. 6-6, Q/A = O'OO5 cfmlft2' A = (1OO + 60)12 = 1920 f(
Q =0.005x1920= 10cfm
for 1/8 in' crack' windward Doors: from Fig. 6-7, Q/L = 17 cfm/ft 6-8 (Cont.) For vestibule doors, assume a 35% reduction' Q/L = 17 x 0.65 = 1 1'05 cfm/ft L = (3 x 6.75) + (2 x 6) = 32'25 ft Q = 11.05 x 32.25 = 356 cfm
cfm/ft for 1/8 in' crack' Leeward Doors: from Fig. 6-7, Q/L = 1.5 or vestibule doors, assum e a 35o/o reduction' Q/L = 1.5 x 0.65 = 0'975 cfm/ft = O.975x32'25 = 31 cfm
negative pressure differentials for (d) and (e) lnfittration rate is zero due to
to = -1
1oF'
t1
= 70"F
'
[Note:t=70-(-11)=81oFisinconsistentwithProblem6-8where to be minor]
error is assumed t = 40"F was used; however, an floor' (a) From Prob. 6-8, Q = 551 cfm for 1't Btu/hr q, = (5s1 , dotl 2'15)(0'24)(70 - (-11)) = 52'896 o.ooo) = 11,537 Btu/hr o, = lbSt x 60/1 2.15)('1060)(0.O04 Qt= Qr* Qr. =64,433 Btuihr
(b) and (c) qt = O'O due to zero infiltration
puoses only to basis fo'testing r instrutional by instrutos for distribution on a not-for-profit his wrk beyond ht permied Excets frm this wrk may be reproded o' oon'otionf the ,.o" oi i'"r'i""n uopt.a. ,q"y "rn}')ir"ai.iion is unl:wful' students enrol'ed in courses for whih tie permsion of the copyrigh owner f the 97 6 t]nited SeS "iyriii by Sectins 107 r 1 08 'i,thout
ii
102
6-10
to =
-4oF, ti = 70oF'
windows, doors, Transmission heat loss (negtecting infiltration) through walls, and roofs can be determined by Eq. 5-19 as: q = UA(t -to)
Windows: A
From Table 5-5a, U = 0.55 Btu/(hr - ft2 -'F1; q = 0.55(144)(70 - (-4)) = 5,861 Btuihr
= (3 xa)1
2= 144ft2;
Doors:
2=243ft2', From Table 5-8, U = O'28 Btu/(hr - ft2 - 'F); (assume panel with metal storm door) q = 0 28 (243)(70 - (-4)) = 5,035 Btu/hr
= (3 x 6.75)1
wails:
64)21- 144- 60.75 = 1395.25ft2', From Table 5-4a, U = 0.14 Btu/(h r -ftz - 'F);
= 8[(36 +
O.
Q=
Roof/Ceilinq: A = 36 x 64 = 2304 ft2', rorn Example 5-3, U = O.83 Btu/(hr _ ft2 _ 'F1; q = 0.083(2304)(70 - (-4)) = 14,151 Btu/hr
can be determined Transmission heat loss through the slat-on-grade floor bY Eq 5-23 as:
Q = U'P(ti -to)
Floor:
p = (36 +64)2=200ft; R-value u' = o.8o Btu/(hr - ft - F), from Fig' 5-8 (assume insulation of 5.4 (hr - ft2 -'F)/ Btu and d = 2ft)' q = 0.8(2OOX7O - (-4)) = 11'840 Btu/hr
heat losses; Finally, total transmission heat loss is the sum of all
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iriiiiiou
103 qt
6-1
1
5l.Btut
standard air density, From Figure 6-2, Cp= 0'52. Using Eq' (6-7b) with the the pressure difference due to the wind of 15 mph is
(0
LP,
5[ 0.0765y\fr' )
z.(nllbry__s2 _
lbf
P*
pressurization' thus For a low-rise building, neglect stack effect and P1 = 0.058 in. water
and doors' From TabIes 6-'1 and 6-2, = 1 for tight-fitting windows From Fig. 6-1, Q/L = O.'13 cfm/ft' ft L" = [(3 x 3) + (2 x a)]x3 + (3+6.75)x2x3 = 109'5 e = 0.13 x 109.5 = 142 dm,
9s
=
Qr=
Qt=
70oF'
Windows: q
wails: *r,
Doors:q=0.28(243)(70-2)=4'627Btulhr
= 0.55(1 44)(70
2) = 5'386 Btu/hr
13,283 Btu/hr Q = 0.14(1 395. 25)(70 - 2) = ootrcuno: q = O.083(23O4)(70 -2)= 13'004 Btu/hr q = O.8(2OX70 _2) = 10'880 Btu/hr
or instructional puoses only to for dlstribution n a not-fbr-profit basis for testing Ecets from this work may be reproduced by instrutrs th permitted . ny other repro3''o' or rnsltion his ork beyond t u, .", ui.J students enrolled in ourses fbr which the textbok per*isiion of he copyrigh wner is unwful' /ii i"i.d Sror", copyrsnt ii 'iiiou i" by Sectins ] 07 or 1 0B q 'n""i
Total:
6-13
104
qt =
4loBtu/hr
oF; ti 70"F = Memphis, TN; to = 21 R*= 0.92+ 1.55 + 0.99 + 1.77 +0.17 = 5.4 (Tables 5-1 a'5-2a) U* = 115.4 = O.'185 Btu/(hr - ft2 - 'F) Us = 0.81 Btu/(hr - f( - "F) (Table 5-5a) s = 6xax3 = 54 ft2 n* = (40xl O)-54 = 346 ft2 q,= 0.185 x 346 x (70 - 21) = 3,136 Btu/hr qs = 0.81 x 54 x (70 - 211= 2,143 Btu/hr
Qtotrl =
5z auk!
6-14
Concord, NH; to = -2F, ti = 70oF R*= 5.4-0.99+ 3.0=7.41 U* = .135 Btu/(hr _ ft2 - "F) Us = 0.81 Btu/(hr -f( - 'F) (From problem 6-13) q* = 0.135 x 346 x [70 - (-2)]= 3,363 Btu/hr qn = 0.81 x 54 x (72) = 3,149 Btu/hr
Qtotr =
1Buer
6-15
6-16
(a) q=9s vs
(i'
iu)
puoses only to for distibution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional Excets from this work may be reprodued by instuctrs repriuctn or trnstion f his ork beyond th permited udo|ted ' Any other students enolled in ourses tbl which the textbook t-'as b"en Act ithou tie permisiion of he cpyrigh oner is unlcnful' by Secins 07 or ] 08 7 *e l ol i ined Stotn, Copyrght
105 cfm
2.7
=
(b)
q = rh cp(t, -
t..)
9
vs
cp(ts
tr)
Q'
;r==
q,
(250,00)(14.6)
6-17
SHF
EetS frm this work may be reprodued by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instrutional puoses ony to permied students enolled in ourses for whih the textbok has been adopted. ny other reproduction or trnslion of this work beynd ht by Secions 107 or ] 08 of the 97 6 Unied Sttes Cpyright c ,ithout the permission f he copyrigh oner is unlnful.
106
p
i
n
ffi
Excerpts frm this work may be reprodued by instrutors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for tSting or instructional puoses only to
by Sections
nyotherreproductionortrnsltionfthisorkbeyondthpermitted studentsenlledinoursesforwhichthetextbookhasbeenadopted. ] 07 or 108 of he 976 [Jnited SteS Cpyright ct ihout the permission of the copyright oner i3 unlful.
Exets from this work may be reproduced by instrutrs for distribution n a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to students enrled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny ther reproduction r trnsltion fthis wrk beyond tht permitted by Sections ]07 or 0B of the 976 United Sttes Cpyright ct without the permissin f the copyright owner is unlwful. Requests for permission or further informtion should be ddressed to the Permission Deprtment, Jhn Wiley & Sns, nc, ] ] Rier Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030'
Chapter 7
7-1
Then, convert Daylight Saving Time to Local Standard Time using Eq. 7-5 Next, determine the equation of time from Table 7-2 Finally, determine Local Solar ime using Eq. 7-6 he following table Summarizes the solutions of the problem.
Location
Lincoln, NE Casper, WY Pendleton, OR London, UK
Norfolk,
Longltue'
76.2 96.75 106.47 118.85 0.45
Standard Meridian, o
VA
75 90 105 120 0
Local
LocalSolar llme
12:00:00
M -2'41 min 7:52:47 A|' PM -2.41min 11:30:35M 9:00:00 AM -2'41 min 8:51:43 M 2:00:00 PM -2'41min 2:02:11P 6:00:00 PM -2.41min 5:55:47 PM
8:00:00
7-2
our angle (negative for morning and positive for afternoon) can be determined by
107
7-3
os(h). os()
- _sin(/).
sin()
Location
MT orlando, FL Anchorage, AL Honolulu, l
Billings,
Latitude,'N
'i"J;::',3" Cos(h)
20.6 20.6 20.6 20.6
',|1:ff ',t''i
4:29 5:13
AM AM 3:07 M 5:26 AM
7:30 AM 6:46 AM
8:52 AM
6:33 AM
33.0 deg. N
on Sep 21,
= 0.0 deg.
: os(/).
os(ft). os()
sin(/). sin()
= 0.593
cos{ = s ;
= -0.478
-"o,
nn a nnt-fnr_nrnfit hqqis fr testin or instructional puoses only to Exerpts from this work may be reDroduced bv instnlctrq f'r rliqtrih,lfinn
108
7-5
At sunris e,
_ 0"; sin(B)
'
os(h)
'
os() _ _sin(/)
' sin()
_tan(/)' tan()
(a)
^^^ "oo
_ sin _
cos /
os sin / os h
cos
= O.751
(b)
cos h
= 58 deg'
_ossin lcosh
=-0'751
7-6
Maximumsolaraltitudeangle,willoccuratsolarnoon,h=0
]09From Eq.
7-1O,
CO:
(a)
Denver,
= 39.75 deg. N.
For north latitude, / is positive and greater than |rrr| so we need largest positive value of .
From Table 7-2, 'u" = 23'45 deg. and hence '", = 73.70 deg. Therefore, maximum solar altitude angle occurs at solar noon on June 21.
(b)
For north latitude, / is positive and greater than |rrr| so we need largest positive value of . From Table 7-2, 'u"= 23.45 deg. and hence 'u"= 70.68 deg. Therefore, maximum solar altitude angle occurs at solar noon on June 21.
(c)
Sydney, ustralia:
/=
33.95 deg. S.
|/|
\/e
need
From Tabe 7-2, 'u, = -23'45 deg. and hence '", = 79.50 deg. Therefore, maximum solar altitude angle occurs at solar noon on Dec 21.
7-7
on Nov 21, Eo
= '13.8 min
instrutional puoses nly to Excerpts from this orktnay be reproduced by instrutors for distibution on a not-fr-profit basis for testing or
l . _-__t!^lj.-^^''-^^^
''^'^-^).'^1:^'"^-|-^aclntinnnfthj.srkbeondhDermied
110
LSf
= 15.50
45.95 deg.
on Nov 21,
= -19.8 deg.
Using Eq' 7-8 to calculate solar altitude, = 21.36 deg. Then using q.7-11 to calculate solar azimuth; from north) Surface azimuth;
= 12+180 = 192
y= 1226.56-1921= 34.56 deg. 7-8 Using q' 7-13b to calculate angle of incidence for a vertical surface
= 39.92 deg.
7-9
For Ottawa, Ontario on July 21,
XetS from this work may be reproduced by lnstrutors for distribution n a not-for-profit basis fr testing or instructional purposos only to studerrts enroled in curses for whih the tcxtbook has been adopted. ny her reroductio or r1fisin f his work beyond ht ermited
Equation of ime: oT
= -6.2 min
EDSI
4:00 pm
42.78 deg'
Using Eq. 7-8 to calculate solar altitude, = 47"16 deg. Using q'7-13c to calculate angle of incidence for a horizontal surface, = cos-1(sin(47.16)) = 42'84 deg.
(b) At
sunset,
cos(fr
0 and sinp
=Q
):
_tan(/). tan()
LSf
LST
(L'
_ S(4min/deg-t4l)
- oT
+L
=
EDS
7-10
= 19.49 +(75.67-75)-(4/60)-(-6.2/60)+1
For Philadelphia, PA on July 21, Longitude'' L= 75.25 deg. W Latitude: / = 39.88 deg. N Equation of Time: oT = -6.2 min Declination: = 20.6 deg. Eastern Daylight Savings Time: EDSI = 10:30 am
xerpts from this work may be reprodued by instrutors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis fr testing or instrutional puoses nly to students enrol]ed in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. nyl other renro,l1ft;h ^v lf.l^i^,^ ^{lL]d 'l^yL o1'^') t1nt ^trmtted
112
(a) Using q' 7-13c to calculate angle of incidence for a horizontal surface,
= cos-1(sin(49.42)) = 40.58 deg.
(b) For vertical surface facing southeast, Surface Tilt; = 90 deg., and Surface azimuth; = 135 deg. (clockwise from north)'
20.7 deg'
(c) For inclined surface faing south, Surface Tilt; = (90-40) = 50 deg., and Surface azimuth', = 180 deg. (clockwise from north)'
65.7 deg.
46.'t 1 deg.
7-11
7-12
7-13
instructional puoses only to . Exerpts from this work may be reprodued by instrutors f,or distribution n a not-or-profit basls for testing or hl permted enrolled in courses for which the texook has been adpted. ny other rerlu"',--:':::':::!*::::]'-g:,od students
113
Longitude' Lt= 46.87 deg. W Latitude: l= 68.02 deg. N Equation of Time: EOT = -6.2 min
Declination: = 20.6 deg. Solar Parameters; = 346'4 Btu/hr-ft2 or 1093 Wm2, B = 0.186, and C = 0.138 Eastern Daylight Savings Time: DSr = 2:00 pm Surface Tilt; = 60 deg. Surface azimuth, SW; / = 225 deg' (clockwise from north)
.58 deg.
__
Using q.7-12 to calculate wall-solar azimuth, y= 5'2 deg' Using q' 7-13a to calculate angle of incidence, = 7.45 deg.
Gry =
252'51 Btu/hr_ft2 or
Using q' 7-16a, G = 250.28 Btu/hr-ft2 or 790'03 Wm2 Using Eqs, 7-18 and 7-2O, G= 26'13 Btu/hr-ft2 or 82'46 Wm2
Therefore, total clear sky irradiation is276.51 Btu/hr-ft2 or 872.49 Wm2 7-14
Given lnformation: Date: June 21 Longitude' Lt= 96'0 deg' W Latitude: / = 36.0 deg. N quation of ime: oT = -1 .4 min Declination: = 23.45 deg.
puoses only to Eerpts fiom this wrk may be reprdued by instrutors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis or testing or instructional f his wrk beyond h permited students enrolled in ourses fb whih the textbook has been adopted. ny ther rerucion r rJ'lsalion
114
Solar Parameters; = 346.1 Btu/hr-ft2 or 1092 Wm" ' B = 0' 1 85, and C = 0.137 Central Daylight Savings Time: CDSI = 8:00 pm Surfae ilt; = 90 deg. Surface azimuth, SW; / = 225 deg' (clockwise from north) Reflectance from water; Ps = 0'25
Using Eq. 7-6,
LSf
= 18.58 Hr
= 7 '02
deg'
G, =
Wm'
7-15
Given lnformation: Date: lar 21 Latitude: / = 56.0 deg. N Equation of Time: o = -7'5 min Declination: = 0.0 deg. Solar Parameters; = ao.g Btu/hr-ft2 or 1164\Nlm', B = 0'149' and C = 0.109 Local Solar Time: LSf = 12:00 Pm Surface Tilt; = 90 deg' Surface Azimuth, S; = 180 deg' (clockwise from north) Clearness number; CN = 0'95 Diffuse Reflectance from Sno\/; n = 0'7
Hour angle: h = 0.0 deg.
puoses ony to distribution on a not-for_profit basis for testing or instrutional Excerpts from this work may b reprodued by instructors for of his rk befrr] .hot nermiti has been adopted. 'qn thei ,eroucion or rnstion students enrolled in courses for which the textbok
115
Using Eq. 7-8 to calcuate solar altitude, = 34'0 deg' Using q' 7-11 to find solar azimuth;
Using q' 7-13b to calculate angle of incidence, Using q.7-15, Gtv Using q'
7
Wm'
or 104. 1 \lm2
G^: PrF'r(sln+C)G'o
where F*n can be determined from q.7-24' Therefore, GR = 62'8 Btu/hr-ft2 or 198.1 \lm'
7-16
Given lnformation: Date: Aug 2'1 Latitude: I = 32.0 deg. N Equation of Time: oT = -2'4 min Declination: = 12.3 deg. Solar Parameters; = 350.9 Btu/hr-ft2 or 1107 \llm2, B = 0'182, and C = 0.134 Local Solar Time: LSf = 10:00 am Surface Tilt; = 45 deg. Surface azimuth, SW; / = 225 deg. (clockwise from north) Diffuse Reflectance from ground; n = 0.3
Hour angle: h = -30.0 deg.
116
Using q.7-11 to find solar azimuth; = 118.7 deg. (clockwise from north) Using q.7-12 to calculate wall-solar azimuth, r= 106.3 deg. Using q.7-13b to calculate angle of incidence, Using q' 7-15,
Gruo = =
61.5 deg.
'7
\m"
\'lm2
',11.9) = 178.6 Btu/hr-ft2 or Using Eqs. 7-25 , Gt= (34.4 + 32.2 + = (424.0 + 101 .7 + 37.7) = 889.1 Wm'z
7-17
The following results are determined from a computer program employing equations in the book from Eqs. 7-6 to 7-26' Following tables summarize input and output data calculated for southwestfacing vertical window at32 deg. N latitude, 90 deg. W longitude, for all daylght hours of a clear day on July 21with ground reflectance of 0.2 and clearness number of 1.
Longitude 90 Standard Meridian 90 -6.2 EOT 32 Latitude Declination 20.6 225 Surf Azimuth 90 Surf Tilt 346.4 A 0,186 B 0,138 c cN1 0'2 RoG
lnput Data
deg deg
min
to on a not_for-profit basis for testing or instructional puoses only Exerpts from this work may be reprodued by instructors for distribution nr trn'ntinn n{1|1jq anr' holn'] th' 29;fio) textbk has heen adonted. n othcr fn/^.h'"tinn students enrlled in courses tbr vhich the
117
Output Data
*Unit
of lrradiation is Btu/hr-ft,
Gruo* Go* Ga* G* G,* 153.43 151.90 112.19 O.OO 6.97 3.40 10.37 -76.55 21.78 78.63 146.37 140.64 209.84 o.OO 13.03 10.68 23.71 -61.55 34.38 85.69 139.31 128.74 249.18 o.OO 15.47 17.51 32.98 -46.55 47.09 93.60 131.40 116.76 268.71 o.OO 16.69 23.39 40.07 -31.55 59.65 104.24 120.76 104.98 279.23 o.OO 17.34 27.g5 45.2s 10.90 -16.55 71.33 123.59 101.41 93.63 284.65 o.OO 20.57 30.90 51.46 1 .90 -1.55 78.52 172.69 52.31 83.01 286.52 34.88 24.03 32.03 90.94 12.90 13.45 73.44 229.79 4.79 73.4s 285.30 81.05 27.54 91.28 139.87 13.90 28.45 62.18 252.83 27.83 65.62 280.70 115.85 30.36 28.70 174.91 14.90 43.45 49.71 264.52 39.52 60.08 271.44 135.41 31.69 24.45 1g1.54 15.90 58.45 37.00 272.79 47.79 57.55 254.30 136.46 30.69 18.81 185.97 16.90 73.45 24.37 279.93 54.93 58.44 220.69 115.51 26.33 12.15 153.99 17.90 88.45 12.00 286.94 61.94 62.60 141.60 65.16 1s.97 4.90 86.03
h,
"
7-18
Using the developed program, following tables summarize input and output data caculated for south-facing Surface tilted at 45 deg. on Apr 21 in Louisville, KY.
lnput Data
Eo
Latitude
Declination
Surf zimuth Surf Tit
358.2
0.1
deg deg
min
deg
deg
deg
deg
Btu/hr-ft2
CN RHOG
64 0.12
1
tSI
1.0
h,
'.
-38.3 -32.9 -24.8
2.0
3.0
-165.0 -150.0
-'135.0
," Gruo* 161.2 164.4 0.0 144.3 150.0 0.0 130.2 135.4 0.0 ,"
JD
G*
JR* ^
ra ^*
0.0 0.0 0.
Exerpts from this work may be reprodued by instructors for distributin on a not-for_profit basis for testing or instrutional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for whih the textbok has been adnted. nll nthy "o^.^)"
118
*Unit
4.0 -120.0 _15.1 61 .5 5.0 -105.0 _4.3 71.6 6.0 -90.0 7.1 80.8 .0 -75.0 18.9 s9.9 8.0 -60.0 30.6 99.7 9.0 -45.0 42.0 111.3 10.0 -30.0 52.3 126.8 11 .0 -15.0 60.2 149.3 12.0 0.0 63.4 180.0 13.0 15.0 60.2 210.7 14.0 30.0 52.3 239.2 15.0 45.0 42.0 248.7 '16.0 60.0 30.6 260.3 17 .0 75.0 18.9 270.1 18.0 90.0 .1 279.2 19.0 105.0 -4.3 288.4 20.0 120.0 -15.1 298.5 21 .0 135.0 _24.8 310.2 22.0 150.0 _32.9 324.3 23.0 165.0 -38.3 341.2 24.0 180.0 _40.2 360.0
7 7
108.4
1
90.1 80.3 68.7 53.2 30.7 0' 30.7 53.2 68.7 80.3 90.1 99.2
18.5
of lrradiation is Btu/hr-ft,
76.8 215.8 49.2 22.1 62.5 259.6 120.0 26.6 48.4 280.3 186..1 28.7 35.1 291.1 238.3 2g.8 23J 296.5 271.5 30.4 18'4 298'2 282.9 3o.5 23.7 296.5 271.5 30.4 35.1 291.1 238.3 2g.8 48.4 2S0.3 186.1 28.7 62.5 259.6 120.0 26.6 76.8 215.8 49.2 22.1 91.4 95.7 o.o 9.8 106.0 o.o o.o o.o 120.7 o.o o.o o.o 135.4 o.o o.o o.o 150.0 o.o o.o o.o 164.4 o.o o.o o.o 175.2 o.o o.o o.o
0.0 0.0 0.7 2.8 4.8 6.5 7.8 8.6 8.9 8.6 7.8 6.5 4.8 2.8 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
221.3 275.9
3,10.5
322.3 310.5
7-19
Using the developed program,.following tables summarize input and output data calcuated for an east-facing windw, 3 ft. wide by 5 ft. high, with no set bak on a clea r Jul21 day in-Boise, lD.
Longitude
nput Data
Standard Meridian
oT
Latitude
Declination
Surf Azimuth Surf Titt
A
B
deg deg
min
deg
Btu/hr-ft2
CN RHOG
.'186
0.1
0.2
h, o
Output Data
,.
3.8
14.0
,'
65.0 74.8
,"
25.0
15.2
G*
3.6
27.4
Exerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instruionalmosesonl}, rnich the texthn.. hqc h-.- ".1l'_':9*':'
119
*Unit
7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 1.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0 16.0 17 .0 18.0 19.0
1
-75.0 -60.0 -45.0 -30.0 -15.0 0.0 15.0 30.0 45.0 60.0 75.0 90.0 105.0
oE
of lrradiation is Btu/hr-ft2
24.7 35.6 46.2 56.1 63.8 67.0 63.8 56.1 46.2 35.6 24.7 14.0 3.8
90.0
123.3
147.0
163.1 175.2 195.2
.185.6
205.0
281.6 283.0 104.0 281.6 117 '9 276.8 131.4 267.7 144.2 251.6 154.7 222.0 159.4 160.9 154.7 21.5
36.8 38.5
36.1
31.4 26.2
21.5
17 .5
17 '2 .15.6
16.6
13.8 10.0
1.3
26.8 29.2 30.0 29.2 26.8 23.0 18.1 12.3 6.1 0.4
18s3.6
771.7 699.7
659.8
594.8 505.9 391.9 241.6 26.7
-20
Given lnformation:
Latitude:
Surface azimuth, S;
l= 32.47 deg.
z-=
April2l
Using Eq. 7-8 to calcu|ate solar altitude, = 43'82 deg' Using q' 7-1'1 to find solar azimuth; = 106'27 deg. (clockwise from north) Using q' 7-12 to calculate wall-soar azimuth, y= 73'73 deg. Using qs. 7-28 to 7-30 to calcuate shaded dimensions,
= (1 ft.)-tan(73.73) = 3.43 ft. y = (1 ft ).tan(43.82)/cos(73.73) = 3.42 ft.
! t
r6'
4'
x.erpts from- this work may be reproduced by instructors 1br distribution on a not-or-profit basis for testing or instructional puoses only t students enrol1ed in courses fbr which the textbook has been adopted. ny other reprducion or rnsl.tii of his wrk beyni th permied
bySections]07r]08ofhe976UniedlqaeC-apyrighcw,ihouheDern&1!!Mf1hecwlrjsh1
oue-r
j'9g!!-g+&!.
."!:'.''' a
'-7
120
,h =W
_ (W
x)
(H _ y) = 22'52
ft2
7-20 (Cont.) Therefore, the percentage of the window that is shaded is 93"8%.
(b)
On July
21
Using Eq. 7-8 to calculate solar altitude, = 78.13 deg. Using q.7-11 to find solar azimuth; = 180.0 deg. (clockwise from north) Using q' 7-12 to calculate wall-solar azimuth, r= 0.0 deg. Using Eqs. 7-28 to 7-30 to calculate shaded dimensions, x = (1 ft.)*tan(0.0) = 0.0 ft. y = (1 ft.)*tan(78.13)/cos(0.0) Shaded area can be calculated by
4.76 ft.
,h=W*H_(W _x)*(-_y)
= 19.03ft2
Using Eq. 7-8 to alculate solar altitude, = 12.61 deg. Using q'7-11 tofind solarazimuth; =261.81 deg. (clockwisefrom north)
Excerpts from this work may be reprduced by instrutors for dlstribution on a not-for_profit basis for testing or instrutiona] puoses only
to
studentsenrolledincoursesforwhihthetextbokhasbeenadopted. nyotherreproducionortrnsionfthisrkbeyondthpermted ;a ''"^''t\'1 by Secions 07 or ]08 ofhe 976 [JnitedSesCnriqhl '| \ithn1t th hovh'i'Ci' n{tho '^---:not '1lv'-
121
-20 (Cont.)
X,
7-21
Given: Problem 7-20 with a tong 2 ft overhang located 2ft above the top of the window.
For this problem, bo for overhang is the sum of the overhang depth and the setback; hene, bo = /+] = 3 ft.
(a) he vertically shaded dimension on the window due to the overhang can be calculated bY:
lo=botanlcosy_!o-.
where 1rr-, is the distance of the overhang above the window. Therefore,
o = (3 ft.)*tan(43.82)/cos
Sine
- 2=
12'27 ft'
basis 1br testing or instrutional puoss ony to Exets from thls work may be reproduced by instrutrs for distribution on a not-for-profit | this ork beyond ht permied in courses fbr whih the texibook has been aJopted. ny her reprucJio or rnslin students enrolled l^'-!'1 ^ ' '1 b,ySectins 07 r 08of the 1q76-ito)-qf'''"?""";*13
122 the setback' there is no (c) Since the window is completely shaded due to need to calculate Yo'
-22
_ (W
_-
2'38 ft'
_ (W _'T )
(H _ y) = 9'52
ft2
(c)UsingEqs.T-28to7-3Otocalculateshadeddimensions,
x = (0.5 ft.).tan(81'81) = 3'48 ft' , = (O.S ft.)-tan(12.61)/cos(81 'S1) = 0'79 ft'
bY
H _(W _.)* (H
y)
21'27
ft2
or instrutional puoses ony to for djstribution on a not-for-profit basis or testing Excets from this work may be reproduced by instructors
^l"i'r'i ''',.'"''^""i'-''""'''''-"'^-^{i"^^^'^'';-^1
iy'nrrrrprour^o-o,rnsliiofhisorkbeyondthtermitted
'''-''"i"-^'{"l
-23
as described in Problem 7-20, the following table summarizes the calculated data.
Solar :"^::j Hour Solar Azimuth,Surface- '"Jlff#:"' Solar Angle, ltitude, :,ol1' ""; o o Time, f\Zllul Azimuth,' Dimension '' " 1x1, ft hr 1'37 8.OO -6O.O0 9.98 126.22 53 78 ',136.52 43 48 o'95 9.OO -45.00 1g.4g 0'60 1o,oo -3o.oo 27.17 148.96 31'04 o'29 1.OO -15.00 32.27 163.69 16'31 o oo 34.08 18o.OO O'OO 12.00 O.OO 0 29 13.00 15.00 32.27 196.3',1 16'31 o 60 27.17 211'04 31'04 14.00 3O.OO 0 95 43'48 15.00 45.00 19.49 22g 48 1'37 23g.78 53'78 16.00 60.0O 9.98
'1
Dimension Area,
(y)' ft
"#::
o'30 o'49 0'60 0'66 0'68 0'66 0'60 0 49 0 30
Shaded
ft2
%Shaded
rea
37
29'9
17
1
',1
'4
23',5
'5
',3
17
23'5
29',9
37
'5
'4
-24
This problem is similar to ProblemT-21 but the overhang depth is 3 ft in instead of 2ft. Since the window in ProblemT-21 is completely shaded all all cases. he window in this problem is also completely shaded in cases since the overhang depth is greater in this problem'
-25
-26
-27
Eqs' First, we need to know angle of incidence and solar irradiation. Using problem), 7-8 to 7-26 (or a computeiprogr developed for previous
puoses only to on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional Exets 1iom this work may be reproduced by instructors for distibution
studentsenroledincoursestbrwhichthetextbookhasbeen
adopted' nyotherreproucinrtrnslioofthisworkbeyondhpermited
124
incidence angle and solar irradiation on a southwest-facing window for Boise, lD on a clear July 21 day at 3:00 pm solar time are Angle of Incidence = 52.4 deg', Direct Solar lrradiation: Gp = 163'4 Btu/hr-ft2' Diffuse Solar lrradiation: Ga + G = 34'5 + 23'0 = 57 -3 Btu/hr-ft', and Total Solar lrradiation: G1 = 163'4 + 57 '3 = 220'9 Btu/hr-ft2'
Then, the area of the glazing and of the frame is calculated to be 12'44 and 2.56 ft2, resPectivelY.
ft2
From Table 7-3, solar heat gain coefficients for the glazing system lD 21c are SHGGgo(52.4") = 0.548 and SHGGg= 0'52'
be From Table 5-2, the outside surface conductance may be estimated to 4.0 Btu/hr-ft2-'F.
