Primary Resources

Almon, J., ed. The Remembrancer or Impartial Repository of Public Event 1776. Vol. 3. London, 1776. Print. From here I took the quote Common Sense is read by all ranks, and as many as read, so many become. .. from page 87. It was from a letter from Philadelphia on March 12, 1776. It made me understand how Common Sense appealed to all types of people across the colonies.

"A Letter from Georgetown, South Carolina." Pennsylvania Evening Post [Philadelphia] 17 Mar. 1776. Print. Library of Congress. 10 Oct. 2011. From here I took the quote Common Sense hath made independents of the majority of the country. It made me understand how the fight for independence became so important to many people, but caused me to discover that the majority of the country did not actively become involved in the war.

"A Letter Supporting Common Sense." Connecticut Courant [Hartford] 8 Apr. 1776. Print. Hartford Courant Archives. 11 Nov. 2011. From here I took the quote May the INDEPENDENT principles of COMMON SENSE It showed how the common people were really understanding the concept of independence and showed much support for it.

Chalmers, James. Plain Truth. Digital image. Library of Congress. U.S. Federal Government. Web. 27 Dec. 2011. <http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2006681075/>. This is a scanned image of an original copy of Plain Truth.

Charles Lee Esq'r. - American General-major. 1778. 1 print : etching. Library of Congress Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Washington, D.C. 10 Oct. 2011. This is a portrait of Charles Lee, wearing military uniform and facing the left. It was created when effects of Common Sense were stilling being felt.

A Letter from a Reader. The New-London [Connecticut] Gazette [New Haven] 22 Mar. 1776. Print. 27 Dec. 2011. <nationalhumanitiescenter.orh> From here I took the letter that began "To the Author of the Pamphlet entitled Common Sense. Sir, In declaring your own, you have declared the sentiments of Millions. . . This was a great visualization of how much of an impact it was leaving on people and how everyone was talking about it.

Copley, John Singleton. Samuel Adams. 1772. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 10 Oct. 2011. This is a painting of Samuel Adams from the time period of the real American Revolution, when Paine was beginning to become convinced of the idea that the colonies should become independent.

Cooper, Samuel. Letter to Benjamin Franklin. 21 Mar. 1776. MS. Yale University Library. 28 Nov. 2011 From here I took the quote that began How is Common Sense relished among you? It made me more aware of how suddenly Paine had convinced people of the necessity of war, which was so important so the Americans did not lose at the start of the Revolution if they did not gain support quickly enough.

Cresswell, Nicholas. The Journal of Nicholas Cresswell: 1774-1777. Port Washington, NY: Kennikat, 1968. Print. Cresswell was an English gentleman traveling in Virginia. He hated the new concept of Common Sense had put forward. From here I took quotes about it, such as One of the vilest things that ever was published to the world. and Full of false representations, lies, calumny, and treason.

Del Veccio, Thomas. Tom Paine: American. New York: Whittier Books, 1956 From page 45, I took the quote of Charles Lee to Washington Have you seen the pamphlet . . . and John Adamss quote to Jefferson that "History is to ascribe to Paine the Revolution. . ." It caused me to realize how Paine had given the Americans a great cause to passionately fight for.

Eliot, Andrew. Letter to Isaac Smith. 5 Apr. 1776. MS. Boston. Massachusetts Historical Society. 11 Nov. 2011. From here I took the quote from a Bostonian that Independence a year ago could not have been publickly mentioned with impunity. . . . Nothing else is now talked of, and I know not what can be done by Great Britain to prevent it. It showed how Paine had revolutionized the thoughts of the American colonists.

"Extract of a Letter from Petersburg, Virginia, Dated April 12." Essex Journal [Newburyport, Massachusetts] 10 May 1776. Print. 1 Feb. 2012. Web. <Nationalhumanitiescenter.org> From here I got took the letter that began In my way through Virginia, I found the inhabitants warm It made me aware of how much people were really talking about Common Sense.

Green, Jacob. Observations on the Reconciliation of Great-Britain and the Colonies, in Which Are the Exhibited Arguments For, and Against, That Measure. Philadelphia: Robert Bell, 1776. Print. From here I took an excerpt from Greens pamphlet that states how fighting for independence was not necessarily the most logical solution to solve the dispute with Britain. It made me realize that the decision to fight for independence at the time might not have been the best idea, but after all was over, it just happened to turn out to have been the right idea.

