Solutions to

COMMUNICATIVE
PULLOUT WORKSHEETS FOR CLASS X

By

Dr. M.M. Sharma

M.A., Ph.D.

Since 1950

SARASWATI HOUSE PVT. LTD.

(An ISO 9001:2008 Company) EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHERS
9, Daryaganj, Near Telephone Office, New Delhi-110002 Ph: 43556600 (100 lines), 23281022 Fax: 43556688 E-mail: delhi@saraswatihouse.com Website: www.saraswatihouse.com Branches Bengaluru: (080) 26619880 Chandigarh: (0172) 2624882 Chennai: (044) 24343740 Jaipur: 9672987282 Kochi: (0484) 3925288 Lucknow: (0522) 4062517 Mumbai: (022) 28343022 Patna: (0612) 2570403

CONTENTS
SECTION A READING Unseen Passages V Worksheets 1 to 10 .......................... F-5F-7 Comprehension V Worksheet 11 .......................................... F-7 Voice Projection V Worksheet 12 .......................................... F-8 Creativity V Worksheet 13 .......................................... F-8 SECTION B WRITING Biographical Sketch V Worksheets 14 & 15 ............................... F-9 Data Interpretation V Worksheets 16 & 17 ............................. F-10 Dialogue Writing V Worksheets 18 to 20 .................... F-10F-11 Description (People/Places/Events) V Worksheets 21 to 23 .................... F-11F-12 Formal/Informal Letter V Worksheets 24 & 25 .................... F-12F-14 E-mail V Worksheet 26 ........................................ F-14 Diary Entry V Worksheet 27 ........................................ F-15 Story Writing V Worksheet 28 ............................... F-15F-16 Article Writing V Worksheet 29 ........................................ F-16 Speech Writing V Worksheet 30 ........................................ F-17 Debate V Worksheet 31 ............................... F-17F-18 Developing Writing Skills V Worksheet 32 ............................... F-18F-19 Group Discussion V Worksheet 33 ............................... F-19F-20 Budding Artists and Poets V Worksheet 34 ........................................ F-20 Find the Solution V Worksheet 35 ............................... F-20F-21 Quiz, Write-up V Worksheet 36 ............................... F-21F-22 Conversation V Worksheet 37 ........................................ F-22 Developing Listening Skills V Worksheet 38 ............................... F-22F-23 SECTION C GRAMMAR Filling Blanks with Suitable Words V Worksheets 39 to 43 ............................. F-24 Using Notes to Complete Paragraphs V Worksheets 44 to 47 ............................. F-25 Dialogue Completion V Worksheets 48 to 50 .................... F-25F-26 Sentence Reordering V Worksheets 51 to 54 .................... F-26F-28 Editing-Detecting & Correcting Errors V Worksheets 55 to 58 .................... F-28F-29 Omission: Supplying Missing Word V Worksheets 59 to 62 .................... F-29F-30 Completing Passages (using Reported Speech) V Worksheets 63 to 66 .................... F-30F-31 Completing News Reports (by using Headlines) V Worksheets 67 to 70 .................... F-31F-32 Sentence Transformation V Worksheet 71 ........................................ F-32 Verbs Forms V Worksheet 72 ........................................ F-33 Sentence Structure V Worksheet 73 ........................................ F-33 Connectors V Worksheet 74 ........................................ F-33 Determiners V Worksheet 75 ........................................ F-34 Pronouns V Worksheet 76 ........................................ F-34 Prepositions V Worksheet 77 ........................................ F-34 Clauses V Worksheet 78 ........................................ F-34

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Modals V Worksheet 79 ........................................ F-34 Passive Voice V Worksheet 80 ........................................ F-35 Narration V Worksheet 81 ........................................ F-35 SECTION D LITERATURE Fiction Two Gentlemen of Verona V Worksheets 82 to 84 .................... F-36F-38 UNDERSTANDING THE TEXT: Two Gentlemen of Verona V Worksheet 85 ............................... F-38F-39 Mrs Packletides Tiger V Worksheets 86 to 88 .................... F-39F-42 DISCUSSION: Mrs Packletides Tiger V Worksheet 89 & 90 ...................... F-42F-43 The Letter V Worksheets 91 to 93 .................... F-43F-45 UNDERSTANDING THE TEXT: The Letter V Worksheet 94 ............................... F-46F-47

Poetry The Frog and the Nightingale V Worksheets 95 to 98 .................... F-47F-49 GROUP DISCUSSION: The Frog and the Nightingale V Worksheet 99 ............................... F-49F-50 Mirror V Worksheets 100 to 102 ................ F-50F-52 APPRECIATION OF THEME: Mirror V Worksheet 103 ............................. F-52F-53 Not Marble Nor the Gilded Monuments V Worksheets 104 & 105 ................ F-53F-54 DISCUSSION: Not Marble Nor the Gilded Monuments V Worksheet 106 ............................. F-54F-55 Drama The Dear Departed V Worksheets 107 to 111 ................ F-55F-59 ROLE-PLAY: The Dear Departed V Worksheet 112 ............................. F-59F-60 PRACTICE PAPERS ................... F-61F-80

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READING

SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENTS
UNSEEN PASSAGES
WORKSHEET1 Passage1
(a) flowing (c) fleeting (e) summer (g) change (i) rhetorical (b) sky (d) beating (f) dry (h) spring (j) eternity 1. dark matter 2. 73% 3. WMAP 4. its age, expansion rate, density 5. strange and quirky

Passage2

WORKSHEET2 Passage1
(a) white (c) beautiful (e) rigid (g) elements/agents (i) ingredients (b) plant (d) held (f) pattern (h) terrible (j) accidental

Passage2
1. (d) of the appalling condition of State schools 2. (d) educationally deficient and uncompetitive in most contemporary skills 3. (b) school managements do not cooperate 4. (d) parents 5. (c) complacency

WORKSHEET3 Passage1
1. (b) stung by the bees on the face 2. (d) searched 3. (c) hippopotamuses 4. (d) unfavourably 5. (c) assemblage (a) angry (c) beats (e) care/bother (g) who (i) gleam

Passage2
(b) cage (d) silently (f) question (h) miserable/sorry (j) thunderous/loud/ powerful

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WORKSHEET4 Passage1
(a) scorn (c) beautiful (e) freedom (g) dead (i) bounties/gifts (b) blessed (d) races (f) prevail (h) avarice/greed (j) wretchedness 1. atmosphere 2. airwaves 3. harmful radiation 4. by trapping the heat 5. protects

Passage2

WORKSHEET5 Passage1
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. (d) (c) (b) (c) (d) with the rhythm of nature good health, energy and a calm mind the digestive fire of pitta is at its peak hot or cold toxin (a) (c) (e) (g) (i)

Passage2
experience swiftly can skating pedals/treadles (b) (d) (f) (h) (j) dash make shares slow toil/hard effort

WORKSHEET6 Passage1
(a) (c) (e) (g) (i) great beginning passion flowers/blossoms beauty (b) (d) (f) (h) (j) devoted ambition desires sufferings smother

Passage2
1. on the mantelpiece 2. interrupted him 3. a similar pair of emergency spectacles were with an optician 4. almost as helpless as a blind man 5. with good intentions

WORKSHEET7 Passage1
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. a little narrow-minded creature all sort of things must be taken together to be what she is it cant crack a nut the squirrel 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. (c) (d) (d) (c) (c)

Passage2
Ross Island permanent residents spread their branches and shoots there were no inhabitants trial

WORKSHEET8 Passage1
(a) (c) (e) (g) (i) lay groans/cries kindness returned nursed (b) (d) (f) (h) (j) distress/sorrow lacked gold helped invaluable

Passage2
1. (b) he refused to pay the porter any tip 2. (a) the hotels were too expensive for him to afford 3. (b) on a park bench 4. (b) a thrifty person 5. (c) a free resting place

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WORKSHEET9 Passage1
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. (c) (d) (a) (c) (d) he has become old remembering, good old times to spend time with his grandchildren feels no worry or unhappiness to become weaker or less important

Passage2
1. a beautiful actress 2. she did not want to go back to her house every night 3. she got the room painted 4. she thought that the painter would thus work better 5. beauty

WORKSHEET10 Passage1
(a) (c) (e) (g) (i) thought simple unknown quite/very appearances (b) (d) (f) (h) (j) blank centipede leather crushed indifference 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. (a) (c) (b) (d) (c)

Passage2
tough outer shell plastron breathe thousands of kilometres the place where they go to for getting their feed

FORMATIVE ASSESSMENTS
COMPREHENSION
WORKSHEET11
1. (a) She wanted to pursue her dream. It was to train blind Tibetan youngsters in certain skills. These skills were needed to become confident and valuable members of their society. (b) The blind children at the centre in Lhasa move around with confidence. They do not betray fear or uncertainty that the blind show when they move. 2. self-confidence dedication adventures focussed iron will visionary

ACTIVITIES 1. You fail to enjoy the wealth of literature. You remain ignorant of the latest developments. You cant reap the fruit of flowering knowledge. You have to depend on others for enlightenment. You remain backward and superstitious. 2. 1. 2. 3. 4. EDUCATION FOR ALL read 12 are illiterate strengthening of democracy write to us write 10 cant write help in development work send an e-mail

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VOICE PROJECTION
WORKSHEET12
1. Word Academic Academy Allergy Allergic Alley Abate Audacity Alibi Abandoned Attacked Pronunciation k demIk 'kd mI 'l dzI 'l3:dzIk 'lI 'beIt :'ds tI l baI 'bnd nd 'tkd Word Accept Athlete Content Drowned Film Figure Genuine Modern Myriad Panorama Pronunciation k'sept 'lI:t 'k ntent/k n'tent dra nd fIlm 'fIg (r) 'dzenju In 'm dn 'mIrI d 'pn 'ra:m

2. Dear Students! It gives me great pleasure to address you on an important subject, namely higher education in foreign countries. I have been informed that some of you are seriously considering going abroad for further studies in the USA or Australia and to that end they have been contracting the embassies and foreign educational institutions as well. Well, I wont dissuade you from going in for specialisation abroad. I agree that their laboratories are better equipped and the standard of living is far better. At the same time I would like to draw your attention to two points. First, education in the states involves huge financial expenses. You must have a rich sponsor either at home or abroad. Secondly, most of you may be lured by the rosy prospects to stay there. Consequently our country will suffer from braindrain. I would fervently appeal to you to devote your talents, energy, expertise, hardwork and devotion to the service of the motherland. Educational facilities in various scientific courses in our country are in no way inferior to those obtaining abroad. Dont construe that I am biased against education abroad. Do go to a foreign country if it provides advanced technology, expertise or specialisation not available here and that too after doing your graduation (B.E., B.Tech., MBBS) here, so that you dont drain the meagre resources of the country. I would like to conclude by asking you to remember what an old, fond mother said to her young son, Go there to study, but come back to serve your mother.

CREATIVITY
WORKSHEET13 Passage1
1. (i) (iii) (v) (vii) (ix) keeping ones head waiting patiently not hating others not talking too wisely ability to meet triumph and disaster equally (ii) (iv) (vi) (viii) (x) trusting oneself truthfulness not looking too good not make dreams your master risking all, losing and starting again

2. Try yourself.

Passage2
1. (a) three shining red operating tables (b) the dials (c) the anaesthetic machines 2. (a) brightly (b) emerged (c) clambered (d) opened

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WRITING

SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENTS
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH
WORKSHEET14
1. MR RAJTHE SCHOOL GARDENER Mr Raj, the school gardener is around 50 years in age. He is six feet tall and solidly built. He is quite active and agile. He has passed matriculation examination. He is not well paid but he has to support a large family of ten. The family comprises his parents, his wife, himself and his six children. He has four boys and two girls. Mr Raj is a good gardener. He can be seen in the nursery. He sows seeds, grows saplings and plants them. He favours organic manure for the plants. He maintains the school lawns and playgrounds. He is popular among students and teachers alike. He believes children are like young saplings. Both need tender nursing and care. MR SUDHIR KUMAR Mr Sudhir Kumar is our school librarian. He is 35 years old. He looks tall at 170 cm though he weighs 70 kg and is a little fat. Perhaps his pleasant looking personality makes him more attractive. He has a masters degree in Hindi from Delhi University. He is a trained librarian with 8 years experience. He performs his duties properly. He purchases books for the library and displays the title covers of new arrivals. He is responsible for maintaining cleanliness and silence in the library. Besides advising students about books, he also issues books. He holds book exhibition. He is well informed, kind and helpful. We love him as he is polite, gentle, soft-spoken and friendly.

2.

WORKSHEET15
1. MAHATMA GANDHI Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was born on 2nd October 1869. His mother was a pious lady whereas his father was the Diwan of a state. After receiving early education in India, Gandhiji went to England for higher studies. He became a barrister. He went to South Africa as a lawyer. He was shocked to find discrimination against the blacks. He used peaceful, nonviolent civil disobedience as a means of protest. When he returned to India, he took part in the freedom movement. His weapons were truth and violence. He was sent to jail many times but he led India to freedom in 1947. He worked for the uplift of Harijans and Hindu-Muslim unity. He was shot dead on 30 January 1948 by a Hindu fanatic. MR SURESH KUMAR Mr Suresh Kumar is our Mathematics teacher. He is six feet tall and weighs 75 kg. Though he is somewhat fat, he is smart and good-looking. He got his Masters degree in Mathematics from Agra University, Agra. He is a trained teacher with 15 years experience. Besides teaching us Mathematics, he is also our class teacher. He organises Mathematics Olympiad. We all love and like him because he is painstaking and thorough in his work. He explains the topic in detail and solves all our problems. He is cheerful and a patient listener. He is easily available. His friendly approach makes even a difficult subject like Mathematics seem easy.

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DATA INTERPRETATION
WORKSHEET16
1. CHANGING TASTES OF MUSIC LOVERS The sales record of the shop shows that Indian classical music is the least popular among music lovers. More records of classical music and Western music are sold than the cassettes. Western music holds a slight edge over the classical music. Its popularity increases as the spring month of March comes. Indian film music is loved most by the music lovers as is evident from the sale of records and cassettes in the three months under review. During January and February it was at least 13 times more popular than Indian classical music and 7 times more than Western music. However, in March the popularity ratio fell down to 7 and 5 respectively. VIEWS REGARDING GRADING SYSTEM Most students and parents were of the opinion that grading system was good. However, some parents and students felt that it would be unfair for the intelligent and hardworking students. Sixty per cent parents and 70 per cent students welcomed it, while 30 per cent parents and 15 per cent students seemed to be against it. Some parents and students had their doubts and misgivings. They were worried about admission to Class XI and selection of stream and subjects. Since there would be no failures, all might be promoted to Class XI. Limiting grades to secondary level alone would serve no useful purpose. This grading system should be adopted at Senior Secondary level also and align with college education as well.

2.

WORKSHEET17
1. DECREASING NUMBER OF FEMALES IN DELHI The visual depicting the sex ratio of Delhi makes an interesting but disconcerting reading. The number of female children has drastically declined since 1991. As compared to 1000 boys the number of girl children was 867 in 1991. There was a sharp decline during the next decade and it reached the lowest margin of 809 per 1000 boys in 2001. The next five years (2002 to 2006) during the present millennium showed a marginal improvement in the ratio of girl child in the city. It rose from 809 to 831 in 2002 but fell down to 823 the next year and dipped to 822 in 2005. During 2006, the number showed healthy improvement and reached the stage of 831the same as in the year 2002. It is encouraging trend, but it is still well behind the level achieved in 1991. FLUCTUATION IN PROFITS The factory made a profit of Rs 15 crore in the first year itself, which rose to 20 crore during the next year. Increased incentive to labour in 2006 had a direct bearing on the profits which rose to 20 crore. The installation of new machines and award of higher bonus to workers had an immediate impact on profits, which rose to an all-time high of 35 crore. The year 2008 came as a shock as the profits dwindled to all-time low and stood at 10 crore. Falling exports as a result of worldwide recession are responsible for the decline. With the upswing in the domestic market, the factorys profit has risen to 15 crore and there is no reason to be gloomy.

2.

DIALOGUE WRITING
WORKSHEET18
1. (a) have any previous experience as teacher (c) are your hobbies 2. (i) (a) which course I should take (iii) (b) will be furious if I dont take commerce. (b) (d) (ii) (iv) do you love most are you staying now (d) I am here to ask your advice. (c) I expect I would fail miserably.

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1. (a) (c) 2. (a) (c) was your experience intend to study also from St Michaels are you doing (b) (d) (b) (d) felt very happy and excited studying together did you complete the/your have you been doing

WORKSHEET20
1. (a) (c) 2. (a) (c) can get a bus pass issued. shall I have to do next? going are you interested in (b) (d) (b) (d) is the process of it. has to be done? of books do they have they have enough books on science fiction

DESCRIPTION (People/Places/Events)
WORKSHEET21
1. ENGLISH WEEK CELEBRATIONS The Literary Club of Bal Vidya Bhavan observed an English Week from 16 to 22 November. It organised various interhouse contests like debates, declamation, poetry recitation, essay writing etc. in order to create interest in English among the students. Workshops were organised. Students interacted with their peers and teachers. Famous authors also delivered lectures. Attractive prizes were given to the best speakers/performers/writers. HOLI CELEBRATIONS IN OUR LOCALITY Holi is celebrated with great zeal in our locality. It is a festival of colours, joy and laughter. People rub gulal on the faces of one another. They also throw coloured water on one another. Those who avoid taking part in Holi celebrations are chased and given a dip in a tank full of coloured water. Well, even this is an excess. We must not throw colours on those who are reluctant or unwilling. Another evil has cropped in. People sometimes use chemically prepared colours, mud or even dung while playing Holi. All these cause allergies and other diseases. We must think of health and hygiene while giving expression to our joy and laughter. The best course is to celebrate Holi with natural colours which are not harmful to skin.

2.

WORKSHEET22
1. MEETING SUNEETA WILLIAMS Suneeta Williams, the renowned space walker of Indian origin visited our school today i.e. 15th January 20XX. She interacted with the students and was impressed by the affection Indians showered on her. She recounted her thrilling experience in space. She felt weightlessness and seemed to float in the air as there was no gravity. It was a fun. Her childhood dream had come true. She had made history and felt deeply excited as she landed on earth. The guest speaker was presented a memento. The meet came to an end with thanks. GRANDPARENTS DAY CELEBRATIONS The Cultural Club of Apex Model School celebrated Grandparents Day last week to pay respect to the elders. Students came to the auditorium with their grandparents. Schoolchildren welcomed them with flowers. Our Principal and members of the staff greeted them. Then the guests were requested to make speeches. A brief cultural programme was also held on this occasion. The celebrations created awareness about the need of love between the old and the new generations.

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WORKSHEET23
1. ANNUAL FUNCTION CELEBRATIONS The annual function of our school was held on Friday, the 5th December this year in the school auditorium. The stage was decorated. Extra sofasets were placed in the front rows near the stage. Separate enclosures were earmarked for guests, prize winners and general students. The Chief Guest was welcomed with flowers. Girls sang a welcome song. A brief but entertaining cultural programme was presented. All clapped when students received prizes from the Chief Guest. In his short speech the Chief Guest praised the efforts of the teachers and students and encouraged them to achieve more. The Principal then thanked all the guests. YOGA CAMP Sarvodaya Bal Mandir School, Gagan Vihar, Delhi organised a yoga camp in the school auditorium on March 20, 20XX. The camp was attended by more than 200 students of junior and senior wing. Yoga activities are a part of school curriculum. The students of different age groups presented yogasans and breathing exercises. Their skill was appreciated by all. Sh. Rajesh Sharma, an expert of yoga, delivered a lecture on the importance of yoga in our life and gave many tips to the students. He gave practical demonstrations of various yogasans and breathing exercises. He emphasised the importance of purity of food and meditation to develop peace and concentration. It was a very informative session for all.

2.

FORMAL/INFORMAL LETTER
WORKSHEET24
1. St Marys School Faridabad 8 July 20XX Dear Manisha I have just returned from an exciting trip to a remote corner of Sikkim. Our destination was Nathu La Pass, at a height of 14,500 feet. This is the land of living yaks and the legendary Yeti. Nathu La Pass is situated on the Indo-Tibetan border. It has been under the control of armed forces. It is however opened to domestic tourists in groups of 8 to 10. Our group was allowed to spend half an hour at the border. The entire Sherathang bowl is visible from the viewpoint. We could also see the Butan watershedsChumbi Valley, the Jelap-la-range and the Lungze ridge leading on Gangtok. I can never forget Yak ride at the Tsomgo Lake. A Yak is just like our buffalo. But whereas the buffalo always looks up, the Yak always looks down. In short, Nathu La, the Roof of Sikkim, presents a beauty of nature that is only to be experienced. Yours affectionately Akanksha Sharma 2. 1234 7th Cross Road Bengaluru (Karnataka) 25th Sept 20XX Dear Tanvi I am glad that you have secured the top rank in your class in the terminal tests. One thing, however, is the cause for concern. It is learnt that you have become a bookworm and remain confined to your room poring over the books all time.

