SUMARIES 1 A 25 SIMPLE PRESENT I,YOU,WE,THEY HE,SHE,IT WORK = DO WORKS =DOES

PRESENT CONTINUOUS I AM EAT+ING HE,SHE,IT IS EAT+ING YOU,WE,THEY ARE EAT+ING SIMPLE PAST I,HE,SHE,TI,YOU,WE,THEY VERB + ED AFFIRMATIVE I PLAYED TENNIS LAST NIGHT HE WROTE A SONG LAST NIGHT INTERROGATIVE DID I PLAY TENNIS LAST NIGHT? DID HE WRITE A SONG .? NEGATIVE I DID NOT PLAY TENNIS LAST NIGHT HE DID NOT WRITE A SONG.? PAST CONTINUOUS REFERS TO ACTIONS NOT COMPLETED IN THE PAST THAT OCCURRED BEFORE, DURING OR AFER THE TIME MENTIONNED SUBJECT TOBE VERB

I,HE,SHE,IT WAS PLAYING YOU,WE,THEY WERE PLAYING AFFIRMATIVE I WAS WORKING IN THE OFFICE THEY WERE INTERROGATIVE WAS I WORKING IN THE OFFICE? WERE THEY ? NEGATIVE I WASN`T WORKING IN THE OFFICE THEY WEREN`T .

PLANNING & PREDICTING FUTURE(WILL)-EXPRESS PROMISES AND PREDICTIONS, ANNOUNCES AN IMMEDIATE DECISION FUTURE(TOBE+GOING TO+VERB) EXPRESS PLANNED ACTIONS BASED ON SOME TYPE OF EVIDENCE WILL NEGATIVE =WONT PRESENT PERFECT REFERS TO ACITONS THAT HAVE A CONNECTION TO THE PRESENT SUBJECT TOHAVE I,YOU,WE,THEY HAVE HE,SHE,IT HAS PARTICIPLE WRITTEN WRITTEN

AFFIRMATIVE I HAVE BEEN ON TV ONCE HE HAS EXPLAINED IT BEFORE INTERROGATIVE HAVE I BEEN ON TV BEFORE? HAS HE EXPLAINED IT BEFORE? NEGATIVE I HAVENT BEEN ON TV BEFORE HE HASNT EXPLAINED IT BEFORE PAST PERFECT REFERS TO ACTION THAT OCCURRED BEFORE A CERTAIN POINT IN THE PAST SUBJECT TOHAVE PARTICIPLE I,YOU,WE,THEY,HE,SHE,IT HAD BEEN AFFIRMATIVE,INTERROGATIVE NEGATIVE IGUAL DEMOSTRATIVE PRONOUNS SINGULAR PLURAL NEAR THIS THESE FAR THAT THOSE

PREPOSITIONS IN CITY, STATE, COUNTRY OR REGION ON STREET OR AVENUE AT SPECIFIC NUMBER PLURAL NOUNS CH,SH,S,SS,X,Z,O F OR FE CONSOANT +Y MAN ADD ES DROP F OR FE ADD VES DROP Y ADD IES SWITCH A TO E

OBJECT PRONOUNS E REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS SUBJECT OBJECT REFLEXIVE I ME MYSELF YOU(S/P) YOU YOURSELF/SELVES HE HI HIMSELF SHE HER HERSELF IT IT ITSELF WE US OURSELVES THEY THEM THEMSELVES COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES SHORT ADJ ENDING CONSOANT/E VOWEL+CONS Y LONG ADJ IRREG ADJ AD COMP SUP OLDEST BIGGEST HAPPIEST

OLD OLDER BIG BIGGER HAPPY HAPPIER

AWFUL MORE AWFUL MOST AWLFUL LESS GOOD BETTER BEST BAD WORSE WORST FAR FARTHER FARTHEST

EX: CHLOE IS OLDER THAN ETHAN GRANDMA IS THE OLDEST IN THE FAMILY THE BLUE HOUSE IS MORE COMFORTABLE THAN THE RED ONE THE BLUE COUCH IS THE LESS CONFORTABLE SEAT IN THE HOUSE YOURS, MINE & OURS THE POSSESSIVE CASE NOT END IN S ADD `S END IN S ADD ` 2 OR MORE ADD `+S ONLY SECOND (SAME) 2 OR MORE ADD ` BOTH (DIFFERENT)

POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS SUBJECT NOUNS I YOU HE SHE IT WE THEY ADJECTIVE (BEFORE) MY YOUR HIS HER ITS OUR THEIR OBJECT (AFTER) MINE YOURS HIS HERS ITS OURS THEIRS