Inglis, Charles. The True Interest of America Impartially Stated. Philadelphia: Humphreys, 1776. Print. From here I took out excerpts of Ingliss opinion on fighting for independence. It made me realize that many were also opposed to Paines ideas.

Jefferson, Thomas. Letter to John Randolph. 29 Nov. 1776. MS. The Papers of Thomas Jefferson. Princeton University Library. 10 Apr. 2012. From here I took the quote There is not in the British Empire a man who more cordially loves a union with Great Britain than I do. It made me truly aware of the extent to which Thomas Paine revolutionized the minds of the American colonists so much that this man would start writing the Declaration of Independence just a few months after this strong quote.

John Adams, Second President of the United States of America. 1814. 1 print : lithograph. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, D.C. 10 Oct. 2011. This was a painting of John Adams facing slightly right. It was created when Adams was still considering the effects of Common Sense and how he felt about it.

"Letter from Maryland on February 6." Pennsylvania Evening Post [Philadelphia] 13 Feb. 1776. Print. 1 Feb. 2012. Web. <Nationalhumanitiescenter.org> From here I took the quote If you knew the author. . . It made me realize that Common Sense had managed to turn Tories into Whigs.

Nicholas Cresswell. 1780. Colonial Williamsburg Collection, Williamsburg. 29 Dec. 2011. This was a painting of Thomas Cresswell around the time of revolutionary America.

Paine, Thomas. Common Sense. Digital image. Library of Congress. U.S. Federal Government. Web. 10 Feb. 2012. <http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2006681076/>. This is a scanned image of an original copy of Common Sense.

Paine, Thomas. Common Sense. Digital image. Research History. New York Public Library. Web. 26 Dec. 2011. <http://www.nyhistory.org/sites/default/files/press/hr/2_Common_Sense.jpg> This was another digital image of an original copy of Common Sense from 1776.

Paine, Thomas. Common Sense. New York: Penguin, 2005. Print. This was a reprint of Common Sense. On page 46 I took Paines quote O ye that love mankind. . . The references to God caused me to realize the religion must have influence Paine while he was writing Common Sense.

Reynolds, Joshua, Sir. George the III. 1785. 1 print : engraving. Library of Congress Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Washington, D.C. 10 Oct. 2011. This was a portrait of King George III around the time of the American Revolution when the effects of Common Sense were still being felt, especially the concept of a republican government.

Romney, George. Thomas Paine. 1790. 1 print : engraving. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, D.C. 10 Oct. 2011. This was a painting of Thomas Paine when the effects of his writing was still being felt.

Samuel Adams to Thomas Paine, November 30, 1802, in Thomas Paine: Collected Writings, ed. Foner, 415. From here I took Samuel Adams quote that Common Sense awakened the public mind, and led the people loudly to call for a declaration of our national independence. It made me realize that Common Sense had sparked the Declaration of Independence.

Slater, Samuel. "Free Thoughts on the Proceedings of the Continental Congress." Letter. 16 Nov. 1774. MS. White Plains, Westchester, Pennsylvania. Westchester Historical Society. 7 Apr. 2012. From here I took the quote that began If I must be enslaved, let it be by a King at least, and not by a parcel of upstart, lawless Committeemen. . . It was written not exactly at the time that Common Sense was written, but it was an opinion on the some of the principal ideas of Common Sense that Slater so strongly opposed. It captured how passionately so people believed in this during the era of revolution in the 1770s that occurred over time throughout the decade. I could not leave it out.

Smith, William. Plain Truth. Philadelphia: John Dunlap, 1776. Print. From page 7, I took quotes from him. Dr. William Smith was an aristocratic Anglican clergyman , Provost of the College of Philadelphia, and an outspoken Tory. It reinforced the idea that fighting for independence was not clearly a good idea. There could be many bad consequences from it.