From able 5-6, the U-value for the fixed, double glazed window having aluminum frame with thermal break utilizing metal spacers is 1.13 Btu/hrft2-'F.
From Table 7-1, solar absorptance of the aluminum frame (assuming the window is not a nev/ one) is 0.8.
ssuming the window with no setback (Ar,u'" = frame can be calculated using Eq' 7-31 as: SHGGr = 0.8*(1 '1314'0) = 0'226'
Aru),
-28
glazing From Table 7-3, the glazing transmittance and absorptances for the system lD 21c are
puoses only to distribution on a not-for-prfit basis for testing or instrutional Excerpts from this work may be reprodued by instructors for of hs wrk beyond h permitted the tx;book has .", uJopt". ny oher reprouction or rnsti students enrl]ed in ourses for whih
125
7
-28 (Cont.)
T6(52'4") = O.+1 56, tw2) = O'140, fz2'4) = 0'1524' Ta= O'40, -Af = o.'13, and fza= O.15.
Using Eq. 7-36, total solar heat gain absorbed by the glazing is
8 oroo,, =
=
[1
63'4*(0"1 4+0'
794.64 Btu/hr.
From Table 5-5a, the U-value for the center of glass is 0.42 Btu/hr-ft2-"F. Similar to the previous problem, the outside surface conductance may be estimated to be 4.0 Btu/hr-ft2-'F. Then, the inward flowing fraction for glazing layer 1 can be calculated by:
Nt=0.42 14.0=0.105
From Table 5-2a, the inside surface conductance may be estimated to be 1.46 Btu/hr-ft'-"F.
The conductance from the inner pane to the outdoor air can be calculated
by:
flo'2=
,11
U hi 0.42
1 1=-1
1
.46
=o'59Btu/hr-ft2-'F
Then, the inward flowing fraction for glazing layer 2 can be calculated by:
Nz= 0.42 / 0.59 = 0.71
puoses only to Exerpts 1iom this work rnay be reprodued by instrutors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional permitted students enrolled in ourses fbr which the textbok has been adoted' ny oher reproduction r lrnsltin of his wrk beyond th
= 0.122
63.4*(0.'1 0S*0. 14+0.7 1*0.1 524) + 57.5*(.'1 05*0. 13+0.71-0. 1 5)] l 220 '9
Using Eq. 7-39 and the SHGGr calculated from the previous problem, the solar irradiation absorbed by the frame is
Qoroo,f = (163.4 + 57.5)*2.56*0.226 = 127 .80 Btu/hr.
Using q' 7-40, the total absorbed solar heat gain of the fenestration system is
Quruo,ur =
-29
From Table 7-4, lAC for a lighted-color Venetian blind installed on a residential double-pane window is 0.66.
-30
From Table 7-6, for a ighted-color Venetian blind, shade transmittance, reflectance, and absorptance are 0.05, 0.55, and 0.40, respectivey.
127
7-30 (Cont.)
Qrroo = 0.05*1130.91 = 56.55 Btu/hr.
698.36 Btu/hr.
7-31
From Table 7-3, solar heat gain coefficients for the glazing system lD 5b are
SHGGgo(52'4")
-32
From Table 7-3, the glazing transmittance and absorptances for the glazing system lD 5b are
TD(52'4") = 0.5332, 'Af ,o2'4) = 0.1924, 1fro2'4) = O'12, Ta= 0.51, -Atro= 0.19, and -Arzd= 0.11.
Using Eq. 7-36, total solar heat gain absorbed by the glazing is
Q
llc'g =
[1
63.4*(0.1924+0'12) + 57.5-(0.
9+0.
1)1-12.44
-32 (Cont.)
=
-===
849.60 Btu/hr.
From Table 5-5a, the U-value for the center of gtass is 0.55 Btu/hr-ft2-"F.
similar to the previous problem, the outside surface conductance may be estimated to be 4.0 Btu/hr_ft2_.F. Then' the inward flowing fraction for glazing layer 1 can be caculated by:
Nz=0.SS /4.0=0.1375
Simiar to the prevous probtem, the inside surface conductance may be estmated to be 1.46 Bt/hr-ft2-"F.
The conductance from the inner pane to the outdoor air can be calcuated by.
= 0.88 Btu/hr-ft2-"F
2 canbe
calcutated by:
Using q. 7-38, the inward flowing fraction of the glazing system is N = []-63 4-(O.1375-. 1924+o.625*0'12) + 1375*0' 19+0'625*0' 1 1 l 22o'g )]
=
'Jr';''
he solar irradiation absorbed by the frame is the Same as the previous probem, and is equa to 127 .80 Btu/hr'
Using q' 7-4O, the totat absorbed solar heat gain of the fenestration system is
7 -32 (Cont.)
212j6 Btu/hr'
212J6
= 1661'4 Btu/hr'
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instrutiona purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adpted. ny other reprduction r trnsltion of this wrk beyond tht permitted by Sections ] 07 or ] 0B of the 1976 United Sttes Copyright ct without the permission of the cpyright owner is unlwful. Requests for permission or further infrmtion should be ddressed to the Permission Deprtment, Jhn Wiley & Sons, nc, ] ] Rier Street, oboken, NJ 07030.
Chapter 8
B-1
a) The heat gain is generally geater than the cooling load during the morning hours M/hen sunlight first strikes a building and the internal loads first begin. Heat is being stored in the building structure, furnishings, etc. b) Late at night when occupants are not present, lights and equipment are off and solar radiation is zero, the building gives up stored heat to the air, which the equipment removes as cooling load. The heat gain may be quite small, zero, or negative. c) At some time during the day, probably early evening, as heat gain is
decreasing, and equilibrium condition can be established when heat gain and cooling load are equal. Or, some interior zones, where the cooling load is driven only by internal heat gains may reach equilibrium if the heat gain remains constant for a number of hours.
8-2
Multipe design conditions should be checked, including peak dry bulb along with mean coincident \et bub, and peak wet bulb along with mean coincident dry bulb temperature.
8-3
corresponds to the 1% design conditions in the current Handbook of Fundamentals and the textbook.
Location Norfolk, VA
Outdoor
DB.'F
91
Outdoor
WB,'F
76
DB.'F
75
lndoor
lndoor RH. % 50
Elevation, ft
30
Latitude,
ON
36.90
131
8-4
into the tayer library' The select materials; some may need to be entered here' (Note that not resulting wall construction ,pp"rrt as shorrun using a density of 120 everything is specified exacity, .o that a student it1yt"i iic wi get a different set of CTF coefficients')
-"..-"...-ns1]
0 3
130 "18
3.
5]
5n
for room mode, we After running the HvacloadExplorer program in execute obtain the following CTF coefficients for this wall.
n
xn, Btu/h-ft2-"F
Yn, Btu/h-ft2-"F
zn,
Btuih-ft2-"F
0
1
4.276507
-5.36497
0 0445
0.1 1581 0.01 1845
0.642344
-0.98287
0.638772
-0.02179
2
3
1.141149
-0.027 59
-7
0.376555
-0.01 101
0.001 134
.7-05
0.00017
-5E-06
B-5
except that the RThis problem is solved in the Same \/ay aS Problem 8-4, 13 insulation is changed to 5.5" thick R-19 insulation.
or instructional puoses only to for dtstribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing permed xerpts fom this work may be reprodued by instutrs iny oh* up-iurrn-o, onstionf his work beynd th t,u, "., uai-pt.' students enrolled in courses tor whih the tetbook of the cpyrigh owner is unlful' copyrg|rt 'a| rr"iiu n, prr^''n by Secions 107 or ] 08 o7 ne ii;i' initid Sror^
132
xn, Btu/h-ft2-"F
Yn,
n,
tu/h-ft2-'F 0.000071
Btu/h-ft2-"F
0
1
4.277384
-5.95084 1.847897 -0.16027 0.001331
0.644513
-1.08666
0.510931 -0.05401
0.004622
0.008936 0.001835 0.00004
2
3
0.000734
8-6
gain, this problem follows the procedure of the last two problems. The thickness of the roll roofing must be estimated, and the conductivity chosen to match the overall conductance. (k=thickness*conductance)
133
xn, Btu/h-ft2-'F
Yn,
Btu/h-ft2-'F
n,
Btu/h-ft2-'F
0
1
1.014657 -1.09939
0.644513
-0.6816 0.150594
2 3
0.126521
0.000256
0.079104
0.00003
8-7
ln this case, a reasonable value for the resistance of the air-space must be selected. For the air^-space, an R-value of 1 is chosen; thus conductivity is set to '12 Btu-in lhr- ft2- F, and the thickness s set to 12 in Density an bp are set to zero and 0.24, respectively.
nt: ayers listed fnm tp t bfiom :epr*s*ni {r:n thg nutsiJ* t inside ot lhe sur{ce
xn, Btu/h-ft2-'F
Yn,
Btu/h-ft2-'F
zn,
Btu/h-ft2-'F
0
1
1.014651
0.654471
-0.71129 0.095526 0.000053
0.1 781 59
-1.12785
0.1 51 609
2
3
0.000351
Exc-erpts from this work may be reproduced by instrutors for.distribution on a not-for_profit basis for testing or instrutional puoses only to students enrolled in courses or which the textbook has been adopted' ny ther reprocion or trnsl(]in of his rk beyontl th permied by Sectins ]07 r ]08 ofhe 1976 Unied SteS Cpyrigh cw'ithou hi permissn fhe cpyrigh ner i unlful'
134
8-8
Again, reasonable values must be assumed for the density of the acoustical tile and the specific heat of the limestone concrete.
xn, Btu/h-ft2-'F
Yn,
Zn'
3.162792
-3.76069
Btu/h-ft2-'F 0.002232
0.01895
-0.38995
0.137 459
0.71366
2
3
0.633425
-0.00642
0.007779
0.000149
-0.01912
-0.0352
8-9
First, app|y the exterior onvective heat transfer correlation, Equation 818a, to determin h"' Assume the 15 mph wind is windward on the surface, which results in h" = 2.3 Btu/(h-ft2-F). Estimate the sky temperature as 10.8 R below the outdoor ambient temperature = 546.87 R. Then estimate the effective sky temperature for a vertical surface from quation 8-25
tsky,o=
550.0 R
EXcetS from this work may be reprodued by instructors for distibution on a not-for_profit basis for testing or instructional puoses only to students enrolled in urses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny oher reproduction or trnsion of this wrk beynd h permited by Sectins 07 r 08 f the 1976 tJnited Sttes Copyr1h c \itlout he permission of the copyrigh oner is unlfu.
136
Declination
Surf zimuth Surf Tilt
346.4
86 0.1 38
0.1
1
20.6 270 90
deg
deg
deg
Btu/hr-ft2
RoG
CN
MDST LSI h, o 1 .00 23.79 176.83 2.00 0.79 -168.17 3.00 1.79 -153.17 4.00 2.79 -138.17 5.00 3.79 -123.17
"
,'
,o
,o
JD* ^
rd* ^
JR* ^
rt ^*
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.93 23.08 32.24 39.29 44.53
-34.27
-33.23
-28.80 -21.65
-12.54
*Unit
12.00 13.00 14.00 15.00 16.00 17.00 18.00 19.00 20.00 21.00 22.00 23.00 24.00
4.79 -108.17 -2.11 5.79 -93.17 9.19 6.79 -78.17 21.05 7.79 -63.17 33.22 10.00 8.79 -48.17 45.49 11.00 9.79 -33.17 57.51
10.79 11.79 12.79 13.79 14.79 15.79 16.79
356.41 86.41 87.03 13.26 256.74 101.06 28.82 241.18 114.99 42.20 227.80 128.63 53.39 216.61 141.58 62.87 207.13 152.80
of lrradiation is tu/hr-ft2
-3.17 75.28 11.83 72.19 26.83 62.36 41 .83 50.63 56.83 38.41 71 .83 26.17 17 .79 86.83 14.15 18.79 101 .83 2.58 19.79 1 16.83 -8.27
-18.17
68.46
269.56 0.44 277.71 7.71 285.45 15.45 293.49 23.49 302.43 32.43
71
.22
198.78
284.93 54.68 280.80 1 18.63 272.32 170.01 256.78 201.20 227.20 202.07 161 .85 151.27
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
12.82 10.26 15.32 16.92 16.57 22.71 17.25 27.27 17.61 30.29 47.91 20.83 31.59 52.42 25.38 31.06 111.11 30.63 28.75 178.01 35.51 24.81 230.32 38.43 19.50 259.13 37.19 13.16 252.42
27
The hourly dry-bulb temperature is calculated using Equation 8-2. Here, the hour nearest to the local solar time has been used to determine the temperature. A spreadsheet is used to obtain the solution. lteration is accomplished by simpy pasting the calculated values of Io" back into the " Io", estimated" column.
lnput Data U-Value Solar absorotivitv Ihermal emissivit
0.1
Btui(h-ft2-F)
0.8
0.9
Excets from this work may be reproduced by instrutors for distrrbution on a not-for-proit basis for testing or instructional puoses only t students enrolled in courses for whih the textbook has ben adopted. ny other reproducion or trnstion f his wrk beyond th permitted by Secions 107 or ]08 ofthe 976 United Sttes Cpyriqht ctlihu he permissin fthe cpyright oner is unlful.
137
is Peak temperature Dailv Ranqe Mean Wind Soeed
72.O
F
Clock
Time
1.00
Local Time
Outdoor
Dry-bulb Temp.
(F)
Solar
skv
Effective
Temp.
(F)
skv
To",
hc
hrsky
hrg..o
estimated (Btu/(h(F)
(Btu/(h
(Btu/(h-
-fr-F))
0.46 0.46 0.45 0.45 .45 0.45 0.45 0.46 0.47 0.48 0.49 0.5
0.51
ft'-F))
0.47 0.47 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.47 0.48 0.49 0.50
.51
To",
9conduction
(Btu/(htt')) 0.1
1
2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00 10.0 11.00 12.00 13.00 14.00 15.00 1 6.00 17 0 18.00 19.00 20.00 21.0 22.00 23.0 24.00
4.79
5.79 6.79 7.79 8.79 9.79 10.79 11.79 12.79 13.79
14.79 15.79
61.8 60.8
60.1
-0.01
-0.13
-0.23
1.58
'1.58
59.8
63.0 63.5
64.7
69.75 69.03
69.'18
1.58 1.58
1.58
67.0
70.3
74.1
86.1
o?
95.2
90.7 87.4
84.1
75.3 79.4 82.4 84.4 85.2 84.4 82.7 79.9 76.6 73.3 70.5
78.5 82.5 85.6 87.6 88.4 87.6 85.8 83.0 79.7 76.4 73.6
71 .1
74.55 78.99 83.53 88.42 93.24 98.33 109.05 131.23 148.77 159.92 162.49 153.00 118.72
84.81
1.59 1.59
1.61
1.62 1.62
1.62 1.62
67,9 65.9
69.1
0.53 0.57 0.60 0.62 0.62 0.60 0.54 0.49 0.48 0.47 0.47
-0.30 -0.32 0.03 0.56 1.05 1.57 2.08 2.58 3.08 5.04
7.01
.63 .63
0.6'1
155.98 162.15
158.51
0.48
74.60
8-11
Longitude 116.22 Standard Meridian 105 EOT -6.2 Latitude 43.57 Declination 20.6
lnput Data
deg
deg min deg deg
Excets from this wok may be reproduced by instructors fbr distrrbution on a not-for_profit basis for testing or instructional puoses only to students enrolled in ourses for whih the textbook has been adopted. ny other reproduction r trnstion of this rk beyond h permitted by Secions ] 07 or ]08 of he 976 United Sates Cpyright c ,ithout he permission of the cpyrigh oner is unlwfu.
138
Surf zimuth Surf Tilt
346.4
0.1 0.1
1
180 90
86 38
deg
deg
Btu/hr-ft2
CN RHOG
MDST LSr h, " , " 1.00 23.15 167.23 -24.77 2.00 0.15 -177 .77 -25.80 3.00 1.15 -162.77 -23.91 4.00 2.15 -147.77 -19.34 5.00 3.15 -132.77 -12.59 6.00 4.15 -117.77 -4.21 7.00 5.'15 -102.77 5.31
"
o '68
346.83 166.83
*Unit
13.00 14.00 15.00 16.00 17.00 18.00 19.00 20.00 21.00 22.00 23.00 24,00
8.00 6.15 -87 .77 9.00 7.15 -72.77 10.00 8.15 -57 .77 .0 9.15 -42'77 12.00 0.15 -27 .77
1 1
'1
15.60 26.32
37 .17
47 '76
57 .42
12.15 2.23 13.15 17.23 14.15 32.23 15.15 47 .23 16.1 5 62.23 17 .15 77 .23 18.'15 92.23 19.15 107 .23 2015 122.23
21.15 137.23 22.15 152.23
11.15 -12.77
64.68 66.95
62.91 54.71
44.67
33.95
23.10 12.48
2.38
-6.85 -14.79 -20.95
of lrradiation is Btu/hr-ft'z
254.61 22.70 269.45 58.92 277.79 87.76 281.98 105.54 185.34 5.34 283.00 1 10.30 217 .50 37.50 281.09 101.56 239.78 59.78 275.81 80.22 255.07 75.07 265.88 48.70 266.84 86.84 248.28 11.34 277.01 97.01 215.64 0.00 286.67 106.67 106.26 146.49 0.00 296,51 116.51 116.49 3.97 0.00 307 .11 127.11 126.80 0.00 0.00 318.90 138.90 136.76 0.00 0.00 332.16 152.16 145.67 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 17.66 162.34 0.00 31.94 148.06 0.00 44.76 135.24 0.00 56.15 123.85 0.00 66.47 113.53 0.00 76.20 103.80 103.29 173.45 0.00 85.92 94.08 93.66 227.72 0.00 2.32
177
Gr*
Go*
G*
JR ^
Lz1
^*
2.89
10.77 16.45 20.78
24.56 27.57
29.47
29.99
29.04 26.78
62.38
107.15 142.58 164.39 170.24 159.50 94.57
23.50
19.55
15.02
22.36
11,44
26.32'133.31
.29
48.18
26.46 14.28 0.32 0.00 0.00 0.00
lnput Data U-Value Solar absorptivitv hermal emissivih Tis Peak temoerature Dailv Ranqe Vlean Wind Soeec
0.1
Btu/(h-ft2-F)
F
F
1.0
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139
Outdoor
Dry-bulb Temp.
(F)
Clock
Time
1.00 2.O0
Solar
Time
Local
Temp.
(F)
skv
Effective
Temp.
(F)
Skv
estimated (Btu/(h(F)
To"'
h"
hrsky
(Btu/(h
-ft'?-F))
(Btu/(h-
hrgr
To.,
calculated
(F)
Qconduction
ft'-F))
1.72 1.72 1.72 1.72
tt'-))
0.46 0.46 0.46 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.46 0.47 0.50 0.53 0.56 0.58 0.59 0.59 0.58 0.55 0.53 0.52 0.50 0.49 0.48 0.47
fromS-24
71.15 69.41
(Btu/(hft2))
23.15 0.15
1.15
73.0 71.2
3.00
69.6
68.'1
4.00
5,00 6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00
10.0 1 1.0
2.15 3.15
65.3
63.5
62.0 60.5
71.15 69.41
67.96
66.51 65.35 64.48
64.1
4.15
5.15 6.15 7.15 8.15 9.15 10.15 11.15 12.15 I 3.15 14.15 1 5.15 16.15 17.15 18.15
'19.15
oa
74.5
79.0 84.2 89. 92.7
95.1
12.00 13.00 14.0 15.00 1 6.00 17.00 18.00 19.00 20.0 21.00 22.00 23.00 24.00
96.0
95.1
20.15
21 15
22.15
55.2 54.9 55.5 57.0 59.7 63.7 68.2 73.4 78.2 81.9 84.3 85.2 84.3 82.2 78.8 74.9
71 .0
58.4
58.1
68.60
74.15
81.31
99.67 116.02
129.01 137.21 '139.67
85.0
87.5 88.4
136.52
127.91
87.5 85.3
82.0
78.1 74.1
67.6 64.6
70.8 67.8
1.72 1.72 1.72 1.72 1.72 1.73 1,74 1.74 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1,74 1.73 1.73 1.72 1.72 1.72
1.72 1.72
0.45 0.45 .45 0.44 0.44 0.44 0.44 0.44 0.45 0.46 0.49 0.52 0.55 0.57 0.58 0.58 0.57 0.54 0.52
0.51
67.96
66.51
65.35
64.48
65.5'1
70.67
75.96
89.08
106.51
3.45
4.90
5.97 6.55 6.55
6.01
4.97
3.51
2.66 1.96
114
0.76 0.44 0.15
B-12
This problem is solved in the same manner as Example 8-2. The results (conduction heat fluxes for each hour in Btu/(hr-ft2)) may be summarized in tabular form as:
Hour
1
Day
Day
0.312
0.463 0.508
2 3
4
5
0.494 0.454
0.410
6
7
B
0.387
0.402
0.473
Day 3
1126
0.954 0.804 0.673
0.561
0.475
0.426
0.426 0.487
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140
10
11
0.612
0.820
1.089 1.399
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
0.620
0.825
1.092
1.401
1
1.715
1.998
.716
.716
1.999
2.223
1.999
20
21
2.223
2.362 2.405
2.353
2.223
2.362 2.405
2.353
2.215 2.016
1.786
1.551
22 23 24
2.215 2.016
1.786
'1.551
1.327
1.327
1.327
This problem is soved in the Same V/ay aS the previous problem. Note that the additional insulation substantially reduces the conduction heat flux, as expected. The resuts (condution heat fuxes for each hour in Btu/(hr-ft2)) may be summarized in tabular form as:
Hour
1
Day
0.203 0.329
0.379
0.380 0.356 0.323 0.298 0.296 0.328 0.407 .535
0.711
4
5 6 7
Day 3
0.915 0.778 0.659 0.554
0.464
0.390 0.340 0.322
0.464
0.390
0.340
0.322
I
10
11
0.344
0.417
0.344
0.417
12
0.542 0.715
0.927
.156 1.374 1.559
'1
0.542
0,715
0.927 1 .156 1.374 1.559
13 14 15 16 17 18 19
0.925
1.154 1.373
1.559
1.691
1.757
1.754
1.685
20
21
'1.685 '1.406
22
1.562 1.406
1.562
1.562 1.406
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141
23 24 1.237
1.070
1.237 1.070
1.237
1.070
8-14
The solution to this problem is similar to that of Problem 8-9, except that to estimate the maximum possible surface temperature, the surface may be assumed to be adiabatic, and U is then zero. Also, the surface-to-ground radiation coefficient is zero, and no correction is necessary for the sky temperature, as the surface is assumed to be horizontal. Assume the wind is windward, h"= 1.3 Btu/(h-ft2-F). Then, the final converged answer for the surface temperature is:
hr,sky=
1.361
Btu/(h-ft2-F)
fr"=
201.0 F
B-'15
From Table 8-2, heat gain for occupants that are "Seated, very light work" have 245 Btulhr (72 W) sensible heat gain, and '155 Btu/hr (45 W) latent heat gain. The sensible portion is assumed to be 70% radiative/ 30% convective.
The sensible heat gain from people is72 Wperson x 30 people The radiative portion is 0.7 x 2160 = 1512 he convective portion is 0'3 x2160
=
'
2160 W.
648 W.
The latent heat gain from people is 45 Wperson x 30 peoPe = 1350 W. The sensibe heat gain from lighting is '1 .5 ft2 x 4OOO sq. ft. = 6000 W; 20o/o is assumed to enter the plenum space directly, leaving 4800 W which is assumed to be 59% radiative I 41% convective. The radiative portion is 0.59 x 4800 = 2832\'t. The convective portion is 0.41 x 4800 = '1968 W.
The sensible heat gain from equipment is 1 fi( x 4OOO sq. ft. = 4O0O W, which is assumed to be 20o/o radiative I 80% convective. (Note this
xcerpts fiom this work may be reprodued by instrutrs for distribution on a nt-fbr_profit basis for testing or instrutional puoses only to students enroled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny her reproductn r trnsltin of this work beynd ht permitted by Sectins l07 r 108 ofhe 976 Unied Ses Copyrigh clithoul the permission ofthe copyright wner is unlwfu.
142
assumption is based on the assumption that most of the equipment is fancooled. Students are likely to make varying assumptions.) he radiative portion is 0'2x 4000
=
800 W.
4800
4000 = 10960 W.
5816 W.
From Table 8-2, heat gain for occupants that are involved in "Sedentary \/ork" is275 Btu/hr (81 W) sensible heat gain, and 275 Btulhr (81 W) latent heat gain. The sensible portion is assumed to be 70o/o radiative/ 30% convective.
The sensible heat gain from people is 81 Wperson x 35 people he radiative portion is 0'7 x 2835 = 1984.5 W. The convective portion is 0.3 x 2835 = 850.5 W. The latent heat gain from peope is 81 Wperson x 35 peoPle
=
2835 W.
2835 W.
he sensible heat gain from lighting is '15 \,lm2 x 75O m' = 11250 W; 50% is assumed to enter the plenum Space directly, eaving 5625 W that is assumed to be 59% radiative I 41% convective. The radiative portion is 0.59 x 5625
=
3319 W.
=
2306 W.
The sensible heat gain from office equipment is 7000 W, which is assumed to be 20o/o radiative I 80% convective. (Note this assumption is based on
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143
the assumption that most of the equipment is fan-cooled. Students are likely to make varying assumptions.)
The radiative portion is 0.2x 7000 = 1400 W. The convective portion is 0.8 x 7000 = 5600 W.
The total sensible heat gain is 2835 + 5625 + 7000 = 15460 W.
6703.5 W. 8756.5 W.
4800 W
Problem 8-18
At 4.00 p.m., 70 people are present. Assuming "seated, light offie \Mork", the sensible heat gain per person is245 Btu/hr (72) and the latent heat gain per person is 200 Btu/hr (59 W).
Latent heat gain = 200 Btu/hr/person x 70 people = '14000 Btu/hr. t 6:00 p.m., no one is present; sensible and latent heat gains are O Btu/hr.
8-19
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144 First, compute the properties of the corresponding fictitious surfaces, using Eqns 8-35, 8-36, 8-37. Resuts are shown in the shaded table entries,
beow.
Surface
1
Area (ft')
639.7 639.7
84.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9
A-
575.8 575.8 75.6 75.6 1058.4
T(F)
122
orth roof
2 3
4
5
143 102
92
70241.8 82332.6
7711.2
A--T
l]f
;lF)
,
0',9
0.9 0.9 0.9 0:9
1,10.6
13.9 113,8
114.1
84.0
1176.0
6955.2
100548.0
95
128,4
hen, compute the radiant interchange factor and radiation heat transfer coefficient using Eqns. 8-38 and 8-39. Using Eqn. 8-40, estimate the radiative heat flux from each Surface (Q,.u), then determine the radiative heat transfer from each Surface (Q,"r). Then, compute the total radiative heat transfer from all surfaes = -69,769.5 Btu/hr. Divide by the total Surface area, 2623.4 ft2, to get the baancing factor, -26'6 Btu/(hr-ft'1, which must be subtracted from the previously caculated heat flux from each surface to determine the "balanced" radiation heat flux from each surface (q,rlbal). Multiply by the area to determine the radiation heat transfer from each Surface (Q,"/bal)' Chek to see that they nov Sum to zero.
Su"face
I
Fit
Trus (R)
hri
(Btu/
(hr-ft2))
Qra
Q,uo
qr"6/bal
(Btu/hQ
North roof
576.0
583.1
11.4
2 3
4
5
11.9
1
11.2 1.0
10.6
82950.9 296624.7
-11140.0 -20368.1 -417837.0
(hr-ft')) 156.3
(Bt
Q,u6lbal (Btu/hr)
99964.1
490.3
-'106.0
313637.9
-8906.1 -18134.2
-215.9
-328.7
-386561.8
8-20 First, compute the properties of the corresponding fictitious surfaces, using Eqns 8-35, 8-36, 8-37. Results are sho\Mn in the shaded table entries, below.
