AS 11631991

Australian Standard
Structural steel hollow sections

This Australian Standard was prepared by Committee BD/23, Structural Steel. It was approved on behalf of the Council of Standards Australia on 30 August 1991 and published on 15 November 1991.

The following interests are represented on Committee BD/23: Australian Chamber of Manufacturers Australian Institute of Steel Construction AUSTROADS Bureau of Steel Manufacturers of Australia Confederation of Australian Industry Institute of Steel Service Centres of Australia Master Builders Construction and Housing Association Australia Metal Trades Industry Association of Australia Railways of Australia Committee Steel Reinforcement Institute of Australia University of Queensland University of Sydney

Review of Australian Standards. To keep abreast of progress in industry, Australian Standards are subject to periodic review and are kept up to date by the issue of amendments or new edit ions as necessary. It is important therefore that Standards users ensure that they are in possession of the latest edit ion, and any amendments thereto. Full detail s of all Australi an Standards and related publications will be found in the Standards Australi a Catalogue of Publications; this informati on is supplemented each month by the magazine The Australi an Standard, which subscribing members receive, and which gives details of new publi cati ons, new edit ions and amendments, and of withdrawn Standards. Suggesti ons for improvements to Australian Standards, addressed to the head off ice of Standards Australi a, are welcomed. Noti fi cati on of any inaccuracy or ambiguity found in an Australian Standard should be made without delay in order that the matter may be investigated and appropriate action taken.

This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 90108.

AS 11631991

Australian Standard
Structural steel hollow sections

First publi shed as AS A1771969. Revised and redesignated AS 11631973. AS A177 wit hdrawn 1976. Second editi on AS 11631981. Thir d editi on 1991. Incorporating: Amdt 11992 Amdt 21996

PUBLISHED BY STANDARDS AUSTRALIA (STANDARDS ASSOCIATION OF AUSTRALIA) 1 THE CRESCENT, HOMEBUSH, NSW 2140
ISBN 0 7262 7109 8

AS 11631991

PREFACE
This Standard was prepared by the Standards Australia Committee on Structural Steel to supersede AS 11631981. This edition incorporates the following changes: (a) The deletion of C200 and all H (hot-formed) grades. The inclusion of a new cold-formed grade C450 and grades with guaranteed impact performance at 0C, namely C250L0, C350L0 and C450L0. In line with the above change, the tensile strengths of grades C250 and C350 are reduced to reflect the properties obtained on cold-formed sections. (b) A revised table on chemical analysis. (c) An amended table on minimum inside radius. (d) A revised table on tensile test requirements. (e) The deletion of the previous Appendix B on rounding of numbers in lieu of reference to AS 2706.

CONTENTS
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . REFERENCED DOCUMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DEFINITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DESIGNATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . STEELMAKING PROCESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CHEMICAL COMPOSITION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DIMENSIONS, MASS AND GEOMETRICAL PROPERTIES . . . . . . DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MASS TOLERANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FREEDOM FROM DEFECTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . REMOVAL OF SURFACE DEFECTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . REMOVAL OF UPSET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MECHANICAL TESTING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PREPARATION OF TEST PIECES FOR MECHANICAL TESTING . MECHANICAL TEST REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MECHANICAL PROPERTIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ROUNDING OF NUMBERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MARKING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. . . ..... ..... .. .. . ... .. ..... ..... . .. .. .... . .. ... ..... ..... .... . ..... . .. .. ..... ..... ..... . .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ... ... .. .. ... ... .. . .... .. ... .. ... ... .. .. ... .. . .. ..... .. .. . .... . .. ... ..... ... .. .. ... ..... Page 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 8 8 8

APPENDICES A PURCHASING GUIDELINES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B MEANS FOR DEMONSTRATING COMPLIANCE WITH THIS STANDARD . . . . . . . C DIMENSIONS AND PROPERTIES OF CROSS-SECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D METHOD FOR VERIFYING GRADE L0 COMPLIANCE OF THIN WALL SECTIONS

