Solfa kailawn

-pezo

Music
Music, Mizote n Rimawi kan tih mai hi Latin \awng Musica tih a\anga lak a ni a. Hman laiin Rome-ho pathiannu, Musica an tih chuan mite hnenah hla phuah thiamna te, thil ri ngaihnawm tihna leh chumi lam hawi zawnga lunglenna a siamin a pe \hin a, Chuta \ang chuan mihring hneh thei leh lung tileng thei tak ri chu Music an lo ti ta a ni. Music hi thil ri (sound)-in a siam a ni a. Chu ri chu mumal tak leh hunbi dika ri, awmze nei leh kalhmang nei tur a ni thung (Ri na zawng erawh hi chu music a ni chuang lo). Entirna n : In huanah thereng a lo hram veng veng mai a. Chu ri chuan i lung te a tilengin hman laia i nun hlui, lawmte nena in inchhawl\huai lai te a hriat kir tir che a. I lung a tileng em em a ni. Chuti a nih chuan thereng hram ri chu i tan ri mawi tak a ni. Amaherawhchu lehkha i chhiar a, i ngaihtuahna a tibuai zo vek a nih erawh chuan i tan bengchheng/ninawm a lo chang thei. Chuvangin rimawi pawh hi a lo dawngsawngtu a zirin a nihna a hluin a hlu lo thei bawk. Ri siamtu (musical instrument) chi hrang hrang a awm thei. Entirna n : Sava hram te, lui luang ri ker kerte, thereng hram te leh khawpui ri dur dur te leh ri dang te, kalhmang nei leh mumal taha a rik chuan Music/Rimawi a ni zel. Piano \ha em em pawh mumal nei miah lova i play chuan bengchheng a chang ang a, darbenthek ri mai mai pawh a tluk lovang. Chutianga mumal nei taka thil ri chu Musical Tone an ti a. Tin, a ri chu a lo sei deuh va, a lo rei deuh chuan thuk (tune) an ti leh ta a ni. Chutianga rimawi (tone) chuan innghahna chi li a nei a. Chu ngte chu :1. A rik rei zawng (duration) :Rimawi chu a rik rei zawngin a awmzia a tidanglam daih thei. Bengin chu ri chu kan hriat rei dan azirin keimahnia a thawh dan pawh a danglam \hin. Ri bung nghut nghut hi chuan mi a hneh har a, ri riai riai erawh chuan engti kawng emaw tak hian min tidanglam chiai chiai \hin. A ri san zawng (Pitch) :Ri siamtu (instrument)-in boruak a tihfawn tam dan (frequency) azirin a ri chu a sangin a hniam \hin. Boruak fawn tamah a sangin, a fawn tlemah a ri a hniam \hin. A rik rin zawng (Intensity/Volume) :Ri chu eng ang taka nem leh uar nge a ni tih tehna a ni. A ri siamtuin a tha pek nat dan azirin a ri chu a ring (chang)-in a zawi (nem) thei \hin. 4. A ri mawina (Timbre/Tone colour) :Ri reng reng a mawina leh a duhawmna chu a ri siamtu lenzawng te, pianhmang te leh \hatna (quality) ah a innghat. |ing\ang ri chu Piano ri nen a hrang daih. A chhan chu a ri siamtu a inan loh vang a ni. An ri chu Music a ni tho bawk. 3. 2.