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I would like to remind you the importance of fresh air and sunshine in our lives. Health and hygiene is supreme. You must remain fit and healthy even for studying. A healthy mind lives in a healthy body. You must refresh your mind by giving it a break after continuous studies of an hour or so. Even a brief diversion can recharge it. Participation in outdoor games and co-curricular activities can make you physically fit and emotionally stable. You must keep yourself free from tension and anxiety. Only a healthy person can enjoy life to the full. Do write back and look after yourself properly. Yours affectionately Tushar

WORKSHEET25
1. 1239 Vayu Vihar New Delhi 23 October 20XX The Editor The Viewpoint Chennai40 Dear Sir Recently you published an advertisement about MEDHA-07. It was claimed in the advertisement that it is a wonder drug and could help children to achieve all-round perfection. The user will become a super human with sharpened intellect, active memory, extraordinary brain power, strong bones and powerful muscles. Its user can enjoy full vitality of nerves, brain and heart. All this sounds quite attractive. But if one goes deeper and re-reads the advertisement, one notices many loopholes. For example, the advertisement is silent about the system of medicine on which the wonder drug is based. Secondly, there is no mention of the ingredients that it contains. There is no mention of certification or testing. It seems that some crafty persons are out to make a fast buck by playing on the psychology of harassed parents, who are anxious to see their children perform better. In my humble opinion giving such untested and uncertified drug to young children will be just inviting trouble. It may cause more complications than it may cure. I am surprised how such an advertisement could find space in your esteemed magazine. I appeal to you to get the drug tested in some renowned lab and if found ineffective/harmful, the results may be published for the enlightenment of parents and children. Yours faithfully S. Janaki 2. 356, F Block Rohini, New Delhi-110067 8 March 20XX The Editor The Times of India Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg New Delhi-110002 Sub: Invasion of alien culture on our moral and social values

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Sir The decision of the Union Cabinet to exclude cable TV from the purview of Indian Cinematograph Act, 1950 may help some vested interests but it is full of dangers for the common people. Since the cable TV operators have no obligation to seek licences, they are free to choose and relay the programmes they like most. In all probability they will try to switch over to unpaid or free channels instead of the paid ones. Most of these free channels depict programmes, films and fashions shows that are obscene, vulgar and violent and an alien culture with no concern for moral and social values. The youngsters of the socially highups are prone to overdoses of this imported alien culture. Other youth may copy them. Hence the government is requested to reconsider its decision. I hope your esteemed readers will appreciate my concern and join me in the protest. Yours truly Rohit Kumar

E-MAIL
WORKSHEET26
1. surekha@hotmail.com urvashi@yahoo.com Subject: Experience of floods Message I have just seen an old man being carried to safety from his house surrounded by floodwaters. It reminded me of my own experience of being caught in a flash flood. The flood rushed in unexpectedly. There was breach in river bank. Water drowned the crops in the fields and rushed into houses. My cot was swept away to the courtyard. Most of the domestic goods were destroyed. Grain was soiled. Huts and cattle were washed away. I felt sad and depressed. The darkness of night, failure of electricity and gushing waters of the flood dampened my spirits. I had to help my parents and neighbours. Other villagers were also victims of these floods. We, young boys, took initiative and carried women, children and old persons to the roofs of stone/brick built houses. We carried foodstuffs, milk and water there. Coconuts came handy. Luckily, the breach was filled the next day. The floodwater receded. We heaved a sigh of relief. What a harrowing experience we had! 2. sonali@hotmail.com shruti@rediffmail.com Subject: Garbage treatment Message Attending the Environment Protection Week was an eye-opener. It made us aware how to keep the environment neat and clean as well as how to turn garbage to gold. There would be no garbage heaps or landfills spoiling the beauty of landscape. A simple process, adopted at sourcei.e. in homes/offices/hotels/restaurants etc.can solve the problem. There is nothing extraordinary or innovative about it. We have to stick to basics. Two different dustbins have to be kept for collecting garbage. One of these is for bio-degradable waste and the other is for nonbiodegradable garbage. The biodegradable waste can be turned to manure and used for increasing the yield of fields. Various elements in non-biodegradable waste are separated and recycled. Thus treatment of garbage can produce healthy and encouraging results. 10 May 20XX 25 July 20XX

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DIARY ENTRY
WORKSHEET27
1. Friday 23 January 20XX During the winter break I got an opportunity to visit places of historical importance around Delhi. The tour conducted by our school was not only enjoyable but also an educative experience. We started sightseeing with the historical Red Fort. There were big gardens, court rooms and a mosque. A museum inside the fort gave us ample knowledge about the dresses and weapons of that era. Then we visited Qutub Minar situated at Mehrauli. It is built with red stone and has ruins of several historical buildings around it. The pillar made of eight metals is still rust-free. Early next morning we left for Agra. We visited the Taj. It is made of white marble. It was built by Emperor Shahjahan in memory of his queen. Agra used to be the capital of India in the Mughal period. We visited Red Fort at Agra, Akbars fort and Buland Darwaja at Fatehpur Sikri. A visit to Dayalbagh temple had filled us with the same deep delight that the visit to Laxmi Narayan temple had enthused in us at Delhi. I will certainly remember this historical tour for a long time. It has enlightened me about Indias cultural heritage which has been quite effectively depicted and preserved through our historical monuments. 2. Monday December 21 20XX Recently I visited the annual exhibition on Fashion Designing and Technology organised by the State Department at Meena Hall, Lucknow. I ventured into the hall by chance and not by design. However, the visit was an eye-opener. I was amazed at the grand success made by our country in the field of textile technology. The graphics indicated that India is one of the leading nations in exporting textiles and readymade garments. The latest spring, summer and fall fashions were on display. The technology and expertise was commendable. In the demonstration section, latest sewing machines stitched shirts in couple of minutes. There were many sophisticated machines for complicated designs and patterns. Tailoring had become an art. I felt bewildered and amused like Alice in Wonderland. I was glad that India had made a headway in the field of fashion designing and technology by storming the leading capitals abroad.

STORY WRITING
WORKSHEET28
1. THE WASPISH GONG A tiger once saw a hare sitting under a tree and asked what he was doing. Oh, answered the hare, I am keeping watch over my grandfathers gong. Where is the gong? asked the tiger. Up there, said the hare, pointing to a large round object hanging from one of the branches. If you like you may strike it to see how well it sounds. But let me go farther away, for the sound always brings tears to my eyes. The tiger said he would like to sound the gong, and the hare at once scampered off down the path. The tiger raised his paw and gave the gong a great blow, which shattered it. It was a wasps nest and not a gong at all. Hundreds of wasps at once settled on the tigers face and stung him with such violence that he nearly went out of his mind. The stings made brown marks on the tigers face, and to this day all tigers have those marks.

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2.

THE BLIND LADY AND THE GREEDY DOCTOR Once a rich lady, who lived in a spacious mansion, became blind. She called in an eye specialist, who promised to cure her within a fortnight. She agreed to pay a hefty fee for his services. The doctor operated upon her eyes and bandaged them. The doctor came everyday. He gave her some medicine, stayed there for some time and removed some furniture or valuable article. This went on for fourteen days. On the fifteenth day, the doctor removed her bandages and said, Now, you can see. Please pay my fees. The lady was cured. Her eyesight had been restored, but she was shocked to see that all the pieces of costly furniture were missing. She refused to pay the fees on the plea that she could not see her furniture in her room which meant that her eyesight had not been restored. The doctor filed a suit against her for not paying his fees. The court heard both the parties. On knowing the reality, the judge dismissed the doctors case. He was charged with theft and sentenced to prison for swindling and stealing.

ARTICLE WRITING
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1. IMPACT OF TV WATCHING ON READING Television has become the most popular source of entertainment these days. It is holding a vice-like grip on the imagination of the young children. They are more familiar with TV serials, their stars and intricacies of their respective plots. The greatest casualty is of course reading. The need is to promote reading habits among the students. They have to be weaned away from TV tactfully and gradually. A love for reading adventure stories, science-fiction, books of travel etc. has to be cultivated. Once the reading habit has been cultivated, the young children will certainly be eager to learn more. Childrens magazines and digests may help to develop and sustain their tastes. The parents must exercise restraint on themselves. The parents are their role-models. So the parents must sit and read, if they want their wards to develop reading habits. Once they begin, the children will follow suit. 2. IMPROVING THE CHAOTIC TRAFFIC CONDITIONS OF DELHI Delhi has one of the most complex traffic situations in the world. Bullock carts, tongas, cyclerickshaws and push carts vie with fast running cars and sometimes block the traffic for hours. Then there are three-wheelers which juxtapose anywhere and spring like mushrooms everywhere. The buses and trucks moving at an average speed of 40 km. per hour cause enough accidents as well as traffic blocks. The pedestrians are another source of chaotic traffic conditions in the capital. Delhi needs a metro rail system to reduce the traffic on city roads. This system should provide point-to-point service to commuters. It will help in reducing pollution and accidents in Delhi. The number of vehicles must be reduced for the betterment of the traffic system in Delhi. Car pooling is a good option which people should follow. Many countries have a rule that personal vehicles (cars) having even registration numbers are allowed to ply on particular days in a week while vehicles having odd numbers are allowed to come out on other days. This system may prove very helpful in Delhi too. Autorickshaws and cyclerickshaws are a big cause for traffic snarl-ups in certain parts of Delhi. The government should make separate tracks for these vehicles. VIP movement in the capital causes the biggest snarl-ups in our traffic system. The government should self-regulate itself. A one-way traffic system also reduces road accidents.

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SPEECH WRITING
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1. Respected Principal, teachers and dear friends! Good Morning! Today I would like to talk about a subject that we all do know but scarcely pay any heed to it. On the days of festivals most of us burst firecrackers, not realising the amount of pollution they cause. Thus we are ourselves degrading the environment by causing atmospheric pollution. The suspended particulate matter like nitrogen oxide and sulphur dioxide are added up when a cracker is burst. The increase in atmospheric pollution gives rise to respiratory problems like asthma and bronchitis. The cases of heart attacks and strokes multiply. The noise pollution created by bursting of crackers may cause deafness also. We may enjoy the bright light and the sound of explosion for a few seconds, but we ignore the permanent damage caused by bursting of crackers. Hence it becomes the duty of each one of us to keep our environment clean and refrain from bursting crackers. Let us put an end to this wasteful exercise of burning our hard-earned money. Thank you 2. Respected Principal, teachers and my dear friends! I am happy to note that our school is celebrating Save Electricity Week. Electricity, as you know plays a very important role in our life. It runs the machines in our factories, irrigates our fields by drawing water from the tubewells and runs various domestic appliances in addition to lighting our homes and streets. But electricity is an expendable item. Of late there is a tendency to consume more electricity than we are allotted. We have increased our dependence on electricity to such an extent that a breakdown in electric supply seems very troublesome. Who is to blame for these cuts and breakdowns? Evidently, the consumers themselves. People have a tendency to consume more electricity than their sanctioned load, be it industrial, agricultural or domestic consumption. This tendency has to be curbed as it results in frequent load-shedding and breakdowns. The production of electricity in our town depends on a thermal power station as well as a hydroelectric plant. The fluctuations in the production of electricity are caused by the shortage of supply of raw material such as coal or rain respectively. The authorities say that there is loss of electricity in transmission. Hence, we are not able to get proper amount. This leaves us with only two alternatives. Either increase production or save electricity. I think the latter is easier. Each one of us should consider saving electricity as his duty. Let us not consume it when we can do without it. Power thefts should be detected and severely dealt with. Genuine consumers should not be harassed. Thank you

DEBATE
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1. ENDS JUSTIFY THE MEANS Ends justify the means is a purely materialistic standpoint. It lays stress on the result, achievement or success. If the results are spectacular nobody bothers about the means

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employed to achieve itwhether the means are good or bad. Success speaks for itself and in the din of rejoicing even the unfair means adopted to achieve success are drowned. In this age of cut-throat competition, people have become result-oriented. They want success at any and every cost. It is the achievement and not the effort put in that counts. Nobody bothers about the moralistic standpoint. A moralist would advocate purity of means. He believes that if the means are good and pure, the ends will automatically be good and pure. Gandhiji believed in this principle. But morality is given a backseat nowadays. Hence in the modern world the ends have become all important and the achievement of objectives justifies the means employed. 2. TELEVISION WATCHING IS HAZARDOUS FOR KIDS (For the Motion) Television has become the most popular and the cheapest source of entertainment these days. Children have in fact become TV addicts. No doubt children are curious and fearless by nature. Of late a disturbing trend has been noticed. Children have become more aggressive and love to watch action films, stunts and movies full of violence and horrors. Such programmes enkindle in them the desire to be superman by undertaking misadventure. Some programmes exhibit formulae to disappear and wrapping others with a magic wand. The jumps from five-storey buildings into ocean or from the roof of one moving train to another are fairly common. Last month a few schoolchildren died while imitating these stunts, shown on television. The gory result was predictable. It is true that there is a warning at the beginning of such programmes. The only remedy lies in complete ban on such hazardous programmes as they fan and fire flames of violence in young minds. During the impressionable age the innocent children are moved by their inner urge to imitate their seniors and if possible, do better than them. Parents, society, film makers and exhibitors all must unite in order to save young children from violence and misadventure.

FORMATIVE ASSESSMENTS
DEVELOPING WRITING SKILLS
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1. Dear friends! The bursting of loud crackers on Diwali frightens the pets and the scared animals start behaving strangely. In order to check the consequent problems to the pet owners, it is advisable to follow the following guidelines. Bursting loud crackers is to be avoided near the pets. The radio/TV should be switched on to camouflage the noise of crackers. You can comfort your pet by staying close to it. If the pet is restless, give it sedatives to help it sleep. Smaller pets like birds and rabbits need extra care. They should be fed early and their cage should be covered with a dark cloth so that they sleep quietly. Cracker waste is to be disposed of carefully. It must be kept out of reach of animals. In case some pet is injured, it must be taken to a vet for immediate treatment. The pets give you love and affection. They demand care, compassion and love. TAKING CARE OF PETS ON DIWALI

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HOW I TOOK CARE OF MY PET ON THIS DIWALI I have a pet rabbit. It is quite puny and gets scared easily. This Diwali I had to take special care to assist my pet against the loud sound of cracker burst. First of all I put it in a cardboard box with sufficient soft green grass and a bowl of water. I fed it quite early and made it sleep before the boys in adjacent lane started exploding crackers. I took another precaution. I covered the box with a dark cloth so that the sleep of Puny was not disturbed. In the morning, I swept the cracker waste in the courtyard, lawn and on the road opposite our house. I packed it in a bag and kept it in the bin meant for non-biodegradable waste. PROJECTS 1. Develop the following value points: plight of stray animalsscarcity of food, shelterdeprive of love and careweak, ill, broken legs sufficient fundsman powerorganisation needed offer of physical help/voluntary service 2. For self-attempt. 3. For self-attempt.

GROUP DISCUSSION
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1. TV WATCHING CAN BE HARMFUL FOR STUDENTS For the motion In my opinion, TV viewing has really harmed the children. Excess of TV viewing causes physical, emotional and intellectual setbacks. Due to weak eyesight, many children have to wear spectacles. They find it difficult to study or do homework as TV leaves no time for either of these. The students tend to develop anxiety, tension and fear. Some of them begin telling lies or playing truants to cover their inability. Children have an impressionable mind. They catch wrong impressions/habits quite easily. TV programmes present a make-believe world which is entirely different from the real world. Life is not so easy as depicted on the screen. Confrontation with real life causes frustration and disillusionment. The most harmful effect of TV viewing is the exposure of young minds to violence. It harms proper human development. We find many adolescent youths taking to crimes, forgeries and dacoities following what they see on screen. I, therefore, wholeheartedly support the motion. Against the motion My knowledgeable friend has given weighty arguments to prove that TV viewing is really harmful for children. TV viewing may harm the eyesight, but only if it is watched in a wrong way. If TV is viewed at a proper distance and in sufficient light, it has no adverse effect on the eyesight. Secondly, TV viewing does not disturb the homework. The time allotted to TV viewing and the selection of programmes should be given proper care. TV programmes can provide knowledge, entertainment and inspiration. Young children can be helped to think freely. Their latent faculties can be developed.

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Thirdly, TV viewing provides a wholesome educative entertainment. It widens the faculties of understanding, fellow feeling, cooperation and mutual love. Violence is not depicted every time on TV. It is the environment at home and in society which is responsible for spreading violence and social evils. So why blame TV. I, therefore, oppose the motion. I assert that TV viewing is not at all harmful. 2. Develop the following value points: As a showpiecestatus symbolimpressing peers by flaunting itdistraction in class diverts attentiondisturbs peace and concentrationshifts focus of users from studies to entertainmentreactionmisuse by studentsSMSMMSgames etc.

BUDDING ARTISTS AND POETS

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1. For self-attempt. 2. ONE CANNOT PLEASE ALL Once there was a farmer. He had a donkey. He wanted to go to the town. His son also insisted on going with him. Perhaps he wanted to see the town. Maybe he was more interested in having a ride on the donkey. The farmer sat on the donkey and asked his son to follow him. They came to a well. Some women were drawing water. One of them said, Look at that heartless man. How smugly he sits on the back of the donkey and makes the young boy run after him. Others also criticised the man. The farmer felt small. He got down and asked his son to get on the horseback. The son enjoyed riding, so he kicked the donkey. The donkey began to run. The farmer had to run harder. Soon he was breathless. They came across a group of men. One of them said, How ungrateful that boy is! He is making his old father run hard. He might faint and fall. Others also called him shameproof and heartless. The son now asked his father to get on the back of the donkey. The two had gone only a little farther when they came across some young children. One of them shouted, Look! Two donkeys are riding a donkey! Wont they kill it? Dont they have any pity? To please them both of them got off the donkey. They found a bamboo. They tied the legs of the donkey and carried it on their shoulders. They were crossing a bridge. The sound of the horn of a truck frightened the donkey. It brayed and twisted its body. It fell into the river and was drowned. The farmer and his son were left helpless. They failed to please any one.

FIND THE SOLUTION

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1. Solution will depend on responses to questions that follow the conversation. One such solution is given below. Asha will embrace Vibhuti and try to calm her down. She knows full well that force doesnt work in such circumstances. Reasons have no appeal when one feels emotionally hurt. Gifts and sweets may soften a kid but not a youngster in teens. Hence the only solution is emotional approach. She should behave like a friend or a sister and persuade her gradually.

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2. ...if she would accompany her to school in the evening. Asha consulted her engagement diary and exclaimed that she had an important meeting of Ladies Club the next day followed by dinner. Vibhuti told her mother that her presence was so inspiring for her. She pleaded/asked if she couldnt postpone her meeting for once. Very affectionately Asha told her to be reasonable. She explained that she was the chairperson. If she didnt go, there would be a mess. Vibhuti suggested that she could ring some of her close friends and brief them on the points she wanted to be sorted out. Asha yielded a little and said that she had a point there, but...Vibhuti cut short her reasoning by saying that she should not make any lame excuses then. She reminded her that last year too neither she nor (her) daddy had come to her school. She said that other students had been escorted by their parents, so even their rank bad performances had been applauded. Since no one had clapped for her, she felt as if she had been an orphan. Asha exclaimed with regret that she was sorry. She promised that next time she would certainly... . This infuriated Vibhuti who exclaimed that there would be no next time. For her it was now or never. 3. I was in Class X. My First Semester Exam was to begin the next day. The first paper was of Maths. I dreaded studying Maths. Preparation for the examination put me at my wits ends. I kept staring at the syllabus and the ceiling. I found myself completely at sea. Now I remembered my parents advice. They had told me to read carefully, study solved examples and attempt the practice questions. In case I felt any difficulty, I could consult them or my classmates or teacher. I felt shy of doing so. The result was that my problems and ignorance kept on compounding and here I wasa completely lost person. My mother was the first one to realise my predicament. She soothed my fears and asked me to have courage. Then came my father. He was sweeter than ever. He advised me to forget my fear of Maths. Perhaps the dislike for it was the root cause. He advised me to go through the solved examples and learn to proceed stepwise. He kept sitting there. I did as he told me. Now I found the subject easy and interesting. Next day, I did well in my exam.

QUIZ, WRITE-UP
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1. (a) (iii) Sharad Purnima (c) (i) Karva Chauth (e) (iii) winter (g) (i) spring (b) (ii) (d) (ii) (f) (ii) (h) (iii) Durga Puja Lord Krishna peak universal brotherhood and love

2. Most of the Indian festivals are connected with either the seasons or important personalities. The seasonal festivals remind us of the march of nature. The Hindu New Year begins with the Chaitra (spring) Navaratra. Then comes Baisakhi when wheat ripens in northern India and the farmers celebrate it as a festival of joy and fulfilment. Rakhi and Bhai Duj strengthen the bond of love between brother and sister. Dussehra marks the victory of good over evil. Diwali, the festival of lights, teaches us to dispel ignorance (and darkness) by the light of knowledge. The other festivals such as Ramnavami, Krishna Janamashtami, Buddha Jayanti or Guru Nanak Day remind us of the ideals and teachings of these great spiritual leaders. 3. In our area the festivals of Guga Peer, Bhairon and Sheetla Mata are celebrated by the people of all religions. Guga is worshipped after Janamashthami while Bhairon is worshipped after spring Navaratras. The offerings are simpleparched rice/gram and jaggery. Sheetla Mata is worshipped on Mondays/Tuesdays after the spring Navaratras. It is said that the intensity of

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dedication and not the richness of offerings is the criterion for blessings. The devotees lead simple, pure and dedicated lives. They believe in love, fellow feeling, cooperation and help.

