1.

Which combination of factors contributed most to the start of the Great Depression of the 1930s? a. immigration restrictions and lack of skilled workers b. high taxes and overspending on social welfare programs c. United States war debts and the declining value of the dollar d. overproduction and the excessive use of credit e. government intervention of business and excessive taxes The clash between FDR and the United States Supreme Court over New Deal laws best illustrates the operation of a. federalism b. due process c. checks and balances d. the two-party system e. representative socialism The National Industrial Recovery Act and the National Labor Relations Act are often cited as evidence that New Deal legislation a. tried to keep the costs of labor down b. sympathized with the interests of workers c. blamed unions for slowing economic recovery d. favored management over unions e. established policies and procedure for effective labor strikes An immediate effect of the Lend-Lease program was that a. Western Europe recovered from the damage caused by WWI b. the Soviet Union formed the Warsaw Pact c. Japan declared war against the United States d. the depression in the United States came to an immediate halt e. the United States provided critical aid to Great Britain and the Soviet Union The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941 is an illustration of the a. impact a single event can have on public opinion in a time of crisis b. effectiveness of a policy of appeasement in stopping aggression c. success of the pacifist movement in the United States d. role of communism as a negative influence in global affairs e. weaken state of American military due to the Great Depression Which congressional action not only raised money for World War II but also contributed to the national debt? a. requiring employers to withhold taxes from workers paychecks b. raising income tax rates c. selling war bonds d. enacting wage and price controls e. participating the cash and carry program a. b. c. d. e.

7.

Which would be the most appropriate entry for line D in the list below a. The Cold War at home A. The McCarthy hearings B. Alger Hiss case C. HUAC D. __________________ a. b. c. d. e. Labor unrest Racial segregation Wage and price controls Consumerism Loyalty oaths

2.

8.

3.

Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal. -Brown v. Board of Education The effect of this Supreme Court ruling was to a. establish affirmative action programs in higher education b. require the integration of public schools c. desegregate the armed forces and the military academies d. force states to spend an equal amount of cash on each public school student e. allow cities to have similar governmental structures 9. In a farewell message to the American public, President Eisenhower warned of the growth of the Militaryindustrial complex. This term refers to the a. influence of defense contractors on Congress b. threat from the Soviet Army c. internal danger from Communist spies d. economys dependence on oil imported from the Middle East e. beginning of a major depression in the United States

4.

5.

10. President Eisenhowers modern Republicanism can best be described as a. a return to the economic policies of Coolidge and Hoover b. a general acceptance of the New Deal programs and a balanced budget c. an effort to shift taxes from the wealthy to lower income Americans d. opposition to all liberal causes, including civil rights e. the return of social and welfare programs to the states 11. John Foster Dulles new look to U.S. foreign policy included all of the following EXCEPT taking Communist nations to brink of war to force them to back down threatening massive retaliation with nuclear weapons to prevent Soviet aggression supporting the liberation of captive nations recognizing the Communist government of China reducing conventional forces of the U.S. Army and Navy

6.

12. U.S. intervention in Iran in 1953 and Guatemala in 1954 are examples of a. The use of covert action by the CIA b. The application of the Eisenhower Doctrine c. U.S. efforts to stop the proliferation of nuclear weapons d. The use of U.S. troops to support democratic governments e. The policy of brinkmanship