TONIC

SOL-FA

Tonic Sol-fa chu aw atana hman tura siam, Musical tone chhinchhiahna a ni. Het iangah hi chuan thil ri zan zawng chu hawrawp(alphabet)-in {d, r, m, f, s, l, t) an chhinchhiah \hin. Tonic Sol-fa hi kum 1035 AD-ah khan French mi, Guidoa Aretinus, Arezzo khuaa zaipawl hruaitu chuan a lo ching \an a.A ri chhianchhiahna atan chuan, UT, RE, ME, FA, SOL, LA a hmang a. Hei hi hla chham mi, (Chant) thluk chhinchhiahna atana a siamchhuah a ni. A hmingah pawh Tonic Sol-fa ti lovin Solmization an ti a. Kum 1849 khan sap pachal, John Curwen chuan Solmization chu rawn siam\hain Tonic So-fa chu a rawn chher chhuak ta a. Chutah chuan DOH, RAY, ME, FA, SOL, LA, TE/SE (d, r, m, f, s, l, t) a rawn hmang ta a ni. Hetiang music system-ah hi chuan DOH hi a bulpui ber (TONIC) a ni zel a. Chu DOH a\ang chuan ri dang zawng zawng pawh an teh chhuak \hin a ni. A hming, Tonic Sol-fa hian awmzia a nei thui tehchiam lo va. Hetiang music system-ah hian Key 3, a bul\hut (Tonic), a dominant(Sol) leh Sub-Dominant (Fa) te hi a Key bulpui an ni a. Chuvang chuan a hmingah hian Tonic Sol-fa an ti ta mai niin a lang.

STANDARD SCALE Ri hi boruak fawnin a siam a ni a. Chutianga ri fawn chu Vibration an ti a ni. Chu ri Second khata vawi 256 fawn chu a hmingah an vuah a. chu ri bulpui ber leh ri dang tehna bulpui atan hman a lo ni ta a ni. chu ri hniam ber leh a bul\huta hmang chuan a sang lamah siam chhovin ri chi hrang hrang pasarih (7) an lo ni ta a. Chu ngte chu : C, D, E, F, G, A, B te an ni a. Hengte hi ri puitling vek an ni. Heng ri pasarihte hi a chunglam bul\hut thleng (C-C1) hian ri pariat (8) an lo ni ta a, chu ri bu khat chu Octave an ti a ni (Octa.Gr - Eight) Hetiang hi Standard Scale-a ri inthlauh dante chu an ni: C B A G F E D C A chunga number-te RELATIVE SCALE Standard Scale (C, D, E....) ri te chu hawrawp chi sarih (d, r, m, f, s, l, t) hmangin entir an ni a. Chutianga tarlanna chu Relative Scale an ti a ni. Tin, Relative Scale hi Modulator an ti bawk. Standard Scale leh Relative Scale te inlaichin dan chu hetiang hi a ni :STANDARD SCALE 1 C B A G F E D C 1 DOH TE/SI LAH SOL/SOH FA/FAH ME RAY DOH RELATIVE SCALE 1 d t l s f m r d
1

512 480 427.7 348 241.3 320 278 256 khi boruak fawn ran lam (frequency) a ni.

Heng Relative Scale-a ri chi hrang hrangte hi Note an ti bawk \hin. INTERVAL Standard Scale leh Relative Scale-a note chi hrang hrangte inkar hi Interval an ti. Heng inkarte erawh hi chu a inchen vek lo. Entirna n : d-r, r-m, f-s, s-l, l-t te ai hian m-f leh t-d1 te hi an inkar a zim zawk. FULL TONE (Ri puitling) :Heng sol-fa note inkar: d-r, r-m, f-s, s-l, l-t, de-re, m-fe, t-de1, etc te hi Full tone (ri puitling) an ni. An inkar hi a chanve-a \hen theih a ni.
Flat b D t * l
la

Sharp

#
& ^

s SEMI/HALF TONE (Ri chanve) :ba % Heng sol-fa note inkar, m-f, t-d, d-de, r-re, s-se, de-r, f-fe, se-l, etc te hi Semi tone/Half tone (ri chanve) an ti a. A chanvea \hen theih loh a ni. f A inkar hi ri chanve chauh a ni. Chutiang ri chanve te chu Sharp leh Flat m tiin a hming an vuah a. Chungte chu #(Sharp) leh b(Flat) tein an chhinchhiah $ @ \hin a ni. r A ding lam sira mi hi Sharp a ni a, -in a tawp a. A vei lam sira mi ra ! hi Flat a ni a, -in a tawp ve thung a ni. d Sharp leh Flat-te hi an san zawng a inang chiah lo va, mahse awin tihrik a har em avangin ri thuhmun angin an hmang mai \hin a ni. Musical Instrument dang - Piano, Organ, Guitar, etc ah pawh hian a lai takah an bung hmawk mai a ni