CONVERSATION
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1.1 (a) Polluted water is killing more people globally than all forms of violence, including war and terror. (b) Children are the worst sufferers. More than 3 million people die across the world every year due to waterborne disease. 1.2 millions of them are children. One child dies every 20 seconds. (c) Waste water is likely to be one of the biggest dangers to environment. Waste water is a cocktail of fertiliser run off and sewage disposal. (d) Only 30 per cent waste water is treated in India. It has a child malnourishment rate of 46 per cent. Drinking water in one-third of Indias 600 districts has a high flouride content. The result is that 65 million people are suffering from flurosis. This causes crippling problems. (e) More than one lakh people die of waterborne diseases in India every year. (f) Two million tonnes of water is spilled into sewage system everyday. It generates two billion litres of polluted water everyday. (g) These districts do not have a system of early detection of ill-effects of contaminated water. By the time the disease is detected, it is too late for cure. (h) World population is likely to double in next 40 years. (i) Things are changing at a slow pace. (j) It is about one billion tonnes. ACTIVITY Hints use the format of speech make the introduction interesting develop the tips given make the conclusion of your speech convincing

DEVELOPING LISTENING SKILLS

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1. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. oasis (c) scorchingly A camel ride the camel and their riders quenched their thirst here after difficult journey in dry desert. Through the travellers. (d) the various havelis Patwon ki Haveli. sand dunes True False

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2. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

To clean up city before the Commonwealth Games. Professionals, students, activists and employees of corporate houses. A video on YouTube about Estonia50,000 citizens cleaned up the city in a single day. For three hours. They filled 4,000 garbage bags with litter and garbage.

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GRAMMAR

SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENTS
FILLING BLANKS WITH SUITABLE WORDS
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1. 2. 3. 4. (a) (a) (a) (a) (h) 3. the (b) 2. that (c) 3. fairly (d) 2. by (e) 1. benefit (f) 4. of 4. have (b) 3. to (c) 3. in (d) 2. was (e) 3. from (f) 2. his 3. tallest (b) 1. explain (c) 2. its (d) 2. that (e) 3. much (f) 3. had (b) 2. among (c) 1. when (d) 4. came (e) 2. and 3. though (g) 3. by (h) 3. considered (g) 2. that (h) 1. and 2. to (g) 3. the (h) 3. on (f) 4. crawling (g) 1. to

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1. 2. 3. 4. (a) (a) (a) (a) (h) 4. covered (b) 3. had (c) 2. and (d) 2. out (e) 1. breathe (f) 4. were (g) 4. their (h) 2. you 3. from (b) 2. her (c) 4. highlighted (d) 2. on (e) 3. examining (f) 1. in (g) 4. told (h) 3. for 3. dried (b) 2. and (c) 2. have (d) 2. falling (e) 4. shortage (f) 1. for (g) 3. a (h) 2. is 3. on (b) 4. and (c) 2. through (d) 1. which (e) 4. from (f) 3. when (g) 1. their 2. like

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1. 2. 3. 4. (a) (a) (a) (a) 3. who (b) 4. think (c) 1. like (d) 3. for (e) 2. each (f) 1. for (g) 2. so (h) 4. these 4. and (b) 3. in (c) 2. during (d) 1. can (e) 2. a (f) 3. when (g) 4. hearing (h) 1. about 2. in (b) 3. as (c) 4. by (d) 1. and (e) 3. on (f) 3. the (g) 2. are (h) 1. each 3. finding (b) 4. in (c) 1. after (d) 2. weighing (e) 3. the (f) 3. because (g) 4. who (h) 1. by

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1. 2. 3. 4. (a) (a) (a) (a) (g) 3. may (b) 4. before (c) 1. will (d) 2. or (e) 2. been (f) 3. that (g) 1. can (h) 4. as 4. at (b) 1. of (c) 3. which (d) 2. at (e) 2. seen (f) 4. with (g) 3. than (h) 1. the 4. called (b) 3. who (c) 2. had (d) 3. The (e) 4. it (f) 2. to (g) 3. after (h) 1. trained 1. congratulate (b) 4. passing (c) 2. glad (d) 3. over (e) 3. succeeds (f) 2. for 4. has (h) 1. intends

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1. (a) 4. would (b) 2. an (c) 3. into (d) 1. was (e) 4. had (f) 3. on (g) 1. a (h) 2. my 2. (a) 1. mention (b) 2. your (c) 4. climbing (d) 3. into (e) 2. throw (f) 3. on (g) 4. reporting (h) 1. repeat 3. (a) 4. declining (b) 3. in (c) 1. of (d) 2. most (e) 3. larger (f) 4. because (g) 2. requires (h) 3. acknowledged 4. (a) 4. opacity (b) 3. medical (c) 4. formation (d) 2. an (e) 3. are (f) 2. and (g) 1. like (h) 4. in

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USING NOTES TO COMPLETE PARAGRAPHS

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1. (a) (c) 2. (a) (c) 3. (a) (c) (d) 3. 2. 2. 4. 1. 1. 4. was lashed by steady heavy rain (b) water had rushed inside their homes (d) are evacuating (b) is forcing (d) was celebrated (b) was accorded a warm welcome on his arrival Prizes were given away by 4. 1. 3. 1. 3. streets were flooded terribly there was no road, rail or air traffic is built to leave ahead of who was the Chief Guest

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1. (a) (c) 2. (a) (c) 3. (a) (c) 3. 4. 3. 1. 2. 4. has grown fast who had migrated from Pakistan was a German by admirer of Indian culture discovery of paper was made by is derived from the word papyrus (b) (d) (b) (d) (b) (d) 1. 2. 4. 2. 3. 3. have worked hard attracts industrialists acquired British citizenship translation of many Sanskrit was made of stalks of tall restriction was imposed

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1. (a) (c) 2. (a) (b) (c) 3. (a) (c) 3. 2. 4. 2. 3. 3. 2. was built (b) 4. was revived fame as (d) 1. are organised has a small build and long arms but no tail birth it is licking dew or rain (d) 4. maintaining territory is a living memorial to (b) 4. have been learnt continue (d) 3. were crippled

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1. (a) (c) 2. (a) (c) 3. (a) (c) 2. 4. 4. 2. 4. 2. were attacked than 5000 people died was conducted was organised by when I stopped at a red light drove onto a footpath (b) (d) (b) (d) (b) (d) 3. 2. 3. 4. 3. 1. towers collapsed were the two suicide bombers who are studying to help the students to choose get controlled who were killed

DIALOGUE COMPLETION
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1. (a) (c) 2. (a) (c) 4. Will you like to join us 3. When is she coming 3. Could you give me some information 1. You will have to fill up an application form (b) (d) (b) (d) 1. Why is it not possible 2. I will miss you 4. How can I help you 2. Do you have your ID Card

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3. (a) (c) 4. (a) (c)

4. 1. 2. 3.

Did you sleep well Did you watch the Grand Finale Could I speak to Vartica, please Why didnt you inform me earlier

(b) (d) (b) (d)

3. 2. 4. 4.

How did you manage to keep cool How sad I missed it! Do you think you can I will try my best

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1. (a) (c) 2. (a) (c) 3. (a) (c) 4. (a) (c) 3. What do you think about 4. How many marks did you get 4. Where are you going 2. have you not been invited 2. Can I have an appointment with 3. you tell him that I had called 4. I will be able to find you 2. I can still bite you (b) (d) (b) (d) (b) (d) (b) (d) 1. Who is the best teacher 2. How did your teacher react 3. Has Renu invited many people 4. Will you also forget to invite me 4. so that he can start the treatment 4. to bring all the reports with you 3. I switch off the light 4. How will you bite me

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1. (a) (c) 2. (a) (c) 3. (a) (c) 4. (a) (c) 4. Who will be elected 2. what he would do 3. Do you attend dance classes 2. From which film was it 4. Have you got admission 3. How will you spend this fortnight 4. Where are you coming from 1. What has happened to her (b) (d) (b) (d) (b) (d) (b) (d) 1. that they will vote 3. that he would promote 4. Did you like this dance 3. Have you seen it 2. When does the course begin 4. Where is your Business School located 3. Why did you go there 2. When did it happen

SENTENCE REORDERING
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1. (a) (b) (c) (d) But sadly this mother of all instruments has no takers today. There are few exponents to whom the rare students can turn to. It is not even a subsidiary subject in university curricula. So we have buried the instrument even before it is born.

2. (a) Prolonged high blood-pressure is the main cause of paralytic attack. (b) People affected with a paralytic stroke can communicate either with limbs, tongue, lips and vocal cords. (c) Some can even blink their eyes to answer. (d) But in a few even a small gesture is impossible due to extensive damage to the voluntary nervous system. 3. (a) The method allows officials to detect bacteria with a hand-held device. (b) The technique is based on naturally occuring bacteria killers known as bacteriophages. (c) The extracts of an enzyme produced by bacteriophages have been shown to destroy anthrax that has become resistant to antibiotics. (d) In a few years this technique may help fight infections difficult to treat. 4. (a) It must be practised everyday. (c) Take exercise daily and avoid diseases. (b) It activates both mind and body. (d) Only a healthy person can really enjoy life.

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1. (a) (b) (c) (d) 2. (a) (b) (c) (d) Just use this brand and you can gorge on sweets to your hearts content. As it guards you with its protective ring no harm will be done. Another advertisement claims that its unique action can whiten teeth. Specialists actually warn that the whitener may be harmful. My parents left me with her when they went to live in the city. She used to wake me up in the morning. She said her morning prayers in a monotonous sing song. I listened because I loved her voice.

3. (a) Vendors carrying sweet smelling flowers were at the platform to board the train to Surat. (b) We wondered how they would get on the train without crushing the delicate flowers. (c) The flower vendors jumped off the platform to the other side of the rails just before the train arrived on the platform. (d) As the train pulled into the station the flower bags were quickly fastened to the window rods. 4. (a) In Africa and America advertising aiming at children below 12 years of age is not permitted. (b) Doordarshans code bans advertisements that endanger the safety of children. (c) Advertisements which make children feel inferior if they do not use the product are also banned. (d) Dangerous stunts must carry a warning advising watchers not to copy them.

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1. (a) (b) (c) (d) 2. (a) (b) (c) (d) 3. (a) (b) (c) (d) 4. (a) (b) (c) (d) They are closely related to pipits. Its bill is needle like and the feet are well developed with long toes. There are about eight species of wagtails. They constantly wag their tails up and down as they move in search of food. They are usually situated in a secluded and elevated place where the chicks would be safe. The parents pick up the young ones on their way from food hunting. The parent cackles at the top of its voice and the child responds to it. The furlike feathers of penguins help them live on the icy shores of Antarctica and nearby islands. Bats, one of the worlds most misunderstood creatures, are wonderful, unique and diverse. There are about 1000 kinds of bats that account for nearly one quarter of the worlds mammal population. They are found in virtually every country and inhabit every continent except Antarctica. They are the only mammals that can fly. The Secretary Bird is widely regarded as a beneficial species. Its crest of long plumes suggest a bunch of quill pens stuck behind the ear. Well-known as a snake-killer, the Secretary Bird also preys on other reptiles and large insects. The Secretary Bird is protected by game laws wherever they exist in Africa.

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1. (a) (b) (c) (d) Fasting also removes poisons from the body. Take liquids every four hours during the fast. Juice of lemons, grapes and oranges is recommended during the fast. Your doctor may also recommend vegetable soup.

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2. (a) (b) (c) (d) 3. (a) (b) (c) (d) 4. (a) (b) (c) (d)

The silvery-green olive trees frightened her. They swayed like dark ghostly dancers in the wind and in the rain. Her father told her that those trees were planted by their ancestors. Her father explained that the familys vast lands of olive trees had shrunk to one square kilometer. According to Einsteins theory of relativity light bends under the influence of a massive body. His prediction was put to test during the total solar eclipse of 1919. One was least likely to observe sunspots because this was a total solar eclipse. The deflection of surface light was also predicted by Einstein. It is cultivated in 96 countries around the world. It was first grown in Africa about 5000 years ago. Some researchers say that it was grown in India at the same time. It was used by the travellers when they travelled across a desert.

EDITING-DETECTING & CORRECTING ERRORS

WORKSHEET55
1. (a) tell told (b) has had (c) Arab Arabs (d) on at (g) most quite (h) or and 2. (a) (h) 3. (a) 4. (a) (g) (e) he they (f) Laugh Laughing

lose lost (b) and but (c) waits wait (d) one ones (e) doesnt dont (f) A An (g) on in using use and or (b) over in (c) dated dating (d) the a (e) has have (f) of in (g) on in (h) are is on to (b) or and (c) has have (d) before ago (e) remain remains (f) find found clue clues (h) on during

WORKSHEET56
1. (a) (f) 2. (a) (f) 3. (a) (f) 4. (a) (g) more most (b) a the (c) stands stand (d) great greatness (e) have has attracted attracts (g) which who (h) in of maintaining maintain (b) among between (c) of for (d) or and (e) its its were was (g) an the (h) the an some a (b) say says (c) causing cause (d) damage damaging (e) systems system patch patches (g) excess excessive (h) pigment pigmentation for in (b) by over (c) in to (d) arrives arrived (e) reach reached (f) quiet quite tiring tired (h) attend attention

WORKSHEET57
1. (a) (g) 2. (a) (f) 3. (a) (g) 4. (a) (g) animal animals (b) welcome welcomes (c) for to (d) on in (e) took take (f) a the them themselves (h) are is since for (b) wanted want (c) temple temples (d) very some (e) their its hundred hundreds (g) at of (h) to for a the (b) the that (c) on with (d) Touch Touching (e) where which (f) helped help to and (h) they you huge human (b) sweep sweeps (c) is are (d) a an (e) catch catches (f) move moves These This (h) in of

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WORKSHEET58
1. (a) command commanding (b) dwelt dwelling (c) outweighs outweigh (d) much more (e) which those (f) from of (g) radiating radiation (h) one ones 2. (a) at of (b) his her (c) while when (d) suffer suffers (e) for from (f) getting get (g) but and (h) been being 3. (a) infecting infected (b) cant can (c) who that (f) or and (g) by from (h) from with (d) calling called (e) do does

4. (a) into to (b) us our (c) those that (d) many more (e) at of (f ) at in (g) performing performance (h) which who

OMISSION: SUPPLYING MISSING WORD

WORKSHEET59
1. (a) shouted for help (b) passing by jumped (c) As the man (d) boy stopped him (e) him the reason (f) boy thanked him (g) that when you (h) your life was 2. (a) U.K. on May (b) third of eleven (c) Arthur was sent (d) school in Lancashire (e) excelled in cricket (f) gift as a (g) storyteller by inventing (h) tales to entertain 3. (a) labour or any (b) which didnt come (c) and that he (d) own or within (e) held to be (f) There was hardly (g) he didnt influence (h) according to his 4. (a) attacks on the (b) Pentagon in Washington (c) began to be (d) man behind the (e) President declared him (f) as though a (g) denied any involvement (h) praised those who

WORKSHEET60
1. (a) known as vital (b) these vital places (c) planes when they (d) come forward to (e) fly into the (f) destroy the enemys (g) has a few (h) left for attack 2. (a) of the worlds (b) among the biggest (c) scientists do not (d) exactly where in (e) they have not (f) alive. The scientists (g) mostly in the (h) 200-700m below sea-level 3. (a) degree of erudition (b) devoted to the (c) knowledge and truth (d) bring out and (e) of all true (f) faith in the (g) himself has never (h) dignity and with 4. (a) drinks has recommended (b) as a health (c) misled the nation (d) advertisements that their (e) safe and pesticide-free (f) government should set (g) product but also (h) reportedly been advised

WORKSHEET61
1. (a) morning. They stopped (b) near the dam (c) in the rest (d) there were several (e) boys and girls (f) water was flowing (g) They saw the (h) there was lightning 2. (a) forgotten the Tomb (b) time who was (c) Built in 1547 (d) stands as a (e) Aliyazi, a nobleman (f) at the court (g) of his efforts (h) Islamshah could retain 3. (a) electron has a (b) charge. When the (c) room to light (d) flow every second (e) source of electricity (f) has a negative (g) electrons leave the (h) terminal to complete 4. (a) not do it (b) judged by the (c) writers capability is (d) the opinion of (e) typists skill is (f) accuracy of his (g) by the degree (h) and not by

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WORKSHEET62
1. (a) attraction for the (b) pattern as that (c) situated in the (d) of the lush (e) imparts an added (f) magazines and journals (g) library is becoming (h) hundreds of tourists 2. (a) north and the (b) aircraft for navigation (c) who go for (d) have a small (e) pivoted and floated (f) needle so that (g) in a compass (h) between the angles 3. (a) wilderness which had (b) me from the (c) knocked on the (d) like this I (e) over a year (f) Mrs Broadwith who looked (g) animals but my (h) I would go 4. (a) him if he (b) began to weep (c) too was moved (d) father had expired (e) join his last (f) him a few (g) my own experience (h) endure what we

COMPLETING PASSAGES (using Reported Speech)

WORKSHEET63
1. (a) (b) (c) (d) 2. (a) (b) (c) (d) 3. (a) (b) (c) (d) 4. (a) (b) (c) (d) he had spent time on that homework assignment and it really showed thanked his teacher if/whether she meant it was that good that it was covered with stains from a whole evenings worth of snacks why she looked so worried that she had not prepared well for her exams there would be no question from MCB looked fully relieved and thanked her that he was going to fly out to Arizona to visit his sister Martha he would be finding a lot of faults with him to just buy a one-way ticket Harry would be glad to pay his way back why he was late he had missed the school bus his mother was ill and she had been hospitalised the previous day she might get well soon

WORKSHEET64
1. (a) if anything was missing (c) which one was it 2. (a) (b) (c) (d) 3. (a) (b) (c) (d) (b) he had stolen one of their blankets (d) it was the one they had taken

whether he could have an appointment with the doctor that evening apologised saying that there was a long waiting list he would have to wait for at least two weeks there was no problem, if his wife informed him, she could cancel the appointment if he had seen Venus transiting the Sun the previous day it had been a sight no living human had seen he had been too busy looking out for another sight what that was (b) whether she had completed her home work (d) why she was so anxious to go

4. (a) if she might go to visit her friend Veena (c) she would complete it after she returned

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WORKSHEET65
1. (a) (b) (c) (d) 2. (a) (b) (c) (d) 3. (a) (b) (c) (d) 4. (a) (b) (c) (d) he wanted a balloon which he could release into the air asked him which colour he wanted enquired which balloon could take him up that it was not the colour of the balloon but the matter inside which made it go up if he knew how to play cricket that he had never had a chance to learn it that every student had to learn it in that school to give him a chance and he would learn it wanted to know why they were asking money it was because they were poor if they could give the fruits they had bought they would give them money to buy whatever they chose had exceeded the speed limit she was late for work him to let her go that time she had to report to the police station only tomorrow

WORKSHEET66
1. (a) what he was doing (c) that was wonderful 2. (a) to give him some grain (c) why he had not stored 3. (a) (b) (c) (d) 4. (a) (b) (c) (d) (b) that he was tuning his radio (d) if they could use the radio (b) when she had collected the corn (d) what he had been doing

he had invited four of his friends for dinner that day would be a good idea what they should have for dinner that they should decide the menu then whether she had talked to Dr Barnard said that she had, but it was important for him to rest if it was one or two wanted to know if it was

COMPLETING NEWS REPORTS (by using Headlines)

WORKSHEET67
1. (a) were killed (c) was doused with kerosene 2. (a) has been undergoing/serving (c) were suspended 3. (a) is facing (c) was damaged 4. (a) were awarded (c) was killed ... were injured/hurt (b) was grilled (d) were inducted (b) has been banned (d) has been found (b) has finally hit (d) was questioned (b) was unearthed (d) was released on bail

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WORKSHEET68
1. (a) was detained (c) has been nominated 2. (a) who died (c) have resorted to flushing 3. (a) has been killed (c) is being transferred 4. (a) were injured (c) were settled (b) was robbed of ` 1 lakh (d) were killed (b) were arrested (d) exchanged (b) were killed (d) has banned (b) has forced (d) has decided

WORKSHEET69
1. (a) was averted/prevented (c) has issued 2. (a) begins ... will be (c) has been reconstituted 3. (a) has ordered (c) were injured 4. (a) have seized (c) has been filed (b) will be conducted (d) was killed (b) has been made available (d) has killed (b) escaped unhurt in an accident (d) was getting threats/has been getting threats (b) was shot dead (d) has decided to observe

WORKSHEET70
1. (a) has been banned/is banned (c) has/have launched a drive against 2. (a) had been blocked (c) has increased 3. (a) shook (c) was killed 4. (a) were honoured (c) has held up ... to operate (b) persons were killed in an accident (d) has already claimed the lives of (b) calling on President (d) has been awarded (b) has been elected (d) escaped (b) has been completely wiped out (d) was sacked

SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION
WORKSHEET71
1. 1. 2. 3. 4. 2. 1. 2. 3. 4. (d) (c) (b) (c) (a) (c) (b) (d) He called upon God to witness that he had not abused him. He swore (by God) that he had not seen it (that). The peon asked the officer respectfully if he might go out. He said that I neednt wait. Priya is not so tall as Madhu. No one has come to see you. No one wants to be a traitor. I am responsible for what I do.