Washington, George. Letter to Joseph Reed. 31 Jan. 1776. MS. Cambridge, Massachusetts. Library of Congress. 10 Oct. 2011. From here I took George Washington reference to Common Sense as "sound doctrine and unanswerable reasoning." It made me realize that many people strongly believed in Paines ideas and nobody would convince them otherwise at this point.

Washington, Writings, Sparks ed., iii. 347. Library of Congress. 10 Oct. 2011. From here I took Washingtons quote I find that Common Sense is working a powerful change in the minds of men. It was a letter to Joseph Reed on April 1. It made me realize that Paine was truly revolutionizing the ideology of the colonists.

Zoffany, Johann. King George III of England. 1771. The Royal Collection, London. 8 Feb. 2012. This was a painting of King George the Third around the time when the colonists were becoming confused and ambivalent about their situation with England.

Secondary Resources

American colonists fighting for their freedom. Digital image. American Revolution. PrimaryTeachers.Org,, 2007. Web. 19 Feb. 2012. <http://www.primaryteachers.org/american_revolution_unit.htm>. From here I took the image of patriotic American colonists.

Andrews, Charles M. The Colonial Period of American History: England's Commercial and Colonial Policy. Vol. 4. New Haven, Conn.: Yale Univ., 1938. Print. This made me aware that England was not going to give up the colonies that easily. They had a good reason; they greatly relied on the colonies for economical purposes.

Bailyn, Bernard. The Ideological Origins of the American Revolution. Cambridge, MA: Belknap of Harvard UP, 1967. Print. This made me aware of the influences of the Enlightenment and religion on Thomas Paine.

Best, Mary Agnes. Thomas Paine, Prophet and Martyr of Democracy,. New York: Harcourt, Brace &, 1927. Print. From here I took Bests quote that Common Sense electrified the whole country. . . on page 71. It made me aware of how passionately people felt about Common Sense.

Burstein, Andrew. Sentimental Democracy: The Evolution of America's Romantic Self-image. New York: Hill and Wang, 1999. Print. This made me aware of the importance of the 13 different colonies becoming one. I realized how important it was that the message of Common Sense spread through all the different colonies to all types of people.

Canada, Mark. "All American: Colonial Journalism." Colonial America, 1607-1783. University of North Carolina, 27 Nov. 2001. Web. 19 Feb. 2012. <http://www.uncp.edu/home/canada/work/allam/16071783/news/>. This made me aware of the importance of propaganda during the American Revolution. The colonists would not have been able to win the war if I had not used it so well.

Cook, Don. The Long Fuse: How England Lost the American Colonies, 1760-1785. New York: Atlantic Monthly, 1995. Print. This book made me aware of the fact that the lack of British passion for the war with the American colonies, was a reason they lost the war.

Davidson, Philip Grant. Propaganda and the American Revolution. Greensboro: University of North Carolina, 1941. Print. From here I took the quote on page 133 from the Pennsylvania Evening Post that began WE CANNOT PAY TOO GREAT A PRICE FOR LIBERTY. . . This book made me even more aware of the importance of propaganda in changing the peoples emotion, attitudes, and behaviors to win the American revolution.

Dudley, William. The American Revolution: Opposing Viewpoints. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven, 1992. Print. This made me aware that the colonies did not really have the money for a war with England. Even if they were fighting for a good cause, it was not quite logical. The colonists had been happy as things were for almost 200 years, why take the risk and ruin what they had going for them.

Edwards, Samuel. Rebel!: A Biography of Tom Paine. New York: Praeger, 1974. Print. From here I took a quote from Edwards that Paines boldness was breathtaking. . . on page 72. It made me realize that Paine had written something that was extremely radical. I also took the quote that its impact is difficult to grasp today. . . on page 33. It made me realize that Common Sense had so much of an impact, especially in a time period where information traveled slower and was harder to spread throughout various, different parts of the country. Paines ideas had transcended the boundaries.

Emery, Edwin, and Michael Emery. The Press and America. Fifth Edition. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1984. From here I took their quote that the press was "the most powerful weapon of the American revolutionaries" on page 53. It made me realize that changing the hearts and minds of the American colonists to fight for independence so passionately was so vital to their success in the American Revolution.