10 11 13 24

Copyri ght STANDARDS AUSTRALIA Users of Standards are reminded that copyri ght subsists in all Standards Australi a publications and soft ware. Except where the Copyri ght Act all ows and except where provided for below no publications or software produced by Standards Austr alia may be reproduced, stored in a retri eval system in any form or transmitt ed by any means without pri or permission in wri ti ng fr om Standards Australi a. Permission may be conditi onal on an appropriate royalt y payment. Requests for permission and information on commercial soft ware royalti es should be dir ected to the head off ice of Standards Australi a. Standards Austr alia will permit up to 10 percent of the technical content pages of a Standard to be copied for use exclusively in-house by purchasers of the Standard wit hout payment of a royalty or advice to Standards Austr alia. Standards Austr alia wil l also permit the inclusion of it s copyright material in computer software programs for no royalt y payment provided such programs are used exclusively in-house by the creators of the programs. Care should be taken to ensure that material used is fr om the current editi on of the Standard and that it is updated whenever the Standard is amended or revised. The number and date of the Standard should therefore be clearly identif ied. The use of material in pri nt form or in computer soft ware programs to be used commercially, with or without payment, or in commercial contracts is subject to the payment of a royalty. This policy may be vari ed by Standards Austr alia at any ti me.

AS 11631991

STANDARDS AUSTRALIA Australian Standard Structural steel hollow sections

1 SCOPE This Standard specifies the requirements for cold-formed steel hollow sections for structural purposes, for the six grades of steel that are suitable for welding.
NOTES: 1 For guideli nes on information to be supplied at the time of enquir y or order, see Appendix A. 2 Alternative means for demonstr ating compliance with this Standard are given in Appendix B.

2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS The following documents are referred to in this Standard: AS 1050 Methods for the analysis of iron and steel 1171 Methods for magnetic particle testing of ferromagnetic products and components 1199 Sampling procedures and tables for inspection by attributes 1210 SAA Unfired Pressure Vessels Code 1213 Iron and steel Methods of sampling 1391 Methods for tensile testing of metals 1399 Guide to AS 1199 Sampling procedures and tables for inspection by attributes 1544 Methods for impact tests on metals 1544.2 Part 2: Charpy V-notch 1553 Covered electrodes for welding 1554 SAA Structural Steel Welding Code 1554.1 Part 1: Welding of steel structures 2084 Non-destructive testing Eddy current testing of metal tubes 3900 Quality systems Guide to selection and use 3904 Quality management and quality system elements K1 Methods for the sampling and analysis of iron and steel ISO 2566 Steel Conversion of elongation values 2566-1 Part 1: Carbon and low alloy steels Guide 44 General rules of ISO or IEC international third-party certification schemes for products 3 DEFINITIONS For the purpose of this Standard, the definitions below apply. 3.1 Batch hollow sections of the same size, thickness and grade manufactured from the same cast. 3.2 Cast analysis chemical analysis determined from a test sample taken during casting. 3.3 Cold-formed hollow section hollow sections formed and shaped at ambient temperature from a single strip of steel, both edges of which are continuously welded by either the electric resistance or submerged arc process. 3.4 Longitudinal direction direction parallel to the longitudinal weld. 3.5 Product analysis chemical analysis determined from a test sample of the finished material. 3.6 Testing mechanical and chemical analysis tests as required by this Standard. 3.7 Test piece piece prepared for testing, made from a test specimen by a mechanical operation. 3.8 Test sample portion of material or product or a group of items selected from a batch or group by sampling. 3.9 Test specimen portion or a single item taken from the test sample for the purpose of applying a particular test. 3.10 Transverse direction direction at right angles to the longitudinal weld. 3.11 Unit length of hollow section. 4 DESIGNATION All grades shall be designated as follows: Example: AS 1163C250L0 where AS 1163 = number of this Standard C = cold-formed sections 250 = nominal minimum yield strength of steel L = guaranteed impact properties of the material 0 = low temperature impact test at 0C
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AS 11631991

5 STEELMAKING PROCESS The steel shall be made to fine-grained continuously-cast practice. 6 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 6.1 General The method of sampling for chemical analysis shall be in accordance with AS 1213. Chemical composition shall be determined in accordance with AS 1050 or AS K1. 6.2 Cast analysis A chemical analysis of the steel from each cast shall be made to determine the proportions of the specified elements. The reported cast analysis of the steel from which a hollow section is manufactured shall conform to the limits given in Table 1 for the appropriate grade. 6.3 Product analysis The chemical analysis of the finished product is not a requirement of this Standard. When the steel is subject to a product analysis, the analysis shall conform to the limits given in Table 1 for the appropriate grade. TABLE 1 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
Grades (see Note 1) C250 C250L0 C350 C350L0 C450 C450L0 Chemical composit ion (cast or product analysis) (see Note 2) % max. C 0.12 0.20 (see Note 5) 0.20 Si 0.05 0.25 0.45 Mn 0.50 1.60 1.60 P 0.040 0.040 0.040 S 0.030 0.030 0.030 Mo 0.10 0.10 0.35 Al (see Note 3) 0.10 0.10 0.10 Ti 0.04 Micro-alloying elements 0.030 (see Note 6) 0.15 (see Note 7) 0.15 (see Note 7) CE (see Note 4) 0.25 0.39 0.39

