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CS2358-INTERNET PROGRAMMING LAB 1.

HTML PAGES WITH FRAMES, LINKS, TABLES


AIM: The aim is to create a HTML with frames, links, tables and other tags. DESCRIPTION: FRAMES: <frame> It is a HTML tag that can be fixed to divide the page into several rectangular areas and to display a separate document in each rectangle. Each of those rectangles are called frames. Can display more than one HTML document in the some browser window Each frame is independent of the other. The <frameset> tag defines how to divide the window into frame. LINKS: A link is the address to a document<or a resource on the web. Syntax: <a href=url> Link That</a> <a> --- Anchor element: It is used to define both hyperlinks and anchors. The href attribute: Defines the link address The a element defines a link to url

FRAMESET:

TABLES: The <table> tag is used to define a table Divided into rows with <tr> Each row is divided into data cells with <td> Data cell can be

Text Images lists paragraphs forms horizontal Rules Tables Example: <table border="1" cellpadding="10"> <tr> <td>First</td> <td>Row</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Second</td> <td>Row</td> </tr> </table> LISTS: HTML supports, Ordered Unordered Definition lists. <ul> is used for unordered lists. The list are marked with bullets. Example: <ul> <li>Coffee</li> <li>Tea</li>

Unordered Lists:

<li>Milk</li> </ul> ORDERED LISTS: <ol> is used for ordered lists. The list items are marked with numbers. Example: <ol type="A"> <li>Apples</li> <li>Bananas</li> <li>Lemons</li> <li>Oranges</li> </ol> DEFINITION LISTS: It is a list of items with a description of each item. It starts with tag <dl> Each terms starts with tag<dt> Each description starts with <dd>

Example: <dl> <dt>Coffee</dt> <dd>Black hot drink</dd> <dt>Milk</dt> <dd>White cold drink</dd> </dl>

2. HTML WITH INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL CSS AIM: The aim is to use internal and external CSS along with HTML pages. DESCRIPTION: CSS has been added to HTML to give web developers To get more control over their design and content layout. To create a standard set of commands to control the styles of all the subsequent pages. Web site designed in the CSS are faster to change and update. Communication among multiple developers easier with CSS.

INSERTING A STYLE SHEET: External Style Sheet Internal Style Sheet Inline Style External Style Sheet: Ideal for cases when the style is applied to many pages. Look of an entire web page/site can be changed by changing one file. Each page must link to the style sheet using the <link> tag The <link> tag goes inside the head section. <head> <link rel=stylesheet type=text/css href=mystyle.css> </head> Internal Style Sheet Should be used when a single document has a unique style Defined in the head section with the <style> tag. <head>

Example:

Example:

<style type=text/css> body{background-color:red} p{margin-left:20px} </style> </head> Inline Style: Should be used when a unique style is to be applied to a single occurrence of an element. Use style attribute can contain any css property. <p style =color:red; margin-left:20px> this is a paragraph<./p> Example:

3.DATE COMPARISION USING JAVA SCRIPT


AIM: To design a HTML page using java script to find difference between two dates. DESCRIPTION: JavaScript is the most popular scripting language on the internet, and works in all major browsers, such as Internet Explorer, Firefox, Chrome, Opera, and Safari. JavaScript was designed to add interactivity to HTML pages. JavaScript is a scripting language. A scripting language is a lightweight programming language. JavaScript is usually embedded directly into HTML pages. JavaScript is an interpreted language (means that scripts execute without preliminary compilation). Everyone can use JavaScript without purchasing a license. JavaScript gives HTML designers a programming tool - HTML authors are normally not programmers, but JavaScript is a scripting language with a very simple syntax! Almost anyone can put small "snippets" of code into their HTML pages JavaScript can put dynamic text into an HTML page - A JavaScript statement like this: document.write("<h1>" + name + "</h1>") can write a variable text into an HTML page

3(b) AIM:

FORM VALIDATION USING JAVA SCRIPT


To design a webpage to validate a form using text field, radio buttons, check boxes.