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FORMATIVE ASSESSMENTS
VERB FORMS
WORKSHEET72
1. (a) is (d) gets 2. (a) has acquired (d) is 3. (a) (iii) waiting (d) (ii) looked 4. (a) (ii) saw (d) (ii) fell (b) are (e) wants (b) fills (e) blare (b) (iv) standing (e) (iii) saw (b) (i) striking (e) (i) gathered (c) take (f) becomes (c) add (f) impairs (c) (iii) was (f) (i) hear (c) (iii) coming (f) (iii) took

SENTENCE STRUCTURE
WORKSHEET73
1. (a) (b) (c) (d) 2. (a) (b) (c) (d) 3. (a) (b) (c) (d) 4. (a) (b) (c) (d) Divya had upset the old man with her remarks. A student treats work as his duty. Examinations are a challenge to the students. Trees help us in many ways. A strong breeze was blowing through the fir-trees. A good student takes part in all the student activities of the school. Students work till late at night for the preparation of the examination. Trees give us oxygen and food. Young animals cannot take care of themselves. An ideal student is quite regular and punctual. Examinations test the ability of students. She went to the temple to offer her prayers. 2. 4. 3. 2. Did you sleep well last night? Are the joints aching as well? roll up your shirt sleeve, please? only measure your blood pressure

CONNECTORS
WORKSHEET74
1. (a) but 2. (a) but 3. (a) (iii) as (b) When (b) and (b) (iii) so (c) which (c) and (c) (ii) as (d) and (d) yet (d) (ii) But (e) so (e) but (e) (ii) As (f) who (f) and (f) (iii) and

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DETERMINERS
WORKSHEET75
1. 2. 3. 4. (a) (a) (a) (a) The other an (i) a (b) (b) (b) (b) X some the (ii) your (c) (c) (c) (c) many the a (ii) the (d) (d) (d) (d) the a many (i) the (e) (e) (e) (e) the the the (i) a (f) (f) (f) (f) the the an (iii) the

PRONOUNS
WORKSHEET76
1. 2. 3. 4. (a) (a) (a) (a) he my my (ii) your (b) (b) (b) (b) himself who mine (iv) which (c) (c) (c) (c) I he Some (i) This (d) (d) (d) (d) my us their (i) which (e) (e) (e) (e) one one myself (iii) They (f) (f) (f) (f) we Some who (ii) some

PREPOSITIONS
WORKSHEET77
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) to since for (ii) for (iii) to (b) (b) (b) (b) (b) at in for (iii) for (i) in (c) (c) (c) (c) (c) in of of (i) in (iii) of (d) (d) (d) (d) (d) for in to (ii) at (i) of (e) (e) (e) (e) (e) of of to (ii) into (i) for (f) (f) (f) (f) (f) to at of (iii) on (iii) in

CLAUSES
WORKSHEET78
1. (a) if (b) when (c) unless 2. (a) which (b) who (c) which 3. (a) 3. when we are going (c) 4. What you say 4. (a) 3. how I can prepare it (c) 4. when you are going to prepare it (d) as (e) although (f) so that (d) why (e) which (f) that (b) 2. where we can relax and enjoy (b) 2. what type you want to prepare

MODALS
WORKSHEET79
1. 2. 3. 4. (a) (a) (a) (a) should can must can (b) (b) (b) (b) could must Will would (c) (c) (c) (c) must should must could (d) (d) (d) (d) will must will can (e) (e) (e) (e) should can should could (f) (f) (f) (f) will must should need

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PASSIVE VOICE
WORKSHEET80
1. (a) 4. were given (b) 3. were counted 2. (a) 3. was hit (b) 4. was taken 3. 1. (d) will be replaced 2. (b) are suspected (c) 3. was handed over (c) 1. was operated 3. (c) were attacked 4. (a) was found

NARRATION
WORKSHEET81
1. (a) 4. what she would like to have (c) 3. which saree she liked (b) 2. that she wanted a saree (d) 4. to give her a plain cotton

2. (a) 4. how he was getting on with his studies (b) 2. that he was doing fine (c) 3. how many students there were (d) 1. had to admit that there were 3. (a) 3. how he was feeling then (c) 3. that it had been a very sound sleep (b) 4. if he had slept well the previous night (d) 2. to take the yellow tablet

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LITERATURE

SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENTS
TWO GENTLEMEN OF VERONA (Fiction)
WORKSHEET82
1. 1. (d) appearance and behaviour 2. (c) had a manly seriousness 3. (b) guileless or innocent 2. (a) Luigi, the driver, was very cautious. He shrugged his shoulders to convey his disapproval of their shabby appearance. He didnt approve of the two boys because they were untidy and poorly dressed. (b) The narrator and his companion noticed that the two boys were quite useful to them. They were always busy in doing one thing or the other. Their willingness to work impressed the narrator and his companion. (c) The boys are self-respecting. They never talk of their plans or problems to anyone. They work hard to earn enough money to pay for their sisters stay in the hospital. (d) The brothers went to Poleta every Sunday. They hired cycles and cycled 60 kilometres. Riding in a car could be easy and save money. But Nicola was self-respecting and hardworking. He did not want a stranger to become involved with their plans. 3. LESSONS OF LOVE, FAITH & TRUST The two boys, Nicola and Jacopo were quite rich earlier. War brought a series of tragedies in their lives. They face their sudden poverty bravely. They strive in every possible manner to overcome their difficulties. Instead of breaking down under the difficulties, they try their best to overcome them. They love their sister deeply and go through a lot of trouble so she could stay in the hospital for treatment. They work from morning till late out in night at different kinds of work. They eat little. Their meal is usually black bread and figs. All the money they earn is paid to the hospital for the treatment of their sister afflicted with tuberculosis. Through their hard life, selfless action and devotion to their cause they succeed in accomplishing an almost impossible task. Their deep faith and trust in God and humanity help them to remain cheerful even in adverse circumstances. Though young in age, they are mature enough in mind to discharge their responsibilities perfectly well. They are self respecting and do not talk of their problems to everyone they meet. In short, the sacrifice of the boys, their sincerity and the devotion to their cause, their love for their sister and the optimism born of truth and faith in humanity are noble lessons for all of us to follow.

WORKSHEET83
1. 1. Through the glass partition, the narrator saw the two boys talking to their sister. Her eyes were soft and tender. The narrator was a stranger. He did not want to intrude upon this happy family party. 2. The boys did not tell the narrator why they visited that place and whom they wanted to see. They kept it a secret. The narrator learnt about it from the nurse. He did not speak to the boys because he thought they would prefer to feel they had safely kept their secret.

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3. The narrator was impressed by the selfless action, love for sister and devotion to her. He praised them for their struggle against odds and fighting spirit. They brought a new nobility to human life. 2. (a) On the first day the author saw the two boys selling fruit. The next morning he saw them polishing shoes. The author was surprised because he thought that the two brothers sold fruit. (b) The boys were quite useful to the author. They helped him get American cigarettes. They also helped him to buy tickets for the opera. Moreover, they helped him to choose good Italian restaurants. (c) The boys were waiting for the last bus from Padra to come to Verona. They hoped to sell all their newspapers to the passengers. It shows that they are hardworking. They were also able to bear hardships. (d) The boys are self respecting. They never complain. Nor do they talk of their problems. They work hard to earn money to enable their sister to stay in hospital for treatment. Love guides and inspires them. 3. Sunday 16 Jan 20XX, 6 p.m. Once again Nicola and Jacopo covered the distance of 30 kilometres and came all the way from Verona to this tiny village, Poleta. The village is set high upon the hillside and I am lodged in a large red-roofed villa, which has been turned into a hospital. I have been confined to bed for the last twelve months. It is said that I have been suffering from tuberculosis of the spine. The doctors and nurses are very kind. They tell me that I have made good progress. They are hopeful that one day I would be able to walk and sing again. Well, that reminds me of the years before the war. We led a comfortable and cultured life then. Our small family comprised my father, my two brothers and myself. My father was a wellknown singer. I had been training as a singer. The war came as a bolt from the blue. Our father was killed in the early part of the war. Shortly afterward a bomb had destroyed our home and threw usthree children into the streets. We suffered horribly from near starvation and exposure to the cold winter. For months we had barely kept ourselves alive in a sort of shelter we built with our own hands amidst the rubble. Then the Germans ruled the city for three years. Nicola and Jacopo joined the resistance movement and I was left alone. When the war was over they returned and brought me here. They persuaded the hospital authorities to admit me. They promised to pay the fee weekly. We are living through hard times. Everything is so difficult. Food is scarce and so is work. But my younger brothers work hard and manage to make the weekly payment. Their weekly visit every Sunday fills me with fresh hope. Their love and devotion rejuvenates my sagging spirit and aching bones. I earnestly pray to God to bless me with a speedy recovery so that I may be able to walk and sing again. Thus their selfless actions will be suitable rewarded.

WORKSHEET84
1. 1. (d) the narrator himself 2. (c) he did not want to intrude into their privacy 3. (a) he thought the boys would prefer to keep their secret 2. (a) The narrator had seen Nicola and Jacopo work very hard from morning till late in the night. He observed that they must be earning quite a lot. They did not spend much on their food or clothes. He concluded that they must be saving a lot. He asked Nicola what he did with all the money. Since Nicola did not want to share the secret, he felt embarrassed and grew pale. (b) The narrator suggested that Nicola must be saving money to emigrate to America. Nicola agreed but added that at present they had other plans. He did not elaborate because he preferred to keep their mission a secret. Their plan was to get their sister cured of tuberculosis. He smiled uncomfortably without divulging the secret.

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(c) Yes, I think the boys looked after Lucia willingly. They loved their sister very much. They returned to her when the resistance movement was over. They carried her to hospital and persuaded the authorities to keep her there. They worked hard and never complained of tiredness. Their love and devotion was voluntary, not forced. (d) Nicola and Jacopo were young boys of 13 and 12 respectively. They chose a hard life so that they could pay for the treatment of their sister afflicted with tuberculosis. The sacrifice of the boys, their sincerity and devotion to the cause is noteworthy. They display a maturity in their actions. Their behaviour promises a hope for society. 3. Thursday 20 March 20XX, 8 p.m. I couldnt help shedding tears as I went through the story Two Gentlemen of Verona. It revived old memories, scars and pain. I know that I cant be reunited with my children in this life, so I will try my best to improve the lot of these three homeless orphans. I will try to shower all motherly affection and discharge duties and responsibilities that only a mother feels towards her children. As the first step, I would bring them to my home. I would send the boys to good school, where they get proper education. I hope that the boys have a bright future. They already have many splendid qualities. A good education would help them to be more independent. I will look after the girl till she recovers fully. Then Ill arrange for speech therapy and training in music for her. I hope the children will cooperate with me and help me implement the plans I have envisaged for their betterment. There is lurking doubt. Probably the boys wouldnt like to be adopted by an unknown person and they might refuse monetary help as they are so self-respecting. Well, Ill have to be tactful and win their love and confidence by introducing myself as a distant cousin of their dear departed father.

FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT
UNDERSTANDING THE TEXT: Two Gentlemen of Verona (Fiction)
WORKSHEET85
1. (a)

(b) Yes, a gentleman has consideration for others and their feelings. He is kind, considerate and polite. He would not speak a word or do anything that might hurt the feelings of others. 2. The story is about two gentlemen of Verona. Their qualities are highlighted by their actions as well as reactions to adverse circumstances. The gentlemen here are two young boys. Though young in years, they have ample maturity to realise their responsibility and work hard with full devotion and dedication.

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3. (a) The narrator had seen the two boys selling fruit. Next morning, he saw them polishing shoes. Then Nicola explained that they did many things like shining shoes, selling fruit, hawking newspapers, conducting tourists round the town and running errands. He glanced at the narrator and his friend hopefully as he expected to get some work from them. (b) The narrator had seen Nicola and Jacopo doing different things. They worked hard from morning till late at night. He observed that they must be earning a lot. Since they did not spend much on food or clothes, they must be saving a lot. He asked Nicola what he did with all the money. Nicola did not want to share the secret. He felt shy and then embarrassed. So he grew pale. (c) Nicola did not want a stranger to become involved with their plans. So he smiled uncomfortably. He answered gently in a low voice that these were mere plans. He did not disclose the plan to pay the hospital for the treatment of his sister. (d) Nicola and Jacopo were very young boys. They were aged 13 and 12 respectively. They were shabbily dressed, but their behaviour was excellent. They had attained maturity well before attaining youth. They performed their responsibility with the seriousness of a grown up person. 4. The boys were shabbily dressed. One boy had put on an old and damaged jersey and cut-off khaki pants. The other was wearing a shortened army tunic gathered in loose folds. They had tangled hair and brown skins. But their eyes were dark and earnest. Later on the narrator discovered that the boys were hardworking, self-respecting, clever and brave. They loved their sister deeply and went through a lot of trouble so that she could stay in the hospital for treatment. They were homeless and had to be out even during very cold winter months. War did not break their spirits. They were able to bear hardships. They cycled sixty kilometres on hired bicycles to go and meet their sister every Sunday. They were perfect gentlemen. They did not seek money help or donation from strangers. Nor did they reveal their plans to them. They suffered patiently but never complained.

SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENTS
MRS PACKLETIDES TIGER (Fiction)
WORKSHEET86
1. 1. (c) to surpass Loona Bimberton 2. (d) a mighty hunter 3. (b) Mrs Packletide wanted to counter Loona Bimbertons boast 2. (a) Mrs Packletides friend Loona Bimberton had enjoyed a ride in an aeroplane. In those days it was quite risky. Mrs Packletide wanted to prove that she was more adventurous than Loona. So she wished to kill a tiger. (b) Mrs Packletide was jealous of her friend, Loona Bimberton. She wanted to impress her. The party would be supposedly in honour of Loona. But she would show the tiger skin to her friends. She would talk about it. She also intended to give Loona a tiger-claw brooch on her birthday. (c) Mrs Packletide offered a sum of one thousand rupees to the villagers for arranging a tiger for her to shoot. This was a big amount. The villagers decided to arrange a tiger for her. They chose an old and weak tiger. It was too weak to hunt wild animals. It had to satisfy its hunger by killing only small animals.

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(d) The tiger was very old. The villagers feared that the tiger might go away to another jungle. Children were given the duty of keeping a watch to check the tiger from leaving that jungle. Cheaper kind of goats were left behind so that the tiger could eat them and remain satisfied. Mothers hushed their singing while passing through the jungle. They did not want to disturb the sleep of the respectable old tiger. 3. Friday 18 March 20XX, 9.30 p.m. More than twenty years have elapsed since I undertook that ambitious tiger-hunt in a remote Indian village. At that time I was young, ambitious and swayed by emotions rather than reason. My jealously of Loona Bimbertons adventurous feat led me to plan the tiger hunt in order to get more publicity as a great adventurous person. The circumstances seemed favourable. The villagers were lured by the offer of one thousand rupees. They arranged a weak and old tiger for me to shoot. A high platform was built and a goat was tied at a safe distance. My paid-companion, Miss Louisa Mebbin sat with me on the machaan. With guns in hand, we waited for the tiger. As soon as I saw the tiger, I fired a shot. The tiger fell down to one side. Louisa Mebbin noticed that my shot had killed the goat and not the tiger. The big beast had died of heart failure. Both Louisa Mebbin and the villagers cheated me. The villagers shouted with joy at my success in killing the tiger. They welcomed the happy news with the beating of drums as they were anxious to get the money. Louisa Mebbin went a step further. She cunningly hinted to me that Loona Bimberton would be very happy if she came to know the truth about the shooting of the tiger. It was a clear hint to me that she might tell the truth to Loona Bimberton and get money for the information. Then she talked of a certain weekend cottage she wanted to buy, but had no money. I did not want to be a laughing stock and could not bear that Loona should know the truth. So I had to pay her six hundred and eighty pounds to keep her mouth shut. Thus the tiger-hunt proved a costly affair. Now I can rebuke myself and regret for my foolish whims.

WORKSHEET87
1. 1. (c) she wanted to shoot a tiger without much exertion or risk 2. (d) the most liked meeting place of tiger having glorious past 3. (b) it was old and weak 2. (a) Miss Louisa Meebin was the paid companion of Mrs Packletide. She was neither sincere nor devoted to Mrs Packletide. She has a keen eyesight. She is money-minded. She remarks that it neednt pay for the goat if the tiger doesnt touch it. She noticed that Mrs Packletides shot has missed the tiger. She had hit the goat. She told this to Mrs Packletide. Later on she blackmailed her because of this discovery. (b) Mrs Packletide wasnt a good shooter. She had an accurately sighted rifle in hand. Mrs Packletide fired a shot. The tiger jumped to one side, rolled and died. It died of heart failure caused by the loud noise of the rifle. Her shot had killed the goat, not the tiger. It shows that her aim was quite poor. (c) Louisa Mebbin commented that the goat was dying as the bullet had hit it. Her shot had missed the tiger. Miss Mebbin was cunning and money-minded. She pointed out a fact. It could spoil the fun and charm of tiger shooting. Mrs Packletide was rightly annoyed at this discovery. (d) The villagers felt very excited. They had swarmed on to the scene. Their shouting speedily carried the glad news to the village. They thumped an tom-toms and sang together of the triumph. The villagers were greedy. They were anxious to get their thousand rupees. So they gladly connived at the fiction that Mrs Packletide had shot the tiger.

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3. Monday 6 March 20XX, 10 p.m. How strange are the quirks of fortune! Till a fortnight ago I was a darling among my friends at the Ladies Club. I was hailed as a great adventurous lady who had risked her life in boarding a flight manned by an Algerian pilot. During those days I talked of nothing else. The wheels of fortune moved and took a complete turn. My friend, Mrs Packletide went to Indian forests and shot a tiger. She gained instant fame as a tiger-hunter. Her pictures with the dead tiger at her feet appeared in various newspapers and magazines. Two favourites of the fashionable society The Texas Weekly Snapshot and the illustrated Monday supplement of The Novoe Vremya are said to be full of her pictured fame. My heart burnt with dislike and jealousy of Mrs Packletide. I was so much annoyed that I refused to look at an illustrated paper for weeks. To add insult to injury, she invited me to a luncheon party. It was supposed to honour my feat. But I know my friend inside out. She would spread the tiger-skin rug in the foreground and most of the conversation would centre around it. I declined the invitation to the luncheon party as I couldnt repress my emotions any further. To rub in her point she offered to present me a tiger-skin claw brooch on my next birthday. I felt really annoyed and upset. The hurt and insult was more than if she had slapped me on the face publicly. Somehow, I managed to control myself and wrote her a polite letter of thanks for the gift. My repressed emotions, however, were apparent through my words.

WORKSHEET88
1. 1. Louisa Mebbin drew attention to the fact that the tiger had not been hit by Mrs Packletides bullet. The goat was in death-pain from a mortal bullet wound. 2. The beast of prey, i.e. the tiger died of heart failure caused by the sudden loud noise of the rifle. His death was made more speedy by decay due to old age. 3. Mrs Packletide was visibly annoyed at the discovery that she had hit the wrong animal. 2. (a) Yes, I think Mrs Packletide was able to achieve her hearts desire. She wanted to outshine Loona Bimberton. Her pictured fame as a tiger-hunter impressed the fashionable circle of the society. Since all her motives were largely governed by dislike of Loona Bimberton, she must have rejoiced at her own triumph and the discomfiture of her rival in fame. (b) Miss Mebbin managed to get her week-end cottage by blackmailing Mrs Packletide. She hinted that she wanted to buy a cottage but had no money. Since Miss Mebbin was able to get the cottage due to the old tiger, she planted many tiger-lilies in her garden. (c) The tiger shooting organized by the villagers was a mock-serious affair. They were interested only in getting one thousand rupees promised to them for a tiger hunt without much risk or exertion. They chose a weak and old tiger. They posted boys on duty lest it should not wander away to another forest. Goats of cheap variety were thrown to satisfy its hunger. Their only worry was that the tiger might not die before the day fixed for tiger-hunt. (d) Viewed in the light of the above remark, Mrs Packletide is certainly vain. She plans the tiger-hunt and luncheon-party to establish her superiority over her friend, Loona Bimberton. She incurs a lot of expenditure in her tiger hunt. She has to buy a cottage for her paid companion to keep her mouth shut. She satisfies her vanity but pays a high price for it. 3. Monday 7 March 20XX, 9.30 p.m. Another busy week-end is over and with it have departed a host of admiring friends. All of them are inquisitive as to how I manage to keep a pretty week-end cottage. Revealing the secret to them may perhaps lower my prestige in their eyes. They may consider me mean, moneyminded and miserly. They might call me shrewd and stingy. But I have to keep body and soul together and thrive at the cost of others if chance permits me.

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Well, it seems fortune smiled on me when Mrs Packletide chose me as her paid companion for the tiger hunt. I did not like to waste money on giving tips to bearers in hotels. I disliked the idea of spending one thousand rupees for an old and weak tiger. I told Mrs Packletide clearly that she ought to get the tiger cheaper since it was old. During the hunt, I sat on the platform with Mrs Packletide. We played patience and waited for the tiger. I did only that much for which I was paid. My keen power of observation opened the knot of the bundle of riches. I told Mrs Packletide that her shot had missed the tiger and killed the goat. She remarked that no one would believe it. I played on her vanity and said that Loona Bimberton would. She would feel amused to know the truth. Mrs Packletide did not want to be a laughing stock in the fashionable society. Well, some person may call me a blackmailer, but I only extracted from her the sum needed to buy this cottage. The rich lady is generous enough and knows that Ill keep my mouth shut as long as she helps me with money to maintain the cottage and its garden. May God send me another cash rich but vain and ambitious employer soon!

FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT
DISCUSSION: Mrs Packletides Tiger (Fiction)
WORKSHEET89
1. 1.

2. (a) She wanted to kill a tiger to outshine Loona Bimberton. (b) She was a rich lady eager for fame in her social circle. Her vanity prompted her to go to any length to prove her superiority. (c) The tone of the storywriter is mocking or sarcastic. (d) She was partly successful. She got the publicity but she had to spend a lot. Moreover, she got credit for killing the tiger which actually she hadnt. (e) The story is about the vanity, ego and competitiveness of the idle rich fashionable ladies. 3. Mrs Packletide (i) competitive (ii) manipulative (iii) vain Louisa Mebbin (i) materialistic (ii) stingy (iii) shrewd (iv) cunning Loona Bimberton (i) jealous (ii) spiteful

WORKSHEET90
1. (a) Mrs Packletide wanted to shoot a tiger. (b) Mrs Packletide had planned a luncheon party. Outwardly it would be in honour of Loona Bimberton. Actually she would talk about tiger hunt and display tiger skin.