NOTES: 1 The use of sulfi de modifi cati on steelmaking techniques for these grades is permitt ed. 2 The foll owing elements may be present to the limit s stated, subject to a total content of 0.3 percent: (a) Copper: 0.15 percent (b) Nickel: 0.15 percent (c) Chromium: 0.15 percent 3 Limits specifi ed are for soluble or total aluminium. 4 Carbon equivalent (CE) is calculated from the foll owing equation:

5 6 7

At the discretion of the manufacturer, the carbon content (C) of grades C350 and C350L0 may be increased to 0.26 percent provided all other requir ements are met. Applies to niobium and vanadium only. However niobium greater than 0.010 percent is not permit ted. Applies to niobium, vanadium and ti tanium only. However vanadium greater than 0.10 percent is not permitt ed.

7 DIMENSIONS, MASS AND GEOMETRICAL PROPERTIES Appendix C gives dimensions, mass and geometrical properties of common sizes of hollow sections produced in accordance with Table 1. 8 DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCES 8.1 Length The maximum permissible variation in the length of a hollow section product specified as exact or cut shall conform to the limits given in Table 2. When it is not specified as exact or cut, the maximum permissible variation from the length is +100, 0 mm. TABLE 2 MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE VARIATION IN LENGTH SPECIFIED AS EXACT OR CUT
Range of length m 14 > 14 to 18 > 18 Maximum permissible variation in length mm +6 0 + 10 0 Not specifi ed (see Note)

NOTE: Tolerances should be specifi ed at time of order.

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AS 11631991

8.2 Cross-section The maximum permissible variation in the cross-sectional dimensions of a hollow section shall conform to the appropriate limits given in Figures 1 and 2. A thickness tolerance of 10 percent shall apply. The radii of the corners of square hollow sections (SHS) and rectangular hollow sections (RHS) shall be as follows: (a) Maximum outside radius: 3t. (b) Minimum outside radius: 1.5t (for RHS and SHS with perimeter equal to 50 50 or less). 1.8t (for RHS and SHS with perimeter greater than 50 50). where t is the section thickness, in millimetres.

mill imetres Specif ied outside diameter (do ) 50 >50 Maximum permissible variation in specifi ed outside diameter +0.4 0.8 0.01 d o

FIGU RE 1 MAX IMUM PE RMISSIBLE VA RIATION IN CROSS -SEC TION OF CIRC ULAR HOLLOW SEC TIONS

Outside dimension of side (b) or (d) mm 50 >50

Maximum permissible variation in specif ied outside dimension of side mm 0.5 0.01 b or 0.01d

Maximum permissible out- ofsquare at corners degree 1

FIGU RE 2 MAX IMUM PE RMISSIBLE VA RIATION IN CROSS -SEC TION OF SQ UA RE AND REC TANGULAR HOLLOW SE CTIONS

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AS 11631991

8.3 Straightness The maximum permissible variation from straightness in a length of hollow section product shall not exceed:

8.4 Twist (rectangular sections) For rectangular hollow sections, the maximum value of V (see Figure 3) shall not exceed 2 mm plus 0.5 mm per metre length.

9 MASS TOLERANCE The mass of a length of hollow section shall be not less than 0.96 times the specified mass. 10 FREEDOM FROM DEFECTS The section shall be free from lamination, surface flaws and other defects detrimental to its use for structural purposes. 11 REMOVAL OF SURFACE DEFECTS 11.1 Grinding When removal of surface defects by grinding is adopted, the ground area shall be well flared and the remaining wall thickness in the ground area shall be not less than 90 percent of the nominal thickness. 11.2 Depositing weld metal Welding used in the repair of surface defects shall be performed in accordance with AS 1554.1, using low-hydrogen electrodes complying with AS 1553. Welds shall be sound, the weld metal being thoroughly fused without undercutting or overlap. The weld metal shall project at least 1.5 mm above the rolled surface and the projecting metal shall be removed by grinding flush with the rolled surface. 12 REMOVAL OF UPSET Hollow sections produced by electric resistance welding shall have the external upset removed. 13 MECHANICAL TESTING 13.1 General Test pieces for tensile tests, impact tests and cold flattening tests shall be taken from a single test specimen. Test pieces shall be in the same condition as the sections that they represent. 13.2 Orientation of test pieces 13.2.1 Tensile test and impact test The test piece shall be cut such that the major axis is in the longitudinal direction. 13.2.2 Cold flattening test The test piece shall be cut in the transverse direction. 13.3 Position and orientation of test piece 13.3.1 Tensile test and impact test The test piece shall be selected from any position along the length of the test specimen such that the requirements of Clause 13.1 are complied with. 13.3.2 Cold flattening test A test piece shall be cut from one end of a test specimen which contains a longitudinal weld.