EXERCISE - I d m d s m D s s m D s d m s D s m s d m s D s s d m D s d s m D

EXERCISE - II d m f s l f s m d D s m f d m d m r s m d f s m d s m r m s m d

EXERCISE - III d f l s f s m f l f D l f d s D l f d f d l s m d f r m d s

EXERCISE - IV d r m s l t D r s m f l r t D t s t s r s m s r s t D s f r

SOL-FA NOTE RIK DAN Relative Scale/Modulator-a ri pasarih neite hian rik dan bik tur an nei hrang leh \heuh va. Heng an rite hi a dik tak anga hman theih hram tum tur a ni. DOH TE LAH SOL FA ME RAY DOH Fiak leh ring tak Nem deuhvin Dul leh nguai Phur leh tho Fan leh chuai Tluang leh dam Fan leh nem Uar leh nghet.

VUAK CHI HRANG HRANG TE (PULSE) Rimawi leh hla reng reng hi mumal taka a rik loh chuan a nihna leh a hlutna a bo \hin. Chutianga mawi tak leh mumal taka a rik theihna atan chuan a rik hun vawn dik a ngai a. Chutianga a rik hun vawngtu chu Vuak an ti mai a. Chu chu sap hovin Beat emaw Pulse emaw an ti \hin. Tin chutiang vuak ran/chak zawng chu Speed emaw Tempo emaw an ti bawk \hin. Beat chu rimawi a lo rik a, a hun mumal taka vawngtu kha a ni a. Tin, mumal taka ri, hun inkar inchen leh bi fel taka uar hun vawngtu chu pulse an ti \hin. Hla leh rimawiin a hun bi a hloh chuan awmzia a nei lo va. Chuvangin a hun a hman dik a \ul ta a. Chutianga a hun a hman dik theihna atan chuan heng vuakte hi siam a ni. VUAK TONIC SOL-FA-ah hian vuak chi thum a awm. Chu ngte chu :(a) Bar pui ( | ) :- Barpui a awm apiangin vuak tur a ni. Tin, Barpui ding lam chiaha sol-fa note awm kha lam/tum uar tur a ni a, nghet taka lam/tum tur a ni. (b) Bar te ( \ ) :Bar te ah hian vuak tur a ni bawk. Bar te dinglam sl-fa note kha sak/lam pangngaia tihrik tur a ni. (c) Colon ( : ) :Colon-ah pawh hian vuak zel tur a ni. Hemi hi a lo lan apiangin qa bul ding lama Sol-fa note kha nem/uar lo zawka sak tur a ni. Entirna n :| (Bar pui) \ (Bar te) : (Colon) Lam dan : Uar Pangngai Uar lo/nem (x)

PULSE MEASURE (VUAK)

Pulse chu rimawi hun vawngtua vuak a ni a. Measure chu Bar leh Bar inkara sol-fa vuak zat sawina a ni. Chutichuan Pulse Measure chu hla emaw rimawi emaw mumal tak leh awmze nei taka uar hun siamna a ni a, Vuak zat tiin kan sawi thei bawk awm e. Pulse Measure chi hrang hrang a awm. Chu ngte chu :(a) Vuak hnih (2 pulse) :- Vuak hnih chu Bar pui leh colon pakhatin a siam. | : | : | : 1 2 1 2 1 2
Uar Uarlo Uar Uarlo Uar Uar lo

Entirnan : KHB |m .m :m .,f |s .s :s .m |f :m 48 |Mangang leh lung- |ngai- a \an i |tum te

|f

= |hian,

(b) Vuak thum (3 pulse) :- Vuak thum chu Bar pui leh colon pahnihin a siam :| : : | : : 1 2 3 1 2 3
Uar Uarlo Uar lo Uar Uar lo Uar lo

Entirna n : KHB 16

:5 |d = :6 |5 = :d .r |m = :r |d = Aw |Pathian |nang Lal- |ber I |ni. :Vuak li chu bar pui, bar te leh colon pahnihin a siam. : | : \ : 4 1 2 3 4
Uarlo Uar Uar lo Uar deuh Uarlo

(c) Vuak Li (4 pulse) | : \ 1 2 3

Uar Uarlo

Uar deuh

Entirna n : KHB 182

:d |m :m \m :f|s I- |su, I thianghlim |e,

:l |s :m khaw- |ngaihin

:d|r = + min pawl |teh.