MODAL VERBS CAN=ABILITY(PRESENT), POSSIBILITY, SUGGESTIONS, PERMISSIONS, PROHIBITION COULD=ABILITY(PAST), SUGGESTIONS,POSSIBILITY, POLITE REQUEST MAY=PERMISSION,POSSIBILITY MIGHT=REMOTE POSSIBILITY, REQUEST (FORMAL) WOULD=OFFER,HYPOTHETICAL SITUATION SHOULD=ADVICE,EXPECTATION, OBLIGATION HAVE TO=NECESSITY,OBLIGATION, CERTAINTY USET TO=HABIT(PAST,PRES,FUT) SUPPOSED TO=EXPECTATION MUST=CERTAINTY,NECESSITY, STRONG RECOMMEND,PROHIBIT SHALL=FUTURE ACTION(FORMAL), PROMISE,INEVITABILITY,SUGGESTION EITHER,NEITHER,SO DO I,OR I DONT LIKE BRAD ME NEITHER / NEITHER DO I I LOVE ANGELINA ME TOO/SO DO I/I ALSO LOVE HER WHICH MAGAZINE DO YOU LIKE BETTER:A OR B? NEITHER ONE. THEYRE BOTH TERRIBLE EITHER ONE.THEYRE THE SOME TO ME BOB LIKES NEITHER CATS OR DOG

CONDITIONAL: IF CLAUSES FACT WHAT IS/WAS ALWAYS TRUE TENSE =PRES/PRES IF YOU HEAT ICE, IT MELTS TENSE=PAST/PAST IF IT RAINED,WE TOOK A CAB TO WORK POSSIBILITY TENSE=PRES+WILL REAL POSSIBILITY IF YOU WIN THE BET,ILL GIVE YOU TWENTY BUCKS HYPOTHETICAL SITUATIONS PAST+WOULD IF MARRIED HIM,I WOULD BE THE HAPPIEST WOMAN HYPOTHETICAL SITUATIONS PAST PAST PERF+WOULD HAVE IF HAD LOCKED MAY CAR, NOBODY WOULDVE STOLEN IT IMPERATIVE IMPER+PRESENT IF YOU SEE DAVID, ASK HIM TO CALL ME HOT VERBS TO LOOK TO LOOK INTO=TO INVESTIGATE TO LOOK FOR=TO SEARCH FOR TO LOOK AT=TO OBSERVE TO LOOK AFTER=TO TAKE CARE OF TO LOOK UP TO=TO ADMIRE TO LOOK FORWARD TO=TO EXPECT EXCITEDLY TO LOOK UP=TO SEARCH FOR INFORMATION TO LOOK DOWN ON=TO REGARD WITH CONTEMPT TO LOOK OUT=TO BE CAREFULL TO LOOK IN ON=TO VISIT TO LOOK OVER=TO EXAMINE QUICKLY

REPORTED SPEECH DIRECT =REPORTED SPEECH SIMPLE PRESENT=SIMPLE PAST PRESENT CONT=PAST CONT SIMPLE PAST=PAST PERFECT PRESENT PERF=PAST PERFECT PRESENT PERF CONT=PAST PERF CONT EX: DIRECT AND INDIRECT I AM VERY SAD;SHE SAID SHE SAID SHE WAS VERY SAD WHAT WILL YOU DO?;SHE ASKED ME SHE ASKED ME WHAT I WOULD DO ARE YOU LISTENING TO ME?;SHE ASKED ME SHE ASKED ME IF, WAS LISTENING TO HER CLOSE THE DOOR!;SHE SAID SHE SAID TO CLOSE THE DOOR OR SHE SAID NOT TO CLOSE THE DOOR LETS HAVE A BEER. HE SAID HE SAID TO HAVE A BEER TAG QUESTIONS Confirm a statement Afirmative Statement= Negative tag She is a teacher isnt she? I saw you at the party Didnt I? You like cheeder Dont you? Youre married Arent you? Negative Statement= Positive tag She isnt a doctor Is she? You werent at the party Were you?

You dont like liver Do you? Youre not married Are you? Imperative Statements= Positive tag Leave me alone Will you? Let me finish Will you? Give me a hand Would you? Exceptions Im right, arent I? Lets go, shall we? Thats Jim. Isnt it? Theres a fee, isnt there? There isnt any body at home, is there? Everybody likes pop corn, dont they? Everybody is ready, arent they? ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE 1)MARIA WRITES BOOKS 2)BOOKS ARE WRITTEN BY MARIA Written=past participle Are=to be Brazil export coffee (simple pres) Coffee is exported by Brazil (past part) They turned off our water (simple past) Our water was turned off by them (past part) My mother is cooking the dinner now (continuous) The dinner is being cooked by my mother now (continuous+past part) The teacher has explained the exercise (pres perf) The exercise has been explained by the teacher (pres perf + past part) My mother will cook the dinner tomorrow (fut) The dinner will be cooked by my mother tomorrow (fut+past part) A loud noise woke us last night We were woken up by a loud