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(c) Mothers took special care not to disturb the sleep of the old tiger. They stopped singing as they passed through the forest. (d) Louisa Mebbin was money-minded and never wasted money. She was very careful in spending money. (e) It was clear that the wrong animal had been hit. The tiger had died of heart failure caused by old age and loud noise of the rifle. (f) Loona Bimberton did not even look at the pictures in newspapers for weeks. Her letter of thanks was quite curt, brief and formal. 2. Yes, the writer is trying to make fun of the main characters in the story. There are numerous instances in the text that point to this fact. Some of them are listed below: Mrs Packletide wanted to shoot a tiger. Her movements and motives were largely governed by dislike of Loona Bimberton. She thought of tiger hunt to outshine the adventurous feat of Loona Bimberton. She planned a lunch party to honour Loona. Her actual motive was to boast of her own adventure. She paid a lot of money to the villagers and Miss Mebbin. She did not want the truth of her tiger-hunt to become known. Loona Bimberton is equally vain, jealous and boastful. She takes pride of her adventurous journey in an aeroplane. The distance covered is too smallonly eleven miles. She is so jealous of Mrs Packletide that she refuses to look at illustrated newspapers and magazines. Miss Mebbin is a typical companion. She does not work a bit more than she is paid for. She is shrewd, stingy, cunning, moneyminded and selfish. She blackmails Mrs Packletide to buy a cottage for her. She names it Les Fauves or The Wild Beasts and plants tiger lillies to show the connection of the cottage with the tiger-hunt.

SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENTS
THE LETTER (Fiction)
WORKSHEET91
1. 1. (c) Post Office 2. (a) joy 3. (c) is filled with joy

2. (a) The author builds up an atmosphere of extreme cold and chill step by step. He portrays the old man drawing his tattered clothes tighter to shield his body from the cold and biting wind. In the early morning people were still asleep on account of intense winter cold. The cold became more intense when the old man came out of the towngate and took a straight road. (b) He heard the sounds of grinding mills from houses women were singing in sweet voices at their work. Occasionally a dog would bark or the distant steps of a workman going early to work would disturb the peace. Sometimes the screech of a bird was heard. These were the only sounds heard in the morning while the town was wrapped in deathly silence. (c) As soon as the old man beheld the wooden arch of the handsome building of the newest style, he was filled with joy and excitement. He was happy like the pilgrim who is pleased when he first sees the goal of his journey. For the old man the post office had become his pilgrimage and he visited it with faith and hope every morning. (d) As soon as Ali heard his name called, he felt electrified. He got up from his seat. Then he raised his eyes to heaven in gratitude. After that he would step forward and put his hands to the door. He would tell Gokul Bhai, the clerk, that he had come for his letter in response to the call made.

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3. Friday 10 May 20XX Today, of course, I cant contain myself. I got the shock of my life when I visited Rajapur yesterday. I enquired about our old comrade Coachman Ali, the famous hunter. I was shocked to see an old man doubled with age. His frail body was wrapped in tattered cloak. I took courage and confronted him. What Ali told me was simply unbelievable. But such is the nature of human heart. It craves for love and affection. It yearns more when it is deprived of them. Well! Ali had only one child, Miriam. She married a soldier and went to his regiment in Punjab. Thus poor Ali was left alone. Love for daughter made the grief of separation more intense. For the last five years he has been waiting for a letter from her. Rain or sunshine he goes to the post office everyday. He has firm faith that one day he will get a letter from Miriam. People at post office consider him mad and make fun of him. Like a devout worshipper he visits the post office, the place of his pilgrimage. He has passed many anxious nights waiting for the letter. He has grown quite week and has to walk with the help of a stick.

WORKSHEET92
1. 1. (b) Ali to the Postmaster 2. (d) when I am dead 3. (d) to write his address

2. (a) The old man lived alone. He woke up at 4 a.m. and started walking to the post office all alone. He reached there at 5 a.m. No one else was on the road at this time. He went into the veranda of post office building and sat by himself at a particular seat in a particular corner of the building. (b) Darkness of early morning, intense cold or fast blowing wind did not dissuade Ali from undertaking his journey to the post office. He had followed this routine for the last five years no matter what the weather was. He went to the post office with the hope that he would get a letter from his only child Miriam and this would comfort his lonely heart. (c) On reaching the arch with the board Post Office the old man went in quietly and squatted on the veranda. He would listen to the voices of the post office workers busy in their routine work. He did not make any enquiry or disturb them but wait patiently and hopefully for his name to be called. (d) Two traits distinguished Ali as a clever Shikari. First, he had a keen eyesight. His power of observation helped him to sight an earth-brown partridge, almost invisible to other eyes. His sharp eyes saw the hare crouching even when the dogs failed to see the cunning creature hidden there. Secondly, Ali was a good shot. When he saw a bird or animal, the prey was as good as in his bag. 3. Tuesday 25 February 20XX What a troublesome day it was yesterday. I had been waiting anxiously for news of my daughter who lay ill at Lucknow. I saw an envelope of the colour and shape I expected to receive. I snatched it up eagerly, but the next moment I dropped it as if it had given me an electric shock. The letter was addressed to coachman Ali. I was worried all night, as I did not receive my letter. A single night in suspense filled me with sympathy for the poor old man who had been waiting anxiously for a letter for the last five years. At the stroke of five I heard a soft knock on the door. Feeling sure that it was Ali, I rose quickly from the chair and flung the door wide open. Ali was standing outside. He was leaning on a stick, bent double with age. Tears were wet on his face. His eyes had an unearthly light. I shrank back in fear and astonishment.

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Soon Lakshmi Das came towards the office from another quarter. I took no notice of him but kept staring with wide open eyes at the doorway from which Ali had disappeared. I was surprised to learn from Lakshmi Das that Ali had died three months ago I was bewildered. I listened to Lakshmi Dass recital of the last interview he had with Ali. I was perplexed. Had I really seen Ali or had my imagination deceived me. I suffered the pangs of anxiety and separation yet again as I didnt receive any letter from home today. In the evening I, accompanied by Lakshmi Das, visited Alis grave and laid the letter on it. For the first time in my life I realised what anxiety and pangs of separation mean to a father I kept reproaching myself for my failure to understand Alis anxiety. I was tortured by doubt and remorse, but I sat down by the charcoal sigri to wait for another night. O how long and tiresome must have been Alis waiting!

WORKSHEET93
1. 1. (c) Alis five guineas 2. (a) will be dead 3. (b) get Miriams letter

2. (a) Ali would walk to the post office each morning. He would reach there at 5 a.m. and always occupied a particular seat in a particular corner of the building. People laughed at him as he waited for a letter which never came. The postmen began to make a fun of him. They would call out his name for the fun of seeing him jump up and come to the door. Thus he was a familiar figure at the post office. (b) The author uses the literary device of a simile to bring out clearly Alis love for hunting. It was an addiction for him. As an opium eater cant pass a day without opium, similarly Ali couldnt live without hunting. When Alis eyes would catch sight of the hairs ears, it was dead the next moment. As he sighted the partridge it was as good as in his bag. (c) Coachman Ali realised this truth of human existence during his loneliness. Miriam, his only child left him alone after her marriage to a soldier. Ali the hunter was overtaken by loneliness. He forgot hunting and reflected deeply. He came to the conclusion that the whole universe is built up through love and that the grief of separation is inescapable. (d) Although it was an uninteresting building, the post office became a place of pilgrimage for coachman Ali. He would come there every morning with a devout certainty. Guided by faith and love he would wait patiently for his turn to receive the letter. Ali would salute the post office as though it housed some precious relic. In short, he revered it as a holy place. 3. This morning I was the first to come to the post office at 5 oclock in the morning. I saw that the postmaster had flung the door wide open. He cried come in, brother Ali and tried to hand him a letter. I found no one there so I asked him who that person had been and if that was old Ali. The postmaster took no notice of my searching questions. He was staring with wide-open eyes at the doorway. He was wondering where Ali could have gone. Then he admitted that he had been speaking to Ali. I told him that old Ali was dead and asked him to give me that letter. He did feel convinced. A postman who had just arrived confirmed that Ali had died three months ago. The postmaster was bewildered. Miriams letter was still lying near the door. Alis image was still before his eyes. Then I narrated to him the last interview I had with old Ali. The postmaster was still unconvinced. He could not doubt the reality of the knock on the door and tears in Alis. He was perplexedwhether he had really seen Ali or his imagination had deceived him. Finally, I used my trump card to convince him, I asked him to accompany me to Alis grave and let me perform my duty and fulfil my promise to deliver his letter to his grave. Perhaps this argument convinced him that Ali could not have come there.

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FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT
UNDERSTANDING THE TEXT: The Letter (Fiction)
WORKSHEET94
1. Loneliness Grief

An old man was walking through the town, now and again drawing his tattered clothes tighter to shield his body from the cold and biting wind
Ali went off, a pitiable figure, a century behind his time Ali was never seen again No one troubled to enquire after him

the whole town was wrapped in deathly silence

his eyes were filled up with tears of helplessness Today is my last day; my very last alas! There were tears in Alis eyes

2. (a) Ali was an old man. He was known as coachman Ali. Every day he would go to the post office at 5 a.m. He was the first to reach there. He sat on a bench and waited for a letter. He had followed this practice for the last five years. (b) Ali faced the cold and biting wind of cold morning. He drew his tattered clothes tighter to shield his body. He walked when the whole town was asleep. His faith and love warmed him to bear the bitter cold. He sat patiently on a bench outside the post office and waited for a letter to arrive from his only child Miriam who had left him five years ago. His actions display the qualities of faith, love and patience. (c) A change came in Alis life when his only child Miriam got married and left him alone. She went off with her husband to his regiment in the Punjab. Now he understood the meaning of love and separation. He could no longer feel pleased or laugh at the bewildered terror of young partridges bereft of their parents. Ali gave up hunting. (d) A pest is a troublesome or destructive thing, animal etc. Here the word is used in a derogatory sense. The postmaster considers old Ali a troublesome person, as he disturbs them constantly with his enquiry regarding his letter. We do not agree with the statement of the postmaster. The postmaster fails to understand the anxiety, love and hope of the old man. 3. Phrase/Sentence ...happy memories light up a life that is nearing its close. ...the sounds helped him along his lonely way. ...the cold used sleep to extend its sway over all things even as a false friend lulls his chosen victim with caressing smiles. Meaning

Happy memories of the past fill the sad life of an old man with brightness and joy.
The sweet sounds inspired him to face the odds. A false friend makes a show of love by close embraces and caressing smiles and lulls him. Similarly the cold used sleep to overpower all persons.

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...when the evening of his life was drawing in, he left his old ways and suddenly took a new turn. ...that the whole universe is built up through love and that the grief of separation is inescapable. ...the postmaster, a man with a face as sad and as inexpressive as a pumpkin, would be seen sitting on his chair inside. The haughty temper of the official had quite left him in his sorrow and anxiety, and had laid bare his human heart.

As he was getting older, he gave up his old ways of violence and changed to peace, love and affection. Love is the basis of life. Separation brings grief but it is a fact of life and one should accept it. The postmaster was insensitive and lacked sympathy or understanding. His sad and feelingless face showed his physical presence. Anxiety, suspense and sorrow of separation had filled the postmasters heart with sympathy. Suffering mellowed him. He gave up his haughtiness.

SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENTS
THE FROG AND THE NIGHTINGALE (Poem)
WORKSHEET95
1. 1. (c) unpleasant, harsh and rough 2. (a) hate 3. (d) a very loud and unpleasant noise

2. (a) The frog used to croak all night from his hole under the sumac tree. The frog considered himself the master musician of that area and sang from dusk to dawn for self-satisfaction and self-expression. (b) They used the words Bravo! Too Divine! and Encore! All these exclamations show that the creatures were enraptured. They cheered the song of the nightingale and requested her for more singing. (c) By calling the frog a solitary loon, the poet isolates it as the only creature who behaves strangely towards the sweet song of the nightingale. He is growing sarcastic towards the frog. (d) The frog introduced himself as the master of the sumac tree. He said that he was famous for his baritone and was also music critic of Bog Trumpet magazine. 3. The poem begins like a fairy tale. It contains the familiar opening Once upon a time.... Given the hypothesis of ancient times when birds could talk like human beings, we suspend our disbelief and accept the fable as a likely or real story. Thus the opening at once sets the tone and tempo of the poem. Since the Frog is the first component of the title, the poet introduces it in the very first line and thus imparts it prominence. The poet uses rhyme to create a musical effect. He even distorts words to make them rhyme. For example, on has been misspelt and mispronounced so that it rhymes with dawn. In the text we find it as awn and it has been repeated three times in one line to create the effect of monotony.

WORKSHEET96
1. 1. (c) the nightingales sweet song 2. (c) song of the nightingale 3. (c) all the creatures admired nightingales song

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2. (a) The nightingale is competent, skilful and intelligent but nervous and shy. The frog is incompetent, rough and coarse but patronizing and authoritative. (b) The frog is referred to as heartless because he was really cruel in his attitude and treatment of the nightingale. He was regardless of her feelings, made her sing day and night and led her to death. (c) It is because he has reviewed her song and given his considered opinion as profoundly as the great Austrian composer, Mozart. (d) The frog is haughty, boastful, arrogant and presumptuous. He cant brook a rival and tries to eliminate the nightingale by his cunning and crafty ways. He dupes the nightingale and the other birds and makes money. The frog is thus cunning, crafty and stone-hearted. 3. The nightingale felt that though her song was not divine, it was at least original. This according to the frog was not much to boast about. The frog added that without proper training she would remain a mere beginner. He boasted about his mastery in music and offered to train her. He promised that she would be a sure winner after practising with him. He added that he would charge a modest fee. The frog was really cruel in his attitude and treatment of the nightingale. He was regardless of her feelings. He had no feeling of sympathy or any emotion for the nightingale. The timid nightingale was highly impressed by the boastful and authoritative frog. It is ironic that a creature with no musical attainments trains a sweet song bird like the nightingale.

WORKSHEET97
1. 1. (d) the nightingale 2. (a) politely 3. (b) boast about his musical talent 2. (a) The nightingale asked the frog whether he liked her song. He remarked that it was not too bad. He pointed out its drawback saying that it was far too long. He further added that the technique was fine but it lacked force. The nightingale felt flattered and impressed that a critic of such renown had discussed her art and throat. The nightingale had admitted that the song was her own, though it was not divine. This shows that she lacks confidence. She does not know the high quality of her song. The nightingale is competent, skilful and intelligent but she is nervous and shy. The frog is incompetent, rough and coarse but patronizing and authoritative. The nightingales acceptance of the Frogs opinions and her eagerness to be tutored by the frog shows that incompetent, rough and coarse people rule the competent, skilful and intelligent ones. (b) Next night, the nightingale prepared herself to sing. She shook her head, twitched her tail, closed an eye and fluffed a wing. Then she cleared her throat to sing. Just then she heard the croaking of a frog. The nightingale very politely asked the frog if it was he who had spoken. The frog then came forward and introduced himself as the master of the sumac tree. He said that he was famous for his baritone and was also the music critic of Bog Trumpet magazine. The behaviour of the nightingale and the frog offer a study in contrast. The nighingale behaves very politely and respectfully towards the frog whereas the latters attitude towards her was cold, authoritative and imposing. This represents the eternal conflict between the artistthe creator and the criticthe dissector and destroyer.

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WORKSHEET98
1. 1. (d) she is unduly impressed by him 2. (c) his greed and cunningness 3. (a) disappointment

2. (a) The frog and the nightingale practised singing different notes and pitches at a fast speed. As a result of the long practice, the nightingales voice became hoarse and shaky and she was thoroughly exhausted. (b) Lack of rest and excessive singing subdued the nightingale. The unrestrained applause by the appreciative audience and the nightingales enthusiasm to please them revived her throat at night. (c) Her song has been called tired because it no longer had any melody and freshness about it. It was worn out and monotonous. It did not inspire any more and failed to attract the audience. (d) He uses this expression as he feels that she does not use her brains while singing. As the income from the concerts dips sharply the frog loses his temper and lashes out on the poor bird. 3. The frog was far too cunning for the timid, nervous and shy nightingale. He volunteered to train the nightingale to become a singing star. The nightingale was impressed and called him a Mozart in disguise who had come in a new form to assess her song. Mozart was a great musician. He was a renowned Austrian composer and singer. The nightingale uses this title for the frog out of humility. She feels obliged that the great critic had reviewed her song and given his considered opinion as profoundly as the great Austrian composer, Mozart. To the polite, humble, timid and modest nightingale, this is like a fairy tale. However, it shows the Frogs cunning and deceitful nature. He cant brook a rival and tries to eliminate the nightingale by his cunning and crafty ways. Such a haughty, boastful, arrogant and presumptuous person does not deserve to be called a Mozart.

FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT
GROUP DISCUSSION: The Frog and the Nightingale (Poem)
WORKSHEET99
1. (a) The frog was angry because the nightingale was earning less money. (b) Yes, I think the nightingale was truly brainless. There are many reasons. First, she couldnt see through the trick of the frog who offered to train her. Secondly, she didnt know her real worth. Thirdly, she couldnt see through the treachery of the frog who made her sing non-stop. Fourthly, she couldnt understand the frogs hint when he said that she owed him sixty shillings. (c) The nightingale died of over-exertion, so the frog became the unrivalled king of the bog once again. 2. The words are: Croaked, cacophony, blared out, minstrelled, melody, serenaded, baritone, twittering, trills, zipped, bounced, foghorn. These could be grouped according to their qualitiessweet/unpleasant or attractive/repulsive. (a) croaked, cacophony, blared out, baritone, bounced, foghornunpleasant/repulsive (b) minstrelled, melody, serenadedsweet/attractive (c) twittering, trills, zippedneither sweet nor repulsive.

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3. The required answer is given under the heading personality features. Extract Nightingale : Sorrywas that you who spoke? Frog : Yes, ...you see, Im the frog who owns this tree. In this bog Ive long been known For my splendid baritone. : Not too badbut far too long The technique was fine, of course, But it lacked a certain force. : Without proper training such as IAnd few otherscan supply, Youll remain a mere beginner, But with me youll be a winner. Personality features

polite, timorous
territorial, boastful

Nightingale : Did youdid you like my song? Frog

nervous, shy dismissive, patronising

Frog

presumptuous, haughty

Nightingale : This is a fairy tale And youre Mozart in disguise Come to earth before my eyes. Nightingale : But I cant sing in this weather. Frog Frog Frog : Come, my dearwell sing together. : We must aim for better billings. You still owe me sixty shillings. : Brainless birdyoure on the stage Use your wits and follow fashion. Puff your lungs out with your passion. : I tried to teach her, But she was a stupid creature.

servile, fawning

timid, shy polite, hypocrite. possessive, crafty arrogant, coercing

Frog

deceitful, condescending

SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENTS
MIRROR (Poem)
WORKSHEET100
1. 1. (a) both have reflective surfaces 2. (c) their dim light hides the blemishes of ones face 3. (c) metaphor

2. (a) The mirror is not affected by the whims of persons. An ordinary piece of glass is affected by the mist in the atmosphere and loses its power of observation, assimilation and reflection. This mirror remains vigilant, watchful, dispassionate and neutral. (b) The ugliness of the fish aptly suggests the decaying beauty and lack of charm of a middleaged woman. The fish is described as terrible to suggest the ugly hideous face of the old woman who has lost her beauty and charm. (c) He means that the mirror is absolutely unbiased. It reflects exactly what it sees without adding or subtracting. It does not have any preconceived notions about things. It neither has any likes nor dislikes. Its reflection is totally dependable.

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(d) It remains busy reflecting the wall opposite it. This reflection is interrupted only when someone stands between the mirror and the wall or when darkness blocks the visibility. However, someone stands in front of the mirror, it reflects back the image objectively. 3. 1. We generally use a mirror to watch our face, to check our appearance, to apply/remove make up and to ensure our neatness and tidiness.

2. No, in modern life a mirror has become constant companion of beauty for conscious girls/ladies. Even boys/grown-up males spend a lot of time before mirrors. The other possible reasons for using a mirror are:
(a) (b) (c) (d) To check ones appearance. To make sure that one is neat and tidy before going out. To check the face for a pimple or a grey hair. To apply make up.

WORKSHEET101
1. (a) The mirror is bright as silver. Its shining surface serves as a good reflecter. The mirror is exact and truthful. It has a great power of observation and assimilation. Whatever it sees, it swallows immediately. It does not distort anything because the mirror is objective in its approach. It has no preconceived notions or false ideas. So it gives a true and faithful report of what it observes. The decisions of the mirror are exact. They are not coloured by personal feelings of love or dislike. People may accuse it of being cruel, whereas the reality is that it is only truthful. The mirror is transparent and powerful like the eye of a little god. It has four corners. (b) The mirror is a keen observer of life and the things around it. It hangs on a wall and most of the time it watches the opposite wall carefully. It notices the red spots on its pink surface. The mirror feels an affinity with the opposite wall for it has been looking at it for such a long time that the wall has now become a part of its personality. Then the image of the wall flickers, not because of any shortcomings on the part of the mirror, but because some faces and darkness come over and over again between the mirror and the wall and separate them. The mirror functions only when there is light. It reflects the bright faces of persons as well as bright things. It fails to respond to darkness. 2. 1. (a) mirror 2. (d) mirror 3. (b) accept

WORKSHEET102
1. 1. (a) the woman who looks at the mirror 2. (a) she feels upset 3. (d) worry and anxiety

2. The two distinguishing features of the mirror are: (i) its silvery brightness. (ii) exactness of observation and reflection. 3. First Option The mirror assumes the form of a lake. Earlier it had four corners. Its rectangular or square size had only two dimensionslength and breadth. Now another dimension is added to the mirror the lake has depth. It is true that the mirror swallows whatever it sees, but the lake performs another function also. It not only swallows an image but absorbs and transforms it as well. The example of a woman bending over the lake illustrates this additional function. The mirror is a

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testimony to the change in her figure over the years. There was a time when she was young and pretty. That figure of a young girl has been drowned somewhere in the depth of the lake and only the hideous, repulsive figure of an old woman rises to the surface. She now looks as terrible as a fish. Second Option The mirror says this because the woman looking at her face into the mirror was once a pretty young girl. Now this girl is growing into an old woman. She has lost her youthful beauty but she wants to be always beautiful. She turns to candles and the moon. These become liars because they help to hide the wrinkles by adding their lights on her face. The mirror reflects the womans face truthfully which is growing old. But she behaves like a terrible fish because of her growing old. She in her old age doesnt want to face the reality of life. She has always desired to look young. But the mirror cant help her at all. It appears to be advising its users to accept the reality.

FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT
APPRECIATION OF THEME: Mirror (Poem)
WORKSHEET103
1. The mirror has been personified. It has been given human characteristics. Judgment : I have no preconceptions Sight : Whatever I see I swallow immediately just as it is Temperament : (unbiased) unmisted by love or dislike I am not cruel only truthful Mirrors Routine Keen Observer contemplates the opposite wall faces and darkness disturb meditation. Patient Reflector A woman searches for her real looks/beauty in the depths of the pool reflects faithfully reality is frightening watches womans tears and agitation of the hands 2. (a) The woman is bending over the mirror, now a lake. (b) The woman bends over the edges of the lake-like mirror and searches its depths to know what she really/exactly looks like. (c) No, she is not satisfied with what she observes. Her tears and agitation of hands convey her displeasure and dissatisfaction. (d) The candles and the moon have been called liars because they create the illusion of beauty in their soft light. So even an ugly face looks glamorous in their faint light. (e) She wants to satisfy the general human weakness of appearing beautiful. These liars make her look beautiful in their soft/faint light. Perhaps, her ego is also satisfied this way. 3. ...I am silvery bright and exact in my work. I suffer from no prejudices. I have no preconceptions or misconceptions. I am very fair in my judgment. I assimilate at once whatever I see and do so as it is. My response is not coloured by personal emotions. Hence my judgment is unmisted by love or dislike. Since there is no personal element involved in my decision making, my observations are full of truth and exactness. I faithfully depict whatever I see. Those who do not like their

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reflected images may accuse me of being cruel. But remember, I am no flatterer. I am quite truthful and faithfully reflect whatever I see. I do not add or subtract anything. I hope to remain true, exact and sincere even if the beholder may feel upset, worried, sad or angry. The day I lose my objectivity and truthfulness you humans will dub me a liar and discard me to your dustbin.

SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT
NOT MARBLE, NOR THE GILDED MONUMENTS (Poem)
WORKSHEET104
1. 1. (d) be remembered till posterity 2. (c) the person he loves 3. (b) abab 2. (a) According to Shakespeare even gold plated, ornate monuments become unclean and faded with the passage of time. They get tarnished and unclean. On the other hand, poetry remains fresh, lively and vibrant. (b) Shakespeare calls war wasteful. It causes a lot of destruction all around. Fine works of art and architecture like beautiful statues and buildings are destroyed by the fast moving gun fire. People are killed in the prime of their lives. The ravages of war are quite horrible. (c) Time is a great destroyer. It tarnishes memory and objects and spoils their appeal. War is another destroyer. The weapons of war spread wide-spread destruction. But his friend will enjoy everlasting memory through the sonnet about him. (d) According to Shakespeare, his poetry will survive longer than the ornate gilded monuments. He says that neither forces of nature nor wars can destroy his poetry. In fact, even godly powers of Mars will not have a devastating effect on his poems. 3. Poetry springs out of human heart and resides there. As long as the human heart throbs, it keeps the emotions alive. The sonnet written by Shakespeare in praise of his friend has certainly outlived both the poet and his friend. It is as fresh, lively and vibrant today as it was when the poet composed it almost 400 years ago. Huge monuments made of beautiful stones like white marble and embedded with precious gems have faded with the onslaught of time. The hostile forces of nature and the deadly engines of war have left their devastating effect on these physical objects. On the other hand poetry has survived the ravages of cruel time, hostile forces of nature and deadly engines of war. Shakespeare has indeed succeeded in immortalising his friend. As we go through the poem an image of his friend springs up in our imagination. Thus he has immortalised his friend through his poem.

WORKSHEET105
1. 1. War spreads large-scale destruction. It destroys statues and beautiful buildings. Objects of art become the first casualty. 2. Mars is the god of war. He carries a sword smeared in red blood. Mars has been personified. So it is written with capital M. 3. The living record here refers to the sonnet the poet has written for his friend. This written memory of his life will continue even after he is dead. 2. (a) Some rich persons want to show off their wealth. Some powerful persons want to display their power and artistic talent. However, the common factor is that they want to be remembered till future generations. So they get monuments and statues erected in their memory.

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(b) Time is a great destroyer. It leaves marks of its cruel fangs and finger tips on every thing. Monuments and statues brave the ravages of time for some period. Ultimately these are ruined and reduced to rubble. (c) A slut is a person with unclean habits and behaviour. Time has been personified here and called sluttish. Shakespeare wants to emphasize how things get tarnished and dirty in the company of Time that leaves its dirty imprint on everything it comes in contact. (d) These lines reveal the optimism and confidence of the poet. He is certain that poetry survives the ravages of time, war and nature. It immortalizes the person or object. People read about him or the object and recreate the image even when the person/thing is no more in existence. 3. Time is a great destroyer. It leaves marks of its cruel fangs and finger tips on everything. People try to thwart the ravages of time and erect statues and monuments to keep alive their memory in the hearts of the coming generations. Their efforts, in general, get only partial success. The hostile forces of nature, wasteful wars and cruel conquerors play havoc and ruin these famous specimens of human architectural skill to rubble. Time covers everything with dust. Its hands are unclean and dirty. Everything gets tarnished as it comes in contact with time. Poets have written poems in praise of their friends and benefactors. These are living records of the memory of the persons eulogised/remembered therein. The poems still exist and have thwarted ravages of time. The beautiful buildings of Taj Mahal or the churches in Europe are rare examples of buildings that have braved the ravages of time.

FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT
DISCUSSION: Not Marble, Nor the Gilded Monuments (Poem)
WORKSHEET106
1.

2.

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3. Quatrain 1 Quatrain 2 Quatrain 3 Couplet

Rhyme scheme abab cdcd efef gg

Theme Comparison between poetry and monuments. Ravages of time on monuments contrasted with ever fresh recorded memory The recorded memory of friend will outlive him and he will be remembered till posterity. Poetry immortalises friend

4. (a) Som of the examples of alliteration are (i) unswept stone, be smeard with sluttish time (line 4) (ii) when wasteful war (line 5) (iii) shall statues overturn (line 5) (iv) shall still find (line 10) (v) wear this world out (line 12) (b) (i) Time in line 4 has been given attributes of a person. (ii) Mars in line 5 is depicted as a fighter with a sword in hand.

SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENTS
THE DEAR DEPARTED (Drama)
WORKSHEET107
1. 1. (d) Victoria 2. (c) Mrs Slater 3. (b) speakers uncle and aunt 2. (a) Mrs Slater hopes to outshine the Jordans by quickly changing into partly black clothes before their new dress of mourning is ready. She is certain that her sister Elizabeth Jordan and her brother-in-law Ben Jordan wouldnt have thought about mourning yet. It shows that she is showy and jealous. (b) Mrs Slater is greedy and possessive. She decides to shift the bureau from grandfathers room before the arrival of the Jordans. She knows that her sister Elizabeth Jordan has never seen it. So she will never know that it belonged to grandfather. Henry is started at her suggestion. He looks daft and stupefied. He thinks it does not seem delicate to pinch it. (c) The Jordans took a long time to get to the house of the Slaters because they had to wait to get the new dress of mourning. Mrs Slater is in half mourning dress as she does not like buying readymade things. The two sisters dont seem to have much love or affection for each other. They stand on ceremony and outward appearance. Each tries to outdo the other. (d) Mrs Jordan describes not calling in a doctor as a fatal mistake. Mrs Slater remarks that Dr Pringle attended him when he was alive. She asserts that Pringle shall attend him when he is dead. She calls it professional etiquette. The irony in the comment is that the grandfather is only drunk, but not dead. 3. Saturday 7 March 20XX, 9 p.m. The long day full of bickerings, taunts and sarcasm is over at last. How tired do I feelboth mentally and emotionally. I feel bewildered and upset at the low money-grubbing spirit of the

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elders. I had never imagined in the wildest of my dreams that they could be so mean and calculating. They have no sincere love or affection for the grandfather, but are in a haste to don black to exhibit their grief at the loss of the dear departed. They believe in form and show. Instead of going upstairs to examine grandfather, they sit down to take tea and discuss the division of the bits and pieces they are likely to inherit. The grandfather has left no jewellery or valuables. Mrs Jordan lays claim to his gold watch as he had promised it to her son Jimmy. Mother shows her amazement and expresses ignorance of it. Then they talk about his insurance money. Uncle Ben inquires about the receipt of the premium he paid that morning. I remind them that he didnt go to town that day. Aunt Elizabeth gives her opinion that he has not paid the premium which was overdue. Uncle Ben calls him the drunken old beggar. Mother accuses him of swindling. She has looked after him for three years. Aunt Elizabeth says that she had to put up with him for five years. Mother remarks that all the time aunt had been trying to turn him over to us. A chance reference to the keys, shifts the conversation to the bureau. Aunt Elizabeth calls it artistic. Uncle Jordan condemns it at being second hand. Mom tells a lie that father picked it up at an auction. Father is surprised and asks my mom where from he had bought it. The falsehood of my parents and their acts of stealing become know once grandfather asks for his things and notices them in the sitting room downstairs.

WORKSHEET108
1. (a) It here refers to grandfathers bureau lying in bedroom upstairs. (b) Victoria is a precocious girl of ten. She overhears the conversation of her parents and learns of her mothers keenness to have it. They are going to replace it by the shabby old chest of drawers lying downstairs. (c) Mrs Slater says that she always wanted to have the bureau after grandfather died. She cant wait for division of inheritance. She says that her sister, Elizabeth is very sharp. She will drive a hard bargain about it. 2. (a) At first Ben appreciates grandfathers action to pay his overdue premium. He thinks it thoughtful of him. Later on he learns that the old man did not go to town to pay the premium. He rather went to the pub to have a drink. Ben fears loss of money from insurance claim due to unpaid overdue premium. So he changes his opinion about grandfather and calls him a drunken old beggar. (b) The grandfather decides to make a change in his new will. He shall be leaving all his bits of things to whoever hes living with when he dies. Both his daughtersElizabeth and Amelia now want to have him and quarrel over this point. Amelia reminds her father of their previous quarrel over the issue of keeping the old man with them by turns. (c) First, he will go to the lawyer and change his will. Second, he will go to the insurance office and pay his premium. Third, he will go to St. Philips Church and get married. (d) Grandfather thanks Amelia Slater for bringing the bureau downstairs. It will be handier to carry across to the Ring-O-Bells on Monday, where he will live after his marriage. 3. The title of the play The Dear Departed is highly ironic. Abel Merryweather, the grandfather is neither the darling of the two families nor has he departed. Abels two daughters Amelia and Elizabeth are more interested in the old mans belongings than in the man himself. Their greed, acquisitiveness, shallowness, insensitivity and rudeness are amply exposed through their quarrel over the old mans petty possessions. They pretend to show their grief and profound loss by putting on the formal mourning dress. They do not bother to ascertain whether the man has really died. Thus formal show is more important to them than genuine feelings. Neither of them wants to keep the old man with her. The grandfather decides to marry a widow who will look after him with pleasure. This announcement shatters their hopes and plans.

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The discussion on the obituary notice is highly amusing and ironic. They reject one suggestion after another on one pretext or the other. The cost factor is the most important. Then comes that of sincerity, love and loss due to the departure of the noble soul. Thus the title of the play is quite ironic.

WORKSHEET109
1. 1. (d) Elizabeth Jordan 2. (c) obituary notice in newspaper 3. (a) materialistic 2. (a) According to Mrs Jordan it is a fatal mistake not to have called in the doctor to examine the grandfather. She says that many persons have been restored to life hours after they were thought to be gone. Henry observes that it applied only to those who had been drowned. Ben adds that there wasnt much fear of that as the old man couldnt bear the sight of water. (b) Mrs Jordan suggests that they wont talk about his taking a drop too much at times. Mrs Slater makes it look dignified by adding that their father had been merry that morning. A little later she adds that he returned in the evening from the pub Ring-O-Bells. Then he seemed extremely happy and carefree. (c) The old man had no jewellery or valuables. He had, however, taken an insurance policy. Its premium was overdue. Mrs Slater says that soon after breakfast he went out to pay his insurance. Ben praises him for this act. Mrs Jordan calls him thoughtful and honourable. They lavish praises on him as they expect fat money from insurance policy. (d) The grandfather refused to have any dinner. He expressed the desire to go to bed. When Henry went upstairs he found the old man undressed and lying comfortably in bed. He asked Henry to take his boots off. When Mrs Slater went to his room with something to eat, she found him quite cold. They thought that he was gone. 3. Elizabeth Jordan criticizes the Slaters for their indecent haste to step into a dead mans shoes. Then the fondness of the grandfather for the grandchildren comes up. Amelia says he is fond of her daughter Victoria. Elizabeth claims that he loves her son Jimmy and had promised his gold watch to him. The old man says that he didnt sleep last evening and was lying in a dazed state. The old man chides Amelia and Henry for shifting his bureau from his bedroom. This leads to an exchange of words between the two sisters. Elizabeth accuses Amelia and Henry of robbing the old man. This spat makes it clear to the old man that they had thought him to be dead and it didnt take them long to start dividing his things between them. Elizabeth Jordan clarifies her position. She accuses Amelia of getting hold of his things on her own account. The quarrel between the two sister for retaining him after he talks of changing the will exposes them further. The grandfather discovers the truth. His daughters do not love him. They are interested only in his thingsfurniture, watch, clock and insurance policy.

WORKSHEET110
1. (a) Abel Merryweather, the grandfather, speaks these lines. He addresses his daughters Amelia and Elizabeth and their husbands, Henry Slater and Ben Jordan. (b) It here refers to the grandfathers will. He is thinking of destroying the old will and making another. (c) Each of them now tries to coax him to live with her. Each claims to look after him in better way. The real motive is to get the things. These will go to whoever he is living with when he dies. 2. (a) Mrs Slater does not approve of Victorias behaviour. She is dressed in coloured clothes and moving about the street seeking pleasure. It does not behave her to do so as her grandfather

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is lying upstairs cold and dead. She advises Victoria to put on her white frock with a black sash before her Aunt Elizabeth Uncle Ben arrive. (b) Amelia Slater points out only the negative qualities of Elizabeth. She says that she is quite prying and sharp and accuses her of having a low money grubbing spirit. Her greed will prompt her to come fast enough after her share of what grandfather has left. These qualities are not unique to her. Henry Slaters remark I suppose its in the family establishes that Amelia Slater is equally greedy. (c) The bureau episode forms one of the focal points in the play. It furthers the movement of the play. It reveals the hidden qualities of Mrs Slaterher greed, selfishness, acquisitiveness, bluntness and insensitiveness. She is a dominating person who overpowers her husband. This episode also adds to the humour of the play. (d) Mrs Slater suggests a brief announcement in prose mentioning her residence. Mrs Jordan calls Never Forgotten more refined. Mrs Slater fancies that A loving husband, a kind father, and a faithful friend is better. Henry Slater suggests a verse. Mrs Jordan wants a verse highlighting their love for him, his good qualities and the heavy loss they had. Mrs Slater rejects it as it would cost a good lot. So they fail to agree. 3. Amelia Slater is quite greedy and acquisitive by nature. She is quarrelsome, overbearing and dominating. She is blunt and outspoken. She is prepared to do any amount of straight talking to get her own way. She can be impolite if not downright rude. She is insensitive to the feelings of others. Henry Slater is a submissive person ordering on being a hen-pecked husband. He humbly follows the dictates of his wife. Much against his will, he has to put on grandfathers slippers and help his wife in bringing grandfathers bureau downstairs. Amelia has no hesitation to tell a lie, but hes not that rotten. Amelia is prosaic and moneyminded. Henry is poetic and feels embarrassed when he is forced to tell lies. The flashes of wit that pour from Henry are limited but meaningful. He speaks little but his interventions are timely and meaningful. Elizabeth calls him a poor creature who does every dirty thing Amelia asks him to do. He, however, outshines his wife Amelia Slater due to his keen understanding, sharp wit and genuine love for fairness.

WORKSHEET111
1. 1. (d) Abel Merryweather 2. (c) the person he is living at the time of his death 3. (b) his intention to lead a peaceful, happy life 2. (a) The elders are greedy and money-minded. They want to grab as many of the grandfathers things as they can. They dont wait for the division of inheritance. Vicky is innocent, gentle and affectionate. She loves her grandfather. She is shocked at what the elders are doing. (b) The Slaters assumed the grandfather to be dead. They didnt even call a doctor to confirm whether he had a drunken hang over or had gone cold and lifeless. This error leads to the exposure of their true nature and temperament. They are exposed and deprived of the inheritance. (c) Ben Jordan and Henry Slater are surprised. Mrs Elizabeth Jordan seems equally surprised. Mrs Amelia Slater is one who is shocked as she thinks the old man is out of his senses. There is general consternation. This reveals the selfishness and greed of the four major characters. (d) The Slaters and the Jordans are anxious to know whether the old man has paid the premium of his insurance policy or not. Mrs Slater asks Victoria to run upstairs and fetch the bunch of keys lying on the grandpas dressing table. Victoria is hesitant to go upstairs as she has been told that grandpa is lying there cold and dead. It shows an innocent childs fear and insecurity.

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3. At first, the grandfathers decision to leave his daughters altogether seems correct. He gives solid reasons for it. He is sore that his daughters have not treated him properly. He has lived with Elizabeth for five years and for the last three years he is staying with Amelia. They have not cared to put up with him. Each wanted the other to keep him. They have even quarrelled on this issue. They are found wanting in filial obligation and disregard modesty and decency. However, I dont feel that the grandfather can be fully justified in practically disowning his family. His decision to get married and leave everything to his new wife seems quite harsh on the two daughters. The selfish and greedy daughters get a bitter pill to swallow. Their father proves to be one step ahead of them. It is a cruel joke played on them by an old man of seventytwo. It can be a sort of shock-treatment to bring round his errant daughters. But to severe all connections is too much to bear. Besides this, Victoria loves him sincerely. He seems to have spared no thought for her feelings. So I do not feel his decision to be fully justified.

FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT
ROLE-PLAY: The Dear Departed (Drama)
WORKSHEET112
1. The correct sequence of the incidents is: (a) Mrs Slater discovers that grandfather is dead. (b) Mrs Slater instructs Victoria to put her white frock on with a black sash. (c) Henry wears the new slippers of grandfathers. (d) The Slaters fetch the bureau and the clock from upstairs. (e) The Jordans arrive and learn the details of grandfathers demise from the Slaters. (f) They discuss the obituary announcement in the papers and the insurance premium payment. (g) The family sits down to have tea. (h) Victoria is asked to fetch the bunch of keys to the bureau to look for the insurance receipt. (i) Grandfather comes down and is surprised to find the Jordans. (j) Grandfather comes to know how his daughters were in a hurry to divide his things between them. (k) Grandfather announces his intention to change his will and to marry Mrs Shorrocks. Thus the correct sequence is: 3, 2, 6, 4, 11, 10, 5, 1, 9, 7 and 8. 2. Greedy: (i) Henry, Ive been thinking about that bureau of grandfathers thats in his bed room. You know I always wanted to have it after he died. (ii) I thought Id fetch this down as well... . Our clocks worth nothing and this always appealed to me. Overpowering/dominating: (i) Get your boots off, Henry. (ii) Here! Youd better wear these slippers of grandfathers now. Its lucky hed just got a new pair. (iii) Dont look so daft. Why not? Blunt/Straight talking: (i) What good could a doctor have done? (ii) Its nothing short of swindling. Impolite: (i) And you were trying to turn him over to us all the time. (ii) Remember where you are Elizabeth. (iii) Hes out of his senses.

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Insensitive: (i) Well, will you go up and look at him now, or shall we have tea. (ii) No, if Im not to have him, you shant either. 3. (a) Mrs Slater thinks that the Jordansher sister and brother-in-law will arrive any moment in response to their telegram about grandfathers demise. They are not in dress of mourning. She wants to appear sad and in grief. Every sound seems to signal their arrival. (b) The widow of John Shorrock does not make a physical appearance on the stage. Amelia Slater remarks that her father, Abel is always hanging about there. Abel himself admits that she thinks it a pleasure to look after him. Her consent to get married to Abel indicates that she loves him and cares for him. Their union will relieve them of their loneliness and boredom. (c) Mrs Elizabeth Jordan accuses Amelia and her husband Henry Slater of being mean, moneyminded, insensitive and lacking decency. Henry has put on the old mans slippers who is supposed to have departed. Elizabeth taunts them on the indecent behaviour. 4. (a) (b) (c) (d) Ben Jordan speaks these lines. He finds Amelia Slater sniffing back a tear. He tries to console her. He means it might have been one of them. Ben Jordan is a jolly, humorous person. He is trying to be solemn, sincere and grief stricken.