\r

NB :- Heng, Vuak hnih, vuak thum leh vuak li te hi Simple Time an ti a. Chumi awmzia chu vuakna chhinchhiahna tinahte hian vuak/chhut/lam tur a ni. Thleh loh tur a ni. (d) Vuak Ruk (6 pulse) :- Vuak ruk chu bar pui, bar te leh colon paliin a siam. | : : \ : : | : : \ : : 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6
Uar Uarlo Uar lo Uar deuh UarloUar lo Uar UarloUar lo Uar deuh Uarlo Uar lo

Entirna n : KHB |5 :5 :5 \6 = = |5 :5 :5 \d = :r |m ==+= = 294 |Ka chen-na ram |thla-ler a ni Lal- |pa N.B. :- Vuak ruk hi vuak hnih-ah an thlep bawk \hin. Hetiangin :| : : \ : : | : : \ : : 1 2 1 2 (e) siam. Vuak Kua (9 pulse) :- Vuak kua chu bar pui pakhat, bar te pahnih leh colon parukin a | : : \ : :
23
xx Uar x x deuh

1
Uar

4 5 6

: :

8 9

| : :

1 2 3

\ : :
Uar x x deuh

4 5 6

: :

8 9

Uar x x deuh

Uar x x

Uar x x deuh

(x = Uar lo)

Entirna n : KHB |5 :5 :d \m = :m \m = =|m :r :d 214 |Rin-na thla zar i- la, |Kal-va- ri \6 :d :d |6 = :5 \5 = = + = = lam va fang |ila.

\r = :d mual

N.B :Vuak kua hi vuak thumah an thlep bawk \hin. Hetiangin: | : : \ : : \ : : | : : \ : : \ : : 1 2 3 1 2 3

(c) Vuak Sawm pahnih (12 pulse) :- Vuak sawmpahnih chu bar pui pakhat, bar te pathum leh colon pariatin a siam. | : : \ : : \ : : \ : : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Uar x x Uar deuh x x Uar deuh x x Uar x x (x = Uar lo)

Entirna n : KHB 214 |r = :d \r :m :r \d = = \5 :d :m |m =.r :d \m = = + = = + = = |Ka lei lungngaih ka \ah ka bang |ang a... N.B :- Vuak sawm pahnih hi vuak li-ah an thlep bawk \hin. Hetiangin :| 1 : : \ 2 : : \ 3 : : \ 4 : :

** Heng vuak ruk, vuak kua leh vuak sawmpahnih te hi a thlepin an sa \hin bawk a. Chutianga an thleh \hin chu Compound Time an ti a ni. ** Tin, heng vuak bakah hian vuak 5, vuak 7, vuak 8, etc. te pawh a awm \hin a. Amaherawhchu chutiang vuak chu rimawi atan an hmang \hin. Tonic Sol-fa-ah an hmang m a n g lo.

VUAK |HENSAWM
Vuak khat hi a hla/rimawi thluk a zirin an \hensawm \hin a, chu chuan sak a tinuamin a timawi thei hle \hin. (1) Vuak Chanve :Vuak khat (vuak leh vuak inkar) hi a lai takah an \hen a, chu chu chhun han/dot (.)-in an chhinchhiah \hin. | . : or | . :

Entirna n : KHB 48 |m .m :m .f |s .s :s .m |Mangang leh lung- |ngai-a \an i

|f :m |tum te

|f = |hian...