18. The U.S. during the years of Eisenhower were characterized by a. Decreased spending for defense b. Breakup of conglomerates c. Increased tension between Protestants, Catholics, and Jews d. Increased middle-class affluence e. Radical protests on college campuses 19. In combating the depression, President Herbert Hoover favored all of the following EXCEPT a. federal relief programs for the unemployed b. state and local relief programs c. business maintaining wages and employment d. private volunteer efforts e. emergency financing for banks and railroads 20. The New Deal brought sweeping changes in American politics and society. Each of the following actions supports this statement EXCEPT a. Roosevelts use of federal deficit spending b. A majority of African Americans voting for Democratic candidates c. Passage of the Social Security Act d. Increased spending by consumers e. Increased power of labor unions 21. The New Deal legislation that has had the widest impact over the past 60 years is the a. Wagner Act b. National Industrial Recovery Act (NRA) c. Banking Act (FDIC) d. National Housing Act (FHA) e. Social Security Act 22. Economic indicators during Hoovers presidency reached new lows. Which of these indicators went UP instead of down? a. farm prices b. unemployment c. national income d. GNP e. earnings 23. Of the following, the greatest threat to Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal was a. Huey Long b. A. Phillip Randolph c. Father Coughlin d. Mary McLeod Bethune e. Herbert Hoover 24. Which of the following pairs of people is closely identified with the bonus march? a. Herbert Hover and Douglas MacArthur b. Franklin Roosevelt and Eleanor Roosevelt c. Harry Hopkins and Frances Perkins d. John L. Lewis and John Maynard Keynes e. Alf Landon and Al Smith

13. We declare that however acute the two systems the

socialist and the capitalist we must solve questions in dispute among states not by war, but by diplomatic negotiation. This statement by Nikita Khrushchev in 1957 expressed the idea of a. massive retaliation b. de-Stalinization c. inevitability of the triumph of communism d. peaceful coexistence e. cultural revolution 14. Which of the following represented a major crisis during Eisenhowers presidency? a. Cuban missile crisis b. Invasion of South Korea c. Spirit of Camp David d. British, French, and Israeli invasion of Egypt e. Blockade of Berlin 15. In the case of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, the Supreme Court ruled that a. Segregated facilities must be equal b. African Americans and whites must have equal access to public transportation c. Racially segregated schools are inherently unequal and unconstitutional d. Nonviolent protests are protected by the First Amendment e. Voting rights must apply equally to whites and African Americans 16. The Montgomery bus boycott and Greensboro lunch counter sit-ins are examples of a. Enforcement by the Justice Department of the Brown decision b. President Eisenhowers use of federal troops to end segregation c. Court-initiated efforts to end racial discrimination d. Failures of nonviolent direct action by the NAACP e. Protests against segregation coming from the African American community 17. During the 1950s, all of the following contributed to a more homogeneous culture EXCEPT a. Building of the interstate highway system b. The soil-bank program c. Television programming d. Spread of franchise operations e. Growth of the suburbs

25. All of the following were passed or created by Congress during the second New Deal EXCEPT a. the Social Security Act b. the Wagner Act c. the Works Progress Administration d. the Resettlement Administration e. the National Recovery Administration 26. All of the following played a role in causing the Great Depression EXCEPT a. uneven distribution of wealth b. weak farm economy c. overproduction of consumer goods d. low tariffs e. practice of buying stocks with borrowed money 27. The New Deal implemented theories of John Maynard Keynes that stressed the importance of a. a balanced federal budget b. deficit spending for pump priming c. a laissez-faire policy toward business d. trickle-down economic theory e. high-tariff protectionism 28. In response to conservative rulings of the Supreme Court, President Roosevelt took action that resulted in a. his first major legislative defeat b. passage of a law recognizing the judicial branch c. his reelection in 1936 d. New Deal laws being declared unconstitutional e. Enactment of legislation known as the third New Deal 29. U.S. economic expansion after WWII was encouraged by all of the following EXCEPT a. Office of Price Administration b. Veterans loans c. Increased savings from the war years d. High demand for consumer goods e. Increase in per capita income 30. President Trumans domestic policies included support for all of the following EXCEPT a. a full-employment bill b. increase in the minimum wage c. national health care insurance d. desegregating the armed forces e. the Taft-Hartley Act 31. Which of the following was NOT a major issue between the Soviet Union and the U.S. in the postwar years 19451950? a. establishment in Communist governments in Eastern Europe b. occupation zones in Japan c. access to Berlin d. Marshall Plan aid e. Development and control of atomic weapons