5. While enacting different roles remember that the characters are sharply contrasted, e.g. (a) Amelia Slater is a vigorous, plump, red-faced, vulgar woman, prepared to do any amount of straight talking to get her own way. (b) Her husband Henry Slater is a stooping, heavy man with a drooping moustache. He doesnt seem to enjoy the best of health. They are clad in half-mourning dress. (c) Elizabeth Jordan is a stout, complacent woman with an impassive and an irritating air of being always right. (d) Ben Jordan is rather a jolly little man, accustomed to be humorous, but at present trying to adapt himself to the regrettable occasion. He has a bright, chirpy little voice. They are putting on full mourning dress. (e) Abel Merryweather is an old man of seventy-two. He is vigorous and well coloured. His bright, malicious eyes twinkle under his heavy, reddish-grey eyebrows. He is clad in a faded but gay dressing gown. He appears in his stockinged feet. (f) Victoria Slater is a precocious girl of ten. She is often dressed in colour.

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PRACTICE PAPER1
SECTIONA (READING)
1. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) (j) 2. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 3. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. bucks running rocky harsh obstructing avoid swiftly swerved save satisfied brown round flat bread rolls threw out it has shed formalism basic key word keep safe (c) (d) (b) (a) (a) (d) (c) (a) (b) (a) the tools they get from abroad cost four times as much more than a dozen instruments for operating on the eye the United States of America restricted a wide range of instruments him imagination, creativity and passion for life film producer suspense and humour he produced films and hosted a television show fainting

SECTIONB (WRITING)
5. OUR SCHOOL LIBRARY Our School Library is housed in a separate block. It has two very big rooms. One room has collection of books. These are on all possible subjects. The books are kept in almirahs. These are arranged subjectwise. The other room is the reading room. There are many tables and chairs. We visit the library during recess or free periods. We read newspapers and magazines there. It is a very quiet place. Our librarian is a kindly old man. He advises us on books and issues them. The library is open all day. It is the best place in the school.

6. 1234 Sector 5 Gurgaon 25 May 20XX Dear Nikhil What a treasure trove I came across yesterday while cleaning up the garage in my house. It is no less than the seven wonders of the world. It opens up visions of a by gone era. Well, I will not

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keep your guessing anymore. I came across the diary of my great-great-grandfather. It is two hundred years old. It contains description of things/events in the year 2006. The contrast between then and now is very striking. There are enormous dissimilarities in dress. Then they used T-shirts, jeans and shoes, whereas now we put on air-conditioned body suits. At that time boys and girls studied together in community schools. All the children of that era went to the same school. They learnt and played together. Now, each one of us has individual schools. Specially programmed robots act as teachers now. What a fun it was when teachers were humans! In the time of our great-great-grandfather people used bikes and cars as models of transport. These were quite slow and old fashioned compared to jet engines fitted as backpacks on our backs. There is another big difference. Then the books were printed on paper. One could read it whenever one liked. Now we have to read the words on moving screens. The matter is made interesting by pictures. Thus there is variety in writing and reading material. I hope I have not bored you with these details. In case you come across such interesting things, please do write to me. With best wishes. Yours sincerely Akhil 7. IMPORTANCE OF ROAD SAFETY AND OF FOLLOWING THE RULES OF THE ROAD Respected Principal, Members of Faculty and dear friends! We have assembled here to celebrate a Road Safety Week in our city. Before we go out to important places in the city to observe and safety, I would like to draw your attention to the frequent road accidents in our city and suggest some measures to avoid them. The slogan Speed thrills but leads to Hospital is quite significant. It has been observed that the drivers lose control on their vehicles when they are running at high speeds. Remember, life is precious. We should drive carefully. We have to take care not only of ourselves but of other road users as well. In a nutshell, I would seem it up in a sentence: keep a cool head and keep your vehicle under control. Some persons drive vehicles after drinking or taking drugs. In their inebriated state, their mind does not function properly. Some experience a blurred vision and collide with other vehicles. So dont mix driving and drinking. Using cellphones while driving is another malady affecting the youth. Since their attention is diverted, there is every likelihood of accident. So cellphones must not be used in running vehicles. If the matter is urgent, stop the vehicle on one side and attend to the call. It is seen that next to pedestrians, people using two-wheelersscooters or bikesare more prone to accidents. In their enthusiasm for speed, they forget essential rules. For example, most of them do not use helmets, which are essential to prevent head injury. One showed follow traffic rules and cooperate with the traffic police. You should always carry your driving licence, identity card, pollution certificate and papers relating to the ownership of the vehicle. These will save you from feeling small or insulted if there is any checking by the Traffic Police. Please remember, the Traffic Police is there to regulate traffic. They help us and not hinder our movement. Avoid road rage, Be patient and wait for your turn. Lane jumping, over taking, breaking signals etc. should be avoided. Young children risk their lives by throwing objects like balls, balloons or plastic saucers in air and rush across the road to catch them. So dont play games on the road.

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A word of caution to the pedestrians. Dont run on the road. Wait for the light to turn green. Let the taffic stop and cross the road only at the zebra crossing. I am confident that if the above points are followed sincerely, we can ensure road safety and minimise the occurrence of accidents. Thank you

SECTIONC (GRAMMAR)
8. (a) (b) (c) (d) 4. 1. 2. 4. Whom do you want to speak to Where are you calling from Why didnt you let me know you were coming Is someone else accompanying you (b) 1. on (f) 4. former (c) 3. was (g) 2. any (d) 3. in (h) 2. for

9. (a) 2. the (e) 3. she

10. (a) plane tyre burst (c) were killed 11. (a) (b) (c) (d) 12. (a) (b) (c) (d)

(b) will be auctioned (d) has been extended to/till

Children below the age of eighteen years must not drive. We must wear helmets for our protection. Mobile phones must not be used while driving. Traffic police is making efforts to increase sefety on the roads. how he was the strongest one his father could stop a car with both hands that his father could stop a hundred cars with one hand his dad was a traffic policeman

SECTIOND (LITERATURE)
13. (A) First option 1. (a) she died an untimely death 2. (a) been original in her singing 3. (b) boastful nature Second option 1. (b) the division of the ancestral property 2. (b) shocked 3. (c) helplessness 13. (B) 1. Mrs. Elizabeth Jordan speaks these words. 2. Here you refers to Henry Slater. 3. The speaker, Mrs. Elizabeth Jordan, accuses Henry Slater of being a weak person as he does every dirty thing his wife Amelia Slater asks him to do. 14. (a) The nightingale did lack worldly wisdom but we cannot call her stupid or brainless. She was only much too simple, gentle and innocent. There was nothing stupid about her wishes to be successful and popular. It was her simplicity and gullibility, not stupidity that stopped her from taking in pressure and resisting from exploitation. (b) The mirror reflects or shows whatever it sees in all its exactness. It does not hide, tone down, twist or distort what it sees as the human beings do nor does it enhance the beauty of any reflection. It projects the truth in its entirety.

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(c) Ali was an old man. He was known as coachman Ali. Every day he would go to the post office at 5 a.m. He was the first to reach there. He sat on a bench and waited for a letter. He had followed this practice for the last five years. (d) The two boys were waiting for the last bus from Padra to come to Verona. They hoped to sell all their newspapers. (e) This statement of a 72 year-old widower shocks and surprises the two male adults, Ben and Henry. They exclaim together What! Mrs. Jordan is surprised at his decision whereas Mrs. Slater feels cheated and declares him to be out of his senses. There is general consternation. 15. First Option Tuesday 25 February 20XX What a troublesome day it was yesterday. I had been waiting anxiously for news of my daughter who lay ill at Lucknow. I saw an envelope of the colour and shape I expected to receive. I snatched it up eagerly, but the next moment I dropped it as if it had given me an electric shock. The letter was addressed to coachman Ali. I was worried all night, as I did not receive my letter. A single night in suspense filled me with sympathy for the poor old man who had been waiting anxiously for a letter for the last five years. At the stroke of five I heard a soft knock on the door. Feeling sure that it was Ali, I rose quickly from the chair and flung the door wide open. Ali was standing outside. He was leaning on a stick, bent double with age. Tears were wet on his face. His eyes had an unearthly light. I shrank back in fear and astonishment. Soon Lakshmi Das came towards the office from another quarter. I took no notice of him but kept staring with wide open eyes at the doorway from which Ali had disappeared. I was surprised to learn from Lakshmi Das that Ali had died three months ago. I was bewildered. I listened to Lakshmi Dass recital of the last interview he had with Ali. I was perplexed. Had I really seen Ali or had my imagination deceived me. I suffered the pangs of anxiety and separation yet again as I didnt receive any letter from home today. In the evening I, accompanied by Lakshmi Das, visited Alis grave and laid the letter on it. For the first time in my life I realised what anxiety and pangs of separation mean to a father. I kept reproaching myself for my failure to understand Alis anxiety. I was tortured by doubt and remorse, but I sat down by the charcoal sigri to wait for another night. O how long and tiresome must have been Alis waiting! Second Option The ending of the play The Dear Departed is a master-stroke. It is a well worked out conclusion that is a befiting reply to the machination of the two designing daughters who dont love their dear old father, but are after the bits and ends of the small pieces of property and the money from his insurance policy. After they have exposed each other in their quarrels, comes the old mans declaration. He announces that he is going to make a new will. He will leave all his bits of things to whoever hes living with when he dies. Then he will go to the insurance office and pay his premium. These two announcements please all of them. The third one, however, comes as thunder bolt. It is his declaration to get married to Mrs. John Shorrocks who keeps Ring OBell. He tells his daughters flatly what he had felt about himself. They thought him a burden. So he found someone whod think it a pleasure to look after him. The invitation to the wedding ceremony at the St. Philips Church on Monday, twelve oclock is another slap on the face of the greedy, self-seeking daughters. The ending adds to the fun of the play.

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PRACTICE PAPER2
SECTIONA (READING)
1. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) (j) 2. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 3. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. settles hidden complete murmuring glow/glimmer gloom before pain/anguish loss replace (b) (c) (d) (a) (d) a tiger they had sat in their seats peacefully people were afraid of the tiger the tailor shut himself up in a cupboard left because it was dangerous to stay

fourth a state boarding school in New Zealand his masters wanted him to do that some corner of the cloakroom of Canterbury College had an aptitude for the science of machinery (d) (a) (b) (c) (a) freedom of thought everyone likes to have it for himself they express different opinions went on thinking like our ancestors forefathers

SECTIONB (WRITING)
5. It is quite evident from the statistics that the number of malaria cases and resultant deaths have been fast increasing over the years and situation, far from improving, has actually worsened. For example, the incidence of the mosquito-borne disease increased from over 21 lakh in 2002 to more than 30 lakh in 2006. It showed a downward trend in 2007 when it came down to 25.53 lakh, but since then it has been steadily rising and crossed the thirty lakh mark again in 2009. The number of deaths due to malaria came down from 422 in 2002 to 354 in 2003 but rose to 1122 in 2004 and 1151 in 2005. The year 2007 registered a healthy 711 as again 1020 in 2006. However the joy and satisfaction of the NMEP as well as NGOs was shortlived as the number of deaths rose to 998 in 2008 and 1020 in 2009. 6. 22 Dalton Ganj Kanpur 24 March 20XX The Editor The Herald Kanpur

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Dear Sir Sub: Problems Faced by Metropolitan Cities. Through the esteemed columns of your newspaper, I want to draw the attention of the authorities concerned towards the problems faced by metropolitan cities. One of the major problem is pollution. In fact, pollution is increasing at an alarming rate. The increasing number of vehicles on the road pollute the atmosphere. There are dumps of garbage everywhere on the roads and streets. There is shortage of basic amenities like food, shelter and clothing. If the city has to move forward, certain areas need immediate attention. Steps should be taken to reduce pollution. People should use public transport as it would reduce the number of vehicles on the road. The government should take steps to ensure the cleanliness of metropolitan cities. There should be an effective sewage system based on scientific rules. Daily commodities must be readily available at all the government stores. Mass housing projects should be undertaken after this. I hope you will publish my views in your newspaper so that the authorities concerned become aware of the problem and take effective measures to improve the situation. Yours etc. Sharat 7. TRAFFIC JAMS AND ACCIDENTS (by Raj Sinha) During the last two decades there has been a boom in the automobile industry. This has led to a manifold increase in the number of vehicles in major Indian cities. While the easy availability of vehicles helps comfortable and hassle-free transportation, the multiplicity of vehicles on the roads causes various problems like traffic jams and accidents. The visual depicts the plight of people caught in traffic jam. This is not an unusual scene in a city like Delhi where the bulging traffic presents a chaotic scene at almost every roundabout and cross-road. In their eagerness to move faster, drivers break rules, jump the red light signals and cause accidents. Every day we hear of traffic jams and road accidents. Since the problem is acute it needs urgent and drastic measures. Construction of overbridges will take time but it will ensure freedom from traffic jams. Till then, we can adopt the policy of restraint on the vehicles by permitting even and odd numbered vehicles on alternate days. This will cut the number of vehicles to half. The road users will resent it at first, but they can be persuaded to share vehicles and travel by staff cars or public transport. The Metro trains can also decrease the volume of traffic on the road. Change in the opening and closing time in schools, offices and shops in neighbouring areas and adoption of staggered hours can help to reduce congestion at peak hours. Last but not least, a proper traffic sense has to be inculcated among the road users. Most of the accidents and traffic jams are caused by the violation of the rules of the road. The traffic police must be strict with the habitual offenders. The penalties must be harsh. It is hoped that all these measures, if adopted sincerely, can help to curb the problem of traffic jams and accidents.

SECTIONC (GRAMMAR)
8. (a) 2. Why dont you clean (c) 3. when you will clean your table 9. (a) 3. been rewatching (e) 2. for 10. (a) were killed (c) will be attended (b) 2. so (f) 1. when (b) 1. how can you study in this mess (d) 4. How are you going to write (c) 4. whether (g) 3. which (b) has been postponed (d) was discovered (d) 2. in (h) 3. our

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11. (a) (b) (c) (d)

There are no rules as to how our home has to look. The important thing is that we should enjoy inhabiting them. Houses are personal statements about our lives. They reflect the confidence we have in ourselves. (b) that he had thrown it out (d) how it was

12. (a) where his radio was (c) why he had done so

SECTIOND (LITERATURE)
13. (A) First option 1. (c) outside the city of Verona 2. (b) wild strawberries 3. (a) the boys were untidy and poorly dressed Second option 1. (b) not prejudiced 2. (d) metaphor 3. (a) it reflects back an image objectively 13. (B) 1. Amelia Slater speaks these words. 2. It here refers to grandfathers bureau lying in his bedroom. 3. Her cunningness, greediness and meanness. 14. (a) Sick and tired of the frogs irritatingly jarring voice, one day the bog creatures got a big surprise and a relief when a nightingale appeared on the scene. She sat on the sumac tree and sang her melodious song all through the night. Her song was sweet and pleasing to the ear as compared to the frogs coarse and jarring croaking and gave relief to the Bingle Bog creatures. (b) Reflecting what is present in front of it, the mirror doesnt reproduce anything that appeared before it in past. Hence the poet has beautifully used the expression swallow to convey this idea. Like human beings it is shown to consume and draw in what it is fed. Hence, the poet has used personification in the above lines. (c) Coachman Ali was a clever and skilful shikari (hunter) and a frail old man in a very pitiable state. Since the last five years he had no news of his married daughter Miriam, who had gone with her husband to his regiment in the Punjab. So, he went to the post office daily to enquire if there was a letter from her about her well-being. (d) Louisa Mebbin told Mrs. Packletide that the tiger was very old. So one thousand rupees was heavy amount for such a tiger. She also said that if the tiger did not touch the goat, she shouldnt pay for it. (e) Mrs. Slater thinks that her sister is quite prying. She notices even the least speck of dirt. She is quarrelsome but greedy as well. She is a hard at striking bargains. Shes quite sharp and intelligent to judge the mood and motives of others. 15. First Option 25 January 20XX Dear Minu It has been two days and two nights of anxious waiting and concern for news of your illness and recovery therefrom. These two nights have been highly tense and instructive to me. I could not sleep at night. A single night in suspense and the anxious waiting for news about you filled my

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heart with sympathy. Now I could understand very well the plight of old Ali who had spent his nights in the same suspense for the last five years. When I reflected about my past behaviour towards the old man I was filled with remorse. How hard hearted and unfeeling I had been! I had behaved casually and sarcastically towards old Ali. I called him a pest. I thought him a crack-brained fellow. Once I lost temper on him and asked him to get away. I asked him very rudely whether Miriams name was registered with the post office. I remember how politely he asked me to do so. How unfeelingly I retorted Do you think were going to eat your letter when it comes? Today my heart is overflowing with love, faith and hope. I received a letter for the old man yesterday. Today I had a strange experience. I saw that old Ali had come to the post office door to claim the letter. Perhaps it was a suggestion from my overworked imagination. Lakshmi Das and the postman confirmed that Ali had died three months ago. To atone for my harshness and lack of politeness to old Ali I accompanied Lakshmi Das to Alis grave to lay the letter on his grave. From now onwards Ill be more sympathetic and full of understanding towards all human beings. Now each letter contain a warm, beating heart. I no longer think of them in terms of envelopes and postcards. I see the essential human worth of a letter. I think my interest in humanity and concern for their sufferings will lessen the gravity of the sin of my earlier indifference and haughtiness. Yours Mikhail Sholokov Second Option Louisa Mebbin is an interesting character. She is the paid companion of Mrs Packletide. She is very cunning. Mrs Packletide takes Louisa with her to the hunting of the tiger. Miss Mebbin takes care not to do even a little more service than she has been paid for. She is very miserly. She does not like to waste money on giving tips to bearers in hotels. She has sharp eyes. She sits on the platform with Mrs Packletide to hunt the tiger. She notices that the tiger is very old. One thousand rupees is too much for such a weak and old tiger. She also says that they must not pay for the goat if the tiger misses it. She notices that Mrs Packletides shot has missed the tiger and killed the goat. A few days later, she blackmails Mrs Packletide. She threatens to disclose this fact to Loona Bimberton. She demands a big sum for keeping her mouth shut. With that money she buys a beautiful cottage. She names the cottage Les Fauves which means the Wild Beasts. Thus she is a very shrewd and stingy person.

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PRACTICE PAPER3
SECTIONA (READING)
1. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) (j) 2. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 3. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. swim rare meal laid time genial tastes bacon differs praise (d) (c) (b) (a) (b) the scientists in embassies the politicians Delhi is the fourth most polluted city in the world increasing number of vehicles a small tool or device

training of drivers, CISF personnel, dhaba owners and hotel staff by training guides in several languages and group-guided trips at regular intervals interpretation centres bringing out more brochures and involving other agencies in the plan and visitor management Etiquette training, hospitality treatment (d) (b) (c) (d) (a) the labourers screams the risk to the life of the rescuer one cannot predict when an accident may befall any person concern for others with no expectations gratitude

SECTIONB (WRITING)
5. THE PERSON I LIKE THE MOST I admire many persons, but the person I like the most is Miss Aruna Ghosh. She teaches us English. She has a good command over her subject. She explains everything clearly. If we feel any difficulty or doubt, she removes them. She is a graceful lady. She follows certain principles. She loves punctuality, neatness, hard work, regularity and sincerity. She is polite but a strict disciplinarian. She does all this for our benefit. She is in touch with her old students as well. She works for the progress and development of the school. May she continue to inspire, encourage and guide the posterity. 6. Bal Vidya Mandir New Delhi 25 September 20XX Dear Vinay You will be glad to know that I spent a week in a worthy and noble cause. As part of NSS

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activity I went to village Mandi in Rajasthan for a week. It was my first visit to a remote village. At first I felt nervous. Then I went to the village school and introduced myself to the Headmaster. I told him that I was a participant in the Adult Literacy Mission. The Headmaster praised me for undertaking a long journey and coming to a far-off place for this noble purpose. The Headmaster then introduced me to the Headman of the village and explained why I had come there. At first the Headman seemed uninterested. Then I told him about our Literacy campaigns in the slums of Delhi and the success we had. It seems that he was convinced. He called a meeting of the villagers and asked them to assemble each evening in the village Chaupal. With the help of the local headmaster I arranged a blackboard, some charts and mats. I told them that I was one of them. My ancestors belonged to a neighbouring village. My father had got good education and he had a job in Delhi. I asked them about their problems and the welfare of their children. My interactions with the villagers opened them up. They shard their problems and worries. I told them that my stay with them would be brief this time and we had to get the maximum out of it. I started with writing the name of five of them on the blackboard. Then I asked them to copy it one the notebooks I had given them. I went to each one of them and helped them write it. The next day I had more persons to attend to. I wrote the name of each of them in their individual note-books. Then I told him that they could take the help of their sons or daughters and practise at home. They expressed helplessness as their children were illiterate. I consoled them that they could not learn due to their circumstances, but they should not deprive their children of the fruit of education. They must send their children to school. Next evening the Headmaster joined me in my appeal. After hard labour of five days I succeeded in convincing them of the importance of education. They promised to educate their children. Well, I think you must have been bored by the details. So, excuse me. Yours sincerely Ankur 7. POLLUTED WATER IN CITY WATER PARK (Leila/Lakshman) I recall with horror my visit to the Water Park near our city last week. We, a group of thirty boys and girls, visited the water park as a part of school excursion. We had made many preparations for playing water games and swimming. Our enthusiasm ebbed away on having a glimpse of the water in the Water Park. It was not clean and had a stale smell. In fact, the smell was so nauseating that we had to step back instantly. We were not going to take things lying down. The crusading spirit of youth came to the forefront. We contacted the keeper of the Water Park and asked for the Visitors Book and Complaint Book. We recorded our experiences, observations and suggestions. Turning the pages of the Visitors Book, I noticed the remarks and complains of the visitors in previous years. There has been a tremendous fall in the number of visitors each successive year. From around 5500 in 2004, the number has fallen to less than 3000 in the current year. I am afraid the number will fall further if no urgent remedial steps are taken to improve the quality of water in the Water Park. The authorities must ensure the replacement of unclean and foul smelling water with clean and freshwater. Insecticides in recommended quantity may be used to keep the water germ-free. Further, no eatables or waste of any type be allowed to be dumped in the Water Park. The fountains, slides and channels must be kept clean. Dirt and filth heaps in the neighbourhood must be removed. It is hoped that these measures will help to keep the water clean, fresh and unpolluted and attract more visitors.