(2) Vuak khat hmun thuma \hen :Vuak khat hi a sei zawng intiat \heuhvin hmun thuamah an \hen a, chu chu comma letling ( )-in an chhinchhiah \hin a ni. Sak kat loh tur a ni. | : or | 2 2 2 : KHB - 276 :5 .,5 |5 = 3 4 5 |6 :5 I sual- |na dum mah|se- la

2 2 2 Entirna n : KHB - 254 :m m |m Min hruaina |ah

:d :s .,s |s = || chuan ka kal |ang. ||

(3) Vuak khat hmun lia \hen :Vuak khat hi hmun liah hetiang hian an \hen bawk \hin :| 3 , 3 . 3 , 3 |m :r |eng \an : or | 3 , 3 . 3 , 3 :

Entirna n : KHB - 347 |D = .l \s ,f .m ,f :s .f |Ni ropui a

\d = || ta. ||

VUAK |HENSAWM DANG TE

(1) ( ., ) : Hei hi a kat kan ti mai \hin. A awmzia chu sol-fa note kha a vuak rualin kan tiri a. Vuak chanve kan thluk phawt a, chumi chanve leh chu kan thluk leh a. Tichuan vuak chanve chanve (3)-ah a sol-fa note lo awm kha kan ti ri ta a ni. |d 1 . 3 , 3 d :d or

|d

, d:d

Entirna n : KHB - 239 :d .,r |m .,m:m .,m\m .,r:d .,d|r .,d:d .,6 \5 Lal-pa |tawtawrawt a rik hun-in kan |lei awm tawh lo vang. (2) ( ,.- ) : Hetiang chhinchhiahna a lo awm chuan a note hmasa kan lam zawh khan 3-ah a note hnuhnung zawk kan lam lehnghal dawn a ni. Hei hi chu a rang / hma lam zawngin a kat ve thung dawn a ni. |d , d .:d or 3 3 1 |d , d.:d Entirna n : KHB - 238 :5 6 7 |d ,d .- :d .,d \d :m |r = + A lo-kal |hunah kan peih dawn em |ni?

CHHINCHHIAHNA DANGTE
(1) Thlukna ( - ) :Barpui, Bar te, colon, dot, comma te zawha a lo awm chuan thluk tur tihna a ni. A hma chiaha vuak hlut zawng chiah thluk tur a ni. e.g : |-, =, + , .-, ,Entirnan n : |m = + :r |d =.r \m = |s,s.- :f \m = (2) Chawlhna (Rest) ( |, \, :, . ) :Hetianga Barpui, barte, colon leh dot a lo awmin a vuak hlut zat bak thluk loh tur, vuak ringawt tur tihna a ni. Entirnan n : Eg: |d : \ :r |m : \m : |d . : \d . : Entirna n : KHB - 398 |d . :d . \d . :d . |d . :d . \d .d : |Pa- thian thu hlu |chu puang chhuak r u.

EXERCISE
1. Doh is G :|d .d :d .,r \m |m = \ = .f |f |6 :m .,r \d :f \m = |r .m :d .5 |6 :r .m \s :f

:d .7

:6 .6 \5 = ||

2. Doh is F :|m :m r |r = \

d \6

:5 .6 =

|d

: .r \m

|s :

= \s f m :f \ : ||

:s .,f |m .d

\7,r.- = |d

4. Doh is F :|d :m \r .d |d : \r .m

:r |m .m :- .7

: \s |d .d

|m .f ,s :l \d .d =

.r \s ||

m :r

:r .7

5. Doh is G ::5 .5 |6 ,d .- :5 ,d .- :m .,r |d = ||

MODE
Rimawi hian kalhmang a nei a. Chu chu MODE an ti. Mode hi chi hnih a awm a: Major Mode leh Minor Mode te an ni. Major Mode-ah chuan an Sol-fa note hman te interval (ri insan hleih dan) kha a lian a, hla tho leh rang lamah an hmang \hin. He a ri hi a Tonic (d) a\anga teh a ni. Tin, Minor Mode-ah chuan an Sol-fa note hman interval (Tonic-LAH a\angin) kha a te/zim a. Hla urhsun, lungrunthlak leh nguai lamah an hmang \hin. Hla pakhatah pawh Major Mode leh Minor Mode te hi an hmang kawp ve nual \hin. Hman thiama, uar tur lai hmuna a Mode thlak thiam hi chuan rilru a hneh thei hle \hin. Amaherawhchu hman thiam loh emaw, a Mode thlak ngun lutuk chuan a ninawmin a hla thluk a tikhawlo zo vek \hin a ni.