Foner, Eric. Tom Paine and Revolutionary America. New York: Oxford UP, 1976. Print. This made me more aware of the important fact that many Americans were not actually were not Englishman. This made it easier to help them break ties with Britain.

Godefroy, Francois. Surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown. 1884. 1 drawing : wash. Library of Congress Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Washington, D.C. This is a painting of the surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown, which basically ended the American Revolution.

"EPISODE 2: "Blows Must Decide" 1774-1776." Liberty!: The American Revolution. PBS. 2325 Nov. 1997. Television. From this episode I took scenes from it that featured quotes from Common Sense and how the news of Common Sense spread throughout the colonies.

Freeman, Brian. "British Reaction and Views of the American Revolution." Digital Factory. Digital Factory, 1 Feb. 2010. Web. 19 Feb. 2012. <http://digitaldisruption.blogspot.com/2010/02/british-reaction-and- views-ofamerican.html>. This made me realize that the Kings rejection of the Olive Branch Petition was important to the colonial radicals because it gave them the opportunity they needed to push for independence. Also, the king was could be justified for denying it. He was not being unreasonable; violent clashes had already taken place in New England and Canada. He wanted to put down the rebellion once and for all.

Freeman, Joanne. "Common Sense." Lecture. Open Yale Courses. Yale University. Web. 27 Dec. 2011. <http://oyc.yale.edu/history/hist-116/lecture-10>. From here I took parts of the Yale professors lecture.

George Washington. 1890-1900. 1 photomechanical print : halftone. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington. D.C. 10 Oct. 2011. This was a painting of George Washington, with his right arm extended holding sword, on horseback.

Hibbert, Christopher. Redcoats and Rebels: The American Revolution through British Eyes. New York: W. W. Norton &, 1990. Print. This made me understand how frustrated the British were with the colonies. They were determined to crush them quickly. The British were much more powerful than the colonies militarily

Kramnick, Isaac. "Editor's Introduction." Introduction. Thomas Paine and Common Sense. By Thomas Paine. England: Penguin, 1976. Print. This made me realize that the Americans were confused by the fighting with Britain because they saw themselves as Englishmen living abroad. Additionally, it made me aware of how Paine was influenced by his poor life in Enlgand.

Landry, Peter. "Charles Inglis (1734-1816)." Biographies. Blupete. Web. 20 Feb. 2012. <http://www.blupete.com/Hist/BiosNS/1800-67/Inglis.htm>. This is a painting of Charles Inglis.

"Liberty!- The American Revolution." PBS: Public Broadcasting Station. Twin Cities Public Television, 2004. Web. 16 Feb. 2012. <http://www.pbs.org/ktca/liberty/>. From this web site I took the background and tinted it red. I made it my header image.

Liell, Scott. 46 Pages: Thomas Paine, Common Sense, and the Turning Point to American Independence. Philadelphia: Running, 2003. Print. From page 20, I took the quote By including all of the colonists. . . This book made me aware of how the common people felt about the war before Common Sense. It also made me aware of how moderate Whigs and Tories felt about the war.

Longacre, James Barton. [Benjamin Rush, Half-length Portrait, Seated at Desk, Facing Right.] 1 print : engraving. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. This is a painting of Benjamin Rush.

Miller, John C. Origins of the American Revolution. Boston: Little, Brown and, 1943. Print. From here I took the quotes Thus George 3 became the incarnation of evil as previously he had been the embodiment of every virtue. on page 468. It made me realize that the American colonists had slowly been becoming independent but did not want to fully accept that reality. Also, Paine had reformed the colonists thoughts about the British king.

Morgan, Edmund S. The Birth of the Republic: 1763-89. 3rd ed. University of Chicago, 1956. Print. This made me aware of the boldness of Paine, how he questioned the very concept of monarchy, and how this affected the whole world.

Morris, Richard B. The American Revolution Reconsidered. New York: Harper & Row, 1967. Print. This made me more aware of the influence of Common Sense on democracy.

Nelson, Craig. Thomas Paine: Enlightenment, Revolution, and the Birth of Modern Nations. New York: Viking, 2006. Print. From here I took a quote by Nelson on page 85 and a quote from historian Bernard Baily on page 83. It made me more aware of how Paine had transformed a confusing civil war into a ennobling war with a great cause.