DESCRIPTION: JavaScript can be used to validate data in HTML forms before sending off the content to a server. Form data that typically are checked by a JavaScript could be:

User left required fields empty. User entered a valid e-mail address. User entered a valid date. User entered text in a numeric field.

Different methods are invoked to validate the fields in the java script respectively. PROCEDURE: 1. Design a page for signup form with rich user interface. 2. Write the java script function to validate all mandatory fields on your web page. 3. Validation should be done after the submit operation. 4. Use appropriate tags to display the contents. 5. Make sure the page is working efficiently

4(a)

ONLINE TICKET RESERVATION SYSTEM USING JSP

AIM: To create an online ticket reservation system using JSP. DESCRIPTION: JSP may be viewed as a high-level abstraction of Java servlets. JSP pages are loaded in the server and operated from a structured special installed Java server packet called a Java EE Web Application, often packaged as a .war or .ear file archive. When a JSP-enabled server receives the first request for a JSP, the JSP container translates that JSP into a Java servlet that handles the current request and future requests to the JSP. If there are any errors compiling the new servlet, these errors result in translationtime errors. The JSP container places the Java statements that implement the JSPs response in method _jspService at translation time. If the new servlet compiles properly, the JSP container invokes method _jspService to process the request. The JSP may respond directly to the request or may invoke other Web application components to assist in processing the request. Any errors that occur during request processing are known as requesttime errors. STANDARD ACTIONS: The actions provide JSP implementors with access to several of the most common tasks performed in a JSP, such as including content from other resources, forwarding requests to other resources and interacting with JavaBeans. JSP containers process actions at request time. Actions are delimited by <jsp:action> and </jsp:action>, where action is the standard action name. In cases where nothing appears between the starting and ending tags, the XML empty element syntax <jsp:action /> can be used. <jsp:include> Action:

JavaServer Pages support two include mechanismsthe <jsp:include> action and the include directive. Action <jsp:include> enables dynamic content to be included in a JavaServer Page. If the included resource changes between requests, the next request to the JSP containing the <jsp:include> action includes the new content of the resource. On the other hand, the include directive copies the content into the JSP once, at JSP translation time. If the included resource changes, the new content will not be reflected in the JSP that used the include directive unless that JSP is recompiled. <jsp:forward> Action: Action <jsp:forward> enables a JSP to forward request processing to a different resource. Request processing by the original JSP terminates as soon as the JSP forwards the request. Action <jsp:forward> has only a page attribute that specifies the relative URI of the resource (in the same Web application) to which the request should be forwarded. <jsp:plugin> Action: Action <jsp:plugin> adds an applet or JavaBean to a Web page in the form of a browser- specific object or embed XHTML element. This action also enables the client to download and install the Java Plug-in if it is not already installed. <jsp:useBean> Action: Action <jsp:useBean> enables a JSP to manipulate a Java object. This action creates a Java object or locates an existing object for use in the JSP. If attributes class and beanName are not specified, the JSP container attempts to locate an existing object of the type specified in attribute type. Like JSP implicit objects, objects specified with action <jsp:useBean> have page, request, session or application scope that indicates where they can be used in a Web application. Objects with page scope are accessible only to the page in which they are defined. Multiple JSP pages potentially can access objects with other scopes. For example, all JSPs that process a single request can access an object with request scope.

SERVLET PROGRAM
To write a servlet program using HTTP Servlet.

AIM: DESCRIPTION: A Servlet is a Java class which conforms to the Java Servlet API, a protocol by which a Java class may respond to http requests. Thus, a software developer may use a servlet to add dynamic content to a Web server using the Java platform. The generated content is commonly HTML, but may be other data such as XML. Servlets are the Java counterpart to non-Java dynamic Web content technologies such as CGI and ASP.NET. Servlets can maintain state in session variables across many server transactions by using HTTP cookies, or URL rewriting. The servlet API, contained in the Java package hierarchy javax.servlet, defines the expected interactions of a Web container and a servlet. Servlet will get the Request/Response objects from the web server and it sends a Modified Response object to server. When a Sevlet Engine receives an HTTP reguest: 1. Engine creates a new instance (object) of class HttpServletRequest. The object supports an interface to read incoming HTTP headers (e.g. cookies) and parameters (e.g. data the user entered and submitted) 2. Engine also creates a new instance (object) of class HttpServletResponce. The object supports an interface to specify the HTTP response line and headers. 3. Engine creates a new instance (object) of a specified sub-class of abstract class HttpServlet. The object supports a number of special methods (e.q. "doGet"). 4. Engine sends "doGet" message to the servlet object with "HttpServletRequest" and "HttpServletResponse" objects as parameters. 5. The servlet object runs the "doGet" method which normally accesses "HttpServletRequest" and "HttpServletResponse" objects.