Surface
1
Area
(m2)
A-
.9 108.7
T(C)
43
--
4672.9
A,
t1
0.:,9,
Ti(e)
38.3
North roof
120.7
'
372:7,
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145
2
2
4
5
108.7
16.2 16.2
194.4
50 36 38 32
5433.6
583.2
372.7
475t.:5
0.9 ,0.9
0.;9 .,9
36.0
39;6 39.5 45,3
615.6
6220.8
45.5
277.5
hen, compute the radiant interchange factor and radiation heat transfer coefficient using Eqns. 8-38 and 8-39. Using Eqn. 8-40, estimate the radiative heat flux from each Surface (9,"r), then determine the radiative heat transfer from each Surface (Q,"). Then, compute the total radiative heat transfer from all surfaces = -3027.9 W. Divide by the total surface area, 493.5 m2, to get the balancing factor, -6.1 Wmz, which must be subtracted from the previously calculated heat flux from each surface to determine the "balanced" radiation heat flux from each surface (q,u6lbal). Multiply by the area to determine the radiation heat transfer from each surface (Q,"/bal). Check to see that they no\M Sum to zero.
Surface
1
Fir
Tuus (K)
hrt
(Wm'\
^
Qra
Q,"o
(il4
qru6/ba
(Wm')
34.8 93.4 -15.8 -3.2
-70.1
Q,,/bal
2
J
4 5
North roof South roof West wall East wall Attic floor
0.872
0.897
0.897 0.835
0.872
6.'1
b_J
6.1
6.2
31 1.8
57
-76.2
8-21
The solution procedure is identica to that of Problem 8-19, except the emissivities for surfaces 1 and 2 are 0.1. Fictitious surface properties are shown in the first table.
1
J
4
5
Surface Area (ft') North roof 639.7 South rool 639.7 West wall 84.0 East wall 84.0
Atti floor 1176.0
0.1 0.1
64.0 64.0
75.6 75.6 1058.4
A-
T(F)
122
A--T
7804.6 9148.1 7711.2
At 1983.7
1983:7,
:1
T^,(F)
143 102
92
0.6 .6
2539;4
0'5 t 0,2
.5
6955.2
100548.0
2539.4
14:47.'.4
he total radiative heat transfer from a|l surfaces = -3476.1 Btu/hr. The balancing factor is -1. 3 Btu/(hr-ft2).
Surface
Fir
*s (R)
hri
(Btu/
9rao
(Btu/hr)
Q,r
Qrr/bal
(Btu/
Q,,a/bal (Btu/hr)
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146
(hr-ft'))
1
(hr-ft'))
North roof
0.098
0.098
2 3
4
5
0.874
0.874
0.222
569.5 579.5
1.2
1.3
560'
555.3 563.8
19378.4
31.6
62.1
38903.3
2984.3 -6220.9 -58521.2
-49.8
Note that the radiative heat fluxes from surfaces 1 and 2, and to surface 5 are significantly lower. (The heat flux incident on surface 5 has been reduced by s5%.) he catch is that "in real life", everything else does not remain the same. ln particular, the temperatures would change significantly.
8-22 The solution procedure is identical to that of Problem 8-20, except the emissivities for surfaces 1 and 2 are 0.1. Fictitious surface properties are shown in the first table.
Surface
1
Area
(m2)
A-
0.1 0.1 12.1 12.1
r(c)
43 50
A--T
519.2 603.7 583.2
,
372'7'
372,7 .475.5
,475,,5'
',
T(c)
33;6
,,33.9 41.1
North roof
2
J
4 5
.6
0'6
0,5 0.5
o'.2
33'2
0.9
0.9
0.9
16.2 16.2
Jb
38 32
615.6
6220.8
33,8
216.0
194.4
277,,5
The total radiative heat transfer from all surfaces = -341.5 W. The balancing factor is -0.7 Wm2.
Surface
1
Fy
hrl
/Wm')
^
9ra
Q," (h4
qru6/bal
(Wm')
7.0 12.3
12.8
Q.,a/bal
(w)
North roof
J
4
5
0.098 0.098
0.870 0.870
0.241
309.0 309.7
117
12.1
6.3
765.2
1407.1
848.7 1490.7
217.6
443.7 -3175.0
230.0
456.1
24.6
-14.7
25,3
-14.0
-3025.6
8-23
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147
Convective heat transfer coefficients are determined from Table 8-8. Coefficients for the pitched roof surfaces are based on the "Sloping - 45 degrees" surface position. more sophisticated approach would involve interpolation. The resuts are summarized below.
Surface
1
Area
(ft2)
(F)
122
North roof
639.7
639.7 84.0 84.0 1 176.
2 3 4 5
143 102
92 95
Direction of
Heat Flow
h" Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
(Btu/(hr-ft"))
9""onu""tion
Downward Downward
15.54
24.36
9.52 3.92 1.80
Horizontal Horizontal
Downward
8-24
Convective heat transfer coefficients are determined from Table 8-8. Coefficients for the pitched roof surfaces are based on the "Sloping - 45 degrees" surface position. A more sophisticated approach \Mould involve interpolation. The results are Summarzed below.
Surface
1
Area
(m2)
r(c)
43 50 36 38 32
orth roof
2
J
4
5
(wm2-K)
2.39 2.39
3.18 3.18 1.02
hc
Qt'"onu""1on
r//m')
33.46
50.1 9
Horizontal Horizontal
Downward
22.26
28.62 3.06
B-25
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r_
148 First, the solar irradiation on the window is obtained in the same manner as the solution for Problem 7-17. The following tables show results for the west-facing window.
Longitude 101.7 deg deg Standard Meridian 90 -6.2 min Eo Latitude 35.23 deg Declination 20.6 deg 270 deg Surf zimuth deg 90 Surf Tilt A 346.4 Btu/hr-ft2 0.186 B 0.138 c cN1 RHOG 0.2
Output Data
lnput Data
cDSr Lsr
o , " G," Go* Ga* Gr* " , , " , " 15.00 13.12 16.75 69.25 229.59 40.41 74.35 283.92 76.59 27.06 30.47
h,
G,*
134.12
The layer absorptances of the double-pane (lD5a) can be found from able 7-3 as:
GDirect,outer: 7f ,774 dg)
Direct,inner
\Mindo\/
:'dr(7 4deg)
: O.13 : 0.06
(diffuse,outer:
aciffuse'inne,
.fiyarn_ 0.11
.fz'aixur,
0.07
Then, the solar radiation absorbed by each pane of the double-pane window may be determined by (neglecting incident solar radiation from the
inside):
Q"itob,o,b,d,outer,
j,:
Q"itob,o,b,d,n*',,"
8-26
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149
First, the solar irradiation on the window is obtained in the same manner as the solution for Problem 7-17 ' he following tables show results for the west-facing window.
Longitude 108.53 deg deg Standard Meridian 105 -6.2 min EOT 45.8 deg Latitude Declination 20.6 deg 270 deg Surf zimuth deg 90 Surf ilt 346.4 Btu/hr-ft2 A 0.186 B 0.138 c cN1 0.2 RHOG
Output Data
lnput Data
MDST LSr h, " ,' , o , o Grvo* G" Gd* G* ,' 15.00 13.66 24.92 57.57 227.35 42.65 66.77 277.89 109.60 29.57 27.29 The layer absorptances of the double-pane (lD5a) can be found from Table 7-3 as:
&Direct,outer:
Gt*
166.46
\/indo\M \/ith
: 0.073
ddffise'outer:
c]iffuse,inner:
hen, the Solar radiation absorbed by each pane of the double-pane window may be determined by (neglecting incident solar radiation from the
inside):
Q"
it ob,o,bnd,outer'
Q"t ob,o,bud,inner,
: :
20.1 7
8-27
150
The RTS method is used to obtain the cooling load results for this problem. The following table shows total cooling loads and cooling loads due to window heaigains for both low-e and regular double-pane windo\/S' l cooling loads due to other heat gains are the same as those shown in Example 8-16.
(from ExamPle 8-16) Window Window Total
Low-E Windows
Regular Windows
Windw Conduction
(Btu,&r)
Hour
Window
Condution (Btu,hr)
1
SG
364
(Btu,&r)
(Btu/hr)
SG
420
345
(Btu,4lr)
(BtuAr) 4516
3921
Total
186
2
2
146
110 79 58 52
61
299 246
4418 3843
3352
228 179
135 97 72 63 75
284
234
193 159
4
5
203
167
2940
2623
3414 2989
2662
2452
6
7 8 9
tJo 254
465
2419 2465
2737
8'190
293
537
92
145
710
978
1247
10
11
215
300
389
9562
1
toc
JOO
112 178
2518 2829
8333
9761 11141
820 1129
1437 1720
1
12
1492
1694 1 833 1897
188'1
13 14 15 16
17 1B
469
533 577 593
14250
1 1
12458
I
951
3637
2111
585
553 503
1787
1624
139'1
1
2185
2167 2060
1
14648 15425
1
19
20
21
444 386
327
089 839
22 23 24
674
546
873
'1604
1256
968 777
7692
6765 5922 5176
274 228
629
513
445
279
As shown in the above table, usng the regular \indo\ Would resut in slighily higher cooling loads than using the low-e window. The following 'hcrease in cooling loads due to changing the type of figure illustrates the
w]ndow from the low-e window to the reguar window.
puoses ony to on a not-for_profit basis fr testing or instrutional Excets from this work may be reprodued by instrutors for dlstributin or rnsltionf hs ork beynd th permited ny olher reprodc'ilon students enrolled in courses tbr which the textbook has been "p" permission ofhe copyrigh wner is unlwful' ]07 or 108 ofhe 976 Unied Stes Copyright ctithout th
by Sections
151
d
o
cr)
o o )
't0 '13
Tirne, Hour
'16
8-29
Soluton to be provided by an instructor. 8-30 First, the solar irradiation must be determined and is the same as that shown for Problem 8-10. hen, the hourly dry bulb temperature is calculated using quation 8-2. Here, the hour nearest to the local solar time has been used to determine the temperature. Finally, the sol-air temperature is calculated using quation 8-63 with the therma radiation correction term being zero for a vertical surface.
Local lnsolation Outdoor Solar (Btu/h- Drybutb Clock Time Time ft2) emp (F) 1.00 23.79 0.00 75.2 2.00 0.79 0.00 73.9 3.00 1.79 0.00 72.6 4.00 2.79 0.00 71.6 5.00 3.79 0.00 70.9 6.00 4.79 0.00 70.6
Sol-air Temp
(F)
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152
7.00 8.00 9.00 10.00
1
5.79
9.93
71.1
73.1
6.79
7.79 8.79 9.79 10.79 11.79 12.79 13.79 14.79 15.79 16.79 17.79 18.79 19.79
23.08
32.24 39.29 44.53 47.91 52.42
111 .11
77.0
81 .1
1.00
178.01
230.32 259.13
252.42
184.97
6.'10
19.00 20.00
8-31
This problem uses the same solution procedure as Problem 8-30. Note that the solar irradiation is the same as that shown for Problem 8-1 1.
Clock
Time
1.00 2.00 3.00
Local Time
0.1 5
Solar
23.15 1.15
(Btu/h-ft2) Temp
nsolation
Outdoor
Drybulb
(F)
4.00
5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00 10.00 11.00 12.00 13.00
14.00
2.15
3.15
4.15
5.15
6.15
7.15
8.1 5
20.00 21.00
22.00
'18.15
20.15
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.96 17.83 29.69 62.38 107.15 142.58 164.39 170.24 159.50 133.31 94.57 48.18 26.46 14.28 0.32 0.00
73.0 71.2
69.6
68.1
69.6
68.1
66.9
66.0 65.7 66.3 67.8 70.5 74.5 79.0 84.2 89.0 92.7
95.1
66.9 66.0 66.3 69.0 72.3 79.9 90.6 100.4 108.8 114.6 1 16.6
115.1
96.0
95.1
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153
23.00
24.00
21.15 22.15
0.00 0.00
78.4 75.4
78.4 75.4
8-32 This problem uses the simiar Solution procedure as Problem 8-3O. First, the solar irradiation is determined for the flat roof using the procedure described in Chapter 7. The resuts are shown below.
nput Data
EOT
Latitude
Declination
Surf Azimuth Surf ilt
Apar
Bpar
Btu/hr-ft2
Cpar CN RHOG
86 0.1 38
0.1
0.2
Output Data
o MDST Lsr h, o ,. , " , 1.00 23.79 176.83 -34.27 356.41 356.41 2.00 0.79 -168.17 -33.23 13.26 13.26 3.00 1 .79 -153.17 -28.80 28.82 28.82 4.00 2.79 -138.17 -21.65 42.20 42.20 5.00 3.79 -123.17 -12.54 53.39 53.39
4.79 -108.17 -2.11 5.79 -93.17 9.'19 6.79 -78.17 21.05 7.79 -63.17 33.22 10.00 8.79 -48.17 45.49 1.00 9.79 -33.17 57 51
1
Gruo* Go* G* G*
Gt*
79.02 79.02 68.95 206.38 74.12 86.89 86.89 56.78 246.69 135.17 95.77 95.77 44.51 266.87 190.31 107.55 107 .55 32.49 277 .85 234.37
21.54 283.62 263.81 14.72 285.80 276.42 17.81 284.93 271.28 27.64 280.80 248.75 39.37 272.32 210'52 51.59 256.78 159.55 277 '71 63.83 227 .20 10.20 285.45 75.85 '161.85 39.s6 293.49 87.42 5.53 0.25 302.43 98.27 0.00 0.00 312.83 108.00 0.00 0.00 325.24 116.06 0.00 0.00
127.34 168.24 218.87 245.60 259.78 269.56
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 62'87 62'87 92'11 0.00 71 .22 71.22 80.81 108.07
124.27 123.23 1 18.80 111.65 102.54
26.17 14.15
2.58
-8.27 -'18.00
-26.06
'71
14.91 28.48 34.04 36.83 38.34 39.14 39.44 39.32 38.75 37.58 35.44
22.33
31
.35
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.00 32.17 0.00 102.60 0.00 169.21 0.00 227.14 0.00 272.71 0.00 302.95 0.00 315.86 0.00 310.60 0.00 287.50 0.0 248'10 0.00 194.98 0.00 131 .56 0.00 61.90 0.00 1.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
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154
*Unit of lrradiation is tu/hr-ft2
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Then, the sol-air temperature is determined using Equation 8-63 with the thermal radiation corretion term being 7 "F for a horizontal surface.
Clock Time
1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.0 9.00 10.00 11.00 12.00 13.0 14.00 15.0 16.00 17.00 18.00 19.00 20.00 21.00 22.00 23.00 24.00
Local Solar Time 23.79 0.79 1.79 2.79 3.79 4.79 5.79 6.79 7.79 8.79 9.79 10.79 11.79 12.79 13.79 14.79 15.79 16.79 17.79 18.79 19,79 20.79 21.79 22.79
lnsolation
(Btu/htt2) 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 32.17 102.60
169.21
227.14
272.71
61.90
1
.01
Outdoor Drybulb emp (F) 75.2 73.9 72.6 71.6 70.9 70.6 71 .1 72.4 74.7 78.0 81.8 86.1 90.2 93.2 95.2 96.0 95.2 93.5 90.7 87.4 84.1 81.3 78.7 76.7
Sol-air Temp
(F)
68.2
66.9 65.6
64.6
63.9 63.6
70.5 85.9 101.5 116.4 129.3 139.7 146.3 148.3 145.7 138.6 127.2 112.8 96.0 80.6
77.1
8-33
For hour 15, Equation 8-64 is used to find the conduction heat flux.
Q"conduction
.00645 x (120.3-74)...
2.897 Btu/(hr-ft2)
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155 8-34
Equation 8-64 is used to find the conduction heat flux for each hour.
Hour
1
q" (Btu/(hrft2))
Hour
13
q" (Btu/(hrft2))
1.835
0.828 0.798
1.824
1.772 1.693 1.595 1.486
1.372
14
15
J
4 5
0.791
0.810
0.861
16 17
'18
6
7
0.948
1
19
.071
1.259 1.149
1.047 0.956 0.882
20
21
10
11
22 23 24
1.704
1.797
12
8-35
For hour 12, qation 8-64 is used to find the conduction heat flux.
Q"conduction
= 0.0061 92
(1
34.3-72)
.028 Btu/(hr-ft2)
8-36 Equation 8-64 is used to find the conduction heat fux for each hour.
q" (Btu/(hrft2)) q" (Btu/(hr-
our
1
Hour
13 14 15 16
ft2))
0.674 0.401
0.1
1.050
1.544
3 4
99
2.012 2.409
0.051
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156
5
17 18 19
2.694
2.841
6
7
2.834
2.671 2.361
1.936 1.466
1.031
8
9 10
11
20
21
-0.209 -0.075
22
0.194
0.583
23
24
12
8-37
Equation 8-64 is used to find the conduction heat flux for each hour with so-air temperatures calculated in Problem 8-31.
q" (Btu/(hrft2)) q" (Btu/(hrft2))
Hour
1
Hour
13
14
3.492
3.147
-0.055
0.1
2 3 4 5
65
2.758 2.348
1.937 1.536
15 16
0.563
1.112
1.754 2.417 3.026 3.510 3.823 3.958
3.931
17
18 19
6 7
1.154
0.796 0.472
0.1
I
9
20
21
10
11
99
22 23
0.00 -0.098
12
24
3.765
8-38
Using the simplified approach, the solution procedure is the same as that of Probem 7-27. First, we need to know ange of incidence and Solar irradiation. ssuming a west-facing window, the incidence angle and solar rradiation for Albuquerque, NM on a c|ear July 21 day at 3:OO pm solar time are (see solution in Problem 8-10 for reference)
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157
Diffuse Solar lrradiation: Ga a G = 30.6 + 28.9 = 59'4 Btu/hr-ft2 Then, the area of the glazing and of the frame is calculated to be 27 .2 and 4.8 ftz, respectively.
ft2
From Table 7-3, solar heat gain coefficients for the glazing system lD 5b are SHGG9(65") = 0.515 and SHGGs = 0.60. From able 5-2, the outside surface conductance may be estimated to be 4.0 Btu/hr-ft2-'F. From Table 5-6, the U-value for the fixed, double glazed window having aluminum-clad wood/vinyl frame with insulated spacers is 0.48 Btu/hr-ft2-"F. From able 7-1, solar absorptance of the vinyl frame painted white is 0.26.
ssuming the window with no setback (Ar,r'" = frame can be calculated using Eq. 7-31 as: SHGG1= 0.26*(0.4814.0)
= 0.031.
Asu),
For an unshaded window, the total solar heat gain is calculated using Eq. 7 -32 as
Qsc = (0.51 5*27 '2 + 0.031-4.8)-'1 '18.6 + (0.60-27 '2 + 0.031*4.8)*59.4 = 2657 '2
Btlhr'
B-39
This problem uses the same solution procedure as the previous problem. Assuming a south-facing window, the incidence angle and solar irradiation for Boise, ]D on a clear Jly 21 day at 3:00 pm solar time are (see solution in Problem 8-1 '1 for reference) Angle of lncidence' = 68.8 deg., Direct Solar lrradiation: G = 101.6 Btu/hr-ft2, Diffuse Solar lrradiation: Ga + G = 29'0 + 28.9 = 57 '9 Btu/hr-ft2, and
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'158
The area of the glazing and of the frame is the same as that calculated in Problem 8-38. From Table 7-3, solar heat gain coefficients for the glazing system lD 29a are SHGG,(68.8") = 0'408 and SHGGs= 0.57. From Table 5-6, the U-value for the fixed, triple glazed window having aluminum-clad wood/vinyl frame with insulated spacers is 0.44 Btu/hr-ft2-"F. The outside surface conductance and solar absorptance of the frame are assumed to be the same as those in Problem 8-38.
Assuming the window with no setback (Ar,u'" = frame can be calculated using Eq. 7-3'1 as: SHGGr = 0.26*(0 .4414.0)
= 0.029.
Asu),
For an unshaded window, the total solar heat gain is calculated using Eq. 7-32 as.
Qsuc = '408-27 '2 + 0.029-4.8)*101.6 + (0.57*27.2 + 0.029*4.8)-57.9 = 2047.4 Btu/hr.
8-40
First, determine conduction heat gain by multiplying fluxes from Problem 833 by the surface area, 8OO ft2. Then, from Table 8-20, select the radiative/convective split to be 63%137o/o Apply the split to determine the convective and radiative heat gains. Then, apply Equation 8-67 to the radiative heat gains to determine the radiative cooling load. Sum the radiative cooling load and the convective heat gain to get the cooling load.
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'159
Conduction Heat Gain
(Btu/h0 5462.3
Hour
1
Convective
HG
Radiative
HG
2021.0
1812.8 1603.8 1404.7 1221 2 1056.0 910.4
3441.2
2 3 4
5
4899.6
4334.5 3796.4 3300.5 2854.1 2460.6
386.7
2730.7 2391.7 2079.3
1798.1
2702.9
2583.0 2460.2
b
7 8 9
2123.8
1854.2 1673.6 1598.0 1629.0 1759.4 1983.0
785.8
686.1 619.2 591.3 602.7
10
11
12
13 14 15 16 17 18 19
2318.0
2803.7 3450.5 4215.9 5016.0 5741.3
1550.2 1338.0 1168.2 1054.4 1006.7 1026.3 1 108.4 1249.3 1460.3 1766.3
2339.0 2222.4
2113.0 2014.0
'1930.6
3681.4 3395.0
3132.9
2898.9
2700.1 2549.9
1868.0 1829.3
'1815.8
2459.2
2432.1 2466.8 2561.5
2173.8 2656.0
3160.1
2230.3
2419.2 2614.7 2789.4 2913.3 2969.4 2961.2
4275.2
4739.0
20
21
2124.3
23'18.6
3617.0
3947.9 4078.5 3997.4
376'1.9
22
ZC
6266.5 6473.8
6345.1 5971.2
24
5108.0 5308.6
5317.1
5170.6
4000.0
3000.0 2000.0
1
6)
000.0
0.0
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16
8-41
First, determine conduction heat gain by multiplying fluxes from Problem 835 by the surface area, 1OOO ft2. Then, from able 8-20, select the radiative/convective split to be 84ol16o/o' Apply the split to determine the convective and radiative heat gains. Then, apply quation 8-67 to the radiative heat gains to determine the radiative cooling load. Sum the radiative cooling load and the convective heat gain to get the cooling load.
Radiative Cooling Load
4864.4
Hour
1
Convective
HG
Radiative
HG
Cooling Load
5220.7
2227.2
1338.2
356.4
214.1 100.4 9.2 -63.6 119.4 -149.7 -97.7 81.2 370.2 730.7 1124.5 1512.8 1857.6
1870.8
1124.1
2
J
627.7
57.3 -397.4 -746.0 -935.8 -610.8 507.2
4
5 6
7
o 9
4530.5 4222.8
3938.6 3676.2 3436.0 3228.9 3120.5 3179.7
3417.1
4744.6
4323.2 3947.7 3612.7 3316.7 3079.2
3022.8
3260.8 3787.2
10
11
2313.5
4567.1
12 13 14 15 16 17
'18
7028.4 9455.0
1169.7 13293.3 1 4350.1 14672.7 14222.5 1318.3 11142.9 8809.6 6593.1
19
3808.3
4316.0 4893.4
5486.8 6042.8
651 1.5
4539.0 5440.6
6406.2
7344.4
8169.7 8807.6 9197.1 9300.4 9101.0 8607.3 7877.0 7097.7
20
21
409.5
6849.5 7024.8
7018.0 6824.5
6467.5
6042.8 5622.2 5228.0
22
154.9
s538.2
4017.6
z3
24
4782.8
3353.'1
765.3
536.5
6387.5
5764.5
2816.6
or instructional puoses only to Excts frm this work may be reprdued by instructors for distribution n a not-for-profit basis for testing permitted or trnsCion of thS work beyond ht students eno]led in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny oher reprducion fthe 976 Unied Sttes Copyrigh ctwihout he permission fhe cpyright oner is unlwful.
s;"i'n'
]07 r ]08
161
cooling Loads and eat Gains
1
fl
'10000.0
(,
(! !
(!
8000.0
6000.0
911131517192123
8-42
First, determine conduction heat gain by multiplying fuxes from Problem 836 by the surface area, 1200 ft2 ' Ther , from able 8-2o, seect the radiative/convective Split to be 84oe% pply the split to determine the convective and radiative heat gains. Then, apply Equation 8-67 to the radiative heat gains to determine the radiative cooling load. Sum the radiative cooling load and the convective heat gain to get the cooling load.
Conduction Hour
1
Convective
HG
Radiative G
679.7
404.1
Cooling Load
1332.4 1182.3 1056.5
951.1
129.5
2
3
77.0
38.2 9.8
11 .1
238.5
61.2 -69.3
4
5
200.4 51.4
-58.2
6
7 o
-166.0
-237.0 -278.7 -250.9 -90.4
I
10
11
233.3
700.2
12
-139.5 -199.0
-234.1
1203.0 105.3 1018.3 941.3 872.8 811.4 756.2 707.9 674.0 667.9
699.7
771.3
883.3
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162
13
14
15
16 17
201.6
296.4
386.4
462.5 517.3
877.1
2890.5 3233.3
3409.7 3401.3
2428.0 2716.0
2864.2 2857.1 2692.2 2380.2
1951 .6
18 19
545.6
544.2 512.8 453.4 371.7
20
21
22 23 24
281.5
198.0
1477.9 1039.6
1007.4 1149.7 1290.4 1416.6 1516.5 1580.7 1602.7 1579.7 1513.7 1417.5 1309.3
1078.8 1303.8
1
536.1
1752.9 1933.9
2062.0 2124.9
2115.5
2033.0
1885.5 1699.0 1507.3
(Btu/hr)
*__*
Cooling Load
c
l1
8-43
First, the hourly Soar heat gains are determined using the same solution procedure Sho1/n in Problem 8-38. The results are Sho\/n below. Note that the Sola irradiation on the window is the Same aS that shown in Problem 8-10. Also, note that the calculated Soar gain at 3:00 p.m. is slightly different from that shown in Problem 8-38 due to rounding errors.
lnput Data
27.2 4.8
ft',
ft2
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163
Diffuse SHGC Angular SHGC - 0' Angular SHGC - 40' Angular SHGC - 50' Angular SHGC - 60" Angular SHGC - 70" ngular SHGc - 80" Frame sGc
0.6 0.7 0.67 0.64 0.58 0.45 0.23
0.03'1
Clock
Time
1.00
2.00 3.00
4.00
5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00 10.00 11.00 12.00 13.00 14,00 15.00 16.00 17.00 18.0 19.00
lnc. ngle, ' 87.03 101 .06 114.99 128.63 141.58 152.80 159.17 156.37 146.65 134.23 120.81 106.97 92.97 78.94 65.01 51.37 38.42 27.20 20.83 23.63 33.35 45.77 59.19 73.03
Dir
Btu/hr-ft2 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 54.68 18.63 170.01 201.20 202.07 151.27 5.07 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.00
1
lrradiation,
Btu/hr-ft2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.93 23.08 32.24 39.29 44.53 47 .91 52.42 56.44 59.38 60.32 57.93 50.35 33.70 1.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
lrradiation,
0'00 0.00
0.00
163.51
380.04 530.96
647.01
3940.06
4657.12 4594.55
3393.40
111.74 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ln the original RS methodology, two types of radiant time fators v/ere utilized to convert So|ar heat gains into cooling oads. The Solar.-RTS was used to convert the beam transmitted solar gain whie the Nonsoar-RS V/aS used to convert all other Solar gains' However, to simpify the calculations, only one RTS (Nonsolar-RTs) is used in this edition. Since the calculated Solar heat gains include both transmitle ad absorbed Solar gains, the recommended radiative and convectivsplits shown in Table 820 would not be applicable. For this problem, it is assumed that the radiative fraction of the combined solar heat gain is about 0.9. Therefore,
Exets from this wrk may be reproduced by instructors fr distribution on a not-for-profit basis for tSting or instructional purposes only t
studentsenrolledincoursesforwhichthe textbookhasbeenadopted. nytherreproductionrtrnsltionfhisrkbeyondhpermied by Sectins 107 or ]0B ofthe 976 Unied Sttes Copyrigh cwhu he permissin ofhe cpyright oner is unlfu.
164 the radiative/convective split is 90%110%. Then, apply the split to determine the convective and radiative heat gains and apply Equation 8-67 to the radiative heat gains to determine the radiative cooling load. nd, finally, sum the radiative cooling load and the convective heat gain to get the cooling load.
Heat Gain
Solar
Hour
1
(Btu/hr)
Convective HG
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
16.4
Radiative
HG
Cooling Load
141.0
2
3
4
5
I
9 10
11
12
13 14
15
16 17
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 163.5 380.0 531.0 647.0 733.3 789.0 863.3 1314.4 2657.1 3940.1
4657.1
38.0
53.1
477.9
582.3
450.5
543.8
660.0
710.1
265.7 394.0
465.7
615.8 687.3
932.5 1661.8
2566.6
3304.7 3630.8 3261.0 1624.6
912.1
2960.6
3770.4
18 19
4594.6 3393.4
111.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
459.5
339.3
11.2
4090.3
3600.4 1635.8
912.1
20
21
22 23 24
Exerpts from this work may be reprodued by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional puoses ony to permied students enrolled in courses }or whih the textbook has been adopted. ny other reproducin or rnsion of his rk beyond th by Secions 1 07 or ] 08 of the 1 97 6 Uniecl Ses Copyrgh c |uithu the permissin f he copyright owner is unful.
-165
4500.0 4000.0
(!
I
3500.0 3000.0
2500.0
J.
_*x-
2000.0
1500.0
1
(!
000.0 500.0
0.0
B-44
This problem uses the same solution procedures as Problem 8-43. Note that the solar irradiation on the window is the same as that shown in Problem 8-11. Also, note that the calculated Soar gain at 3:00 p.m. is slightly different from that shown in Problem 8-39 due to rounding errors. Th radiative/convective split of 90%l10% is also used for this problem.
