EX /ML32E/70/2006

B. Mach. Engg. Part-I Examination, 2006

(2nd Semester)

Subject : Fluid Machinery - II

Time : Three hours Full Marks : 100

Answer any six questions from the following. Four marks are kept for neatness 1. a) b) c) 2. a) b) Explain the difference between Incompressible Flow and Compressible Flow Turbomachines. What is specific speed of an incompressible-flow turbomachine? How is this specific speed related to the shape, size and performance of the turbomachine rotor? Sketch a typical non-dimensional performance characteristics of a radial flow type pump. Discuss about the different types of Losses associated with the performance of a centrifugal pump. The axis of a centrifugal pumps is 2.45 m above the level of water in the sump and the static delivery lift from the pump axis is 25.55 m. The frictional head losses in the suction and delivery pipes are 0.9 m and 7.62 m respectively. The suction and delivery pipes are each 125 mm in diameter. The impeller is of 205 mm diameter and 18 mm wide of outlet. It rotates at 1700 rpm. Fluid enters the impeller radially and the radial velocity of flow of 3.92 m/sec remains constant throughout the impeller. What will be the readings of the pressure and vacuum gauges it they are fitted close to the pump casing on the delivery and suction pipes respectively? Assuming a hydraulic efficiency of 77% and a mechanical efficiency of 72%, calculate (i) power input to the pump and (ii) the angle made by the absolute fluid velocity of impeller outlet with the direction of rotation. A centrifugal fan gives the following characteristic when tested at a constant speed of 800 rpm: Fan total pressure 200 196 174 165 140 80 (pt) in mil of water Fan discharge (Q) in m3 sec Fan total efficiency (t)in percent 0 0 10 55 20 85 23 88 30 78 40 20 2 10 4 7 9

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This fan supptes air through a long duct system characteristic is purely resistive (i.e. there is no static light). The system head (Hsys) for the duct is given by Hsys=[(0.1)Q2]mm of water, where Q is in m3/sec. Find out the volume rate of flow through the duct and shaft power input to the fan. If now two such fans are combined in parallel to supply air through this duct, how much will be the percentage rise (i) in the volume rate of flow of air through the duct and (ii) in the total power input to the fans. 4. a) b) Discuss about the effects of cavitation in a centrifugal pump. During a laboratory test on a centrifugal pump, handling water it was observed 6 10

EX /ML32E/70/2006 that for a pump total head of 36m at a discharge of 0.05 m3/sec, cavitation head of 36m at a discharge of 0.05m3/sec,cavitation started when the sum of static pressure head and velocity head at pump inlet was reduced to 3.5 m of water. The local parametric pressure was noted to be 750mm of mercury and the saturation vapour pressure of water at the prevailing temperature was found to be 1800 N/m2. find the value of Thomas Critical cavitation Factor for this pump. If this pump is to operate at a location where the local parometric pressure is 620mm of Mercury and the saturation vapour pressure of water is 830N/m2 developing the same total head and delivering the same discharge by how much must the height of pump above the sump level be reduced? 5. In a frencis Turbine installation the different hydraulic losses are estimated as follows: i) head loss between entrance to the scroll casing and outlet of wicket gates is 23 m; ii) head loss in the runner vane passage is 4.26m; iii) head loss between runner outlet and outlet of drat tube is 0.305m; iv) velocity head lost at outlet of the draft tube is 0.76 m the center of the turbine is located 3m above the Tail-race level(TRL) and the net head across the turbine is 58m the peripheral speed of the wheel is 22.9 m/sec and velocity of flow (which is constant throughout the runner) is 7.2 m/sec. determine (a) the pressure head of water at entry to and exit from the runner , (b) the inlet guide vane angle (c) the vane inlet angle of the runner (d) the hydraulic efficiency of the turbine and v) the Thomas Cavitation Factor of the installation. 6. a) b) Explain the functions of a draft tube in a reaction type hydroturbine. A Kaplan turbine operation under a net head of 7.5m develops a shaftpower output of 1835 Kw at an overall efficiency of 87%. The turbine is set 2.5 m above the Trail-race level (TRL) and vacuum gauge connected to the inlet of the draft tube reads 3.15m of water. The inlet diameter of this conical draft tube is 3 m and the head loss due to friction in the draft tube is 25% of the velocity head at draft tube outlet. Calculate the efficiency of the draft tube. Define the terms Unit Speed, Unit Power and Unit Discharge as used in connection with the operation of hydroturbine. Describe the method of speed governing of the Pelton turbine. Write short notes on any two of the following : (i) Dimensionless parameters used in the performance characteristics of turbo compressors. (ii) Experimental determination of overall efficiency of a centrifugal pump. (iii) Characteristics of an Axial-flow pump. (iv) Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH) (v) Phenomenon of whirl ship. (vi) Effect of inertia on the indicator diagram of a reciprocating pump. 6 10 16

7. a) b) 8.

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