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SECTIONC (GRAMMAR)
8. (a) 1. who (e) 2. as (b) 2. in (f) 3. for (c) 4. that (g) 4. them (d) 1. is (h) 3. keeping

9. (a) 3. What are you doing (c) 2. When do we leave 10. (a) (b) (c) (d)

(b) 4. How do you like (d) 1. What should I carry

he had invited four of his friends for dinner that day she would invite her friends also what they should have for dinner they should decide the menu then (b) was caught (d) had been offered (c) or and (g) his their (d) in up (h) when about

11. (a) had been exposed (c) will be renovated 12. (a) for to (e) is are (b) within without (f) success successful

SECTIOND (LITERATURE)
13. (A) First option 1. (b) from far off places 2. (c) the nightingales melodious voice 3. (d) by charging admission fee from the audience Second option 1. (d) Elizabeth Jordan 2. (c) grandfathers bureau 3. (b) convince her husband 13. (B) 1. Coachman Ali spoke these words to Lakshmi Das. 2. They refer to five gold guineas. 3. You (Lakshmi Das) is to deliver Miriams letter to Alis grave. 14. (a) The mirror is a keen observer of life and the things around it. It hangs on a wall and most of the time it watches the opposite wall carefully. The mirror feels an affinity with the opposite wall for it has been looking at it for such a long time that the wall has now become a part of its personality. Then the image of the wall flickers, not because of any shortcomings on the part of the mirror, but because some faces and darkness come over and over again between the mirror and the wall and separate them. The mirror functions only when there is light. It reflects the bright faces of persons as well as bright things. It fails to respond to darkness. (b) The sonnet that the poet has written for his friend will be a living record of his memory. It will outlive marble statues and gold plated monuments. Hence the poem will be the best memorial for his friend. (c) The boysNicola and Jacopotook the author to a large red-roofed building. It was a hospital. The boys had gone to visit their sister who was ill and in the hospital. (d) The postmaster is tortured by doubt and remorse. A single night spent in suspense, anxiously waiting for the news of his daughter had made him feel sympathy for old Ali. He reproached himself for not understanding the old mans anxiety. Waiting for a letter from his daughter he had to spend another night of restless anxiety. (e) Not getting a doctor to examine the old man and certify that he has actually died is a fatal mistake on the part of Elizabeth and her husband. She says that there are many cases of persons who have been restored to life hours after they were thought to be gone.

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15. First Option Friends! What a vigil I had during this night. I kept on moving round the post office and whenever I struck the hour gong, I found the postmaster sitting still on his chair by the fireside. From outside his face seemed blank and unmoved. I had learnt from the talks of the clerks during the day that the postmasters daughter was unwell in his hometown and he was anxious about her. Love, separation and anxiety had combined together to keep him awake. He had a long restless night. His anxiety can well be imagined by the fact that he came to the post office at 3 a.m. I saw a letter in his hand. I heard him muttering that he would hand it over to coachman Ali himself. It was now 5 a.m. My duty was over and I was returning to my quarter. Just then I heard the main door flung open. The postmaster stood in the door and shouted, Brother Ali, come in. I turned on my heels but failed to notice anyone except Lakshmi Das. The Postmaster was certain that Ali had come there that morning and he was speaking to Ali. Lakshmi Das told him that Ali was dead. A postman who came just then confirmed the fact that Ali had died three months ago. The postmaster was bewildered. Miriams letter was lying near the door. Alis image was still before his eyes. He was confused. Had he really seen Ali or his imagination had deceived him? Perhaps his heart was rebuking him and making him feel guilty of his indifference towards Ali and his failure to understand his anxiety. I saw wrinkles on his forehead. A single night of restless anxiety coupled with doubt and remorse had made him aware of the sufferings of others. Perhaps it was his guilt-ridden psyche that drew the image of old Ali with wet tears on his cheeks. It was the same face he had seen during the last meeting when he had lost temper on the old man. Second Option Mrs Packletide was jealous of her friend, Loona Bimberton. One day Loona had enjoyed a ride of eleven miles in an aeroplane. The distance was insignificant, but she got publicity as an adventurous woman having courage to take risk in those days of early flights. Loona always talked of her adventure. Mrs Packletide wanted to show that she was more adventurous than Loona Bimberton. So she decided to shoot a tiger. She thought that her photographs would appear in magazines. Loona would see these photos and would be impressed. Mrs Packletide had other plans in her mind to impress Loona. She would send a tiger-claw brooch to Loona on her birthday as a gift. She would arrange a luncheon party in the honour of Loona Bimberton. In this party she would show the tiger-skin to her friends. She would boast of her adventure. Thus Mrs Packletide decided to excel Loona Bimberton by shooting a tiger.

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PRACTICE PAPER4
SECTIONA (READING)
1. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) (j) 2. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 3. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. genius trees trice sixty-two childhood lift climbing fall rescued hell consideration for others learning and practising them in every walk of life everywhere and all the time correct or polite behaviour (a) (d) (c) (c) (a) (c) (a) (c) (d) (c) waiting for the right thought to emerge informative knowledge of news and current affairs well-respected cartoonists Dont assume that you will become a cartoonist sought after when he was leaving for England meat-eating would keep him healthy he had promised his mother he would not do so a disease

SECTIONB (WRITING)
5. FAREWELL TO MRS RANGOLI SAXENA Today we have assembled to bid farewell to our dear teacher Mrs Rangoli Saxena, who is retiring after rendering 30 years of meritorious service. I had the good fortune to be a student of the classes taught by her. She has an excellent knowledge of the subject she teaches. That is why her lessons were quite interesting. She is devoted to the institution and will be remembered for her valuable contribution to its progress. She is adored by children for her good qualities. She is efficient, quiet, kind and helpfulall in one. The staff members considered her a delightful companion.

6. 345 Green Park Road Kanpur 25 July 20XX The Editor The Rising Star Kanpur

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Subject: Controlling the pollution of our citysome proposals Sir I want to draw your attention towards the problem of increasing pollution of our city. During the last ten years the population of the city has doubled. Many new colonies have sprung up to meet the housing needs of the people. Trees have been cut ruthlessly and green areas acquired to erect buildings. The worst sufferers are the people of old AgraKanpur Road. This road is the life line of the city, but recently it has become a virtual death-trap for road users because of noise pollution and poisonous smoke spewed out by vehicles. The illegal encroachment and unauthorised constructions hinder the smooth and easy flow of traffic and result in traffic jams. I suggest the following points to control the pollution of the city: The municipal corporation should get all the unauthrorised constructions demolished and the encroachments be removed. The city council should request the administration to regulate the flow of traffic on the Road. All heavy vehicles should be debarred from playing on this road during day time. The railway crossing towards the Eastend is another eyesore. Traffic comes to standstill as soon as the gates are closed. I suggest that the corporation should get in touch with the railway authorities and build an over bridge here. This will save the citizens from inhaling the poisonous smoke and listening to the honking of horns of stationery vehicles. Last but not the least is the problem of sound pollution. The noise created by loud speakers, music parlours and honking of horns sometimes exceeds 100 decibels. This may cause deafness among the children. I suggest the some areas be declared silence zones and loud sounds of any kind be banned. It is hoped that if the above measures are adopted the problems of the environmental pollution will be controlled to some extent. Yours faithfully Mohan Bhandari 7. CARBON CYCLE Carbon is an essential element found in all living beings. Plants and animals get this element from carbon dioxide present in the atmosphere. Plants take carbon dioxide from air and in the presence of water and sunlight they make their food by the process of photosynthesis. Thus plants absorb carbon. Plants are consumed by other animals as food. In this way they get compounds of carbon. Energy is produced by digestion of these carbon compounds. Carnivores (flesh eating animals) get carbon from flesh of herbivores (animals feeding on grass and plants). Omnivores like man get carbon from both plants and animals. Carbon cycle shows that all the animals absorb carbon dioxide during respiration or oxidation and his carbon dioxide is again related into the air. Carbon dioxide is also liberated during the decay of plants and animals and burning of fuels. Plankton exhales carbon dioxide and volcanoes also release it. The dead animals lying in the sea get decomposed and carbon dioxide is produced from these dead animals as well as from the waste material of land. We also get carbon dioxide from burning of coal, natural gas and oil.

SECTIONC (GRAMMAR)
8. (a) 2. What are you doing (c) 4. What kind of books do they have 9. (a) 2. our (e) 3. on (b) 1. up (f) 3. had (b) 1. what I should do (d) 3. Which branch are you interested in (c) 4. were (g) 1. at (d) 3. after (h) 2. from

10. (a) a new flight would be added (c) was hijacked

(b) was appointed (d) would take charge

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11. (a) (c) (e) (g)

of the worlds scientists do not they have not mostly in the

(b) (d) (f) (h)

among the biggest exactly where in alive. The scientists 200700 m below sea-level

12. (a) to give him her phone number (c) what her fathers name was

(b) that it was in her fathers name (d) that it was also in the directory

SECTIOND (LITERATURE)
13. (A) First option 1. (a) the poem in not only about external beauty but also the inside of a person 2. (c) her real looks/beauty 3. (b) very upset Second option 1. (b) just before his death 2. (a) hunting 3. (c) became more self-centred 13. (B) 1. Mrs Elizabeth Jordan speaks these lines. 2. The speaker objects to the verse suggested by Henry Slater. 3. The phrase sacred to we sounds incorrect. Moreover it does not refer to their love for him, his qualities and what a heavy loss they have suffered. 14. (a) The frogs joy was sweet because he was earning a lot of money as fee and acclaim. He was feeling elated to enjoy the fun at the expense of the nightingale. His joy was bitter because he was jealous of the nightingales fame. His own singing had never been appreciated. (b) The terrible fish aptly symbolizes the decaying beauty and lack of charm of a middle-aged woman. The fish is described as terrible to suggest the ugly hideous face of an old woman. The poetic device used here is a metaphor. (c) The narrator gets to know about the responsiblities of the two boys when he goes to the hospital with them. The boys do not talk of their problems. They carry out their responsibilities silently. The nurse tells the narrator about the boys and their sister who is ill. (d) When Loona Bimberton came to know that Mrs Packletide had killed a tiger, she felt very jealous. For many weeks she did not read those magazines in which Mrs Packletides pictures were published. She refused to attend the luncheon party hosted by Mrs Packletide. (e) They change their opinion about the old man. Earlier they called him honourable and thoughtful, now they feel cheated and deprived of their likely inheritence. Ben calls him the drunken old beggar. Mrs Jordan thinks he has done it on purpose, just to annoy him. Mrs Slater considers it swindling. 15. First Option Friday 5 April 20XX Today something unexpected happened. I could never ever imagine that people had so much faith in my good nature that they would entrust their lifes saving into my hands and that too for a minor favour in return. Well, the ways of human heart are unscrutable. Old Ali it was who confided in me and handed me five golden guineas. He called on God as witness and asked me to do a little favour. I was to put Miriams letter on his grave whenever it arrived. Perhaps the old man had anticipated his death. He asserted that it was his last day but he had not seen his daughter Miriam or had any letter from her for the last five years.

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This reminded me of the barbs that the postmen and clerks used to direct at Ali and have fun. They would consider him mad and call his name aloud. They enjoyed his reaction as he jumped up from his seat and came to the door. Perhaps they lacked sympathy and understanding. They did not realise how their fun would hurt the feelings of an anxious and lonely father. They considered him mad. Even the postmaster called him a pest and lost temper at him. The letter for coachman Ali did arrive at last but also he is no more there to receive it. I have the responsibility of delivering it to him at his grave now and Ill not fail in my duty. Second Option The two boysNicola and Jacopo are shabbily dressed. Even the cautious driver of the narrator shrugged his shoulders to convey his disapproval of their shabby appearance. As we go through the story, we discover a whole range of noble qualities in the two boys and concur with the observation that appearances are deceptive. We come to know that the two boys belonged to a good family. They were quite rich earlier. Then came the war. They host their father and their house. Their sister fell ill. They joined the resistance movement against Germans. When the war was over, they returned to their sister who was suffering from tuberculosis of spine. They got her admitted to hospital. For the last one year, they had been working hard to make payments for her stay in the hospital. During these twelve months she had made steady progress. The boys faced their sudden poverty bravely. They worked hard in every possible manner to overcome their difficulties. Besides being hard working they were self respecting too. They never talked about their problems to anyone. They carried out their responsibilities bravely and without complaining. Thus instead of breaking down under the difficulties, they tried their best to overcome them. Though shabby in appearance, they have a heart of gold.

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PRACTICE PAPER5
SECTIONA (READING)
1. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) (j) 2. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 3. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. weavers morning form addressed query stages time-periods senility blue purple cover it is simple they receive the pure air of heaven they cheer the mind and raise the spirit one can unbend the mind by pleasant conversation having life (c) (b) (d) (b) (a) (c) (b) (d) (c) (a) on a pleasure trip there were Durga Puja holidays a very large procession following a big idol the devotion and faith of the worshippers of Goddess Durga great respect and admiration the world was painfully disturbed then proved to be temporary events peace would prevail and happiness would increase final a short period of time between past and future acts of savagery

SECTIONB (WRITING)
5. CHANGING TASTES OF MUSIC LOVERS The sales record of the shop shows that Indian classical music is the least popular among music lovers. More records of classical music and Western music are sold than the cassettes. Western music holds a slight edge over the classical music. Its popularity increases as the spring month of March comes. Indian film music is loved most by the music lovers as is evident from the sale of records and cassettes in the three months under review. During January and February it was at least 13 times more popular than Indian classical music and 7 times more than Western music. However, in March the popularity ratio fell down to 7 and 5 respectively.

6. St Francis School Daman 19 August 20XX Dear Sister I have just returned from New Delhi after visiting an International Book Fair. For the first

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time in my life I had the opportunity to see books on different subjects and languages catering to the tastes and requirements of different age-groups and mental attainment. The leading publishers of the world had displayed their books at this exhibition. The seminars and shows held in the afternoon highlighted the salient features of the publications to interested parties. Since we were interested in computers and internet, our vice-principal took us to the illustrated discourse on information technology. In the evening the theatres at the Pragati Maidan offered live dance, drama and music shows. Since the exhibition opened only after lunch, we decided to utilise the mornings in visiting the other places of historical and cultural importance in Delhi. We began with the Red Fort, moved on to Jama Masjid and Gandhi Smriti and Rajghat. Then we went to the Zoo at Old Fort and also visited Humayuns tomb. Our next trip was to the Qutub at Mehrauli. The Railway Museum, Appu Ghar, Dolls House and the imposing structures of Parliament House and Rashtrapati Bhawan filled us with awe and wonder. The Laser Beam Show on the lawns near the India Gate illuminated the sky and recaptured the glory of our achievements in various fields. The sports lovers visited the Indira Gandhi Indoor Stadium, Talkatora Gardens, J.L. Nehru Stadium as well as the Buddha Jayanti Park. In short, the trip was highly entertaining and rewarding. Ill cherish its memory for long times to come. Convey my regards to all. Yours affectionately Varun 7. Respected teachers and dear friends! October 1 has been declared as the International Day for Older Persons. Let us observe the day not as a ritual, but our social obligation towards them. This year also happens to be the International year of older persons. Ill pose certain questions to this assembly and hope you will think about them: Are the capitals senior citizens any better off because of the day and the year devoted to them? Do they feel more secure because of the various schemes launched for them? Let us consider the statistics. Over the years the population of the older persons is increasing. The 1991 census revealed that the 60 + population has trebled that of 1951, although there is only a slight increase of 1.3% in the total population. However, with a 0.9% increase, the rise in 2001 is about 20 millions. The alarming situation is projected for 2016 when the population of 60 + will just double that prevalent in 1991. These statistics force us to ponder over the problems of the old and aged. These are financial security, health care, nutrition, shelter, protection of life and property. The government has provided certain concessions and facilities to older people. For example there are travel related concessions for journey in Indian Railways, Indian Airlines and State Transport Corporations. The income tax department allows special rebate to the senior citizens. As a part of the national social assistance programme old age pension is being provided to more than four million destitute elderly persons all over the country. The worst problem of the aged is loneliness and boredom. Since they are unable to undertake physical work and are cut off from children because of the nuclear families, time hangs heavy on them. They need company and preferably people of their own age-group. To cater to this requirement 234 old age homes and 398 day care centres are being supported by the government. Forty mobile medical units are providing help and guidance in health related problems. Health care is also being provided to the older persons through Bhavishya Arogya Mediclaim and Rural Group Life Insurance Schemes. All these schemes appear good on paper. There is a vast gap between what is proposed and what exists. For example, even now more than 20 per cent persons murdered in the capital are senior citizens. They are soft targets for criminals because they are trustful as well as dependant

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on hired servants. Let us not neglect these older persons who devoted their prime for our development. We should spare some time and listen to them. Remember, elderly people are a reservoir of experience. Let us give them love, care, respect and attention. If we are able to do so, then I think well observe the International Day for Older Persons in true spirit. Thanks.

SECTIONC (GRAMMAR)
8. (a) 3. Which way did he (c) 4. What did you do then 9. (a) 2. have (e) 1. for (b) 2. them (f) 4. survival (b) 1. How was that train (d) 2. How did you feel (c) 3. out (g) 4. were (b) was suspended (d) was arrested (d) 2. like (h) 2. in

10. (a) have become (c) was organised 11. (a) (b) (c) (d)

Technological changes are sweeping the world. Timely measures can make everyday living secure and happy. Misfortunes may occur due to various factors. You can minimize the impact of uncertain events through risk management. (b) if he knew whether the train was on time (d) that he hoped it was on time

12. (a) where he was going (c) that it was to arrive at 10 p.m.

SECTIOND (LITERATURE)
13. (A) First option 1. (a) crystal-clear 2. (a) it has no preconceived notions 3. (a) reflects exactly what it sees without any bias Second option 1. (d) her shot had missed the tiger and hit the goat 2. (b) they were anxious to get the money promised to them 3. (c) she was a paid companion and no one would believe her 13. (B) 1. Abel Merryweather speaks these lines. These are addressed to his daughter, Mrs Elizabeth Jordan. 2. At first Mrs Jordan asked her father if he was keeping quite well. When she did not get a specific reply, she repeated the question. This led the old man to make a lengthy but humorous remark. 3. He asserts that he is all right. He can lay a bet that he wont be the first to die in the family. He points out that it is Henry who does not look quite healthy. 14. (a) She is searching for the beauty and grace she had when she was younger. (b) Shakespeare asserts that the sonnet he was written for his friend will outlive marble statues and gold-plated monuments. He will live in the eyes of his lovers till the day of judgement. (c) The narrator did not want to hurt the feelings of the self-respecting boys. They did not talk of their problems or responsibilities to the narrator. He thought that the boys would prefer to keep their secret. (d) Mrs Packletide and Loona Bimberton felt jealous of each other. After shooting the tiger, Packletide gave a luncheon party in honour of Loona. Her real motive was to gain publicity as an adventure-lover. Loona realised this. She declined to attend the party out of jealousy.

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(e) The slippers-episode plays an important role in the drama. It brings out the negative qualities of Amelia Slaterher greediness, acquisitiveness and cunning. Her husband, Henry Slater is weak and spinelessa hen-pecked husband who submits to every command of his wife. 15. First Option This morning I was the first to come to the post office at 5 oclock in the morning. I saw that the postmaster had flung the door wide open. He cried come in, brother Ali and tried to hand him a letter. I found no one there so I asked him who that person had been and if that was old Ali. The postmaster took no notice of my searching questions. He was staring with wide-open eyes at the doorway. He was wondering where Ali could have gone. Then he admitted that he had been speaking to Ali. I told him that old Ali was dead and asked him to give me that letter. He did feel convinced. A postman who had just arrived confirmed that Ali had died three months ago. The postmaster was bewildered. Miriams letter was still lying near the door. Alis image was still before his eyes. Then I narrated to him the last interview I had with old Ali. The postmaster was still unconvinced. He could not doubt the reality of the knock on the door and tears in Alis. He was perplexedwhether he had really seen Ali or his imagination had deceived him. Finally, I used my trump card to convince him, I asked him to accompany me to Alis grave and let me perform my duty and fulfil my promise to deliver his letter to his grave. Perhaps this argument convinced him that Ali could not have come there. Second Option Saki creates humour by depicting the frivolous attitude to life of the ladies of upper class of society in England during the nineteenth century. Aviation was in its in fancy then. An aeroplane ride by a lady was indeed a marvel-as it involved great risk. The streak of jealousy in Mrs Packletide led her to plan a tiger hunt to assert her superiority as a greater adventure lover. However, all seriousness ends here. She offers money for an opportunity of safe and risk-free tiger hunt. The greedy villagers grab the offer of one thousand rupees and select an old and weak tiger for the hunt. It is so weak that it has given up big-game killing. Cheap goats are thrown to keep it alive. On the might of the tiger hunt, Mrs Packletide sits on the platform with her paid companion, Mrs Louisa Mebbin. They have guns in hand but they have playing cards as well as. They play patience to while away the time. The tiger arrives, but he does not pounce upon the prey. He waits. Mrs Packletide fires a shot. But her shot hits the goat. The tiger dies of heart failure. Mrs Packletide feels happy that she has killed the tiger. The villagers connive at the fiction because they are interested in their 1000 rupees. Louisa Mebbin knows the truth. She blackmails Mrs Packletide and she has to offer her a huge at the vanity of cashrich idle ladies having false sense of honour.

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