Area Frame Area Diffuse SHGC Angular SGc - 0" Angular SHGC - 40' ngular SHGO - 50' Angular SHGC - 60' Angular SHGC - 70' Angular SHGC - 80" Frame SHGC
Glass Clock
Time
1.00 2.00 3.00
lnPut Data
27.2 4.8
0.57 0.68 0.65 0.62 0.54 0.39 0.18 0.029
ft'
ft2
Angle,'
152.14
154.11 '150.59
lnc.
Dir lrrad,
Btu/hr-
OutPut Data
0.00
0.00 0.00
or instructional puoses only to EetS from this work may be reprdued by instructors fbr distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing the textbook has been adopted. ny other reproiucon or trnslin f his ork beyond th Permied students enrolled in courses fbr which is unlful. by Sectins 07 or 08 f the ] 97 6 (]nied Sttes Copyright ct wihou the permission f the copyrigh oner
166
4.00
5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00 10.00
1
84.88
77.37 71.58
22.70
58.92 87.76 105.54 1 10.30 101.56 80.22 48.70 11.34 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
1.00
12.00
'13.00
2255,35
2046.81 1551.04
978.1 5
45.86
36.84 26.46 14.28 0.32 0.0 0.00 0.0
592.46 413.94
21.00
22.00 23.00 24.00
223.45 4.97
0.00 0.00 0.00
our
1
Solar
Convective
HG
Radiative
Cooling Load
356.3 341.8 328.6 316.4 305.0
294.1 303.1
2 3
4 5
o
7
I I
61.9 278.9
464.4
27.9
46.4 68.1
10
11
680.7
1139.7 1721.4 2140.2 2255.4 2046.8 1551.0
978.1
114.0
172.1
12
13
14
15
214.0 225.5
204.7
1
to 17 18 19
55.1 59.2
592.5
413.9
223.4 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55.7 251.0 418.0 612.7 1025.8 1549.2 1926.2 2029.8 1842 1 1395.9 880.3 533.2 372.6
201.1
366.8
437.6
525.2 697.2
935.1
853.6 723.9
951.4
783.1
633.6
551.8 465.4
675.0
574.1
20
21
22 23 24
----
..--o.0
465.9
421.3 393.5 373.0
421.3
393.5 373.0
Excets from this wrk may be reprodued by instructors or distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instrutional puoses only to students enrolled in courses for whih the textbok has been adoted' ny oher reprducion or rnslon of his ork beyond th permed by Secions ]07 or ]08 ofhe 976 Unied Sttes Cpyrigh clithout lhe permissin ofhe copyright oner is uncrful'
167
2000.0
500.0
E
(E
--l_Solar
000.0
500.0
0.0
8-45
Hour
I
Heat Gain (w) 200.0 200.0 200.0 200.0 20.0 200.0 200.0 2000.0 2000.0
2000.0
lnternal
Convective
HG
Radiative HG
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1000.0 1000.0 1000.0
'10.
Cooling Load
(V
2
3
4
5
6
7
10
11
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1000.0 1000.0
225.3
216.6 211.0
116.6
111.O
107.3 105.0
103.4
207.3 205.0
203.4 202.4 1566.7 1753.8
1
851 .1
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
10.
1000.0 1000.0 100.0 1000.0 1000.0 1000.0 1000.0 100.0
2000.0
2000.0
200.
200.0
906.9 940.8
962.1
1906.9 1940.8
1962.1
632.6
EXcetS from this wrk may be reprduced by instructors fr distribution on a not-fr-profit basis for testing or instructional puses only to students enolled in ourses for which th tetbook has been adopted. ny her reproduction or trnstion of this rk beyond h permitted bySectins 07 or 08of he ]976UniedSttesCpyrightctwithutthepermissinf thecpyrighownerisunlcrful.
'168
20
21
22 23 24
446.2 349.2
293.6 259.9
238.7
138.7
'6
2000.0
1500.0
()
(!
+*x-
lnternal
l-1eat
Gain (W)
(\/)
Cooling Load
o
(
8-46
lnternal Heat Gain
Hour
1
rw)
Convective
HG
Radiative
HG
200.0
2
3
200. 20.
200.0
4
5
200.0
200.0
I
o
10
11
12
'13
14
100.0 1.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1000.0 1000.0 1000.0 1000.0 100. 1000.0
10.0
'100.0 100.0
100.0
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1000.0 1000.0 100.0 1000.0 100. 1000.0 1000.0
492.9 481.7
471.2
461.3 452.1 443.3
15'18.9
630.8
1647.1
661.9
1661.9
xets from this work may be reproduced by instuctors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional puoses only to students enroled in ourses for which the textbook has been adopted' ny oher reprductn or rnsl(tion of his work beyond tht permied by Sectins 07 or ] 08 of the 1 976 Unied Sttes Copyrgh c'ihou he permissionbf the cpyrigh wner is unlful.
'169
15 16 17 18 19
2000' 2000.0
2000.0
20
21
22 23 24
100.0 1000.0 1000.0 1000.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
1000.0 1000.0 1000.0 1000.0 100.0 100. 10. 100.0 100.0 100.
675.5
688.2 700.0
711 .1
1675.5
'1688.2
1700.0
1711 .1
537.6 495.7
637.6
595.7 569.9 549.9 533.2 518.4
469.9
449.9 433.2 418.4
200.0
1500.0
----
1000.0
*-s*
500.0
;
0.0
:.
.::l
L-.*
&-x** *
cerpts tiom this ork may be reprodued by instructrs for distributin on a not_for-profit basis fr testing or instrutional puoses only to students enroled in ouses 1br whih the textbook has been adopted. ny oher reproduction or trnson of this work beyond h permied by Secins ]07 or ]08 fhe 976 Lnited SteS Cpyright c ihou he permiSSin fhe copyrigh oner is unlwful'
170
Zone Responses
o (!
o
:=
2000.0
, 1500.0
o
a'
o
o
_--.*
,
(,
1000.0
'6
-t)
(,
50.
*. \
\
5**+-
15
17
19
21
23
Hour
Excets f?om this work may be reprodued by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional puoses only to students enrolled in courses fr whih th textbook has been adopted. ny oher reproclucin or rnsionbf hs work beyod ih permied by Sections ]07 r ]08 ofhe }976 United Stes Cpyright ctwithut the permissin fhe cpyrigh wner i unlful'
171
8-48
Assumptions applied to each heat gain are discussed in the solution to Probem 8-15. The equipment heat gain is assumed to be continuous. The total convective and radiative heat gains are determined in the folowing table. he atent cooing oads are equivalent to the latent heat gains shown in the last column.
Total Total Latent from
Name:
Radiative
Fraction:
99p]9_ Lihtino
0.7 0.59
Euipment
0.2
otal
Radiative
Convective
People
llor
1
eat Gain
(\/)
Heat Gain (w) 4000 4000 400 4000 4000 4000 4000 4000 400 4000 4000 4000 4000 4000 4000 4000 4000 4000 4000 4000 4000 40 4000 4000
Gain (W)
4000 4000 4000 400 4000 4000 4000
0960 0960 1 0960 1 0960 1 0960 1 0960 1 0960 1 960 1 0960 1 0960 8800
1 1
Heat
Gain (W)
800 800 800 800 800
Heat
Heat Gain
r
320C)
0
U
2 3
0 0 0
4
5
6
7
0 0 0
0
I
10
11
2160 2160
2160 2160 2160 2160
12 13 14 15
16
2160
2160 2160 2160
0 0
U
17 18 19
800 800 5144 5144 5144 5144 5144 5144 5144 5144 5144 5144
3632 800 80 800 800 800 800
5816
581 6 581 6 581 6
350
5816
581 6
58l 6
5168 3200
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
20
21
0 0
22 23 24
0 0
The sensible loads are then determined from the radiative and convective heat gains using Equation 8-67 and the radiant time factors from able 821, as shown in the next table.
cets liom this work may be reproduced by instructors 1br dlsribltlon n a notbr-pofit basis for testing or instructiona] purposes ony to it- lrses fr hich the tebook has ben adptd. l;l er reprdction or trnslcio cf his 'ork beyond h erfrited by Sectils ] 07 r 08 f he 97 6 Unied SteS Copyrigh c ihou le ernission f the cpyrigh '!'ner iS unl.ful'
suderrts en:-olled
172
Hour
1
Heat Gain (w) 4000.0 4000.0 4000.0 400.0 4000.0 4000.0 4000.0
10960.0 10960.0 10960.0 10960.0 10960.0 10960.0 1096.0 10960.0
'10960.0
lnternal
Convective G
320.0 3200.0 3200.0 3200.0 3200.0 3200.0 3200.0 5816.0 5816.0 5816.0 5816.0 5816.0 5816.0 5816.0 5816.0
58 1 6.0
Radiative
HG
2
3
4
5
6
7 8 9 10
11
12
'13
14
15 16 17 18
'19
10960.0
20
21
22 23 24
800.0 800.0 800.0 800.0 800.0 800.0 800.0 5144.0 5144.0 5144.0 5144.0 5144.0 5144.0 5144.0 5144.0 5144.0 5144.0
2162.5
2110.6 2062.1 2016.7 1973.8 1933.3 2782.4
2996.'1
5310.6
5262.1 5216.7 5173.8
5133.3
8598.4
8812.1
3131.2 3237.5
8947.2
9053.5
9144.0 9224.1 9296.7
3328.
3408.1 3480.7 3547.6 3609.6
JOO /. /
9363.6
9425.6 9483.7 8581.3 5999.1 5825.5
3632.0
800.0 80.0 800.0 800.0 800.0 800.0
3413.3 2799.1
5712.4
5622.9
5546.8
5479.4
2279.4
'6
o
,
instructional purposs only to xets fiom this wok may be reproduced by instructofs for distrlbution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or ht permited enrolled in ouses fo which th textbok has been adopted' ny other reprducion or trnsion of this rk beyond students ]976 Jnited Sttel Cpyrigh ct\'ithout the permissin ofhe cpyrigh owner is unlfu. by Secions 07 or 08 fthe
173 8-49
Assumptions applied to each heat gain are discussed in the solution to Problem 8-'16. The equipment heat gain is assumed to be continuous; the lighting heat gain is assumed to occur from 8 a.m.-6 p.m. The total convective and radiative heat gains are determined in the following table. The latent cooling oads are equivalent to the latent heat gains shown in the last column.
otal
Name:
People
0.7
Liohtin .59
Eioment
0.2
Total
Radiative
Total Convective
Pete
Latent from
Radiative
Fraction:
Hour
1
2
3
0 0
0
4
5
6
7
0 0
0 0
9 't0
11
2835
2835 2835 2835 2835 2835
12 13
14
15
'16
17 18 19
2835
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
5625 5625 5625 5625 5625 5625 5625 5625 5625 5625 5625
0 0
0
Heat Gain rw) 700 7000 7000 7000 7000 7000 7000 7000 7000 7000 700
7000
Gain (W)
70 7000
700
Heat
Gain (W)
1400 1400 1400 1400 1400 1400 140
Heat
eat Gain
/\
7000
7000
7000
7000
20
21
22 23 24
'15460
6703.25 6703.25 6703.25 6703.25 6703.25 6703.25 6703.25 6703.25 6703,25 6703.25
4718.75
1
12625
7000
400
7000 7000
7000 700
1400 1400
1
400
7000
1400 1400
5600 5600 5600 5600 5600 560 5600 8756.75 8756.75 8756.75 8756.75 8756.75 8756.75 8756.75 8756.75 8756.75 8756.75 7906.25 5600 5600 5600 5600 5600 5600
0 0
0 0
2835 2835
2835 2835
2835 2835 2835
2835 2835
2835
0
0
0 0
0
0
The sensible loads are then determined from the radiative and convective heat gains using quation 8-67 and the radiant time factors from able 821 , as shown in the next table.
EXcetS fm this work may be reprodued by instrutors for distribution on a not_for_prfit basis or testing or instructional puoses only to students enro|led in courses for whih the textbok has been adopted. ny her reproduction or rnslin f this ork beyond tht permited
by Secions ]07 or ]08
174
Hour
1
lnternal
Convective G
5600.0 5600.0 5600.0 5600.0 5600.0 5600.0 5600.0 8756.8 8756.8 8756.8 8756.8 8756.8 8756.8 8756.8 8756.8 8756.8 8756.8 7906.3 5600.0 5600.0 5600.0 5600.0 5600.0 5600.0
Radiative
HG
2
3
1400.0 1400.0
1
400.0
4
5
6
7
140.0 140.0
1
400.0
8235.8
8192.7 12571.3 13049.3 13296.5 13451.2 13563.6 13654.2
13732.1
140.0
8
9
10
11
12
'13
14 15
o
17
'18
6703.3 6703.3 6703.3 6703.3 6703.3 6703.3 6703.3 6703.3 6703.3 6703.3
4718.8 1400.0 1400.0 1400.0 1400.0 1400.0 1400.0
4539.8
4694.4
4806.9
4897.4 4975.3 5045.3 5109.7 5170.2 4754.8 3825.2 3446.7 3246.7 31 19.9 3027.2 2952.4
13802.0 13866.5
'13926.9
19
20
21
22 23 24
'6
14000.0
'12000.0
oE
IE
(!
---G- lnternal
q)
*x*
Cooling Load ()
basis for tsting or instrutional puoses only to xcerpts tio this work may be reproduced by instuctors f distribution n a not-for-profit reprodc'tin or trnson of ths ork beyond ht permitted students enrolled in ourses tbr which the textbook has been adopted. ny other thecopyrightonerisunful' iysr,iton, 107 r ]0Bf the 1976JnitedSttesCopyrighctlithoutthipermissinof
175
8-50
Heat gain to the space = 0.8 x 6000 W = 4800 W, assumed 59% radiative, 41o/o convective, from able 8-20' The sensible loads are then determined from the radiative and convective heat gains using Equation 8-67 and the radiant time factors from Table 8-21, as shown below. here are no latent cooling loads.
Heat Gain (w)
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0
lnternal
our
1
Convective G
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1968.0 1968.0 1968.0 1968.0 1968,0 1968.0
Radiative HG
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2832.0 2832.4
2 3
4
0.0
6
7 8 9
10
11
12 13 14
15 16 17 18
't9
4800.0 4800.0 4800.0 4800.0 4800.0 4800.0 4800.0 4800.0 4800.0 4800.0 4800.0 4800.0 480.0
0.0
1473.9
2832.0
2832.0
2060.5 2365.5
2540.5 2646.7
3441.9 4028.5
4333.5 4508.5
4614.7 4681.2
2832.0
2832.0
2713.2
2755.6
'1968.0
2832.0
2832.0 2832.0 2832.0
4723.6
4750.9 4768.5
20
21
22 23 24
1968.0 1968.0 1968.0 1968.0 1968.0 1968.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2782.9 2800.5
2812.0
2832.0
2832.0 2832.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2819.5
2824.3
2827.5
1366.5 777.9
471.8
296.0 189.3 122.5
471.8 296.0
189.3 122.5
A plot showing the lighting heat gain and resuting cooling loads follows.
puoses ony toExcerpts frm this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution n a not-for-pro1it basis 1br testing r instrutional this ork beynd ht permited students enoled in courses tbr hih the tsxtbook has been adopted. ny ther reproclucion or trnston f by Secion 107 r ]08 ofthe 976 United Saes Copyri?h c1|,ithou the permission ofhe copyrigh olner is unlful.
176
t6000.0 5000.0
,6
4000.0 3000.0
--{-
o l,
57
11 13 15 17 19 21
Hour
23
8-5'1
The schedule described in problem 8-18 is reduced to the number of peope present per hour in the table below. Assuming "Seated, light office *ork'', the sensible heat gain per person is 245 Btu/hr (72) and the latent heat gain per person is 2bO Btu/hr (59 W). lnternal heat gains from occupants are assumed to be 70o/o radiative. The latent cooling loads are equivalent to the latent heat gains shown in the table. The sensible loads are then determined from the radiative and convective 8heat gains using Equation 8-67 and the radiant time factors from Table 21 , as shown below.
on a not-fr-profit basis for testing r nstructional purposes only to Exerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution of his work beyond h permied fbr which the textbook t-,u, ..n uopt. . ny ther repriucon or rnslion Studnts enoled in courses cyithou hi permissin fthe copyrigh owner is unlful' by Secins ]07 or ]08 ofhe 976 United SeS Copyri?ht
177
Latent heat gain
(\/)
Hour
1
resent
0
0
People
lnternal
Convective
HG
Radiative
HG
2
3
0
0
4
5
0
0
6
7
I
9
0
0
10
11
12
13
14
'15
40 40 60 60 60 70 70
70 10
0 0
2880.0 2880.0
4320.0 4320.0 4320.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 864.0 864.0 1296.0 1296.0
'1296.0
0
0 0
0
0
2016.0 2016.0
3024.0 3024.0 3024.0 3528.0 3528.0 3528.0 504.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1021.8 1484.5
16 17 18 19
20
21
0
0
22 23 24
0
0 0
4080.5 4655.9
4829.9
3410.8
1931 .3
4922.8 2147.3
1010.7 552.7 309.2 175.8
101.1
0
0 0
58.8 34.6
58.8 34.6
'
--*-
*-s*
puoses only to Excets from this work may be reprodued by instructors fr distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instrutional ht permited students enrolled in course s for which the textbook has been adopted. ny oher reproducin or rnsion of hs ork beyond by Secins ] 07 or ] 08 f the 97 6 (Jnitecl Ses Copyrgh c |ihu the permissin f he copyright wner is unlfu.
178
basis for distribution on a not-for-profit wrk may be reprduced by instru:lor:.fo, Excerpts from this for which the textbok has been i, purposes on1y stues enr1led "or.r"s by Sections ]07 or 10B testing or instrutional o}ths ork beyo'nd tht permitted owner is unlwful' adopted. ny other repiodction "y ""ititi" the permission-o/'u copyrgit ct of the 1976 (Jnitecl itotus Copyright 'iin, he Piimiision Deprtment, John nfrmtionilroua i" oaarrrruio h'uouurt, for permission or further
'';i,;;;'';:"{,-i", il l Riir
CHAPTER 9
average degree day is 6283' From Table 9-1, the number of From Fig. 9-1, Co = 0'60 Using q' 9-2,
f-
_ tu l hr)(}'60) (24hr l dy)(6283' F dy)\2-^2-^1000 = 438,727 std ft3 (0 (7_ 12"tr)(10 \tu l stdff)
f-
= 102,867 kw-hr
Sec_$Gs
$Gs
|0287_974 914
4.2
5'2 times as much' or the electric cost is about Source energy using eec' Source energy using gas
=
@at)(000stdff
438'7 mcf
= 1063'6 mcf
_ (1 02,s 67 k-t4l
hD
!u_
kY-' hr)
lm
>_-
S,_SG
1063.6
_438'7
DU' The following are information for Washington' degree day is 4224' From Table g-l,1he number of average From Fig. 9-1 , CD= O'62' is 20 "F' From Table B-1a, the outdoor temperature
"
_ dy)(|20'000t u
hr)(0'62\ 'o'=177,468stdft3
20"trX1O00tu l stdft3)
9-4
+5 Qro" = ato
1
Load Profiles
80000
120,OO0=a(20)+b g=2(gQ)+b
160000
toooo
t_ l z000
lo
soooo 6oooo 4oooo
2OoOo
0
E'
30
4o
3'Oo0
to
20'00
only to for testing or instructional puosS for distribution on a not-'br-pro'it basis *is wor-k beyond ht permited this work may be reprduced by instrutrs Exets from -ny oher *p-a""ri"]r'i,o^o*7 the txtbook r-,* *. studnts enrolled in courses to. w,-' ""pi.. of he copyright oner is unlful' copyrgn, 'a}i:i';;u' i'! irr'*i" l'oii'ii'ri,',r, by Secions ]07 or 108 o7 m,
186
9-6
Group
lll
ll
lVVVl
Sunday
Monday
shift 2
shift
1481012162024
Hour
shift
0 0
il
t
0 5 5 5 5
1.0
0.36
0.71 0.71 0.71
0.64
0.29 0.29 0.29
IV
4 4
20 20 20
V
VI
instructional puoses only t Ecets from his wrk may be reprodued by instrutors for distribution n a not-for-profit basis for testing or has been adopted- ny other reprodiction or rcnsion f this wrk beyond ht permited students enrolled in courses for whrch the textbook hecopyrighowneriSunlfu. bySecins ]07 r ]08of the 976(JnitedSteSCopyrightcthoutthepermissionof
lo/
9-6 (Cont.)
Bin.
Temp
62 57 52 47 42 37 32 27 22
17 12
lII
0 0
0 0
III
IVVVI
shift
69 58 86 87 99 75 66 28 22
11
1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0
0 0 0
34 38 49 36 35 32 27
10
I
1
96 77 67 47 48 38 28 17
12
1
68 82 94 62 65 54 36 17
16
hrs 267
shift 2 hrs
255 296
232 247 199
157 72 58 22 2
4
0
Tota:
9-7
1807
2994
The procedure is the same as Problem 9-6. Use appropriate bin data from pp. B in last step as per Table 9-3.
9-8
Refer to xample 9-2, insert shift hours of Problem 9-6 in column 2 and 3 of Table 9-5 and recalculate.
9-9
Reconstruct able-9-3 for the appropriate city to obtain Shift A and Shift B hours. lnsert the hours in columns 2 and 3 of Table 9-5 and recalculate.
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188
9-10
Reconstruct Table 9-3 using the shift hour fractions from Problem 9-6 and bin hours and temperatures for the appropriate city. lnsert the shift hours in column 2 and 3 of Table 9-5 and bin temperatures in column 1 and recalculate.
9-1
'/'''
Exets from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for_profit basis for testing or instructional puoses only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny ther reproduction r trnstion of this 'rk beyond ht permitted by Secions ] 07 or 108 ofhe 976 [Jnied Ses Copyrigh c ithout the permission ofthe copyrigh oner is unlful.
Exets from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distributin on a not-for-prfit basis fr testing or instrutinal puoses only to students enrolled in courses fr which the textbook has been adpted. ny other reproduction or trnsltion of this wrk beyond tht permitted by Sections 107 or 0B of the 1976 Jnited Sttes Copyright ct without the permission f the copyright ov)ner is unlwful. Requests for permission or further informtion should be ddressed to the Permission Deprtment, John Wiley & Sons, nc, ] ] ] Rier Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030'
CHAPTER
1O
1O-1. (a)
neglect
',*
o+ + _Pz+'
(!
iz;
Wp =
+
=
Zz+
-80 (ft
Wp +
tt, Vl
VziZ=z
-, g/g/"
lbf)/lbm
Pz = Pl + Wp = 20 + 62.4(80)1144 = 54.7 psig Ps = Pz - Ps_ U:)rg= 54.7 _ (62'4 X 50)/1 44 _ (20 x 62'41144)
24'4 psig
(1't)g+
P=Pz- PZ-((izg_
28.7 psig
=54.7
ffiX25)
(#)(20+
'15) =
(b) Neglecting the pump, the pressure or head required for this pipe is:
= 28'7 - 20
psi or P
8.7 psi
20.1 ft.
87I
I
lo tl l l) |
20
Note:
of the total
system.
0L_
oa
= Hz
150
(.
10-2.
* +
trZz=
(8 x 2.31)
250 + 30 + 300
190
= 98.5 ft of water
=
Jt
= -325ft: H^ = 325ft of head
(
'10-3.
l_z=Hp+ !,t+z=0
H^ =
('-2,
-25- 300
970 kPa
10-4.
100
+
)+ 12 + 1b
5o
75
10-5. (a)l=al+Z
Hz=zQz+z
Series Connection
H2
L
(
.)
z2
Hq
-c.
Ql=Qz;Sum
H=lr
xcerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors 1br distribution on a not-for-proit basis for testing or instrutinal puoses only to students enolled in ourses for vhih the textbook has been adoted' ny her reproducion or rnsion of his rk beyond h permitted by Sections ]07 or 08 ofhe ]976 United Ses Copyrighctwithou the permissin fhe copyrigh oner is unfu.
191
Ql=
Q
^E,z= Yar
l
+Q
=Q
6ra*M)'
10-6.
r= JH_(Jil q * ^[- . )
+
^E Yaz
4.026
12
/d=o.ooo1
12 5" 4.026
/D = 0.00045; f = (,=
0'022 Fig.
10-1
(6.30)2
= 12.6 ft of water
38 kPa
-'.--Excerpts frm this work may be reprodued by instructors for djstribution on a nt-for-profit basis for testing or instrutional puoses only to students enrolled in courses or which the textbook has been adoped' ny ther reproduction or rnstion of his ork beyond h permitted by Secions ] 07 or 1 08 of the ] 976 United Stes Cpyright ct ithou he permission of he copyright wner is unlful.
192
10-7.
(a)
(
J-
so
925
100
125
150
gpm
(b)
Qn
48 gpm; Qs
24 gpm; Qc
= 32 gpm;
(c) (d)
28ft
60 gpm Qs = 32 gpm Qc = 41 gpm
Qn
_ 125 gpm
10-8.
z _ 0
=O.9O8O
9= + ai 50'
30'
9= a6
= +=+ aa 45'
a2
= o'o278
=o.O'148
H(^n/o!o8
+
02
645.06
Jt
oza + J.roua)2
= 0.001
55Q2
(b) Q
1S.5 ft
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instrutors for distribution on a nt-for-prfit basis for testing r instructional purposes only to students enro]ed in courses for which the textbook has been adopted' ny other reproduction or rnsltion of this work beyoncl h permiedbySectins 07 or l08 of he ]976LlniedSalesCpyrightct]ihouhepermissionf he copyrighnerisunlfu.
Hn = Hs = c = 'l5.5 ft
193
Qn=
Qg=
J/r
=.,/l55/O.OO8 =44gpm
=
.'m
lo'o2?8
23'6 pm
Qc =
Jss/oJl4g
(a)
= 32.4 gom
= 0.001
(c) From
above. H
55(12q2 = 24.2 tt
Qn=
Qg =
=55qpm
=
=
J2lo278
29.5 gpm
4O.4 qpm
Qc = J%2to148
= 125 gpm
1o-9.
= CA
r|2g"(P, '--L
_Pr)l''''
-]
D2
P_Pz
Q
m2
= 0.63S(0.0056 5)t2(13,013)11/2 =
V
C6
z=
3.26 m/s; Re
999(3'26)(0:085)
1.4x10-3
10-9.
^:
194
L-" [ )] L
= 59'83 lbm/ft3
1t2
=3.97 ft/sec
r+][q''l2 4r 12 )
o.z
10-11
(a) 40
35
T2s
(b)
(c) (d)
his is actually out of the operating range of the pump and the
efficiency is very low. ln situations like this there is a danger of overloading the pump motor; however, that does not appear to be a problem in this case since the motor is probably a 2HP model.
xcerpts from this work may be reprodced by instrutors for distribution on a not_fr-profit basts for testing or instrutional purpses only to students enrlled in ourses for whih the textbok has been adpted. ny other reprodctin r rnslion f his work beyond tht permied by Sections ]07 or 08 fhe 1976 Uned Stes Copyrightct1|ihout he permissin fthe copyrigh oner is unlcrlful.
195
10-12. NPSHR
NPSHA
= =
20
62.2
az.z
"=32'85_20_2_1'17
'10-13. (a) 231 gpm, p = 73'4% W, = 12* tlP
200
140
100
10-14.
(a) (b)
= 73.3o;
W,
= 11. 5
HP
185
149
r=73.5%;Ws=14P
(c)
o= 73o/o,
W.
= 14 P
gpm
225
231
10-15 From Problem 10-14b, the original system defined by 225 gpm and 149
ft of head and would operate at 242 gpm, 173 ft of head and require 14.4 HP with the 7in impellor. hen,
Ecerpts 1iom this work may be reprduced by nstrutors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instrutinal puoses nly to students enrolled in urses for which the textbook has been adopled' ny her reproducion or rnsion f his wrk beynd th permited by Sections ] 07 or 08 of he 97 6 United Stes Copyrigh c ithou he permission of he cpyright lner is unlwful.
_. _
196
H^ =
" 3 "
1
3500/
(go37
)'
=
= l3O ft
w^
4.4(s037)' 3500,
e.4 HP
1o-16
Dn
"r(#)=
()'
7(o e7)
6 8 in
Hn = *,
173
(o'g44)= 163 ft
1.
.[)u
= 14'4(o'g17)
= 13 2
(a) 25 gm; 1 % in., V < 4 ftlsec,2in dia. or less (b) 40 gpm; 2in. V < 4 fVsec,2in dia. or less (c) 15 gpm; 1in., v < 4 fUsec, 2in dia. or less (d) 60 gm;2% in', '(,'1< 4 pVsec; dia > 2 in. (e) 2OO gpm; g %in., .(,'1< 4 ftllOO pUsec; dia > 2in.
2ooo gpm; 8 in., /1 slightly
>
4 ftl1oo
ft
Exerpts 1iom this work may be reprduced by instructors fbr distribution on a not-fr-profit basis for testing or instructional puosos only to students enroled in courses tbr which the textbook has been adopted' ny her reproduction or trnsion of this ork beyond h permied by Secions ] 07 or 08 of he ] 97 6 Unted Ses Copyrigh c ithu the permission of he cp,'igh ner is unlwful.
197
(b) K
f/sec; !
= 5.78
= 5.78 x 5.02t132.2
x2)
2.24 ft
= 0.71 ft
2.31
(#)'
Pg = 35 kPa
'27
kPa
kPa
p = 145.419'807 = 14.8 m
= O.O3 mu/s
30 L/s
10-21. Size the pipe using Fig. 10-20 or program PIPE. Fitting equivalent lengths found using Fig. 10-22a; 10-22b and able 10-2' Program PPE could be used to solve the complete problem including fitting losses. Data for hard calculations are summarized below:
xcerpts from this work may be reproduced by instrutors for distribution on a not-for-pro1it basis for testing or instrutional puoses nly to students enroled in ourses or whih the textbook has been adopted' ny other reproducion or rnstion of his ork beyond ht permitted by Sections ]07 or 08 ofhe 976 Unied SleS Cpyright clihu he permission ofhe cpyrigh oner is unful.