CHORD
Hei hi Music tiropuitu ber leh timawitu ber pakhat a ni kan ti thei ang. Chord han tih hian a awmzia ber chu ri inmil emaw, ri inremte \angrual tihna a ni ber awm e. Ri chi hrang hrang a ruala ri a, inchawih tak takte hi Chord chu a ni. Tin, Chord hi chi hnih a awm a. Chu ngte chu Major Chord leh Minor Chord te an ni. |ing\ang, Piano , Organ, Electroc Keyboard, etc. tum dawn chuan Chord hi hriat chian a ngai em em a ni. 1. MAJOR CHORD (C KEY ni ta sela) :Technical Name TONIC SUPER TONIC MEDIANT SUB-DOMINANT DOMINANT SUB-MEDIANT LEADING NOTE 2. MINOR CHORD (Am KEY ni ta sela) :Technical Name TONIC SUPER TONIC MEDIANT SUB-DOMINANT DOMINANT SUB-MEDIANT LEADING NOTE Key A B C D E F G Sol-fa Note ri te l, t, d, r, m, f, s, d, r, m, f, s, l, t, m f s l t d r Key C D E F G A B Sol-fa Note ri te d, r, m, f, s, l, t, m, fe, se, l, t, de, r, s l t d r m f

CHORD |HEN HRANG TE

Chord han tih hian Key pakhat (Tonic) hian Relative Chord dang pahnih a nei a. Chu ngte chu Sub-Dominant leh Dominant te an ni. C Key hi a Tonic/Key lo ni ta se, a Relative Chord te chu F key leh G key te an lo ni ang. C Key lo hmang ta zel ila, hetiang hian Chord chu kan \hen thei ang :SUB-

CHORD KEY Major (M) Minor (m) Major Seventh (M7) Suspended Fourth (sus 4) Minor Sixth (m6) Minor Seventh (m7) Seventh (7) Augmented (+/aug) Diminished (dim)

TONIC ( C ) d, m, s d, re, s d, m, s, t d, f, s d, re, s, l d, re, s, ta d, m, s, ta d, m, se, ta d, re, fe, l

Dominant (F)

DOMINANT (G)

f, l, d f, se, d f, l, d, m f, ta, d f, se, d, r f, l, d, r f, l, d, re f, l, de, re f, se, t, r

s, t, r s, ta, r s, t, r, fe s, d, r s, ta, r, m s, ta, r, f s, t, r, f s, t, re, f s, ta, de, m

CHHINCHHIAHNA PAWIMAWH ZUAL DEUH TE

1. ___________ (Regular slur) :Solfa hnuaia rin a awm chuan slur tur a ni. 2. ..................... (Irregular slur) :Sol-fa note hnuaiah hetiang hi a awm a nih chuan a note pangngai kha sak mai tur a ni a. A thu a awm lo a nih erawh chuan slur pangngai anga slur tur a ni. Heting Irregular slur hi chu hla thu lam inzat lovah an hmang \hin. 3. { } (Bracket or Brace) :Sol-fa tlar bul leh tawp phuar khawmna / hung hranna mai a ni. 4. || (Double Bar) :Hla tawp, Music hlawm tawp-ah an dah ber \hin. A laihawlah a awm zeuh zeuh bawk. Duh chen chen thluk/vuak theih a ni. (eg : KHB 58 - Isu nunnem lo \awng ang che ) 5.