32. In these circumstances, it is clear that the main element of any United States policy toward the Soviet Union must be that of a long-term, patient, but firm and vigilant containment of Russian expansive tendencies. It is important to note, however, that such a policy has nothing to do with outward histrionics, with threats or blustering or superfluous gestures of outward toughness. a. President Roosevelts speech at the Yalta conference b. Winston Churchills Iron Curtain speech c. George Marshalls introduction to his Marshall Plan d. George Kennans article, the Sources of Soviet Conduct e. General MacArthurs letter to Congressman Joseph Martin 33. The Primary purpose of the Marshall Plan was to a. end the rift between the U.S. and the Soviet Union b. establish a uniform world currency c. aid the economic recovery of war-devastated Europe d. set up a military alliance of anticommunist nations e. hinder the economic recover of nations under Soviet control 34. Which U.S. action is NOT correctly paired with an event in international politics? a. airlift Soviet blockade of Berlin b. troops sent to Korea Churchills Iron Curtain speech c. Truman Doctrine civil war in Greece d. Marshall Plan growing popularity of communism in Western Europe e. Development of hydrogen bomb A-bomb tested in Soviet Union 35. Which of the following was NOT an issue during the Korean War? a. whether to expand the war by attacking China b. whether North Korea had committed aggression c. whether Congress should have declared war d. the removal of General Douglass MacArthur e. the policies of containment and limited war 36. Which of the following contributed the LEAST to the growth of the Red Scare in the 1950s? a. loss of atomic bomb secrets to the Soviets b. Army-McCarthy hearings c. Alger Hiss case d. Fall of China to the Communists e. Investigations by the House Un-American Activities Committee 37. Which of the following BEST describes Trumans foreign policy from 1945 to 1952? a. reluctance to involve the United States in foreign conflicts b. willingness to negotiate differences with the Soviet Union

c. aggressive use of U.S. troops in Europe and Asia d. commitment to containing Communist challenges e. extending foreign aid only with U.N. approval 38. A principal reason for defeat of most Fair Deal programs was a. opposition by Republicans in Congress b. outbreak of the Second Red Scare c. McCarthys accusations d. Trumans lack of experience in domestic policy e. Deweys speeches in the election of 1948

c. providing financial compensation for victims of discrimination d. placing Japanese Americans in internment camps e. drafting men into the armed services in peacetime

39. Which of the following phrases accurately describes

Franklin Roosevelts good-neighbor policy? a. search for improved relations with Canada b. abandonment of the Open Door Policy in China c. U.S. pledge not to intervene in Latin America d. Diplomatic recognition of the Soviet Union e. Commitment to the democracies of Europe

45. Consequences of Trumans decision to use the atomic bomb against Japan included all of the following EXCEPT a. the surrender of Japan b. the end of WWII c. full-scale invasion of Japan by U.S. troops d. destruction of two Japanese cities e. the deaths of thousands of civilians 46. At which of the following did Stalin agree to hold free elections in the countries of Eastern Europe? a. London b. Casablanca c. Teheran d. Yalta e. San Francisco 47. Which is an accurate characterization of how U.S. foreign policy changed from 1938 to 1941? a. from neutrality to support for Britain b. from isolationism to neutrality c. from intervention in Latin America to the goodneighbor policy d. from hostility to Japan to diplomatic efforts to appease Japanese e. from pro-German policies to anti-Japanese policies 48. From 1942 to 1945, the U.S. was allied with a. Great Britain only b. Great Britain and the Soviet Union c. France, Spain, and the Soviet Union d. Italy and Great Britain e. No other nation 49. Of the following, the one with the most far-reaching influence on American societys development in the postWWII period was the a. GI Bill b. Baby boom c. Taft-Hartley Act d. Fair Deal Program e. Employment Act 50. In the 1920s and 1930s, isolationists often cited the words and warnings of a. James Madison b. James Monroe c. George Washington d. Theodore Roosevelt e. Woodrow Wilson