198
lO(3)
ro(3)
1ot3]
I
/o\
\:-/
o(3)
55)
Sec.
No.
1
qpm
stze
3
it
ft./'100 ft
Le
ft.
t
ft.
tn.
Valve
Con.
ft.
Coil
ft.
otal
ft.
120
70 2.5 40 2 40
2
3.38 3.64
3.'1 3.'1
45
'15
1.5
1.5
0.6
11.4
12.1
6 7
24
13
12.0
12.4
1.6 1.4
4
10 2 3
90 2.5 120
3
27
42
22
5
2 50 2 30 1.5 30 1.5
10.0 10.0
14.4
26 28
13
1.2 1.8
I
9
0.8
15.0
15.8
ch
120
20
Exerpts lrom this work may be reproduced by instrutors for distribution on a not-1br-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to students enrol]ed in courses or whih the tXtbook has been adopted' ny her reproducin or trisltin of his ori beyoncl h permitted by Secions ] 07 or 08 of he ] 976 (nted SeS Copyrigh ct wihut the peimission f he cpyrigh ower is uncnful.
199
same.
The head losses for the three parallel runs are approximately the
For run (1-5-6-Z-4-10), Hp = 49.6 ft For run (1-5-S-g-10), Hp = 55.5 ft For run (1-2-3-4-10), Hp = 46J ft Therefore, a pump should be selected to provide about 56 ft of head at
120 gpm.
4.17 fil1OO
ft
= 8.0
ftlsec
ft
ft
(Figure 10_22)
17
'5 ft of water
!
17
"o
[#)'
hen Hp =
10-23'Use q. 10-33
Exerpts frm this work may be reprodued by instructors for distribution on a not-or-profit basis fbr testing or instructional puoss only to students enrolled in ourses fr which the textbook has been adopted ny her eprdacton or rq'nsion of his ork beynd th permied by Sections ] 07 or 08 of he 1 976 United Ses Cpyright ct ihut he peimission of the cpy.igh owner is unlfu.
200
,,_
".
_ -
6oott*:;*g
I
-oull
gz.g
= 19.4 9a1. = 74 L
oo[[9
g L[ 0'10zz
_,'l _ 3x6.5x1
o_u (1,, o _
'-___-_-J
ou1l
33 L
'_ 69:%,
V=
= _11_5_gal.
435 L
10-26
'10-16
'g"9c
=
lL
9c
24o
t,
''
ff
(zz-z)+ w
P9n LE
-
9cl
Exerpts from this work may be reproduced by instrutors for distribution on a nt_for-profit basis for testing r instructional purposes only to students enrolled in ourses for which the textbook has been adopted,' ny other reproducton or ffion of his wori beyond-h permied by Secins ]07 r ]08 fhe 976 L]nied Ses Copyrightcthou he peimission fthe copyrigh ower is untful'
=
(b)
e4o)
#(60)
es1=Be psis or
61
2 kpa201
(z-zz)=89.o
=
-effi
has a
Pz = -15 psig
(c) No, makeup water is not available to overcome a pressure of gg psig. However, the domestic water system probabry
booster pump.
10-27
(a)
Pz *
o* (zz-z) + * 9, gc 9c
62.4(60)
62.4(240) 5+ 144
144
62.4(25) 144
'n0.8
(b) =Pz+
Pl
!9
9c
(zz-z)
kPa
Excerpts from this work may be repoduced by instructors for distributin n a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructinal puoses only to students enrolled in courses for which the iextbook t-,u. ".n permied by Sections ] 07 or 08 of the ] 976 1dj -l rir, rpr"a""ron or rnslion f his work beyond h United Stes copyrighi c withu he p,e1mison of he copyright ner is unlful.
202
(c) This location is at east workable. owever the pressure at the pump is still very high. The domestic service water
floor.
10-28
(oo , sz)
Qo
(a,
x +o)=
(ao x
*Q.
Q= 100
Solve Simultaneous
57Qb + (O x 1OO) - 4OQb = 100 x47
ab =
(b) (c)
17
Q.
= Q.. = 1OO -
0-20 or PIPE
10-29. (a) Each chiller requires 600 gpm. Since chiller 2 is partially loaded
must have the full flow of 600 gpm. Therefore, Q"p = 1200 - 750 = 450 gpm
it
+ (450
x 42)
600 ts, ts
46.5 F
(c) LR
= 150/600 = 0.25
stl.
Excerpts from this work nay be reprodued by instructors for distribution on a not-for_profit basis fbr testing or instructional puoses only to students enlled in courses for whih the textbook has been adopted' ny ther reproductin or trnslion of this work beyond h permited by Sectins ]07 or 08 fhe ]976 United Snes Cpyrighcihu the permissin ofhe copyright oner is unlfu'
203
in.)
Dsc = DRo = 6 n. com. stl. ( could be 5 in. but easier to make all 6
= PIl
(e) Rpm,
050l12oo)
= 35OO(75o/12o0) =
2188
( W
or
*#=1-ff
=,l_[ffiJ' =, (##)
= O 756
75o/o
10-30. (a)
Q"n = 12OO
-750
450 gpm
(b) Qrtr
(450x42)+ (750x60) = 53.3 F 1200 Both chillers receive the same temp. water
+ Qztz = Qsts; ,. =
(c) Load
LR=
10-31.
##=0628or63%
xcerpts from this work may be reprodued by instructors fr distribution on a not-for_profit basis fr testing or instrutiona puoses only to students enrolled in courses for whih the textbook has been adopted. ny her )eproclucion or rnslin of this rk beyoncl th permitted by Sectin's 07 or 108 of he ] 976 Jnitecl Sttes Cpyrgh c wthu he pession of the copyright ner is untful.
204
10
(13)
2(6) 3
*{s) **nt*if r
T'r^;n }iJJ' ^
!
u?
1*{S}
*{s} s 2(s) 8
**rnnr** pip*
10-31.
Fow rate Coil opm (L/s) A 40(2.5) B 40(2.5) c 50(3.2) (continued) Dia.
Lost head ft (m) Coil Con. valve 12(3.7) 10(3) 15(4.6) 12(3.7) 18(5.5) 15(4.6)
Section
No.
1-2
gpm
130 90 50
3
ir
ftl10' 3.7 4.8 5.0
L"
ft
in.
!.r ft
2-3 3-4
^,^il
2% 2
60 20 30
2.2
r;
355
' he reproduced
by instrutors for distribution on a not_or-profit basis fortiting or instructionai puoses ony to -h hih the textbook has been adopted' ny oher eprduction r rislin of his wori beyond ''/ United Ses Cpyrigh c ithou he permission of he copyv.ight oer is unlful.
205
130
0 3 3
3.7 3.4
40
30
40
40
3.4
10
10
ft
(tote
23
80
2%
3.9
20
0.8 28.3
0.5 15 12
ft
ft
(total)
(totat)
Circuit 1-2-3-4-5-1 is the path of greatest lost head. From Fig. 40 ftof head and 130 gpm the 7 in., 1750 rpm model which
ft of head.
{}
*hill*r
p l ]$} $
*ntr*i . valv*
{
typi*xi}
10-32. Notes: Ppe is schedule 40, commercial steel. ll lengths are total equivalent lengths exc|uding control valves.
Circuit
'' be reprodued by instrutors for distribution on a not-for_profit basis for testing or instructional puoses on1y to "hih the textbok has been adopted. ny oh-er )eproducin or rhin o7 tn beyond th '976 United Sttes Cpyrigh c ithou the peission of he copyright ner 'or is unlwful.
206
Section
No.
1-2 2-3
Dia.
gpm
if
ft/'l00' 2.4 4.2 3.5 2.4 2.5
L"
ft
(.t
in.
ft
200
140 70
3-4 Con.
4-1
4 3 2% 4
2% 3 2%
200
60
9.6
40
81 .2
ft tt ft
(total)
140 70
4.2 3.5
200 40
8.4
54.4 51.4
(total) (total)
Con. B
50
1.4
Circuit 1-2-3-4-1 has the largest head loss of al paths. Select pump for 2OO gpm at 81 ft of head. From Fig. 10-1 1, use: 5' in., 3500 rpm model. Will operate at 96 ft at 200 gpm. 10-33
(a)
qst = 20
/1
c, (t,.-t.)
gst
480000
62.4(1) (60-45)
512.8 ft3
orQ=3,8369a1
(b) Vol
ora Space
8 ftdia. x
Qst , (t1ts )
by instrutors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instrutional purposes only to '.'hih the textbok has been adopted. ny oher reproduction r trnsltion of his wrk beyond tht ^76 (ned Ses Copyrigh chout he permission fthe cpyrigh oner is unlful'
207
(b) Vol.
2mx2.4mx2.4m
is:
(a)
Use 2 chillers of '15 tons total capacity in a reverse return system similar to figure 10-32. The piping would be routed overhead around the complex with supply and return running parallel, starting and returning to the equipment room.
Total flow rate is
(b)
Q =16 x2'25
(c)
=225x4x2= 1s00ft.
Assuming an average oss of about 2.5 ft1100 ft; The pump head required would be:
Hp = 2.5 x 3600/100 = g0 ft with flow rate of 36 gpm
(c)The tertiary circuits would be as shown in Figure 10-34 and piped in a reverse return manner. (d)For each building:
Excerpts rom this work may be reprodued by instructors or distribution on a not-fr-profit basis for testing or instrutinal puoses only to students enroled in ourses for whih the textbok has been adopted' ny other reprductin r rislion of his ork' beynd tht pemitted by Sections 07 or 08 of the ] 976 tJnited Ses Cpyrigh c 1ihou the permission of he cpyrigh owner is un:wful.
208
Qi
1500 x 't2000
600 gpm
(e) Dia. = 10
10-36.
IE
o r--5
Possible
10-37
'
ssume boiler pressure of 2'O psig with P/L = 2'O oz or 0'125 psi/1OO ft' (Tabe 10-4a). hen, P = o'125x 175l1OO = 3'5 ozor 0'22 psi P is about zthe alowabe from Table 10-4a'
Assume boiler pressure of 1.o psig with P/L 0'125 psi/1Oo ft. (Tabe 10-4a)' Then P = 0'125 x 175l1OO = 0'22 psi which is near the maximum in able 10-4a' Either boiler pressure could be used,
but select2.0 psig to be conservative.
xc-erpts fiom this work may be reproduced by instructors fr distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in curses for whih the textbok has been adpted. ny oher reproducin or rnsion of his wrk beyoncl tht permited by Sectins 07 or 108 of he ] 97 6 (]nitect Stes Cpyrigh} c ith'u he peimission of he cpyright er is untfu.
209
From Figure 10-48a at 850 lb/hr; P/L = 0.'125 sil100 ft, and boiler pressure of 2.0 psig: Pipe diameter = 4 in., with steam velocity of 4,00 ftlmin at zero psig. Correct velocity to 2'0 psig (Fig. 10-49a)
= 3,800 ftlmin
ft.
Pipe size depends on slope of line, able 10-5a. For slope of 1/8 to in./ft, D = 1 in. nominal specify slope of % in./ft (conservative).
10-39. Refer
The available head is = 2 x'100/110 = 1'82ftl10 ft. Then at 850 lb/hr of condensate flow, D = 1 in. nominal is adequate.
to Table '10-5a.
10-40
(a)
q = rhcp(t,-t,) =
ga##(1)(6s
-..-
- 42)
' ^
(b) ssuming no changes in the temperatures, the total flow rate would
., =
-P 9t 1l25O) 1200 \
'/
be:
= '2
70o/o.
Qmin
469 625
0.75 or or Ts%
Ecerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instrutional puoses only to students enroled in ourses for whih the textbook has been adopted. ny ther reproducin or rnslion f his ork beyond th permitted by Secions ]07 r 08 fthe E976 Lnied Sttes Copyright ct\ithout he pe'mission fhe copyrigh wner is unlvful.
210
RPM,
*x 625
35OO =
2,626
Qp = 0.6(1 250)
750 gpm
This is too much flow for one chiler and not enough for two chillers at minimum flow of 875 gpm or 438 gpm each. herefore, both
chilers will have to operate at least at 438 gpm each and some ftow
RPMP = '
,9'? 1250
fu
35o) = 2'450
(d) t 25% of
d,
which is less than the minimum flow rate for even one chiller. herefore, shut down one chiller and operate the other at least its
minimum flow of 438 gpm. The bypass flow would be: Qop
=
One pump would be shut down and the speed reduced for the other
pump to:
RPM, '
Excerpts 1iom thrs work may be reproduced by instructors for distributin on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional puoses only to students enrolled in urses for whih the textbook has been adopted. ny other reproclucion r rislion of this work beynd'tht permitted by Sections ] 07 or 08 of the ]976 Unied Stes Cpyrigh c withu he permission of he copyright owner is unlfut.
Excerpts from this work may be reprodued by instructors for distribution on a not-fr-prfit basis for testing or instructional pulposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbok has been adopted. ny other reproduction or trsltion of this work beyond tht permitted by Sections ]07 or 0B of the 976 United Sttes Copyright ct without the permission of the copyright iwner is unful. Requests for permission r further informtion should be ddressed to thi permission Deprtm'ent, John Wiley & Sons, nc, ] ] Rier Street, Hobken' NJ 07030.
GHAPTR
11-1
11
'1-1b
1=L959ll-,
J"
1:
ft2;
ssumed K
=6
X5o
' 50.,/0.353
-=ug-^o)
68.5 ft;
x1
(b) Q,
CQov"/v,, C = 2; q. 11-2a
(Q,)so = 2(3OO)850/SO = 10,2OO ft3/min (Q,)loo = 6O(85O)/1OO = 5,1O0 ft3/min (Q,)rso = 6OO(850)/150 = 3,400 ft3/min
11_2'
Using q. 11-3
t, _ t, = 0.8(to _ t.)
(V,/Vo), t,
= 0.8(100-75)
V,ll'tO
2'04 F
(t )lso = 3.06 F
11-3.
50 ftlmin throw = 24
6 = 18 ft
212
=6
;=1l3Kro'ffi
Qo_
Q"
= 132.7
D^
be
29 39 49 59 118
ln.
a
ft.
J 4
5
0.25 0.33
0.4t7
0.500 1.00
t2
11-4.
Q,
Q oC V Q o/Ao
Vo=
= zstl Lr-
"lV,
Eg. 11=2a
V,= V"(1.13)Kl lx ; K=
L4 \z1
r9)'l=
1
s fVmin
6, x =
12ft
vr=
'
Qr= 125x2x6361159
11-5.
= 1000 cfm
satisfactory heating performance. ny other type of system would lead to a cold and drafty floor.
Exepts rom this wrk may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-fr_proft basis for testing or instrutional puoses only to students enrolled in urses for which the textbok has been adopted. ny other reprduction or trns{ion f this work beynd h permited by Sections ]07 r l08 ofthe 976 tJnited Sttes Copyrighctihouthe permission ofhe copyrighneris unlllfu.
(b)
An overhead type system would be preferred because of the greater need for cooling during the summer and less need
for heat durng the winter.
213
11-7
'
system is required to do a good job of heating. spreading jet should be used when heating and a nonspreading jet should be used when cooling.
11-8'
Some kind of overhead system woud be preferable since cooing would be the dominant mode of operation. However,
ceiling diffusers with radial discharge woutd not be required due to a low volume of circuated air' high side walt type of system or ceiling diffusers with discharge in only one or two directions
with a arge throw would be preferred. This would give the maximum air motion with a smal amount of circulated air.
11-9.
NC=0.5x(21 -17)+17=19
x5o = 0.5(1 1-10) + 10 = 10.5 ft
p=oo62(ffi)'=oo73in
11-10.
wq
= O.08
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distributiol on a not-for-profit basis fr testing or instructiona puoses only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbk has been adopted ny oh,er aurton or rnslion f this wrk beynd th permitted by Secions ] 07 or 08 of he ] 976 ('|nited Ses Cpyright ct w ihu he p,e{m|sson of he copyrigh oner is untnfut.
214
21 _ 0.6(4) = '18.6
ft;
= 23
_ 0.6(5) = 20.
Corrected: NC
lnterpolate:
= 20
-2
= 18
11-11. Model 28, 4-48 T-Bar; Table '1 1-6, 270 cfm
NC
0.7 (36
32) + 32 = 34.8 or 35
xso =
0.7(11 -10) *
, ^-^'t2
l0
= 10'7 or 11 ft
p=O.r[
245
+l )
=o.13in.wq
40 Btu/(hr-ft21, lxuo/L1rr*
x12= 15.6ft
NC
= 19.
NC = 19 - 4= 15
0.057r)'
139
= O.066 in. wq
= 14 ft,
Table
1 1-'1
Eerpts fom this work may be reproduced by instuctoS f distribution on a not-for-proft basis for testing or instrutional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny other reprducon or rnsion f this ork beyond tht permited by Secions ] 07 or 08 f the ] 976 Jnied Sttes Copyrigh c l ihou the permission f the cpyrigh wner is unlwful.
215
(b)
xso =
13.
Po = o.o81
(ffi)'
22+ffol
=24.5
11-14.
(a)
- 2'3
(b)
Xso =
NC =
^po:
o.o6e
(#)'=
11-15
Po- -o.O45
[,)' 535/
= -O.O57 in. wg
11-16. Guidelines:
1-Place diffusers under or between double windows. 2-Select throw using the DPl procedure. Characteristic length
xerpts from this work may be reprdued by instuctoS for distribution on a not-for-proflt basis for testing or instrutional puoses only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted' ny oher reproduction or risltin of his wori beyond'tht permied by Seclins ] 07 or 08 f he 976 Unied Sttes Copyrigh ct ithout he permission f he cpyrgh ower is unlwful.
216
=
floor to ceiling.
3-Noise criteria (Nc) should usualy be less than 30. 4-Be Sure that the tota pressure required is compatible
with the pressure characteristics of the system. For example, a smal commercial system may have a fan that produces only
about 0.6 in. wg. total pressure while a large commerciat system may operated at2-5 in. wg. total pressure. The diffusertotal
pressure osses should be no more than abo ut 10% of the fan total pressure.
5- Use data from Table
11-17
1
1-3
'
Guideines:
1-center diffusers in square or nearly square spaces. Divide large or irregular spaces into imaginary square spaces and
pace a diffuser in each Space. Select throw using DPl procedure. 2-ry to obtain a balance between many small diffusers versus
a few very rarge diffusers to be cost effective.
?_ v
4_ t
11-18. Guidelines:
1-Locate diffusers about 12 in. below ceiling on inside wals. Setect
throw using ADpl procedure. 2-he jet may be spread with this type diffuser. However, more than one diffuser should be used where the room width is at least two times the room depth.
3-
Exerpts frorn this work may be reprodued by instructors for distributin on a not-fr-prfit basis for testing or instrutional purposes only t students enro]ed in courses for which the textbook has been adopted ny ol'r, rpioaun or rnslrin of this rk beyond h pemied by SeCionS 07 or 08 fhe ]976 (]nied Sqtes Copyrigh' clihu he peimssin fhe copyrigh ner is untful.
v&
217
'1-S
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218
-ffi
11-19. Guidelines:
'1-Locate grilles in ceiling near the inside wall.
2-Noise criteria (NC) should be less than 30. 3-The negative static pressure should be held to minimum, especially for light commercial systems with small fans.
core velocities of less than 5oo ftlmin will usually yield a quiet system with a reasonably low-pressure loss. Higher
velocities and pressure ross may be tolerated with heavy commercial applications. 4- Use data from Tale 11-7.
11-20.
(a)
+l+
<-l-+ +l-+
2'-windows
l+ +l-,
_+
(b)
X1oo=
3ft; L =7
ft; X19/L
=3l7
11-21. Simiar to
11-2O - Diffusers shoud throw air towards the windows - Arrange to obtain uniform air motion - Might use diffusers with short throw around exposed walls with larger units in the interor.
xso=0.9x9=8.'1
Po =
219 X59/L = 0.9; able 11=2, straight Vanes ( Assume light load for a secondary system)
ft
11
solution: 9-4 ft length diffusers with 50 cfm/ft, 2 in. size, able 11-3, x = 8.5 ft (no correction required); NC = 15 - 4 = Place 3 diffusers on each exposed wall
4-'12 in. size from able 11-4
=
0l4q2 x O.036
11-23. Use
20
ft
80
Btu
78
= (hr _ ft )
x5sil
= 0.8,
Table 11-2
x = 16 ft (desired)
Xactual
F5
(650 - 630)
_
63i
(7 _ '15) + 15 = 15.5 ft
range)
r]'= 630/
11-24' Use
=
xcerpts 1iom this work may be reproduced by instrutors for distribution on a not-for-prfit basis fr testing or instructional puoses only to students enrolled in ourses for which the textbook has been adopted' ny ther reproductin or trnsion of his ork beyond-th permited by Secions ] 07 or 08 of he ] 976 United Stes Copyrigh c ithou he permissin of he copyrigh oner is unlrful'
220
= 6 ft.
'1
6.5, Tabe
'1-6
80
o.K.
NC
ltLr
78
11
-24,3200 cfm.
a2ftx4
ft lay-in ceiling.
'
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Exerpts from this wrk may be reproduced by instructors fr distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instrutional puoses nly to students enrlled in courses fr whih the textbook has been adopted. ny other reproduction or trnsltion of this work beyond tht permitted by Sections ]07 or 0B of the t 976 United Sttes Copyright ct without the permission of the copyright owner is unlwful. Requests for permissi or further informtion should be ddressed to the Permission Deprtment, John Wiley & Sons, nc, ] ] ] Rier Street, Hboken, NJ 07030.
CHAPTER
12-1.
(a) W.
= rt (Pl
(b) r,=
(c)
ffi
=
HP - O.45 kW
=#ffi+
= O 54 Pu =
or 54o
=
= 2Ooo/O
'84=2,381ft/min,
0.35 = 1.55 in wg
Q381l4ooq2
.35 in wg
P. = 1.9
W"
s = Ws/Wrr,
0'4911'1 = 0'44 or
= 1.55 in wg
44o/o
(d) From
(c)
abovet P,
12-2
Qz =
a,
=
#ffi
2ooo
(ffi#)
=24oocrm
= 1,133 L/s
P,z
P.l
[Hffi)'
= 1.55
(ffi#)'
= 223in wg 555 Pa
Poz =
".[ffi)=
]'
=l
(pv")2
wg
=682Pa
W,
'
(12o0lu 1000/
l.9 HP = 1'42k\
221
12-3.
(a,b) Qz =
Q (750i900)
0.833 Q
P1
HPz- P1(75oi9oo)3
80 RPM
= 0.579
HPl
7OO
RPM
Po
a
6,000 10,000 14,000 12-3
2.4
J
Po
HP
2.75
3.5 3.45
a
5,250 8,750
HP
1.84
2.3
1.87 1.15
2.34
2.31
12,250
6 5 (d)
2.0
'1.6
4
3 (L
1.2
U)
E o
0.8
2
1
t- 0.4
0.0
02
468111214
cfm x 10-3
12-4. Since pressure in in. wg. is plotted on the ordinate instead of head the
pressure must be adjusted to reflect the barometric pressure at 5280 ft
elevation.
Po = (Po)rt(/P.t) = (Po).t(Po/Po,'t)
also, W = W.t(/Ps*o)=
Po,,t =
Wr16(P6/P5'r16)
or instrutional puoss only to Excerpts from this work may be reprodued by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing of this work beynd ht enrolled in courses for wtrih the tixtbok has been adopted. ny other reproduction or trnslion students oner is unful' 08 of he 976 Lnitec] Ses Cpyrigh} c )ithou the permissin f he copyrigh permied by Sectins ] 07 r
222
Po = 12.112 psia
hen in Denver,
Co the
ne\M characteristics
may be obtained by
Wst.
W - 0-824
14,000
Q cfm
6,000
Po
'10,000
W
2.75 2.27
Po
W
3.5
Po
W
3.45 2.84
Sea Level
Denver
2.3 1.9
1.87 1.54
1.15
2.88
0.95
x0'822
(a)
Q
125
Po
m3/min
155
180
W
1
Po
W
1
Po
W
2000
Sea Level
lbuquerque
400
350
320
600
260
214
329
1110
263
1315
1644
nly to Excerpts from this work may be reprodued by instrutors fr distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instrutional puoses wrk beyond h students enrolled in ourses fr whih the textbook has been adopted. ny oher reproducion or rnsin of his permited by Sections ]07 or 08 ofhe 976 Unied Stes Copyrigh ctwihout he permission ofhe copyright oner is unlful.
(b)
223
12-6. (a)
(b) near perfect match with the fan capable of producing about
1.85 in. V/g. tota pressure at 10,000 cfm.
12-7
is too small.
12-8.
Pa
[From
Fig 1 2-10J
W
= 2OOO ft/min
W,
= 185o
12-9.
[+l' 4005,
-
o.zs
in. wg., Po =
P,
P,
P.
= 0.88
Ecerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors 1br distribution n a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional puoses only to students enrolled in ourses for whih the textbook has been adopted. ny ther reproducion or rnslion of this rk beynd th permitted by Sections ] 07 r 08 of the ] 976 United Sttes Copyright c ithu he permission of he copyright ner is unlful.
224
0.94
O.BB
\o10e2
rPm
0.80
1240
1420 cfm
12-10' (a)
(b)
3.
3.CI
iffu"
Q cfm
't3,500
15,00
(c)
12-11.
/2istem, actual
,,f-r whiih tl
r ]08 fthe ]9
225
610
- 430
.1gO
pa
Table 12-3
\/ V = 400(1 2 x 161144) = 5333 fVmin " One eff. Duct length = 5.3 diameters, table 12_2 or L" = 5.3 x '15.6 = 83 in. % ff ' Duct length = 100 x 30/83 = 36
12-13' V
= 4OO
0l
x 142l14 x 1aa)]
4,276 ftlmin
Duct length = 28 in.; R/D = 10.5114 = o.7s; L/D = 29114 = 2.0 Elbow and duct loss factor = 1.O, able 12-6
Po
= 1O,OOO
(0122.6)13.6 = 0.12
Co = 0.4,
Table 12-4
226
V"
L = 2.5 x 13.5 = 33.9 or 34 in. 12-16. From Problem 12-15, Vr= Ve = 2500 ft/min (assumed)
Po = C"(v /4005)2; Co = O.16/(250O t400q2 = O'41
(c)
Diff
= rco(16_,!62) 16
= +O%
[decrease from 1 to 2!
puoses only to xerpts from this work may be reprduced by instrutors for distibution on a not-for-profit basis lor testing or instrutional his work beyond tht students enrolled in courses for whih the textbook has been adopted. ny other reprductin or rnslion of permied by Sections ] 07 r 08 of he 1 976 United Ses Cpyrigh c |ithu he erfiissin f he cop1''igh oner is unfu.
227
12-19. (a) Assume 15,000 cfm is an equivalent value for the day.
Forfull load point 1: Wr
For part load cond.: Wp
= 16
= 6.7
x0.746x24=286.5 kwh
x
0]46 x24
= 120.Okwh
'1OO
58o/o
(decrease)
(b) No, the fan would be forced to operate to the left of the maximum
12-20' W l = 28.5 P; W z=
17
'5
HP
W =
(28'?:17 '5)
28.5
1OO
= 39o/o (decrease)
12-21. (a) Wr
W,
= 27
W
(b) W,
=
=
27 x0.746x24
(510_l_483) 51
W =
1OO
2ooox144 1 0x8
= 3600 fvmin
From Fig. 12-23, roughness corr. Factor = 1.51, then for the
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228
Po
lined duct, Po/L = 1 .8(1 .5'11 = 2'72 in' wg./100 ft. and
12-23. Po = (Po)rl X
P/P.l,
_]!}Ps P,rz
P = 0.491(29'42
600 cfm
()
Dz = Ds = 10 in'', A2lA1= 0.6 = 3/Aa
|
tl
-=t'
Pd/L = 0.185 in. wg./100 ft; Fig' 12-21 Pzs = 0.1 85 x20l100 = .037 in. wg.
0'21
Table 12-gA
=660ft/min
z=
600
'
Pz= 0'21(11}ol4oO5)2
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12-25' (a)
- 3.1 Pa
x7'8Pa
Diff .
(b) Poa
50 Pa
124 Pa
(0.5
o.2\/
- 0.2) (1oo) =
15Oo/o
12-26. Table 12-8a, Co = 0.25 = 1200l[(la)x(1 4ln)2! = 1122'5 ftlmin Po O.25(1122.5l4oO5)' _ O.O2 in. wq.
V
o
also
0.25(6.2411.2q2 = 5.8 Pa
Co = 0.15, Table 12-8b
12-27. (a)
Vo
Po
= 25OO
or
Vo = 1.21(0.4 x 0.4)
7.5 m/s
or
Po = 1'2(7.5l1'29)'= 40.6 Pa
Excerpts from this work may be reprodued by instrutors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in ses for whih the textbook has been adopted. ny other reproduction or trnsltion of his rk beyond h permited by Sectins ] 07 r l 08 f he ] 97 6 Unied Ses Copyrigh c wihout the ermission f he cpyrigh oner is unlful.
