Trace of a matrix The trace of a square matrix Theorem 4 The sum of the eigen values of a square matrix is its

trace. To prove theorem 4: Theorem 2 is defined as the sum of its diagonal elements.

Let us compare the diagonal elements to AB and BA and see if sum is the same AB

That is

BA

That is

(II)

We compare (I) and (II):

(II)

Looking at first row for (I) and first column for (II) we see they are equal Looking at second row for (I) and second column for (II) we see they are equal . Looking at last row for (I) and last column for (II) we see they are equal

Illustration

Let

) and

and

of the corresponding elements of of the corresponding elements of ( )( ) and .

Theorem 3

Proof [ [ Proved. If D is eigenvalues on the diagonal and A is the matrix which has the given eigenvalues (this is defined in elementary linear algebra chapter 6.2 elementary linear algebra) then: ] ] [ ] by theorem 2