Generally "httpServletResponse" object supports the following interface for procrssing parameters:

getParameter(key) - takes a parameter name as an argument. This method returns a String if the parameter with the specified name exists, otherwise null is returned. getParameterValues(key) - takes a parameter name as an argument. Generally, a parameter may have multiple values. In that case, the method "getParamete" returns just first value. The method "getParameterValues" returns an array of Strings if the parameter with the specified name exists, otherwise null is returned.

getParameterNames() - returns an iterator over the names of all parameters. Thus, we might use this method get all names of parameters first, and then obtain values of parameters by means of "getParameter/getParameterValues".

PROCEDURE: The General steps to follow in order to run a servlet are: Compile the servlet program using an appropriate compiler version. Copy the resulting .class file to the appropriate directory for your Java-servlet capable web server. (for apache we need to store the .class file in webapps/webinf/classes ) Now we need to link the servlet class file with the server by using web.xml Start / Restart the apache server Navigate to the URL corresponding to your servlet.(http://localhost:8080/filename)

ONLINE BANK APPLICATION WITH DATABASE ACCESS

AIM: To develop an online bank application with database access. DESCRIPTION: JSP LIFE CYCLE

<jsp:useBean> Action: Action <jsp:useBean> enables a JSP to manipulate a Java object. This action creates a Java object or locates an existing object for use in the JSP. If attributes class and beanName are not specified, the JSP container attempts to locate an existing object of the type specified in attribute type. Like JSP implicit objects, objects specified with action <jsp:useBean> have page, request, session or application scope that indicates where they can be used in a Web application. Objects with page scope are accessible only to the page in which they are defined. Multiple JSP pages potentially can access objects with other scopes. For example, all JSPs that process a single request can access an object with request scope.

<jsp:setProperty> tag The <jsp:setProperty> tag sets the value of one or more properties in a JavaBean. In JSP 1.0, you can use <jsp:setProperty> with JavaBeans, but not with enterprise beans. You can get around this limitation, however, by writing a JSP application in which a JSP file sets property values in a JavaBean and the JavaBean in turns calls an enterprise bean. We must use a <jsp:useBean> tag to declare a JavaBean before you use <jsp:setProperty>. Using <jsp:setProperty>, you can set property values in three ways:

By passing all of the values in the request object to matching properties in the Bean By passing a specific value in the request object to a property in the Bean By explicitly setting a Bean property to a specified value or the result of an expression

Class.forName():

when we call forName() method on Class class what happen is1)initially the class is loaded into the memory2)then it calls the static method forName()3)the static forName() method contains a static block.That static block regiser the loaded driver class with the DriverManager class
DriverManager.getConnection(connection_url): Once the JDBC driver class is loaded, you are ready to connect to a SQL Server by using the DriverManager.getConnection(connection_url) method

7 AIM:

SIMPLE XML DOCUMENT

The aim is to create an XML document for education domain and query the XML using XQuery. DESCRIPTION: XML: XML stands for eXtensible Markup Language. XML is designed to transport and store data. XML and HTML were designed with different goals: XML was designed to transport and store data, with focus on what data is. HTML was designed to display data, with focus on how data looks.

XML Tags: XML language has no predefined tags. XML documents must have a root element XML elements must have a closing tag XML tags are case sensitive XML elements must be properly nested XML attribute values must be quoted XML document has to be written with user defined tags<tag name> and ended with </tag name>. It is just pure information wrapped in tags. Someone must write a piece of software to send, receive or display it. XML allows the user to define their own structure for the document.