230
12-28.
a/a
c=
25O18OO = 0.3125
A/Ac=(6112)2=O.25
Co = 0.345, able 12-11A
V = 0'12[(ila)(.15)2]
6.8 m/s
or
Qr/Q=55O/80O=0.6875
S/Ac =
(0112)'= 0.694
V.
or
V,
or
12-29.
a/a
= O.31 25;
A/A"= 0'25
or
Po = O.93(6.811'2q2 = 25.8 Pa
Qr/Qc
C,
= 0.135;
Table 12-118
V,
or
231
Table 12-98
vr
oVo
lVl,
Vo =
1,
12-31.
ao/Q"
= 5OO/1OOO = O.5o
Q,/Qc
= 500/1OOO = O'5
(a)
C = 0.755, Table
C" = O.2'15,
or use Data
- v,
or or or
V= O.24l|(l4o.2)'] =7'64mls
Po = 0.755(1 4g2l4o05)2 = O.O97 in. w.
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55 72 20
0.'135
0.07 4
0.50
0.16 2.0
2(0.26) 2(0.26)
0.17
0.140
0.057
0.051
233
35
14 13
2
3
0.055 0.050
0'40
0.010
12-33' L = D x Co/f; f
26.3 ft
Pog = Pon =
0.12x 10'5l100
0.'12x26'3l100
Table 12-13
'= -
lx
12
0'25
0.017
= 17
'2ft
Note: Most of following duct sizing problems can be solved with the computer
program, DUCT.
Excerpts frm this wrk may be reproduced by instructors fr distribution on a not_for-profit basis fr testing or instructional puoses only t students enrolled in ourses for whih the textbook has been adopted' ny ther reproduction or rnstion f his ork beynd h permed by Sections ] 07 r ] 08 f he 976 United Stes Cpyright c |'ithu the permissin of he copyright oner is unlful.
234
Section
No.
Le ft
a
cfm
D
in.
P/L
in. wq.
Pn in. wg.
100 ft
1
45
16
71
300 220
100 80
2
3
I I
6
5
0.38
0.014
0.059 0.077 0.069
4
5
55 55
120
0.125
Run 1-2-5 actually has the greatest lost pressure. Pl = 0.038 + 0'077 Plzs = 0.038
0.115 in. wg.;
'1
in.
\/g.
Exerpts fom thls wrk may be reprodued by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or tnstrutional puoses only to students enrolled in courses fr whih the textbook has been adpted. ny oher reproduction or trnsion of this ork beyond h permitted by Secns ]07 r ]08 fhe 976 United Ses Copyrightc,ihu the permissin fhe copy'igh ner is unlnful.
235 Section has a total flow of 845 cfm. herefore, the maximum velocity in section wjl! be about 800 fVmin if a 14 in. duct is used.
Exerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional puoses only to students enolled in ourses for which the textbook has been adpted. ny other repsluction or rnsion of his ork beyond th permitted by Sections ] 07 or 0B of the 1976 Unied Snrcs Copyright c wihout he permis\ o/*e copyright oner is unlwful.
236
12-36. (continued)
(a)
Section
No.
Le
ft
a
cfm
D
in.
P/L
in. w.
Pn in. wg.
100 ft
1
88
18 16 17
845
595 395 275 125
14
12 12
9
2
3
4
5
46
51
0.030
0.031 0.031
6
7
250 200
120
150
I
8
43 49 49
I I
0.032 0.020
With the equal friction method, every branch should have a damper for
P1 + P2 + P3 + Pa + Pu + Ps
Note that run 1-2-3-4-7 actualy has the greatest loss in total pressure
but the difference is not significant. Use Po = 0.15 in. wg.
(b)
Sizing of the longest run, 1 -2-3-4-5, is the same as (a) above where
Po/L = 0.065 in. wg./100 ft. Construct a new table as follows:
petmied by Secions 07 or 108 ofhe 976 Unied Ses Copyr4hc'!hou he permission fthe copyrigh oner is unrwfu.
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BRNCH DUcS
(6) (7) (8) (e) Br. (10)
(1 1)
237
(1
(3)
(4)
(5)
(12) Pi
L
('10)100 (11)
3)
(14) D"/wxh
in.
(1
5)
Sec
No.
cfm
DJwxh
in.
P
L
v
fpm
Po
(2)(5)
Po
(7)
P
Poot
Le
ft.
fm
v
fpm
Se
No.
100
-(8)* P
BB
'18
845 595
14
12 12
0.065 0.070
0.034
0.057 0.013
0.057 0.070
f)
0.39
0.036 0.035 0.020
51
0.076
0.084
250 200
120 150
550
43 49 49
I
7
570
500
J 4
5
16 17
?o
275 125
0.005
.01'1
.75 .086
0.116
8 9
0.071 0.041
I
7
0.065 .065
420
46
0.3
ffuser G 0.030
0,146
The left 8 columns are the same as (a) above. The branches, 6-7-8-9,
are sized to balance in the right hand 7 columns.
(c)
-- Design Procedure -Sysem type: Supp}y Duct Sizing Method: Equal Friction
Rounding Method: Round Nearest
0.
250 in.
wg
Coi1 Lost PreSsure: i1ter Lost Pressure: 0 . 000 in. Misc. Lost PreSSure: 0. in.
.25 in.
wg wg wg w wg
%
U AU
AHU Pressure
Pressure for Supply System: 0.150 in. wg - or 60.0 for Return System: 0.10 in. wg - or 40.0
-- Lost Pressure from ir HandJ_ng Unit to Diffuser -Diffuser D Q Tota1 Delta P (cfm) (1n. wg) 71 125.0
A.L20
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instrutrs for distribution n a not-for-prfit basis for testing or instrutional puoses only to students etrrolled in ourses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny other reproducion or rnsion f this wrk beyond tht permitted by Sections ] 07 r 108 f the ] 976 United Stes Copyrigh c ''ihout he permission f he cpyrigh oner is unlful.
238
t6 30
34
22
150.0
0. 21
0. 130 0. t25
0.154
Total
Q (cfm) 845.0 845.0 845.0 845.0 845.0 595. 250.0 B45. 595.0 395.0 20.0 595.0 395.0 215.0 L20.0 395.0 215.0 L25 .0 150.0 215.0 125 .0 L25 .0 L25 .0 L25 .0 15.0 1s0.0 15.0 15.0
15.0
]
Velocity (ftlmin)
'79.4
(in.
Delta
P wg)
(in.
AP
/L
wg)
1 2 3 4 5 6
0.0
0.0
.000
Conica Contraction
Tee / e
main branch
14. 72 .4
o
0.013
0. 13 0. 06 0. 05
0.06415
'75'7.6
0.006
0.018
0.
common
14.0
main branch
72 .0
conmon
10.0 8.0
main branch
comon
10.0 9.0
1
72 .0
,ye
Duct Duct
il?}l.n
conmon
Straight Straight
.0
19a.4 151 .6 124.2 573.0 151 .6 124.2 622.5 449.0 '724.2 622.5
461 .1 461 461 461 461
0.004
0.01_7
0.011_61
0.007 0.003
0. 16
0.08259
561.3 622.5
.1 .1
.'7
0.007 0.002 0.009 0.008 0.002 0.002 0.003 0.030 0.006 0.005 0.016 0.005 0.040 0.002
0. 11 0. 03
0.07138
0.05817
.05B17
. 8082 . B0B2
.1
'1
Ebow
.0 1 .0
Elbow
bow
?n 7. 7.0
0.05405
]-bo'
Elbow Elbow
Ebow
.036
.03
0. 7106
0.06004
Ecets from this wrk may be reproduced by instrutors for distribution on a not_for-profit basis for testing r instrutional puoses only to students enolled in ourses for whih the textbook has been adopted' ny other reproducion or rnstion of his rk beyond h permied by Sectins ] 07 or l 08 f the 1976 United Stes Copyright c withu he permissin of he cpyright oner is unlful.
____
System type: Supply Duct Sizing Method: Balanced Capacity Rounding Method: Round Nearest
239
0.250 in.
in. in. in. in.
wg wg wg
^rq
wg
B45.0 cfm
HU AU HU
.25 in.
wg
%
%
Pressure for Suppy System: 0'150 in. wg - or 60.0 Pressure for Return System: 0.10 in. wg - or 40.0
-- LoSt Pressure from ir and1ing Unit to Diffuser _Diffuser D Q Tta Delta P (cfm) (in. wq) L] 22 26 30 34 Total -125.0 150.0 720.0 200.0 250.0
845.0 0.138
.154
Cal cu-Lated
Fitting Values -Dia. (in) Q (cfm) 845.0 845.0 845.0 845.0 845.0 595 . 0 250.0 845. 595.0 395.0 200.0 595.0 395.0 215.0 720.0 395.0 215 '0 \25.0 150.0 21 5.0 Velocity (ftlmin) 0.0 '790.4 190.4 190.4 '190.4 '7 57 .6 116.2
'790.4
'751
D Fitting Type 1 2 3 4 5 6 Air Handling Unit Straight Duct Conicaf Contraction E}bow trlbow main Tee / Wye branch
(in.
P/L
wg)
0. 14.0 14.0 14.0 14.0 1'2 .0 8.0 common 14. 72.a 7 Straight Duct 10.0 8 Tee / \Ne main branch 1 .0 common 72.0 10.0 9 Straight Duct 9.0 10 Tee / Wye main branch 6.0 common 10.0 9. 11 Straight Duct 6.0 L2 Tee / Wye main branch 1 .0 conmon 9.0
0.013
0.013
.006
.06415
0.006
0 . 005
0.016
0.07167
.07
0.004 0.016
0.03 .013
0.007 0.07
0.003 0.009
0.08259
0.07138
Excets from this rork may be reproduced by instructors for distribution n a nt-for-profit basis for testing or instrutional puses only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny ther reproductiol1 or trnsaton f his work beyond tht permitted by Sections ] 07 r 08 f the t 97 6 Unied Stes Copyrigh ct ||1thout he pemissin of the copyrigh oner is uncwful.
240
0.72304 L4 Elbow
13 Straight
Duct
636.6
636.6 636 .6 636 .6
1r
1,25
0.72344
.0
8 19 2a 27 22 23 24 25 26
Elbow
Sraight
Elbow
Duct Duct
Straigh
Elbow
150.0 150.0
15.0
Diffuser / Grille
Elbow
El-bow
Straight Straigh
lbow
Duct
2"7
Diffuser / Grile
Elbow Duct
6.0
28 29 30 31 32 33 34
Diffuser / Grille
Elbow
Strarght Duct
Diffuser,/ Grille
150.0 1"20 .0 120.0 t2a .0 120.0 200. 200.0 200.0 200. 250.0 25.0 250.0 250.0
0.006 0.00s 0.016 0.005 0.040 0.004 0.023 0.006 0.036 .005
0.08082
.08082
0.L427
48 .4
0.009
0. 40
^ ^41
nT q
0.13629
0.005
0.007 0.050
0.10661
Longest run
-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-1
-13
(0.23
217
- 0.03) 100
Size all Suppy ducts for this pressure loss per unit length.
basis for testing or instructional puoses only t Ecrpts from this work may be reproduced by instructrs for distibution on a not-for-profit his work beyond h in courses for whih the tXtbook has been adopted' ny other reproductin or rnsltion f students enrolled is unlful' 1976 Unied Sttes Copyrigh't ct ihout he peimission of he copyright oner pe,rmed by Sections ] 07 r l o7 ,r,
241
1200
1
16 14 14 12 12 12 10
2
3
050
850
4
5
750
650 550 475 225 175
50
75
100
b
7
8
200
I
7 5
9 10
11
125
50 75 50
6
5
12 13 14
6
5
basis for testing or instrutional puoses only xerpts frm this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit of his work beyond th in courses for wt'ih the textbook has been adopted. ny oher reproducion or rnsl(tion students enrolled is unful' 976 United Stes Cpyrigh't ct lithou the peimissin ofhe copyrigh oner permied by Secins ] 07 or l i7 in,
----=12-42. (continued)
9,rE
ci.
cE -O
(/)
c) o o o o o o ...-
t*
(o
o c c{
o (o
c{
(o
-.l
N'
rf
f) ol l ^
o o c.l
(o
o o o
c)
--
la
.l
I; |
l(J
lcs
lo l-o
o
f, |
lo IO
()
l
!.t
o
)
ci
) C.l
c!
c)
\-
c;
c!
C.l
c.l
C.l
(
t-
t ]
.J o O )
C
.-
.t
.-
a)
(r)
*-*u{
-*
O
-l-
cj
c;
co
.-
o (o
ci
ci
)
ci
(\
c.l
ci
ci
c{
l> tt.lg l l= l l l ] lc l l IL
I()
l)
E o
lc
o 2
co
.l
c\l
\r
o
o
= o
(o
c -
ds
^l^
l-c l) l-c
I
ti-
c;
v O
)
(o
ci
(o
) (o
c)
o o o ci ci o v ) o c! o ( cf) o o $ o o I ci c;
(o
.l .l
lo lo lU)
o
I
*"3
t
t--
s )
o
<)
c;
o
ci
c{
ci
c)
= o o
c{
z !cr>a
O O cO
(o
o o o .c{
(o
.t
o
..-
$
(o
.c
o -
(
_
()
oXl ci.
cf) cO -i ci O ci
)
o
c;
) o
ci
c;
U) (
O
(
U'
()
c{
c!
o
$
(o
(o
_
(
!-
-o (
(
o o o
(o
()
u.
c{
--
C.l
c.l
c.l
()
f)
.c
cf)
o
t#
\r
f)
c{
.
J
(
(
c
o
U)
O
-
cr)
r,
cf)
E (
12-37. (continued)
Po for the longest run will be about 0'22 in. wg' for the above sizes"
herefore, size the return system for a pressure loss of (0.35 _0'22)
or 0.13 in. wg.
('1
2r
3r)
230)
a
cfm
D
in.
L"
ft
P"/L
Po
in. wg.
18
'16
115
70
0.044
0.023
0.0'16
2r 3r
12 12 12
44
14
4r
5r
400
400
0.005 0.010
28
0.700 in.
wg
244
an Airflow: Fan or Externa Total Pressure:
0.700 in. Coil Lost Pressure: 0.25 in. F'iter Lost Pressure: 0 . 10 in. isc. Lost resSure: 0.00 in.
1000.0 cfm
wg wg wg wg
^rg
HU AU AHU
0.350 in.
Pressure for Suppy System: 0.228 in. wg - or 65.0 Pressure for Return System: 0.123 in. wg - or 35.0
-- Lost ressure from ir and1ing Unlt to Diffuser -Diffuser D Q Total Deta (cfm) (in. wg) 2'7 30 34 38 56 60 63 61 12 15 Total 75. 75. 75.0 s0.0 75.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 200.0 150.0
1000.
0.221 0.201
0.21
Dia. (in)
Q (cfm)
Veocity (ftlmin)
ir andling Unlt .0 Conical- Contraction 14.0 Straight Duct 14.0 Tee / wye main l2.a branch 1 .0 conon 14.0 5 Straight Duct 12.0 6 Tee / Wye main 12 .0 branch 1 '0 conmon L2 '0 7 Straiqht Duct l2.0 B Tee / vfrze main 10.0 branch 6.O common L2.0 9 Straight Duct 10.0 10 Tee ,/ Wye main 10.0 branch 6.0 conon 10.0 11 Straight Duct 10.0 L2 Tee ,/ Wye main 9. 0 branch 6.0 connon 10.0 13 Straight Duct 9. 0
1 2 3 4
1000.0 0. 1000.0 935.4 100.0 935.4 850. 082.3 15. 561.3 1000.0 935.4 850.0 L082.3 650 . 0 82'7 .6 2a0.0 1 48.4 B50.0 1082.3 650.0 B2'7 .6 550.0 1008.4 1OO.O 5O9.3 650.0 821.6 550.0 1008.4 450.0 825.! 100.0 509.3 550. 1008.4 450.0 825.7 350 . 192 .2 100. 509.3 450.0 825.L 350 . 0 1 92.2
0.007
O. O1O
.058
0 . 008*<10>
0.003
0.13819
.09 .37 0.
0.005 6
0.08429
O. O1O*<10>
0.15164
0.064
0.004
a.024
0.
O .
0.10485
014
0. 11082
Excerpts from this work may be reproducd by instrutors for distribution on a not_for-profit basis for testing or instructional puoses only to students enrolled in urses for whih the textbook has been adopted. ny ther reproductin of trnsltion of his ork beynd th permied by Secions 07 or l08 fthe 976 Unied Stqes Copyright c'|)ihout the permission ofthe cpyrigh oner is unlcrwful.
14 Tee 15 L7 18 19 20 27 22 2? 24 25 26 2'l 28 29 3 31 32 33 34 35 36 31 38 53 54 55 56 51 58 59 6 6L 62 63 64 65 66 61 6B 69 70 11 12 13 14 15 16
main 8. branch 5.0 common 9.0 Straight Duct B.0 bow B.0 Straight Duct 8.0 Tee ,i Wye main B.0 branch 4.0 common 8.0 Straight Duct B.0 7.0 Tee / Wye main branch 5.0 conmon B.0 1 .0 Straight Duct T / n1lzo main 5.0 branch 5. conmon 1.a lbow 5. Straight Duct 5. Rectangular Transition 5. Diffuser / Grile Straight Duct 5.0 Rectangular Transition 5. Diffuser / Grille Elbow 5.0 5. Straiqht Duct Rectanguar Transition 5.0 Dif fuser / Gril-le Elbow 4.0 4.0 Strarght Duct Rectangular Transition 4.0 Dif fuser ,/ cril1e Elbov 5.0 Straiqht Duct 5.0 Rectanguar Transition 5.0 Diffuser / cril1e 1bow 6.0 Straight Duct 6. Rectangular Transition 6.0 Diffuser / cri]e Straight Duct 6. Rectangular Transition 6. Diffuser / Gri1e E1bow 6.0 Straight Duct 6.0 Rectangular Transition 6.0 Diffuser / Gril]_e '7 .A Straight Duct 1.0 Elbow 1 .0 Straight Duct Rectangu1ar Transition 1 .0 Diffuser / Gritle Straight Duct 1 .0 Rectangular Transition 7.0 Dif fuser ,/ Grille Elbow 8.0
,/
f / li
Wye
215.a 75. 35. 215.0 215.0 215.0 225.a 5. 215.4 225.a 150.0 75.0 225.0 150.0 75.0 75.0 150.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75. 75.0 75.0 75.0 50.0 50.0 5.0 50. 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 100.0 100.0 10.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 10.0 100.0 10.0 100.0 10.0 200.0 200.0 20. 20. 20. 150.0 150.0 150.0 215.0
192.2
.8 550.0
"781
0.019
. 05
245
0.7268'7 0.L268'7
0.013
a
0.08
0.06
.021
.09*<10> 0.
561.3 550.0 550.0 550.0 550.0 210.a 550.0 210.a 55.0 550.0 21a.0 573.0 573.0 180.0 550.0 550. 210.0 509.3 509.3 360.0 59.3 36.0 509.3 509.3 360.0 148.4 148.4 48 ' 4 120.0
"7
644.6
07
0.0880
0.018
0.08082
561.3
0.072
.11869
0.11869
0.11869
0.16916
0.020 0.006
0.11869
0.008
a.0122l
a.0B221'
0.032
0.003
0. 45
a.08221-
0.013
0.l.3629
0.1-3629
.a21
561.3 54.0
181
0.032
0.005
0.08082
.B
the fitt1ng
equivalent lenqth
246
-- Desiqn Procedure -Note that almost al branch ducts need a damper to increase the diameter and reduce ve1city.
System type: Supply Duct Sizing Method: Balanced Capacity Rounding Method: Round Nearest
0.700 in.
wg wg wg wq wg
wg
100. cfm
.7 in.
HU
for Supply System: 0.228 in. wg - or 65.0 for Return System: 0.L23 in. wg - or 35.0
-- Lost Pressure from ir Handling Unit to Diffuser -Diffuser lD Tota Delta Q (cfm) (in. wq)
P
2'7 30 34 3B 56 60 63 61 12 15 Tota
75.0 75.0 75.0 50.0 75.0 100.0 100. 100.0 20.0 150.
100.0
0.271 0.2L2
0.202 0.17
-- Cacuaed iting Vafues -D ltting Type 1 2 3 / ir and1ing Unit Conical Contraction Stralght Duct .aa / l.,o main branch counon 5 Straight Duct 6 Tee / wye main branch Dia. (in) .0 .0 14. 72.a 6. 14.0 l2.0 !2.a 1.a
14
Q (cfm) 100.0 1000.0 1000.0 850.0 15O . O 1000.0 850. 650.0 20.
Deta P
0.000 0.011 0.010
O. O57
0.058
.O8*<1O>
0.13819
Excerpts from this work may be reprodued by instrutors for distribution on a nt_for-profit basis fr testing or instrutional puoses only to students enrled in ourses fr whih the textbook has been adopted. ny ther reProduction or rnsin of his work beyond h permied by Secins 07 or ] 08 f the 97 6 United SeS Copyrighl ct ihou he pemission of he cpyrigh olner is uncrful.
conmon
72 .0
1_2
main
branch
conmon
10.0
.0
85.0 650.
082.3 145.9
247
0.005 0.009 0.039 0.006 0.08429
L2 .0
o
4.
main
branch
conmon
maln
10.0
/ r^ir7^ ly
Duct
branch
conon
branch
Elbow
Straight
Duct Duct
conmon
L9
20
Tee / Wye
Straight
main branch
a1n
2L
22
Straiqht
/ l1lr^ ]
Duct
conmon
branch
common
9.0 4.0 10.0 9.0 8.0 4.0 on 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 4. 8.0 8.0 7.0
o.u
0.010*<10> a .062
0.15164
.104B5
0.11082
' tr
215 .0 aa tr
5.
23
main branch
conon
24 25 26 21 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 31 38 53 54 55 56 51 58 59 60 67 62 63 64 65 66 61 68
Rectangufar Transition
Straight
Duct
tr1bow
5.0 5.0
4.0
4. 5.
tr
Straight
Ducc
573.0 81 .8 644 .6 561.3 550.0 644 .6 561.3 859.4 550.0 561.3 55.0 550.0 210 .0 859.4 214 .0 550.0 214 .0
550.
.8 .8 644 .6
.8
0.L2681 0.!268'7
0.009*<10> 0 .021
0.07
0.003 0.011
0.007 0.007
. 880
0.018
.006
0.08082
0.at2
0.00s 0.030
0
0.11869 0.35266
9.02!
0.025
.006 .024
Diffuser / Grille
75.0 75.0
75.
5.
0.018
.05 0. 25 0. 7
0.11869
Elbow
4.0 4.0
\
Straigh Sraigh
Duct
50.
0.017
0.010 0.020 0.015
.424 0.03 0 .021
0
.16916
.053 0.060
0.042 0.045
0
0.35266
Duct
10.0 10.0
10.
0.59144 0.59144
4. 4.
4.0
7.
360.0
9
.9
0.090
0.032 a2'1
.042
1145.
7L45 .9
360.
0.06
0.042 0.045
0.59'744
148.4
a.021
0.!3629
Exerpts from this work may be reprduced by instructors for distribution on a not-fr-profit basis for testing or instrutional puoses only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbok has been adopted. ny other reprducin or rnstion f this ork beynd th permitted by Sections ] 07 r l 08 f the 1 976 United SteS Copyrigh c'withou he permission of the cpyrigh owner is unlful.
248 70 lt 12 13 14 15 16
']48.4 200.a 0.013 1.0 69 Ebow 148.4 0.02'1 0.1-3629 1 .0 200.0 Straight Duct 120.0 0.001 20.0 Rectanguar Transition 1 .0 0.045 200.0 Diffuser / Gril-le '7 150.0 0.069 0.17139 6. 63.9 Straight Duct 150.0 0.007 540.0 Rectangular Transition 6. .020 150.0 Diffuser / Gri1e '7B'7.B 0.05 2'75.a B.0 Ebow * - Delta was computed using the fitting equivalent ength
__
System type: Return Duct Sizing Method: qual Friction Rounding Method: Round Nearest
0.700 in.
wg wq wg wg wq
wg
AU AU U
Pressure for Suppy System: 0.228 in. wg - or 65.0 Pressure for Return System: 0.123 in. wg - or 35.0
% %
-- Lost ressure from ir andling Unit to Diffuser -Diffuser D Q Tota Delta P (in. wg) (cfm) 11 14 l"7 400.0 400.0 400.
0.125 0.113 0.096
Fitting Type
Dia. (in)
0. 18.0 1B.0 1'2.a 16.0 18.0 16. 12.0 \2.0 16.0
Q (cfm) 1200.0 72A0.0 L200.a 400.0 800.0 1200.0 800.0 4.0 400.0 800.0
1 2 3 4
ir Handllng Unit Rectangular Transition Straight Duc main Tee / \ye branch colmon 5 Straight Duct main 6 Tee / wye branch conmon
0.001
0.002
0.026 0.026
0.0]-5
0.03512
679.1
0.006
0.013
0.03a24
573.0
Excets from this work may be reproduced by instrutors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructinal puoses only to students enrolled in ourses for whih the textbook has been adopted. ny other reproducion or rnslion of his rk beyond th permited by Sectins ] 07 or 08 of he 1976 United Stes Cpyright c ithou the permission f he copyright oner is unfu.
7 Stralght Duct 0. 3476 B Elbow 9 Straight Duct 10 Rectangular Transition 11 Diffuser / crile 72 Straight DucL 13 Rectangular Transition L4 Diffuser / Grile 15 Straight Dct 16 Rectangular Transition 11 Diffuser / Gri-1e
. 03
12 .0
400.0
4.0 40.0 40.0 40.0
12 .0
0.007 509.3
249
0
L2 .0 L2 .0
L2 .0 L2 .0
100.0 509.3
100.
L2.A L2 .0
.034'7
0.03476 0.03476
12-38. The three branches from the plenum must be designed as close as
possibe for the Same preSSUre ]oss. Start \/ith B since it appears
to be more extensive than or c.
0.18
For B: Po/Le =[
For
145
142 0.18
- 0.025
Po/Le
=(
=(
0.18-0. 025
0. 025
For
C: P"/L"
104
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instrutional puoses only to students enrolled in courses for whih the textbook has been adopted. ny other reproductin or trnstion of his wrk beyond h permited by SecioS ] 07 or ] 08 f the 97 6 United SeS Copyrigh ct ithou the pemission of he cop1',"igh oner is unlcrful'
250
12-38. (continued)
MA|N DUc RUN
BRNC DUCTS
(6) (7)
(8)
(1)
(2) Le
ft.
(3)
(4)
(5)
(e) Br.
(1
0)
(11)
Le
ft.
(12) Pi L
(1 0)1
(13)
(14)
De in.
(1
5)
Se.
No.
cfm
D"
in.
P
L
v
fpm
Po
(2)(5)
Po (7)
Pi
Po6+
cfm
v
fpm
Sec
o.
actual
*r"
100
1
-(8)+
-P
00
(1 1)
8 o
44 22 25
54
500
12 10
7
.057 .085
0.1
1
650
700 630
.025
.019
025 .044
.072 0.119
14
10
0.094
55
0.171
125
b
7
660
760 550
375
175
100
0.75
0.047
52 38
0.144
0.124
200
75
11
o28
.047
12
IJ
.87 P
520
Tot
1
145 50
19
.025
760 700 59 530
0 144
0.048 .ubb .086
.
40
300
10
.095 .92
.048
0.018 0.02 0.046 0.025
0.084
38
0.221
0.1
100 100
'100
b o
750
510
500
0.66
0.046
48
q7
38
Tot. 15 17 Tot.
25 48 142 56 48 104
200
100
o
8
.095 P
0.8'1
t5z
157
225
100
7
^
17
850 510
0.095
0.04'1
.095
'136 161
to
0.041
38
0.1 8
125
610
.085 P
0.025
Note that the resulting total pressures losses turn out to be:
(Po)a = 0.144 in.wg., (Po)n = 0.157 in. wg.; (Po)c = 0.161 in.
\g.
)q
- pocedure -Y11 ! l
System type: Supply Duct Sizing Method: Balanced Capacity Rounding Method: Round Neares __ an Sefection -_
Known an Parameter: Plenum Tota1 ressure
0.1B0 in.
wg
Fan irflow:
40.0 cfm
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a nt-for-profit basis fr testing or instrutional puoses nly to students enrolled in ourses 1br whih the textbook has been adopted' ny other reproduction or trnsion of this ork beynd ht permittec by Secions ]07 or 08 ofthe ]976 Unied Stes Cpyright cihou he permission ofhe cpyrigh owner is unlwful.
.269 1n. 0.000 in. 0.000 in. 0.00 in. 0.269 in. 0.180 in. 0.089 in.
wg
1^rg
251
wg
\^rg
1^rg
wg wg
or or
33 0%
6'7
0%
r^-^1 Od-L
(in.
n^l -^ reLd
n r
wg)
Total
400.0
Values -Dia.
(in
)
(cfm)
4.
Velocity ( ftlmin)
.0 905.4 905.4 905.4 905.4
1 2 3 4 5 6
0.
9.
9. 9.0
40.
400.0
40.
0.
14157
branch
conmon
8.0 5.0
tr
qn
branch
8.0 1.4
'7.0
on
400.0 300.0 100.0 400.0 200.0 100.0 300.0 200.0 100.0 100.0
200. 30.0
Qo /
0.14157
733.4 on / 859.4
t48.4
0.018
0.005 0.020 0.016 0.004
0.
]_3
0.14878
conmon
8.0
branch
conmon
Straigh Straight
Duct Duct
Recanguar Transition
Ebow
0.1_3629
100.0 100.0
10.
148.4 133.4
1aa 1))
1.0
Diffuser / Grille
Duct
10.0
360.
7??
a 1a
Sraight
n
tr
Diffuser / cr1le
Duct
Straiqht
5.0
0.1_9911
0
.1997'7
36.0
???
aa1
360.0
111 1" 1
0.99'71
0.L9911
0.3-991"7
10.