40. United States participation in the United Nations and the

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) after World War II demonstrated that the United States a. recognized the importance of international cooperation b. returned to the policy it followed after World War I c. believed in the principle of hemispheric isolation d. embraced a postwar policy of strict neutrality Americans e. replace racial segregation with an integrated society 41. Which of the following was an expression of isolationism in the 1930s? a. Roosevelts quarantine speech b. The good-neighbor policy c. The Nye Committee d. Recognition of the Soviet Union e. cash and carry policy 42. In the 1930s, the foreign policies of Japan and the U.S. were chiefly in conflict over a. U.S. control of the Philippines b. Japanese invasion of China c. U.S. isolationism d. Ideological differences e. Internment of Japanese Americans

43. On the WWII home front, U.S. involvement brought

about a. increased labor violence b. increased spending on consumer goods c. increased employment for women d. strict limits on corporate profits e. an end to deficit spending by the federal government 44. In Korematsu v. U.S. the Supreme Court upheld the governments practice of a. placing quotas on Japanese immigration b. embargoing trade with Japan

55. This African-American labor leader demanded equal employment opportunities for blacks during World War II. a. A. Phillip Randolph b. Marcus Garvey c. W.E.B. Dubois d. Martin Luther King Jr. e. Jesse Jackson UNEMPLOYMENT STATISTICS, 1929-1939 Total Labor Numbered Percent Year Force Unemployed Unemployed --------------------------------------------------------------------------1929 49,180,000 1,550,000 3.2 1930 49,820,000 4,340,000 8.7 1931 50,420,000 8,020,000 15.9 1932 51,000,000 12,060,000 23.6 1933 51,590,000 12,830,000 24.9 1934 52,230,000 11,340,000 21.7 1935 52,870,000 10,610,000 20.1 1936 53,440,000 9,030,000 16.9 1937 54,000,000 7,700,000 14.3 1938 54,610,000 10,390,000 19.0 1939 55,230,000 9,480,000 17.2 --------------------------------------------------------------------------51. These unemployment statistics indicate that a. the number of new jobs grew by 17.2 percent over the decade b. Hoover's second term was the worst period of the Depression c. New Deal programs helped to counter the effects of the Depression, but did not end them. d. the use of Keynesian economics brought the United States out of the Depression. e. the economy went downhill after the NRA was declared unconstitutional. 52. The United States during World War II adopted all of the following strategies EXCEPT a. unconditional surrender b. an eventual second front by invading Europe c. victory in the European area first. d. Island hopping in the Pacific Theater. e. use of the atomic bomb on Germany 53. During World War II, women did all of the following EXCEPT a. work in factories. b. reaffirm traditional patterns for women's lives. c. establish themselves as a vital part of the economy. d. participate in the war effort. e. define a new role in society. 54. One of the most important domestic results of the war effort was a. complete employment for minority Americans. b. the end of discrimination for African Americans. c. the revitalization of the Federal Reserve System and the Securities and Exchange System. d. the swift ending of the Great Depression e. stemming the tide of Japanese advances in the Pacific 56. Which of the following was agreed to at the Yalta Conference (1945) a. the invasion of Sicily. b. the establishment of a Council of Foreign Ministers to draft peace treaties. c. a commitment to open a second front in France. d. an agreement to divide Germany into four military zones. e. the Soviet Union agreed to enter the war against Japan once Germany was defeated. 57. The mood of the "Beat Generation" is best reflected in which of the following? a. Jack Kerouac's On the Road. b. F. Scott Fitzgerald's This Side of Paradise. c. Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman. d. J. D. Sallinger's Catcher in the Rye. e. James Joyce's Ulysses. 58. Issued by President Roosevelt in 1941, Executive Order No. 8802 a. fully integrated the United States armed forces. b. assisted blacks attempting to move out of the South c. required defense industries to make jobs available without discrimination based on race, creed, color, or national origin. d. required the automobile industries to make jobs unavailable to non-Americans e. segregated Americans of German and Italian descent 59. The most likely explanation for the decline in unemployment between 1940 and 1941 is a. The new deal public works projects b. That fewer people were looking for jobs c. Mobilization of industry for world war 2 d. That more women were going into the labor market e. The 1940 presidential election 60. As we went through the gate, the first thing that met my eyes was a pile of forty or fifty dead men, piled four or five deep, like cordwood.This pile of bodies was by no means normal.They killed more than they could burn because the Americans were coming The author was describing This author was describing the a. Japanese prisoner of war camps b. aftermath of the Battle of the Bulge c. Nazi concentration camps d. Headquarters of Hitler in Berlin e. The consequences of the Rape of Nanking