Example: <subject> Operation Research <credit>4</credit> </subject>

subject and credit are two user defined XML tags.

XQuery: XQuery is to XML what SQL is to database tables. XQuery was designed to query XML data. XQuery Data Types: String Data Type: <customer>John Smith</customer> Decimal Data Type: <prize>999.50</prize> <prize>14</prize> AnyURI Data Type: <pic src="http://www.w3schools.com/images/smiley.gif" /> How to Select Nodes From xml document With FLWOR FLWOR is an acronym for "For, Let, Where, Order by, Return". The for clause selects all book elements under the bookstore element into a variable called $x. The where clause selects only book elements with a price element with a value greater than 30. The order by clause defines the sort-order. Will be sort by the title element. The return clause specifies what should be returned. Here it returns the title elements.

8 AIM:

SIMPLE XML DOCUMENT WITH DTD


The aim is to write DTD for a domain (Education) specific XML document.

DESCRIPTION: XML DTD: A Document Type Definition (DTD) defines the legal building blocks of an XML document. It defines the document structure with a list of legal elements and attributes. A DTD can be declared inline inside an XML document, or as an external reference. INTERNAL DTD DECLARATION If the DTD is declared inside the XML file, it should be wrapped in a DOCTYPE definition with the following syntax: <!DOCTYPE root-element [element-declarations]> EXTERNAL DTD DECLARATION If the DTD is declared in an external file, it should be wrapped in a DOCTYPE definition with the following syntax: <!DOCTYPE root-element SYSTEM "filename"> THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF XML DOCUMENTS Seen from a DTD point of view, all XML documents (and HTML documents) are made up by the following building blocks: Elements <electives>Mobile COmputing</electives> electives is the element Attributes <img src="computer.gif" />

img is the element and name of the attribute is src and its value is computer.gif. Entities Some characters have a special meaning in XML, like the less than sign (<) that defines the start of an XML tag. Use & lt the entity reference. PCDATA PCDATA means parsed character data. PCDATA is text that WILL be parsed by a parser. The text will be examined by the parser for entities and markup. CDATA CDATA means character data. CDATA is text that will NOT be parsed by a parser. Tags inside the text will NOT be treated as markup and entities will not be expanded. DTD ATTRIBUTES:In a DTD, attributes are declared with an ATTLIST declaration. <!ATTLIST payment type CDATA "check"> The default-value can be one of the following: Value value #REQUIRED #IMPLIED #FIXED value Explanation The default value of the attribute The attribute is required The attribute is not required The attribute value is fixed

Example: <!ATTLIST college name PCDATA #FIXED "IIT"> 9

PARSING AN XML DOCUMENT USING DOM

AIM: The aim is to write a DOM parser to parse the XML elements.

DESCRIPTION: The XML DOM (XML Document Object Model) defines a standard way for accessing and manipulating XML documents. The DOM views XML documents as a tree-structure. All elements can be accessed through the DOM tree. Their content (text and attributes) can be modified or deleted, and new elements can be created. The elements, their text, and their attributes are all known as nodes. In the examples below we use the following DOM reference to get the text from the <department> element: xmlDoc.getElementsByTagName("department")[0].childNodes[0].nodeValue

xmlDoc - the XML document created by the parser. getElementsByTagName("department")[0] - the first <department> element childNodes[0] - the first child of the <department> element (the text node) nodeValue - the value of the node (the text itself)

In the XML DOM, node relationships are defined as properties to the nodes:

parentNode childNodes firstChild lastChild nextSibling previousSibling

XML DOM Change/Replace Node Values

Using setAttribute() the value of a node can be changed The removeChild() method removes a specified node. removeAttribute() method removes a specified attribute. The replaceChild() method replaces a specified node. The nodeValue property replaces text in a text node. XML Parser The XML DOM contains methods (functions) to traverse XML trees, access, insert, and delete nodes. However, before an XML document can be accessed and manipulated, it must be loaded into an XML DOM object. An XML parser reads XML, and converts it into an XML DOM object that can be accessed with JavaScript.

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