100.0
360.0
Exets from this work may be reprodued by instrutors for distributin on a not_for_profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in ourses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny ther reproducion or trnslain of his work beyond h permited by Secions ] 07 or 08 f the ]976 Unied SeS Copyrgh ct'wihou he permissin of he copyrigh oner is unlfu.
252
29 Diffuser / Grille
100.0
0.025
-- an Sefection
nown Ean
__
0.180 in.
wg wg wg
Wg
wg
AHU AU AHU
Coil Lost ressure: i1ter Lost Pressure: Misc. Lost Pressure: External- Total Pressure:
0.180 in.
wg
% %
Pressure for SuppJ_y System: .18 in. wg - or 1OO.O Pressure f or Return System: 0 . 000 in. \^g - or .
-- Lost ressure from ir andling Unit to Diffuser -Diffuser D Q Tota De]ta P (crm1 (1n. wg) 13 L6 19 23 Total 10.0 75.0 200.0 125.a
50.0
Dia. (in)
Q (cfm) 500.0 50.0 500.0 375.0 25.O 500.0 375.0 2.0 175. 375.0 175.0 175.0 75. 1.0 175.
Velocity (ftlmin) 0.0 916.1 976.1 848.8 636.6 B4B.B 1O18.6 891.3 891.3 891.3 859.4 '733.4
B91.3 84B.B 916.7
0. 10.0 10.0 9.0 branch 6.O corrion 1.0 Straight Duct 9.0 Tee / wye main 6. branch 6.0 conmon 9. Elbow 6.0 Straight Duct 6.0 Tee / wye main 4.0 branch 5.0 conmon 6.0
0. 18 O.06
O.o42
.OO9
0.019
0.019
0.008
0.725"75
O.014
0.020
0.OO6
0.22175
xcets from this work may be reprodued by instrutors fr distribution on a not-1br-profit basis for testing or instructional puoses only to students enolled in ourses for which the textbk has been adopted. ny ther reproducion or rnslion of his ork beyond th permied by Sections ]07 r 08 fhe 1976 Unied Sttes Copyright chou he permission fthe copyrigh olner is unrwfu"
10 11 \2 13 L4 15 16 71 18 19 20 27 22 23
Diffuser,/ Gril1e Straight Duct Rectangular Transition Diffuser / Gri1e Straight Duct Rectanguar Transition Diffuser,/ Grile Straight Duct Butterfly Damper Rectangular Transition Diffuser / critle
El-bow
5.0
'733.4
1?2'
10.0
360.0
210 .0
859.4
1018
120 .0
.6
1-25.0
1o
L2s.A
0.007 0.028 0.010 0 .025 0 .028 0 .025 0 .025 0.041 0.014 0.025 0 .0L2 0.044 0.005
a
253
0.1_99'71
0.35266
0
.29022
0.72304
.02s
Branchffilanced Capacity
Method
-- Design rocedure -System type: Supply Duct Sizing Method: Balanced Capacity
Rounding Method: Round Nearest
0.180 in.
wg wg
\^g
wg
225.0 cfm
wg wq
\.^/g
AU HU AHU
0.
18 in.
0
0.180
0.
wg
or or
10.0 z
.C)
-- Lost Pressure from ir andlinq Unit to Diffuser Diffuser D a Totat Deta (cfm) (in. wg)
1-4
1B
10.0 725.0
aatr
.191
0.186
Total
-- Ca1cu1ated Fittin
D Fitting
Type
(cfm)
225
Velocity
(
ftlmin)
O. 644
(1n.
AP
/L
wg)
O . OO5 Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instrutors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional puoses only to students enrolled in courses or which the textbok has been adopted. ny ther reproducion r rnslion of this ori beyond-h permied by Secions ] 07 or 08 of he 1 976 Jnited Sttes Copyrigh ct ihout he permissin of the copyrigh oner is untwfu'
0.0
225.A .0
O .6
254
4 Butterfly Damper 5 Straight Duct 6 Elbow 7 Straight Duct 8 Elbow 9 Straight Duct 1 Tee / Wye main 11 72 13 74 15 71 18
Efbow
0.08800
3 Stralght
Duct
225 .0
644
.6
0.003
na tr n
225 .0 225 .0
C1
branch
co'mon
Straight
Duct
8.
225.0
1.
.0 10.0
1_25
Rectanguar Transitj-on
0.!12
oo7
o. 0822L
L25 .0 L25 .0
636.6 450.0
0.010
0.00s 0 .025
0.12304
12-39. Solution follows Example 12-14 closely. 12-40 Solution follows Exampte 12-14 closely
Excets from this work may be reprodued by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instrutional puoses only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny her )eproducion or rhion of his wrk beyond h permied by Secins ] 07 or 08 of he 1976 (]nied Sttes Copyrigh c ihou he peission of the cpyrigh
oer ii
unw'ful.
12-41.
255
SF
2
1
F
M
Po=o
1
c
A
8,,
=
Supply fan: Po
4 in. wg.
SF
2 S
1
Space Pressure S
P=0
-1
-2
le
257 12-43.
4
RF
M
P=0
-1
-2
Supply fan: Po
4 in. wg.
SI 4
P=0
-1
-2
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-prfit basis for testing or instructional purposes ony to students enrolled in urses for whih th txtbook has been adopted. ny other reprduction or rnslion f his rk beyond th pemited by Secions ] 07 r ] 08 of he 976 Unied Sttes Copyright c ithout he permission of the cpyrigh oner is unw/ul'
(a)
= 0.095
20x14
in. for
For elbows: Co = O.15; P" = 2x o.15(118O/4OO5)2 = 0'026 in. wg. For damper: Co = O.52, P = 0'52(118o/4OO5)2 = 0.045 in. wg. For grille: P, = 0'25 in. wg For expansion: Vo = V.'(A.'/o) = 118Ol2 =59O fpm
Pu
overall: Po
Po
0'25
0.026
(b)
For 18 in. duct with 1,00 cfm, P/L = 0'027 in. wg./10 ft
For duct: P6 = 0'027 x 401100 = 0.01 1 in. wg. For elbows: P" = 2x0'15(59ol4og5)2 = 0.006 in. wg. For grile: P, = O'25(1Qoo/2o)2 = 0.063 For expansion: Vo = 59012 = 295 fpm
259
'1 +
(c)
-- Deslgn Procedure -System type: Supply Dut Sizing Method: trqua1 r1ction
Rounding Method: Round Nearest
.900 in.
wg wq wg w wg
wg
an
Fan irflow:
AU AU AU
Pressure for Supply System: 0.150 in. wg - or 60.0 Pressure for Return System: .10 in. wg - or 40.0
% %
-- Lost ressure from ir and1ing Unit to Diffuser -Diffuser ID Q Tota Delta (cfm) (in. wq) 19 24 28 32 38 Total 150.0 L25.0 120.0 200.0 25.0
845.0 0.128 a.123 0.11s 0.143
.141
-- Ca1cu1ated Fittin Values -TD itting Type Dia. (in) Q (cfm) Velocity (ftlmin)
Delta P (in. \^/g) (in. wg) ^P/L
Eerpts from this work may be reproduced by instrutors for distributin on a not_fr_profit basis for testing or instrutional puoses only to students enrolled in courses fr which the textbok has been adopted. ny oher reproducin or rnslion of this work beyond h permitted by Seclins ] 07 or 1 08 of the ] 976 Unied Ses Copyrigh ct wihu the permissin f he cpyrigh ner is unlful.
Straight
Duct
L4 .0
0.0
0.0
190.4 190 .4
0.005
.006
0.06
0.06415
0. 6415
. 6415
main
branch
comon
on
250 .0
15'7 . 6
190.4
56
0. 05
0.006
main
12.A
10. 10.
845.0
branch
11 Straight Duct: L2 Tee ,/ Wye main 13 Stralght Duct 1-4 Tee / Wye main 15 16 11 18 L9 20 22 23 24 25 26 21 28 29 JU 31 32 3 3 34 35 36 3'/ 38
bow
co]non
12 .0
8.0
branch
comon
9.0 7.0 10.0 1.0 1.0 9.0 1.0 1.0 1.4 1.0 1.4 1.0 7.0 1.0 1.0 7.0 7.0 8.0 8.0
B. 9.
12A.A 395.
215 .0
190.4 151 .6
' 573.0 -151 .6 '1 ' G22 '\ 124 .2 622 .5
46'7 .'7
1'
0. 07
.01 L61
0.07
449 .0
0.003 0.016
0.07
0.
3
0.08259
branch
conon
215.0 150.0
15.0 15.0
L25 .0
0.07138
Straight
Duct
21-
Straight Duc Rectanqular Transition Diffuser / Gri1e Ebow Straight Ducc Rectangular Transition Diffuser,/ crill_e Sraqh ]uct Rectaigular Transition Diffuser,/ Grille
lbow
Ebow
150.0 150.0
150. 125 .0 L25 .0
1atr . rZJ
12
T
n n
375.0
449 .0
461 .1 61 1
.1
72A.A 720 .0
L20 .0
449.A
36.0
20.
Stralght Duc Butterfly Damper Straight Duct Rectanguar Transition Diffuser / Gri1le
E]_bw
0. 3
. 13
0
0.002 0.002 .030 0.002 0.011 0 .002 .036 0.003 0.010 0.000 0.04
.024
.02
0.05817 0.05817
0.05405
0.07106
0.0604
0.001 0.001
0.
5
0.06004
-- Design Procedure -System type: Supply Duct Sizing Method: Balanced Capacity
Rounding Method: Round Nearest
Exerpts frm this work may be reprodued by instrutors for distribution n a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to students enoed in courses for which the tetbook has been adopted. ny ther reproducion or trnlslion of his ork beyond h permied by Secions ] 07 or 08 of he 1 976 United Sttes Cpyrigh c hout he permission of the cpyrigh owner is unl:lful.
261
_- an Selection -Known an
0.9OO in.
wg
845.0 cfm
wg wg wg w wg
?
%
U AU AU
0.250 in.
Pressure for Supply System: 0.150 in. wg _ or 60.O Pressure for Return System: .100 in. wg - or 4O.O
_- Lost Pressure from ir andling Unit to Diffuser -Diffuser D Q Total De]ta P (cfm) (in. wg) 19 24 28 33 38 Total 150.0 725.0 720.0 200. 2s0.0
845.0 0.141 0.728 0.140 0.140 0.131
Dia. (in)
0. 14.
Q Veocity (cfm) (ftlmin) O O O 0 845.0 B45.O 845.0 595. O 250.0 845. 595. 395. O 20.0 595.0 395. 21 5.O L2a.O 395.0 2']5.O 15O. L25.0 2'75.0 150.0
B45. B45. 845. 845.
O. O 19O.4 '79a.4 '7 90 .4 i90.4 190.4 19O.4 j5j .6 458.4
De1ta P
(in. wg)
O. OOO . O8 O. OO3
O.
Straight Duct 14.0 Elbow 14 . 0 straight Duct 14.0 bow 14.0 Straight Duct 14. Tee / wye main 72.A branch 10.0 conmon 14.0 9 Stra1ght Duct 72.0 10 Tee / Wye main 10.0 branch 8.0 counon 2.0 11 Straight Duct 10.0 12 'T / ',o main 9.0 branch 6. O co]non 10.0 13 Stralqht Duct 9. \4 ee / Wye main 1 .0 branch '7 .0 co]nmn 9. 15 Straight Duct 1 .a
O.OO6
o.oo5
OO6
0.06415
O.O6415
O.OO6
.020
O. OO5
151 .6
190.4
O. OO4 O. O17
O.7 OO7
0.0'716'7
'724.2
O.OO3
O.
O. O8259
0.011
O.
OO6
. O8s2
xcets from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a nt-for_profit basis for testing or instrutional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny other reprducion or rnsion of this work beynd h permited by Sectins 07 or a8 of the ] 976 Unied Stes Copyright c wthout he pemission f the copyrigh oner is unvful.
262
19 20 2 22 23 24 25 26 21 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 3-l 38
.0
Reclangular Transit1on
Diffuser / Grilte Straiqht Duct 1bow Straight Duct Rectangular Transition Diffuser / erile El-bow Straight Duct Rectangular Transition Diffuser / Grill_e Elbow Butterfly Damper Straight Duct Rectangu1ar Transitin Diffuser / Gri11e E1bow Butterfly Damper Straight Duct Diffuser,/ critle
j.A
i.0
6. 6.
1.0
0
1.O
0.05
0.08082 0.05817
.05817
375.
G1
0.002
.030
1 2 36.0
677 .2
573.0 573.0
?? n
0.023
0.004
0.1\42-7
600.0
458 .4
0.010
.002
0.07106
1.0 10.
458 .4
0.040 0.0L6
10.0
1.0
750.
458.4
0.008
0.001 0.050
0.03599
Exets frm this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for_profit basis for testing or instructional puoses only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been Moptd. ny ther reproduction or rislion f hN wri beyond h pemied by Secins ] 07 or 08 of the 1976 United Sttes Cpyrigh c ihut he peimission of the cpyrigh over is unlfut.
Excets from this work may be reprodued by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only t students enrolled in ourses for whih the textbook has been adopted. ny other reproduction r trnsltion of this wrk beyond tht permitted by Sections ]07 or 0B of the 976 United Sttes Copyright ct without the permission of the cpyright o')ner is unlwful. Requests for permission or further infrmtion should be ddressed to the Permission Deprtment, John Wiley & Sons, nc, ] ] ] Rier Street, boken, NJ 07030.
CHAPTER
13-1. From q' 13-2
13
h-= tr* _
(C*
c-
lb*
_ t2 (l* , n,
r.,,.
ft'
_hr
ft2
Eq
13-14
lb*/ft3
hrP"' =
ftz _ hr--
-ft3 X9 =
ft3
ft2
]b, _hr
h
P3Cp,h
-z-
Btu
ftz _ hr _
F |b, Btu
^--^---;-
ft3 lb,F
ft2
- hr
ft3
13-2.
ftr)
also h,
h6
_ ft')
s)
13-3. hd
k
0,075x100x60x(1 t14_
261
o44
= g52
h6 = h/cpa
h,
ff lt'-hr)
3
13-4. Nu
= 600/ =
(il$
0.044lbmlft-hr;
Re =
h = 1'710'24 =
7'1 lba/(ft2-hr)
h* = h6/^=7'1l0'075 = 95 ft3/(ft'-hr)
13-5. 43,560
ft2 = 1
acre;
i'l
* = hd(Wr, - W-)
ssume: Le
= 0.85; C + 0'24
Thenho-
o.24(o.8q2t3
=
'
=23.221bal(ft2-hr)
0.013 bu/lba
- 0.0223lb"ilba
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instrutors fbr distribution on a nt_for-profit basis for testing or instructinal purposes nly to students enroled in ourses or rhih the textbook has been adopted. ny oher reproductin o, rootion of his rk beyond h pemited by Sections ] 07 or 08 of he ] 976 Unied Ses Copyrigh ct y]ihout he permission of the copyright owner is unlful.
__._ 262
h, = (23'22)1ooo(43,56OXo.o223
fr,,, = 9,415,ooO lbr/hr
o.o1 3)
19 gpm/acre
13_1g
ho= h
Q/ q/
=
W-
= O.O'1 10;
Chart
Q./A = 9(1
=
435 Btui(hr _
= 1'37 kWlm2
13-7.
Qr= rh,(i*-i,,)
h, = hd(WV, - W-)
h6 = h/(cr"Lezu); cp, = h =
'1
'510'24 = 6'25lbal(hr
W,
h,
0'0223lb,/lba
Le2t3 =
ft')
W* = o.0096 lb,/ba
1
h, = 3,572lbWhr
Q1
0.0096)
x 1,o99 kW
13-8'
lt is assumed that the blanket is folded in half over the clothes line with one side exposed to air.
ho
cp
Le-2t3
Excerpts frm this work may be reproduced by instructors for distributiol on a nt-for-profit basis for testing or instructiona puoses only to students enrolled in ourses for which the iextbok t-'u, ""r, adopted. -sl oher rj)a""rnn or rnslion of rhis ork beynd th permitted by Secions ] 07 or ] 08 f the 976 |Jniecl Ses copyrgh't c nut n" po7'irin f the copyrigh oner is unlful.
h*
hd(Wb
263
hr, =
}
I 8.
'=m*/[hd(Wv_W")]
(16
- 4)
87(56)(0. 03 1 2
0.01 52)
= 0.71 hr
= 42'6
min
Say 45 min.
13-9. The procedure is the same as example 13-1 except that the
energy balance line A-B will have a positive slope
and
tl
=75"F, tlz
17
90"F
Ans: 68162"F;
.4 ft2:4.8 ft
ft2;
4.8 ft
ns.
31126
C;
'1.6 m2; 3 m
13-11. The procedure is the Same aS example 13-2 exept that the energy
balance line A-B will have a negative slope and the inlet and outlet
water temps. are reversed.
ns: 71t69"F;
13
J
17
'4 ft2;5.5
ft
50
45
_
40
35 30 'l -Jt t2t
I I
=#,
4000 x
12.
A. =
rh
r/G,
X
0.071
6O/1OOO = 17 ft2
o_
lJ
25
20 60
permited by S
Y
70 80 90 100
or instrutional puoses only to |ion f his wrk beyond tht gh wner is unlwful.
264
2'7, Then
11 .8 ft
Ans: 1.4 to
1.5
ns:
13-17. Extrapolate the 72 F wb curve in Fig. 13-9. The largest cooling tower modeI ''M'', iS not arge enough to handle 200 gpm.
'13-9
-t. 2= 100-85 = 15 F
'yihou
Exerpts rom this work may be reprodued by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis fr testing or instrutional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted' ny ther reprduction or trnstion of his rk beynd th pemitted by Secins ]07 or l 08 of he ] 976 United Ses Cpyright c the permission ofhe copyrigh owner is unlful'
pproach = t. z-twol = 85 _ 76 = 9 F
Tower capacity =
Q
265
13-21 q
qpm/ton= 50 (250,000
/1
Note:
!n this
case,
'1
10 = 60 F
42 F
13-22. lbuquerque, NM; t6 = 64 F (able B-1a) (a) From Fig. 13-7; cold water temperature
gpm/ton
=
73 F;
2'5i
\/arm
t6 =
79 F (Table B-1a)
15,000
b)
two =
72F
80
= 4'o',max. t,5
65 F
266
85) = 12
76 F (Figure 13-9)
tu,
= 100 F
74 F (Figure 13-9)
Exets from this work may be reproduced by instrutors for distribution on a not-for_profit basis for testing or instructional puoses only to students enolled in courses for whih the textbook has been adopted. ny ther reproducion or trnslion of his ork beyond tht permitted by Sections ]07 or ] 0B f he 976 United Stes Cop1'ight c without the pemission of the copyrigh owner is unful.
-------_-=\
---
basis for Excerpts from this work may be reprduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for_profit textbok has been testing or instrutional pubses orty to students enrlled in courses for whih the of this work beyond tht permitted by Sections 107 or adoptd. ny other repriuction oi trnsltion the copyright owner is unlwful' Oti f the lbo ne Smtes Copyright ct withut the permission of be ddressed to the Permission Deprtment, Requests for permission or furter ffirmtion should Join Wiley & Sons, nc, ] ] Rier Street' Hoboken' J 07030'
CHAPTER 14
= 0.43
= 0.33
*=
200-180
120
- 60
(200 -120)
LMTD
= 98.7oF
(b) C"
=
=
(fr
"r)",,
= 50oo
*uo -
(29'92x0'491x144)
53.35(520)
'24)
5490 Btu/hr-F
cn = cc(1,2
= '16,500 Btu/hr-F
tu1)/(t*z
t*r) = 5490(1 20
-60y(200
180)
(c)
Cn
Q=
16'500
(6Ol1)
=25ft3/hr; Q
275(7.48) = 34 gpm 60
(d) q
UAF(LMTD)
C-.,
UA =
F(LMTD)
(t*z--t*l) _ 16,500(20
U UA
Cair
_ 180)
0.985(e8.7)
3390 Btu/hr-F
(e) NTU
NTU
UA
Cmin
Cc
267
^-
(f) \/
0.43
268
14-2' (a)
UF(LMTD) = (rh cp),i,(1 10-50) h, = 4000 x 14'7 x 144l(53.35 x 510) = 311'2 lbmin or 18,672|b/hr Q = 18,672(0.24)(110-50) = 268,874 Btu/hr q = (rh cr,,)('l80 - tr.,o) = Q5 x 8.33)(1)(180 - tho)60
=
1
t.o =
80
25x8.33x60
=?9y+
= 158.5 F or 159 F
-50
't[
10
- 50
LMrD=S#
=88
^J
ft2
(b)
110 180 -
5o
50
0.401'
Cr*
= o.3T
NTU
= 0.7,
Fig. 1 4-18
UA/C,1. = O'7i
,=
x
0'7\!481
= 314
ft2
14-3. (a)
h air
= 32o x 60
53.35x555
::'::'!!-
= 13,726lb/hr
125
l
atr.
refri.
125
+
Exerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distributin on a nt-for-profit basis for testing or instrutional puoses only to students enrolled in courses for whih the textbook has been adopted. ny oher reprduction or trnsltin of this ork beyond h permitted b Secons ] 07 or 08 f he 97 6 Lnied Ses Cp1'igh ct ihou the permissin of he copyrigh oner is unlcwfu.
r_.14-3.
269
(continued)
0.61s = ,':"=-'^?
125
t,o =
113'5'F
- 95
s(125- gs)
+ g5
(b)
Q = Cui,(tao - tai) - rh,.irg = 3294(11 3.5 3294(1 13.5 - 95) lrl,. = ------------.6s.s = 928 tb/hr
95)
14-4' (a) ,= l y
L
lm =
(1.0
-]
12
90(0.00 8 l 12) J
(b)
,.,
tah(mrl)
mr
,_ '
\mr) \r )\
, =
[E -,][.'+ O.35rnBj
r/
1.243
14-5.
s =
1+ A
s = 1-0.9(1-0.78)
0.80
'1
Uo ho?ro
J-
k(, /o
= 0.17;
1
hi(i /o
=
) 10x0.8
o and
k.opp",.
200x(1/9)
Assumes ;
Exerpts 1iom this work may be reproduced by instrutors for dstribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional puoses only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny ther reprducion or rnslin f his wrk beyond th permied by Secions ]07 or 08 of he 1976 United Ses Cpyright c withou he permissin f he cpyright oner is unllful.
270
14-7.
=! Uo 10x0.8
'1
100(1/9)
=0.133
Uo = 7.5 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
14-8. ,' -
tanh(m/)
v =| z"s _1''' =64.18 y ] l za1o.'t l]
[
m!.
e-l'''
L
6x1 o_3
m-1
mI = 64.18(6
x 1O-')
= 0.385;
0.953
_O.95)
Ar =
2LWP,
=
mm2;
= LW mm2;
Ar + (LW _ tLWPS)
1
Where P"
= 2HLWP' + LW _ tP, _2x6x0'47 +1_0'16x'47 - '1 lo+ l' '1A' o ,L\/P' 2x6x'47
= O.O19;
U = 52.3 W(m' _ c)
Excerpts from this rork may be reprodued by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional puoses only to students enrolled in ourses for whih the textbook has been adopted. ny ther reprducion or trnsin f his work beyond th permitted by Secions ] 07 or l 0B of he ] 976 United Sttes Cpyrigh c lihout he permission of the cpyright owner is unlwful.
271
14-11
.
tan h(m r/
znl1l2
L]
*=},=;;L>M
(a) Diml
=;'=
0.56 in
b = 1.35 in
Dim, =
=
jo.uu)'* (1'35)'1'''=
O.73
2x10
mr
L e0(0.01/ 12)
16.33(0.32112)1.56 = 0.631
f'''
= 16.33
ft-1
n_ '
t=12'5 =2.s:g=
R"
r
12'65
12.5
=1.012
= 1.27(2.s)(1.01 2
0.g)1t2 = 2.69
Excerpts fiom this work may be reprodued by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instrutional puoses on1y to students enolled in ourses for whih the textbook has been adopted' ny ther reproducon or rnstion ofhis lrk beyond th permitted by Sections ] 07 r ] 08 f he 97 6 United Ses Copyrigh c y,ithu the permission of he copyright owner is unlful.
272
=
0.753 = 0'85
11 =
m=l
zxo ll=66.67m-1
2.69
'
(b) ro
*(1 1
) -)-1_o.9(1 _O.s4)=0.86
oo(l o)
=
_----{
1o106
:^
= 0.120; Uo =
8.60 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
1=
=1
-0.9(1 -0.81)
0.83
0,.068ro s3
^4^
0 64(
1a.+rl o1
= 17.8; Uo
= 0.056 kW(m2
- c)
14-13. (a)
Rct = 2.222
10-6
0.010
1t12
1)'
)
.010
Rct = 4.15
]""'
10-a 1hr-ft2-r1/tu
(b)
'12
rc(1t0
Rct=3.913x10-7
0.18
0.18
72_
uott=
1)'
)
1o
1
.oe3 x 1o-41m2
- cyw
l
14-14' Re= D;=60.6
lbm/ft3
Excerpts frm this work may be reprodued by instrutors fbr distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to students enolled in ourses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny ther reproductin r rnsion ofthisorkbeyond tht pemitted by Secions ] 07 r 0B of the ] 976 Unied Ses Copy'igh c ihu the Permissin of he copyrigh oner is unlfut.
273
Dr = 0.545112 = 0.0454 ft;
e 'lA= 2'5
x+
Table C-2
=3.44fVsec
= o.93 lbm/(ft
Re =
60.6(3.44)0'0454 2.58x10-a
36,6g3i Re = 36,700
lo '',u
k
= O.23
"Bu Pro';
k = 0.383 Btu/(hr-ft-F)
Btu/(hr-ft2-F1
= O.O23
(0.0454)
14-15'
0-2a]
1O-2b]
= 0.7l1490
4'7 x
'1o-4
lbm/ft-sec [Fig.
'045 Re=ffi=20,940
63.02(3.4 4)0
(L/D),1n = 88
lr---''ia-
ft
[Problem 14-14]
.285
(0.0454)
690 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
14-16'
= 1.O45
x 62.4 = 65'21
lbm/ft2
= 1 '3l1490 = 8'725 x
co = 0.81
1O-a
lbm/(ft-sec)
Re=#=11,670
Exerpts from this work may be reprodued by instructors for distribution on a not-for-proit basis for testing or instrutional puosos ony to students enolled in courses for which the textbook has been adpted. Any her reproduction or trnstion of this ork beyond tht permitted by Secions ] 07 r 1 08 f he 1 976 United SeS Copyrigh c withu the permissin of he copyrigh oner is unlwful.
;k= 0.22; V
= 3.44 ft/seC,
D = 0.454 ft
274
,,"
_ 0.81x8.725x1 0-43600
0.22
= ..16
=
.1
209 Btu/(hr-ft2-F1
a(AJP)
= 62.4lbm/ft3 [Table A-1a]; = 3.45 lbm/(ft-hr) [Table A-1a] u':o!!_), Re = -'-?? = 32,556
'10
h = O.O23
! D
R"o'Pro'
9 0.125 9 0.125
(b) For
h
heating;
(32,556)0s11O.21o. = 642Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
= O.O23
14-18.
Dr, =
0.125
ft [From problem
1o_3
14-171
1
O-2a]
lbm/ft-sec [Fig
'
10-2b]
Re=
c,
Pr
=
Excerpts rom this work may be reprodued by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instrutional puoses nly to students enrolled in courses for whih the textbook has been adopted. ny other reproducion or rnsion of his work beyond h permited by Sections ] 07 or 08 of he 1 976 United Ses Cpyrigh c y,ithou he permission of the cpyright owner is unlful.
275
(a) Cooling
h
=
0.023
#
=
(b) Heating: h
285 '""
(26'9):1
(26'910'e
396 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
14-1g' (a) Re = D _
Assume L/D Then
60
o'uffi
o.o23 Reo.8Pro4, Pr =
[o'sgxlo3x+'lzl
6373
e.gl
= 9 9?: 0.o12
h = 8287 W(m2
C)
8.29 kw(m',- C)
(b) Re =
(1
.2x10-3x3.7x10-3 ,r=ffi=8.9
1
4 k\l(m2
- c)
14-20. (a) Re =
xerpts from this work may be reprodued by instructors for distribution on a nt-for-prfit basis for testing or instrutional purposes only to students enolled in courses or whih the textbook has been adopted. ny oher reproductin or trnslion of this work beyond h permitted by Secins ] 07 or 08 of the ] 976 Unied Ses Copyrigh ct |ihout he permission of he cpyright lner is unlcrlfu.
276
,,=1#
=1O'4
=
sff#
p22(1o.ol(ffi),"'
66 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
ethylene
30o/o
14_21. Re
992.2(0.1.0)x103 = 1519 653 There is a question about the flow regime. lt is probably
10.14
['J
= 1.
328
W(m'- c)
G.
.''
-
0.912;(Gr)",s
= ln't,,u z(o.s9)'
=237.81bm/(ft2-hr)
4\12)
(rh,),us
(Gu),us = 0.55/4" =
290'6 lbm/(ft2-hr)
= 12 3
DG, _ r0.589)r?)
H=
138(pr.,,.
[#j"'L?
E)"102
xcerpts from this work may be reprduced by instrutors for distribution on a not-fr-prfit basis for testing or instrutional purposes ny to students enrotled in ourses for whih the textbook has been adopted. ny other reprduction or trnson f his work beyond th permied by Sections ] 07 or 08 f the ] 97 6 Unied Stes Copyrigh ct ilhout he permission f the copy'igh oner is unfu.