63. In the 1930s, one factor that accounted for the westward migration of farmers from the Great Plains was a. high farm prices b. new technologies c. the dust bowl d. the baby boom e. barbed wire

61. To try correct the problem shown in the cartoon, President Franklin D. Roosevelt proposed a. increasing the number of justices on the Supreme Court b. raising the salaries of federal judges c. reducing the Supreme Courts use of judicial review d. exercising his veto power over Supreme Court e. altering the Constitution to rebalance the checks and balances clause 62. I walked in there, in my overalls, and suddenly all the machines stopped and every guy in the shop just turned around and looked at me. It tooktwo weeks before anyone even talked to me. The discrimination was indescribable. They wanted to kill meAnyway, eventually some of the men became very friendly, particularly the older ones.They were sort of fatherly, protective. The World War II experience described above was the a. advancements of technology during WWII b. interment of Japanese-Americans c. intolerance German-Americans faced d. rapid integration of the armed forces e. resistance to women workers

64. This poster was used during WWII to a. encourage citizens to volunteer to serve in the Armed forces b. remind citizens not to be wasteful during the war c. promote the sale of war bonds d. encourage women to seek jobs in war-related industries e. establish a civil service awareness neighbor program 65. FDR and Churchill issued this 1941 statement that declared that both nations would support selfdetermination, freedom of the seas, joint disarmament, and territorial integrity for all after World War II ended. a. Atlantic Charter b. Potsdam Conference c. Executive Order 9099 d. Yalta Agreement e. Missouri Agreement 66. The Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 represented a significant change in policy because it a. divided Indian lands into individual plots b. weakened the legal basis for tribal sovereignty

c. d. e.

undercut existing barriers to the exploitation of Native Americans expanded the role of Bureau of Indian Affairs ended the governments allotment policy

d. e.

The colonies Europeans had had in the Western Hemisphere were forever lost The United States would not involve itself in the affairs of European nations

70. In Marbury V. Marbury, Chief Justice John Marshall

argued successfully that the Supreme Court could a. remove federal officials who would not or could not perform their duties b. determine cases involving interstate commerce c. decide whether debts should be considered in contracts d. declare federal laws unconstitutional e. uphold the authority of the federal government over the states 71. When President Taft called for dollar diplomacy, he advocated a. that American businessmen should invest in underdeveloped countries rather than lend those countries U.S. dollars b. that American government money be loaned to underdeveloped countries c. purchasing foreign-owned territories d. the rejection of the Open Door Policy e. encouraging foreign exports by reducing tariffs 72. Thomas Paines Common Sense a. was a call for the abolition of slavery b. insisted that the British allow the colonies to elect their own representatives to Parliament. c. Criticized the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation d. Blamed George III for the colonies problems and urged Americans to declare their independence e. Demanded that a strong executive be included in the constitution 73. After the Civil War, the practice of sharecropping a. Turned African-Americans into a labor force with housing and supplies provided by white planters b. Taught African-Americans and whites to work together as farmers c. Made it possible for African Americans to save enough money to buy their own farms d. Required African Americans to form groups to work as gang labor e. Forced African Americans to migrate to the north 74. The principle of freedom of the press in colonial America was established by the a. Articles of Confederation b. Bill of Rights c. Virginia House of Burgesses d. Trial of Peter Zenger e. Mayflower Compact 75. The Espionage Act (1917) and the Sedition Act (1918) were used by President Woodrow Wilsons administration during World War I to a. discourage congressional support for the war effort