Nixon, John. "Would There Have Been an American Revolution without Newspaper or Mail?" The E Pluribus Unum Project: The American Conversation in the Revolutionary Era. National Endowment for the Humanities. Web. 19 Feb. 2012. <http://www1.assumption.edu/ahc/1770s/pcomconvers.html>. This made me aware of the impact of Common Sense during the American Revolution.

Odegard, Peter H. The Spirit of 76, Saturday Review of Literature, 25:5-6, March 7,1942. This was a comment on Davidsons book, Propaganda and the American Revolution. It made me more aware of how a small minority transformed much of the American colonists opinions.

Peale, Charles Wilson. Thomas Jefferson. Digital image. Learn NC. University of North Carolina. Web. 19 Feb. 2012. <http://www.learnnc.org/lp/editions/nchistnewnation/4478>. This was a painting of Thomas Jefferson.

Pearson, Hesketh. Tom Paine: Friend of Mankind. New York and London: Harper & Brothers, 1937. Print. From here I took the quote Before its publication, except for a few hotheads and republicans here and there,. . . on pages 28 to 29. It made me realize how Paine suddenly transformed the thoughts of the colonists.

Pearson, Michael. Those Damned Rebels: The American Revolution as Seen through British Eyes. New York: Putnam, 1972. Print. This made me aware of how angry the British were with the colonies. They thought the Americans were foolish for trying to fight them and how they were basically making up their cause for independence.

Plymouth Fife & Drum Corps. "Chester." Plymouth Fife & Drum Corps. 2004. MP3. This was a famous patriotic song from the time of the American Revolution.

Rosenfeld, Sophia A. Common Sense: A Political History. Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 2011. Print. From here I took the quote that began For most of history, and indeed even in North America in the early 1776. . . found on pages 2 to 3. This source made me more aware of the political impact Paine had with the idea of social leveling.

Sabine, Lorenzo. Biographical Sketches of Loyalists of the American Revolution. Boston: Little, Brown and, 1864. Print. From here I took the quote on page 274 by Reverend John Bullman that began Every idle projector, who perhaps cannot govern his own household or pay the debts of his own creating. . . This book made me more aware of how much the upper class looked down on the common people and how they felt that they certainly were not capable of making good decisions that would decided the future of a country.

Sanderlin, George. 1776: Journals of American Independence. N.Y.: Harper and Row, 1968. Print. This made it known that Common Sense was the most influential piece of literature in Americas history. It made me aware that the colonies had already been acting independently and thought highly of rationalism. This mindset would have influence Paine.

Steffens, Bradley. Printing Press: Ideas into Type. San Diego, CA: Lucent, 1990. Print. This made me realize that changing the hearts of minds of the colonists was key to the American Revolution.

The Shot Heard 'round the World. Digital image. Battle of Lexington. Word Press and the Graphene Theme. Web. 22 Feb. 2012. <http://thehistoryjunkie.com/battle-of-lexington/>. This was a painting of the Battle of Lexington.

Trumbull, John. Declaration of Independence. 1818. 1 transparency : color. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, D.C. This is the famous painting of the signing of the Declaration of Independence.

Trumbull, John. The Death of General Montgomery in the Attack on Quebec. 1786. Oil on canvas. Yale University Art Gallery, New Haven, Connecticut. This is a painting at the Battle of Quebec.

Trumbull, John. The Death of the American General Warren at the Climax of the Battle of Bunker Hill. 1786. Oil on canvas. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. This is a painting of the battle of Bunker Hill.

Wood, Gordon S. "Thomas Paine." Introduction. Common Sense and Other Writings. By Thomas Paine. New York: Modern Library, 2003. Print. From here I took the quotes by Woodrow Wilson and Benjamin rush. It made me aware of how Paine had revolutionized the thoughts on many of the colonists.

Woodward, William E. Tom Paine: America's Godfather. New York, NY: Dutton, 1945. Print. From here I took the quote by the author that began In the eighteenth century learning and literature were pompous. .. from pages 68 to 69. This book helped give me a clear
comparison of Common Sense to other pieces of writing at the time and further my understanding of the time period.