277
p'(
e")"'
.,u.o1, 61
0.0135/
o )"'
= 1oo8
=
=
13.8 g - - .58
0.384 t12
Q8)
the tubes)
,(u]
Gu and
,,,oo8]o
888 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
"
Eq. 14-26
mt
=
0.314 kg/(m2
s)
(Gu)"ug =
2) t 2
1.767x10-a
= 0.399 kg/(m2
s)
0.390x10_"
DGu
( r)"'
|"
O.o15(0.39_9
Pr. '
t =
O'39Ox1
= (73
gz
2
l1
= 1024
0.665
ig = 2326kJ/kg
45C
h=13gj95)(2'46)1t3lffi].,u..o24)o2=5022W(m2-c)
h
= 5.02 kw(m2
- c)
At inlet x : 0.20; at outlet 10oF superheat p,J*FsnR 1"Q,psi?i k,':. if,'$-"t.n puoses only to from this wrk may ,l"rj],' ,,Jhm/fu wrk beynd h
R_22
278
Since X" 1.O; Cl = 8'2 x 1O-3; n = O.4 ssume tube wall thickness of 0.016 in. hen D; = 0.375 - 2(0.0161 = 0.343 in.
Ai=
'4
-g|
= 6'417
1o-4 ft2
rJ = -:-
80 rh= A j 6.417x10-a
= 124,700 lbm/(ft2
hr)
0.52
h h
=
=
8.2x 1O-3
(0.o56)
(O.343,
779 btu/(hr-ft2-F)
= 30%, Xe = 100%
Tsat =
. = O.27O x 1O-3 N-s/m2 [Table -3b]; extrapolate k. = 0.107 W(m - c) [Table A-3b]
i= 223 kJ/kg [Table A-3b]
GD=200(0.0085_)
'270x10_3
=6296
= 8.2
'1O-3;
n = O.4
6 = 8'2x
1O-3
296\2
7(223)1 000
. r0.
Ie 2x9.80 7
J]
h = 4106 W(m2 _ C)
4.11 klm',_
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-proft basis for testing or instrutional puoses only to students enrolled in ourss for which the textbook has been adopted. ny other reprducion or rnsion f his work beyond th permitlecl by Sectins ] 07 or 08 f he ] 976 tJnited Sttes Cyright ct \ihout he permissin f the copyrigh oner is unwfu.
14-26.
lr, =
279
,
Assume isothermat
10-1;L=(6x6)+(5xl)=41
ft
0.0454 ft;
= 3.44 fUsec,
Problem 14-14
=o.o2z*
-!10.0454 2x32.17
*lt!!l,t
=3.65ft
14-27'
l . =
" f !, D2g
ssume isothermal
0.34
2x32.17
',
1'07 ft
14-28.
(a) P. /L = 0.10
psi/ft;
CF
P.
CF
= 0.10 x 33.75
x 1'25
4.22 psi
(b) P. /L = 0.04
= 1.25
psi/ft
P.
= 0.04 x 33.75
x 1'25
= 1.7 psi
14-29.
Gt,^
= 18OO lbm/(hr-ft'); t, =
7O"F,tz= 120"F
280
Re, =
=
G'Xo
, Gc =
G"
Re,
4.6x10-2 jG" c,
6306
8.91 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
=
(b) Re6
At D6D
JP
j=
9.
A 4xoxr _ 4 1.25x1.083x0.56
= (3057)-04(1O.OS)-015 =
0'0152x0 '525x12
= 1O.O8
0.0285 (Eq.
14-39)
= 8.9 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
D*=
1+
0.525,0
I 1.25 - 0.525
t 0.173
f
=
4(
\67
L-
o o06) ) ]"
10.e04
'zs _,,l_o
4.2 x 1O-2 or
Exerpts lrom this work may be reprodued by instructors for distributlon on a not-for-proflt basis for testing r instructinal puoses only to students enrolled in courses for whih the txtbook has been adopted. ny her reprducon or rnson of his work beyond th permitted by Sectons ] 07 r 08 f the 1 976 Unied Sttes Copyrigh c wihout he permission of the copyrigh owner is unlwful.
4.5 kg/(m'-.);
tp =
2OC; Re =
Gc(0'0275)
281
'
Re =
4'5(0'027)
18.2x10-o
6800;
Cp = 1.OO5
kJ/kg-C
0.051 kJ/(m2-s-c)
= 0.051
kw(m2-c)
el-r,r *
e_,l*'+4l
-,
#!S#L 53.35(530)
A Af,
Where V
lh
A _
_147(1.083112)5 = 118'45
(1)0.56
A1,"
= t.
xL;
_(, * o.u6), )r9 _ l)* ''= /\0.068 ) 2(32'17)(0'072)(0.075)(3600) L\ o 042(1 1s 5)(0 075)l
214)2
072 -l
=
h = 12.2ft of air
Po =
(1i::?);'z
0 18 in. wg
xerpts from this work may be reproduced by instrutors for distribution n a not_for-profit basis for testing or instrutional puoses only to students enrolled in courses or whih the textbok has been adopted. ny other reproducion or rnsion f his wrk beyond th permtted by Sections ] 07 or 08 of the ]976 United Sttes Copyright c ihout he permissin f the cpyrigh owner is unful.
282
14-32. Use Equation 1 4-42 or 14_45 ti = 10C; t2 = 30C, ff" = 1 18.5 from problem
o =
pm =
14-31
ffi1
1O1x103
1.203 kg/m3
(0 56)2
t'
ffi[(,'.
o.O19(1 18.5)/
)(#-
1).
1!1
1.203 )
r,
= 1.67 m of air
Po = 1
6,
(#l',rool
= 2'O8mm of wg.
=
or Po = 1'67(1'244)9'807
20.4 Pa
14-g3. Re = G.Dr,
, D' = O.O101 ft
1O-2
t 65.F, = 4.39 x
e=lffi
h
=
2700(0.0101)
=621
0.013, f = 0.053
1
= 2700(0.24)O.013(0.72)-2t3 =
= O.72 From
O.
S Btu/(h r-ft2-F)
able A-4a
14-33; t = 65 F
=
=
14.6x144
(l + ")l2
0.076 lbmift3
xerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for_profit basis for testing or instructional puoses only to students enroled in urses fr which the texook has been adpted. ,lny otlrr', ir:o'-"in o, ronrtoton of his ork beyoncl ht permied by SeCionS ] 07 or 08 of he 97 6 Unied Ses Copyrgh c nout inte p,esion of the cpyrigh o,ner is untcwful.
28s
Assume a contraction ratio of 0'5 Then i -- 0 '32', " = 0 '27 Fig ' 1 4-17
A 4L -I2 == oll
Po
= 132
_ _
e7oq2
053(1
22.17
)1
4'6(1 44)(0.07
4)(3600)'
_ t(o.32 * l- os2)
_ (o 5)2
(#-
1)
-o
3r)ffi#] _ r
_'''1#'\
Po/Pg1
=4'126x10-a
Finned side fluid = air of Hg Finned side air pressure = 29'92 inches
Face area
Height of heat exchanger = 20'0 inches Width of heat exchanger = 32'0 inches
Numberofrowsoftubesintheairflowdirection=4 Numberoftubesperro\/=16circuitsontubeside=4
inches Fin pitch = 8 fins/inch Fin thickness = '006 Vertical tube spacing = 1'250 inches
* ,oi'iii)jili'bnii
puoses only to basis for testing or instructional by instructors for distribution on a not-fbr-profit of his ork beyond h xcerDts from this work may be reproduced ny- o,rnr, ,rrour'ioir-ron,oi ,-'. exibook r, ..nrjopi.*' oner is unlful' sudens enolled in courses ", *-L1. ih" prr^r,rio' oj'n" copyrigh i,o*, ] 07 ''hout permied by Sections
ciiilii, iri
284
Horizontal tube spacing = 1'083 inches Tube outside diameter = .500 inches Tube wall thickness = .016 inches lnside tube fouling factor = 'OOOO BTU-HR-SQFT-F
'/6C
14-95. (continued)
Btu/hr Total heat transfer rate = -48783'2 -48783'2 Btu/hr Sensible heat transfer rate =
95'0 F
Face velocitY
650'00 FPM
Leaving air conditions: Tube side conditions: 125'0 F Refrigerant saturation temperature = of water Air pressure loss = '393 inches PSI Tube side Pressure loss = 1'07 Fin efficiency =
'3gg
Tubesideheattransfercoefficient=388.88tu/hr-SQFT-F Finnedsideheattransfercoefficient=12'5Btu/hr-SQFT-F
Mean temperature difference
=
-20'7 F
(b) Yes
coil Tube pattern = staggered plate-fin-tube tubes Material = aluminum fins with copper
water
:;i:i'b:;,ff:;;i!:'ii:i1r,*"ir;?j':ii,:!;;iiii:i!j:'i#ii!*'' perm
c
w
ilhou he
286
air
Face area
Height of heat exchanger = 20.0 inches Width of heat exchanger = 40.0 inches Number or
ro\/S
Vertical tube spacing = 1.250 inches orizontal tube spacing = 1.083 inches Tube outside diameter = .500 inches ube wall thickness = .016 inches lnside tube fouling factor = .0000 Btu-hr-SQFT-F
Diameter of inlet pipe/header = 1.0 inch(s)
-95759.1 Btu/hr
=
-95759.1 Btu/hr
Face velocity
650.00 FPM
=
3611.1 CFM
4.00 FPS
=
- .831
Tube side heat transfer coefficient = '1368.8 Btu/hr,SQFT-F Finned side heat transfer coefficient = 14.4 Btu/hr-SQFT-F Mean temperature difference
=
-56.8 F
i 1_(8x12so)(6306)_1 1 and J_ , ^
js
o 872 g J.r,
now h/hs
ha =
= 0'872
h = 0'872(8.91)
7.77 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
=
jsjs
jn
1- 128oNr(Re)l 1- 64OORe-1
2
[From sotution
to
14-371
j _ 1_(6x128)(680)] 1- 64OO(6801-r z
= 0.96
Excerpts from this work may be reprodued by instructors for distribution on a nt_for_profit basis for testing or instructional puoses only to students enrolled in curses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny ther reprducion or rnslion of his ork beyond tht permed by Sections ]07 r 08 ofthe ]976 United Sttes Cpyrighcwithu the permSsion ofhe copyright o'ner is unlwful.
288
l ur rr s = jo/js = 0.96
h = 0'96 x 51 = 49W(m2
- C)
or o.o49 kW(m2
- c)
l - jcco
Pr-2l3 = O.OO85 x
.o73,
ffi
)
x60x
o-24(o'-2t3
or
85
55
= 1.5 x
1O-a
PSYC
1'27 x1O-a;
##l, -]
1'27
= u, 3;
M = 22'7 = 1'265
ft-1
r
*=
(- o.3)"' =
+
(1
o.3)1t2
O.35n&l
_ 1)[1
r)
=
xO'287
0'285
m-_--'-
'
tanh(mrl)
mr
g7.4o/o = 0.g74 or
,s
1 *
(1 -
,)
f _O.94(1 _ o'g74)=
O.98 or 98%
14-40' For
80/67oF;
tp =
60oF
289
Moisture would condense at the base of the fin on the tube outer surface if it condenses at all' Let t* be this temPerature.
where --"-'_
1 =-1' *,1*,r=Ai UAi hiA k, ,n 1 =!*41= :_""- U, hi ' k 1000 12x190 '9o]:^
t* = tr
UiAi(t,-
tr) = h69A(i,
ir)
= O.OO1
ffi(i,-
i*) = 50 +
ffi
(31.7
i*)
i* from
check assumption' Assume t* = 55'8'F then i' = 23'7 Btu/lba and the calculated t* checks O.K. Therefore moisture will condense at the base of the fin and on some portion of the fin. There will probably be no condensation near the outer edge of the
fin.
t =
15 C
ui 53
t*=ti
+0'0005
58
= O.O1888;
U= 52.98
ffi
(i"_i*)
=14'3-,g4,,* 4.2_i,)
*H
290
Coil DescriPtion:
Type of coil
=
Tube pattern = staggered plate-fin-tube coil Material = aluminum fins with copper tubes Tube side fluid
=
water
=
air
Face area = 12.50 square feet Height of heat exchanger = 30'0 inches
Width of heat exchanger = 60'0 inches; W = 2H Number of rows of tubes in the air flow direction = 5
ro\/ =
24
Finpitch=12fins/inchFinthickness=.008inches
Vertical tube spacing = 1'250 inches Horizontal tube spacing = 1'083 inches Tube outside diameter = '500 inches Tube wall thickness = '016 inches
14.42. (continued)
Total heat transfer rate = 232885.0 Btu/hr
291
Face velocity
550.00 FPM
=
6875.0 CFM
4.00 FPS
Tube side heat transfer coefficient = 822.3 Btu/hr-SQFT-F Finned side heat transfer coefficient = 10.0 Btuihr-SQFT-F
Exepts from this work may be reproduced by instructors 1br drstribution on a not-for-pro1lt basis for testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in courses fr whih the textbook has ben adopted. ny oher reproducion or rnstion of his wrk beyond th permitled by Sections ] 07 r 08 of he ] 976 tJnied Stes Copyright ct without he permissin f the cpyrigh ner is unfu.
292
Face area
Height of heat exchanger = 24.8 inches Width of heat exchanger = 60.0 inches Number of rows of tubes in the air flow direction = 4 Number of tubes per ro\ =
16
Fin pitch = 12
Fins/inch
Tube outside diameter = .625 inches Tube wall thickness = .022 inches lnside tube fouling factor = .0000 Btu-HR-SQFT-F Total heat transfer rate
Entering air conditions: Dry bulb temperatue = 82.0 F
purposS only to Ecets fim this work may be rprduced by instructors for drstribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instutional of this ork beynd tht students enrolled in courses for which the texibook has been adopted. ny oher reproducion or trnstin oner is unlful' permitted by Secins ] 07 or 08 f he ] 976 (nited Ses Cpyrght ct \hou the permissin of he copyrigh
241221.0 Btu/hr
67.0 F
Face velocity
500'00 FPM
=
5156.3 CFM
.679
375.5 Btu/hr-sQFT-F
Tube pattern
Material
=
Air
294
Face area = 12.00 square feet Height of heat exchanger = 24'0 inches
Width of heat exchanger = 72'0 inches Number of rows of tubes in the air flow direction = 2 Circuits on tube side = 16 Number of tubes per ro\M =
16
Finpitch=8Fins/inch
ube outside diameter = '625 inches Tube wall thickness = .0'18 inches lnside tube fouling factor = .0000 Btu-hr-SQFT-F Total heat transfer rate Entering air conditions:
Dry bulb temperature 60.0 F
=
-554503'6 Btu/hr
=
-55453'6 Btu/hr
Face velocitY
750'00 FPM
=
9000.0 cFM
'1 F
=
5'000 PSIG
Air pressure loss = '269 inches of water Fin efficiency = .738 surface effectiveness = '756
purposes only to on a not-for_profit basis for tsting or instrutional Excets from this work may be reprodued by instrutors 1br distribution ny her reprucion or rnsltion f his ork beyond th students enrolled in ourses tbr w*ch the texibook has b..n uJo|t"d. ner is unful' isiz Lnitel Ses cpyrglt ,ci thout the permission of he copyright permitted by Sections ] 07 r l ^"i
'n,
295
14-44. (continued)
ube side heat transfer coefficient = 2051.7 Btu/hr-SQFT-F Finned side heat transfer coefficient = 14.6 Btu/hr-SQFT-F
Tube pattern = Staggered plate-fin-tube coil Material = Aluminum fins with copper tubes
ubesidefluid=3Oo/oethyleneglycolsolution
Finned side fluid
=
ir
Face area
= 5.56
square feet
Height of heat exchanger = 20'0 inches Width of heat exchanger = 40'0 inches Number of rows of tubes in the air flow direction = 2 Circuits on tube side = 4 Number of tubes per ro\/ =
16
Fin pitch
Fins/inch
Vertical tube spacing = 1'250 inches Horizontal tube spacing = 1'083 inches Tube outside diameter = .500 inches Tube wall thickness = .016 inches
Insidetubefoulingfactor=.OOO0Btu-hr-SQFT-F
'1'0 inch(s) Diameter of inlet pipe/header =
-9610'1 Btu/hr
=
-90610'1 Btu/hr
purposes only to distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional EXcetS fiom this work may be reprodued by instructors tbr ny other reproucion or rcnsion of his ork beyond ht aJopte. students enrolled in ourses fbr which the texibook has been copyrigh oner is unlfu' i sz (Jnied SeS cip)rgt 'ci hu ihe permission of he permited by Secions ] 07 or l ^"i
Face velocity
650.00 FPM
=
3611.1 cFM
Leaving fluid temperature = 128.4 F Tube side fluid velocity = 4.00 FPS Cooling or heating iquid flow rate
= 9.O
GPM
ir pressure loss = '186 inches of water ube side head loss ='10.13 feet of water
Fn efficiency
.83'1
Btu/hr-SQF-F
Finned side heat transfer coefficient = 14.4 Btu/hr-seFT-F Mean temperature difference = -57.6 F here is a 5 percent reduction in capacity and increased pressure loss on the tube side.
ube pattern
=
studentsenroIedincoursesfrwhihthetextbookhasbeenadopted.
from this work may be reproduced by instrutors for distribution on a nt-for-profit basis or testing or instrutional purposes only to
Air
297
24
Fin pitch = 12
Fins/inch
Vertical tube spacing = 1.250 inches Horizontal tube spacing = 1.083 inches ube outside diameter = .500 inches ube wall thickness = .016 inches lnside tube fouling factor = .0000 Btu-hr-SQFT-F
Diameter of inet pipe/header = 2'5 inch(s)
Face velocity
550.00 FPM
=
6875.0 cFM
298
14-46. (continued)
Leaving air conditions:
Dry bulb temperature 58.6 F Wet bulb temperature 58.2 F
62.0 F
4'00 FPS
ir pressure loss
= .756
inches of water
.699
Tube side heat transfer coefficient = 476.4 Btu/hr-sQFT-F Finned side heat transfer coefficient = 10.0 Btu-hr-SQFT-F The capacity is reduced by about 9 percent, the pressure loss on the
tube side is increased and the leaving air temperatures have increased
by about 1 degree.
Coil Description:
Type of Coil Material
=
basis for testing or instrutional purpses nly to Excerpts 1ior this wrk may be reproduced by instructors fbr distribution on a not-for-profit reproducion or rnstion f his work beyond th students enroled in ourses for whih the texibook has been adopted. ny oher ]976 Unied Ses Copyrigh ,ci ithou ihe permission of he copyright oner is unlwfu' permited by Sectins ] 07 or l o i7
Water
=
299
Air
0. FT. of levation
eight of Heat Exchanger = 12.5 ]nches Width of Heat Exchanger = 25.0 linches Number of Rows of Tubes in the ir Flow Direction = 5 Number of Tubes Per Row =
10
Fin Ptch = 8
Fins/lnch
300
4.00 FPS
= '750
Tube Side eat Transfer Coefficient = '1 354.2 Btu/hr-SQF-F Finned Side eat ransfer Coefficient = '19.5 Btu/hr-SQF-F Mean Temperature Difference
=
-58.5 F
Exerpts from this work may be reproduced by instrutors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instrutional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny oher reproducion or trnsltion f this wrk beyond h permitted by Secions ] 07 or 08 of the ] 976 Unied SteS Copyrigh ct 1ihout he permission of he copyrigh owner is unlful'
Excets from this wrk may be reproduced by instrutors for distribution on a not-for-prort basis fr testing or instrutional purps, on1y to students enrolled in courses for whih the textbook has been ]07 or ]08 adoptd. ny ther repiodiction r trnsltion of this work beyond tht permitted by Sections is unlwful. o7 ile lz (]nited Smtes Copyright ct without the permission of the copyright owner iequests for permission or furtier-idormtion should be ddressed to the Permission Deprtment, Jhn Wiley & Sons, nc, 11 Rier Street, Hoboken, ]\J 07030.
Chapter 15
15-1
COP
qe/\rv;
UseP-idiagram
_V = i+_ig =119.5_105.5
= - 14.0 Btu
lbm
p
4
Q"=il -i=42'5-119'5
=
ooF
tlooF
14
ooF
g"=-Q"+\M=77-14
=
63 Btu / lbm
(a) (b)
COP=63 114=4.5
CoP"".n.1 = 50
l (570- 5)
%
7'14
0r=
(c)
4.5 7.14
0.63 or 63
= Q"
coP
lhr =
1.5
HP N
7.8 kW
then
ton 10 =
HP
10'5
1.O5 and
=O.22 kW
=
(d)
Qe = hQe o h =
10 (12,000)
63
300
(e) W
(f)
PD
rhv.
O.O1 m3 / s
15-2
(a) 8c=il_i,
i+
i+_i
=ig
_W / rir
Qc = i1
-i4:260'3 -i4
=
-188'1 kJ / kg
kJ / kg
/ kg
w
9e
i3
398.4
- 448'4: -50
9c -\M
- 188.1-50 : 138.1 kJ
(b) COP
(
(c) (d)
= 138.1 I 50 = 2.76
)carnot =
coP
#*:3.86
o/o
0r = 2.76 /
3.86 = 0 '72 or 72
15-3
mi =m2i2+ rh5i5
rh1 =
fi2=
rh3 = rh = rhs
is =
i.l
+i _iz
= 44'94
: 108'5
Btu / Ibm
Ps
= P+
:16.6 Psia
!
-r0
F
w=i6-is,So=Ss
sat. vapor 80 F
Excerptsfromthiswrkmaybereproduedbyinstructorsfordistributionona.not-for-profitbasisfortestingorinstructionalpurposesonlyto ,l -_...__^ll^r;^^^llfaAqfnru,lihthetextbkhasbeenadontel. notherreroducionortrnsliono{thiswrkb?bdth^2v":1'^)
_
301 io
3]
\/
Qe = i+
_i3 : i
_iz =
1o1 '54
37'98 = 63'6
15-3 (continued)
^t ton rhge
HP
TT8
132
P
ton
15-4
HP
t9
_ 0 =| 1+ C
.
L
^ c rr..1l"'
I
\PoJl
v3 vb
n = k = 1.17; 1
ln= 0.855
P./P6:180120:9
v3
r80
P
2
(a)
nu
0.75
,..
: ftua or 'v
PD
PD
v3
0u lb
/ ft3
rh PD
(b)
0.75 2.14
,
0.90
0.15
Exemtsfrmthiqrnrl-tra\,L--__-^j,'^^lL-.:__}_'.^a^.^.--f,j_+-:!_,'+:^-_-___^}^--.nfi'+-"iaff
tt;frinctrlotinnql
nllrnnssnnlvt^
rh /
PD =
15-5
4
P
cyl
=
49]
= 138.8
2 qsoF
'o4 ft3 / Ibm;
fr2, / PD; 2a
ft3 / min
1z=Pt" (iz_,.,l 2a
#f4
(.'46)
or
15-6
--
__^fi+
L-.].
303
Subcooling = 10 F
(a)
3t
P 90
120 E
-3
\
t.
130 F, te
45 F
'15-6 (Continued)
P |1
;.} b* 4\'d
tl:130-10=120F
35
i:iz:46
(b)
Btu / lb
Wc
14.8
kW = 50,498
Btu / hr
=
(c)
te
32.5
(Fig. 1 5-); W
13.3 kW
15-7
l1
.'jL''L:^-.^_-^^+f^r-nrnfithasisfrtestinsorinstructional purposesonyto
304
Evapl a),( c)
t-
o () o
o (d
-
(,
-
_
b)
o(a)( c)
io
orator
15-8
Design
Pointo
-o(
-c
o o o
13.7
oc
()
'
o(
S*ewff#{&eff&Etrwib,gerugffi'"'^''n'''
his work
only to h permied
-305
Pe = 69
psia; te
30
(able A-4)
'1
'15
F, but the
(b)
(q
_q) / a
1_*=0.36
305
or 36 % low
(c)
Check for proper air fow over evaporator. Fan speed may be
low or an obstruction exists.
15-9
Suction valve,
P:2
psia
= 4 psia
Discharge valve, P
'10
lz s
ssia
sat R-22 ao '
P=90.73psia
,-
Piston clearance=5o'
u=|
450F
uo
Excrpts from this work may be reprodued by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to l students enroled in ctlrses fnr whinh tL +__}L^^l'- L^^ L^^- ^j^_'
V3 = Vg at 45
F;
vo
n:1.16, C=0.05
(a)
(b)
ri'r
L "_v'v's&rcJ
(+\1/1
16l /o o+\
.*
0'e
.,l
- ry, (PD) / v. :
(.838) 20 / 0.604
27.75|bmlmin N 0.2 kg /s I
]
(c)
=!, W=*o",[[
*
=
P.
.n-1
n
I P)
-11
I
I
1J9(ss.73)
0.16'
(144) (o .66) l (
)l ' '|(8zs)_.'
l, 2'79 ,oi6
0,466 ft - lbf
/lbm
x 31 kJ/kg
1.1.0
w _27.75(10,4666) _
0.80(33,00) '15-10 (a)
HP x
8.2 kW
ou
'
=|l+ O.04
_ o.o4
'u'
)'''o]
c>f
*l
Excerpts from this work may be reprodued by instrutors for distribution on a not_for-profit basis for testing or instrutional purposes only to
ctrr.lan+. ^--^iri
307
(PD) u
lz
19
*p=zoo
ir
o6o
'55
tz 6.
t"
\l
I I
oor
60.oF
I
1'4_1
vl =
fr*
0m
1t55
Btu / min
QH=+Q=(155x60) +
= 39,3ooBtu/hr
15-10 (Continued)
or qH
W23 =i2
-i3,
iZ
=iZt
W = 133 +
j9491
778
=125.2Btu / bm
9 = ia
_i3i
i = 9 +iu =
_#+
11.44
(b)
lteration is required
P3 will decrease with the lighter load but Pz is (P3 / P2) t'n will be about the same
as part
(a);
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis
-+,,f,^-+-.-.---rl j
onlv to
308
However , 2= O.85 and rh
=
: (PD) l e
oWW
W=
(1
t w :83.5
,,
(50) = 188
psia
18
Ps
41.9 .83.5 9 4.3
t
15-11
Reduced air flow reduces the load on the evaporator. Without suction pressure control the evaporator pressure will decrease
until condensate will freeze and completely block the
purposes only to xerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional
309
lnstall an evaporator pressure regulator set to maintain a pressure such that the temperature of the evaporator surface will not decrease below the freezing point for water.
15-'13
lnstall a suction pressure regulator on the compressor inlet. he regulator shoud be set to limit the suction pressure to a
level compatible with the compressor capacity.
(b)
'v - L=!=0.18s m ( 20
18.5
o/o
or
i
15-15
Using chart 2
X3
=
tb ammonia/lb sol.
=
0.495; ts
125 F
l8ooF
28ooF
Tz7 l6TT-sia
0.25
.495
+
Excerpts from this rork may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for_profit basis for testing or instrutiona purposes only to students enrolled in courses fbr whih the textbook has been adopted. ny other reproduction or trnslin of this work beond h nemilto) by Sectins ]07 or ]08 fhe !Q76 [nifa'] Slnlo" r'^'.'-':'-'' ''
310
15-16
)'
T^ = '9 -
180
460
64OR;
Te=75
460
535
R;
To
=]00
460 = 560 R
(COP)ma x = 2.675
15-17
'10 mm hg.
Table -1a;
0; P
= 10 mm hg
0.6 ; P = 10 mm hg
ffru=1;m.=5
ms5mv mm6ms
5lv = ; tS = i ob
E
x 45'5
37.g
i, -
io =
-50
Exerpts rom this work may be reproduced by instrutors for distribution on a not-fr-profit basis for testing or instrutional purposes only to students enoled in ourses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny oher reproducion or rnslion of his rk beyond th pemed by Sectins 07 or ]08 ofhe ]976 tnited Ss Canrioh ?r1!a!"^''a n'^ ' '
311
Qtot
: 1064.8
i
+ (6
lm
ib
70
\m -1
h9
0.5
0.6
0.8
Excerpts from this work may be reprodued by instrutors for distribution on a not_for_profit basis fo testing or instructional purposes only to students enolled in ourses for whih the textbook has been adopted. ny other reproduction or trnsltion of his ork beyond th permited b Sections ]07 or ]08 fhe ]976 [kitad Stntc nh1'';-L} ^l''':'1''' ' ''
311
ADDENDUM
to Solutions Manua fr McQuiston, VAC 6e Probem 6-10 For the floor, it is unlear what2 in. vertial edge insulation means (whether 2 in. is the thikness of insulation or the depth of the edge insulated). . The solution assumes that the insulation has R-value of 5.4 hr-ft2-oF/Btu and the depth of the edge is 2 ft. For the door, Table 5-8 in the 6th edition does not have U-value for the wood storm door and there are three types of the wood door with 1 % in. thickness. The solution assumes that the doors are panel doors with metal storm dor; hene, its U-value is 0.28 But/hr-ft'-'F.
robem 7-9
The standard time zone for ottawa, ontario is astern Standard Time instead of Central Standard Time. The solution uses Eastern Standard Time.
Prblem 7-14
For the specified loatin, the sunset ours before 9:00 p.m. CDST on June 21. The solution uses 8:0 p.m. CDST instad of 9:00 p.m.
Tabte 8-20
Reommended radiative and convetive frations for solar heat gains should be revised sine the 6th edition uses the SHGC values in the calulation of the (ombined) solar heat gain for the RS methd.
Example 8-16
he example actually uses 90%/10% of radiative/onvetive split of the cmbined solar
and 6301370 for the absorbed slar heat gain.
L--**-
312
Exampe
9_1
"