67. In this cartoon, the main idea is that after World War II, many women might a. insist that men be given back their pre-World War II jobs b. demand the right to serve in future combat c. resist a return to their traditional role as homemakers d. demand the right to vote and to seek public office e. go to Europe and help rebuild it

68. Which of the planks from the 1892 Populist Party

platform showed a concern with issues raised by organized labor? a. Graduated income tax b. Restrictions on immigration c. Government ownership of railroads d. Unlimited coinage of silver e. Direct election of senators 69. The Monroe Doctrine stated all of the following policies EXCEPT a. North and South America were no longer open to European colonization b. Existing colonies would not be bothered by the United States c. The United States would intervene in the problems of South American countries had with other nations

b. c. d. e.

place German Americans in internment camps remove Communists from government positions silence critics of the war effort conscript men into armed services Extra Credit E1) Shadow discovered Sandy lying on her side in a puddle of water and broken glass. When the doctor arrived he pronounced her dead. Since Sandy had no cuts on her body, how did she die? E1) Sandy died of suffocation. Sandy is a goldfish whos fishbowl was knocked over. E2) Mel Colly stared through the dirty soot-smeared window on the 26th floor of the office tower. Overcome with depression he slid the window open and jumped through it. It was sheer drop outside the building to the ground. Miraculously after he landed he was completely unhurt. Since there was nothing to cushion his fall of slow his descent, how could he have survived? E2) Mel Colly was so sick and tired of washing windows, he opened the window and jumped inside E3) NASA was considering sending canaries into space to study them under zero gravity. The project was scrapped when someone realized that in spite of having sufficient water supply, the canaries could die of dehydration within a few hours. Why? E3) Birds, unlike humans, need gravity to swallow. E4) Professor Quantum answered his phone to hear an excited Professor Beaker telling him about his amazing invention. Quantum, you wont believe what Ive just discovered! Ive developed a liquid that is so powerful it will dissolve anything! Do you realize the benefits of such a product? It will turn the industrial world on its ear! For a few grand Ill cut you 40% of the action. Quantum replied, Theres no doubt in my mind of the value of such a product, but before I invest any money I would want to see proof of your claims and of course, run a few tests of my own. No problem, responded beaker, Ill bring a half liter of liquid in a few minutes. Quantum sighed and replied, On second thought Im not interested. Why would he lose interest in such a valuable product? E4) Professor Beaker could not have brought a sample over, since no container could hold a liquid that would dissolve anything

76. Which heading would be most appropriate for the outline below? I.__________________________________ A. Congress passes the Alien and Sedition Acts. B. President Abraham Lincoln suspends habeas corpus. C. President Franklin D. Roosevelt orders internment of Japanese Americans. D. Senator Joseph McCarthy begins hearings on identifying Communists. a. b. c. d. e. Changes in Economic Policy Federalism and the Constitution Checks and Balances at Work Examples of Nativism Threats to Civil Liberties

77. The main reason for the passage of the Homestead Act in 1862 was to provide for a. farms on the Great Plains b. national parks c. irrigation of desert lands d. reservations for Native American Indians e. 40 acres and mule for former slaves 78. According to the theory of laissez-faire capitalism, prices of products are determined by the a. interaction of supply and demand b. cost of producing the products c. government d. bankers e. high tariffs and taxes 79. The creation of the first political parties in the United States resulted from a controversy over a. declaring independence from Great Britain b. recognizing womens equality c. expanding slavery into the newly acquired territories d. the election of George Washington as the first President e. interpreting the Constitution 80. The great rule of conduct for us in regard to foreign nations is, in extending our commercial relations to have with them as little political connection as possible. George Washington, Farewell Address, 1796 According to President Washington, the interests of the United States would be best served by a. placing tariffs on imported goods b. forming military alliances with other nations c. avoiding trade agreements with foreign nations d. maintaining a foreign policy based on neutrality e. balancing the budget with foreign trade