://: (Repetition of words) :-

Hetiang chhinchhiahna hi Sol-fa note chunga a lo awmin a hma chiaha hla thu khan khami Chhinchhiahna awmna zawn a\ang khan hman leh mai tur a ni. (eg : KHB 63 - Aw Mi sang tam tak zai.. ) 6. < / > (Pause / Parsses / fermatta) :Sol-fa note chungah emaw, a hnuaiah emaw he chhinchhiahna hi a awm chuan duh chen chen thluk theih a ni. Tin, Barpui chungah a awm chuan duh chen chen chawlh (rest) theih a ni thung. (eg : KHB 17 - Kan Pathian kulhpui nghet a ni ) 7. D.C (De Capo) :Sol-fa tlar laihawlah emaw, a tlar tawpah emaw D.C a lo awm chuan a sol-fa tlar bulah let leh tur a ni. (eg : KHB 58 - Isu nunnem lo \awng ang che ) 8. D.S (Dal Segno):Sol-fa tlara a lo awm chuan X awmnaah let leh tur a ni. (eg : KHB 133 - Lal Isua kan \hian \ha berin ) D.S a\anga a lo letna hmun tur chhinchhiahna a ni. (eg : KHB 17 - Kan Pathian kulhpui nghet a ni ) 10. (forississimo) :Sak rin tur, ring taka sak tur, ring lutuka sak tur. (eg : KHB 42 - Pathianin khawngaihin.... )

9.

X(Segno):-

x (forte), xx (fortessimo), xxx

(mezzo forte) ::-

11. 12. 13.

Ring mawi tawka sak tur. (eg : KHB 17 - Tuifinriata mi vakvai ten.. )

sf / sfz

Sak nat tur.

p (Piano), pp (Pianissimo), ppp (Pianississimo) :-Sak nem tur, nem taka sak tur, nem lutuka sak tur.

14.

< / cres (crescendo) :-

(eg : KHB 88 - Mihring zingah a lokal.... Sak rin tual tual tur.

KHB 156 - Lalpa, thlipui a tleh chiam a )

15.

> / decres (decrescendo) :-

(eg : KHB 42 - Pathianin khawngaihin....

KHB 156 - Lalpa, thlipui a tleh chiam a )

Sak zawih tual tual tur.

(eg : KHB 134 - Kan Isua ang \hian dang an awm lo ) 16. dim (diminuendo):- Sak nem tual tual tur. (eg : KHB 492 - Ram ni tla ngai lovah chuan...... )

17. Solo :Aw ri khat hmanga zai. Mi tam tak pawh aw ri khat (Sol-fa note thuhmun)-a an zai chuan Solo an ni tho. 18. Duet :Aw ri chi hnih (So-lfa note chi hnih) hmanga zai. Mi tam zawk pawh aw ri chi hrang pahnih hmanga an zai phawt chuan Duet a ni tho. 19. Trio :- Aw ri chi thuma hmanga zai........ 20. Quartet :- Aw ri chi li hmanga zai......

TEMPO
Hla vuak ran zawng (Speed/Tempo) chi hrang tam tak a awm. Chu a ran zawng tehna chu Metronome an ti a. Chu chu minute khata vuak awm zat tihna a ni. A tempo hmingte hian a vuak ran zawng (metronome) leh a sak dan tur a keng tel nghal.

Tempo Allegro Allegretto Vivace Presto Prestissimo Andante Adagio Adagietto Largo Larghetto Moderato

Metronome 120 112 - 116 126 - 140 168 - 200 200 - 208 76 - 108 66-76 70 - 80 40 - 46 60 - 66 72 - 90

Sak dan tur rang leh phur rang leh phur rang leh zang rang tak rang lutuk kal tluang zaih Muang leh muk Muang leh muk Muang leh nghet Muang leh nghet sak nuam tawka rang.

TEMPO CHHINCHHIAHNA TE
1. Accelerando (accel) - Rang tual tual (eg : KHB 436 - Tlantu ka nei e........ ) 2. Rallentando (rall) - Muang tual tual (eg : KHB 335 - Ka hnenah lokal thuai ang che ) 3. Ritardando (rit.) - Muang thut (eg : KHB 66 - Zual zelin ka fak chak hle che ) 4. Atempo (atpo) tih ran emaw, tih muan emaw hnuah a hmaa a ran dan pangngaia (Original tempo) sak leh tur tihna a ni. (eg : KHB 335 - Ka hnenah lokal thuai ang che ) -