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AS 11631991

14 PREPARATION OF TEST PIECES FOR MECHANICAL TESTING 14.1 General It shall be permissible to discard a test piece which shows defective machining or develops flaws during preparation and to submit another test piece. 14.2 Tensile test pieces 14.2.1 Form of test piece The tensile test piece shall be in the form given in either Item (a) or (b) below: (a) A test piece with dimensions conforming to those specified in AS 1391, cut from the test specimen. The location of the test piece shall be as specified in Clause 14.2.2 or Clause 14.2.3, as appropriate. (b) A length of the full section test specimen. The test piece shall be aged in accordance with Clause 14.4. 14.2.2 Circular hollow sections (CHS) The tensile test piece cut from a test specimen shall not be flattened between gauge marks. For a length of circular hollow section containing a longitudinal weld, the test piece shall be taken from approximately 90 degrees from the weld. 14.2.3 Rectangular hollow sections (RHS) The tensile test piece cut from a test specimen shall be taken from any side midway between and excluding the corners. The test piece shall not include a longitudinal weld. 14.3 Impact test piece Three test pieces shall be prepared from each specimen and cut parallel to the longitudinal axis of the hollow section, with the axis of the notch perpendicular to the rolled surface of the section. For rectangular hollow sections, the test specimen shall be taken from the middle of either the long or short side remote from the weld (see Figure 4). The test piece shall be prepared in accordance with AS 1544.2 using, where necessary, the largest practicable subsidiary test piece. It shall be permissible to discard a test piece which shows defective machining or develops flaws and to submit another test piece. 14.4 Ageing treatment Prior to tensile or impact testing, the test pieces shall be aged by heating to a temperature between 150C and 200C for a period not less than 15 min. 14.5 Cold flattening test The test piece shall be taken in the form of a cross-section from one end of a finished length of a circular hollow section which contains a longitudinal weld. The length of the test piece shall be not less than 40 mm. All burrs shall be removed before testing.

15 MECHANICAL TEST REQUIREMENTS 15.1 Tensile test The tensile test shall be carried out in accordance with AS 1391. The rate of straining when approaching the yield point shall lie within the highest range of strain rate given in AS 1391. Elongation results shall be reported on a gauge length L o = 5.65 So where S o is the original cross-sectional area. Conversion of results from a non-proportional gauge length shall be in accordance with ISO 2566-1. 15.2 Impact test Impact tests shall be performed at 0C in accordance with AS 1544.2.

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AS 11631991

15.3 Cold flattening test The flattening test piece shall be flattened at room temperature between two parallel plane surfaces with the weld located as follows in relation to the direction of flattening: (a) For do 60 mm: at 45 degrees (b) For do > 60 mm: at 90 degrees where do is the nominal outside diameter of the circular hollow section, in millimetres. The test piece shall be flattened until the distance between the surfaces is 0.75d o . 16 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES 16.1 Tensile test When tested in accordance with Clause 15.1, the yield strength, tensile strength and elongation of the test piece shall conform to the limits given in Table 3 for the appropriate grade. 16.2 Impact test When tested in accordance with Clause 15.2, the absorbed energy value (J) resulting from (a) each individual test; and (b) the average of three tests; shall conform to the specified values given in Table 4 for the appropriate grade. 16.3 Cold flattening test When tested in accordance with Clause 15.3, a test piece taken from a circular section with a longitudinal weld shall show no signs of cracks or flaws. Superficial ruptures arising from surface imperfections shall not be cause for rejection. TABLE 3 TENSILE TEST REQUIREMENTS
Minimum elongati on as a proporti on of the gauge length of 5.65S o Grade Minimum yield strength MPa C250, C250L0 C350, C350L0 C450, C450L0 250 350 450 Minimum tensil e strength MPa 320 430 500 Circular hollow sections 22 20 16 percent Rectangular hollow sections 18 16 14

TABLE 4 CHARPY V-NOTCH IMPACT TEST REQUIREMENTS

Test temperature Grade C C250L0 C350L0 C450L0 0 0 0 10 mm 10 mm Minimum absorbed energy, J Size of test piece 10 mm 7.5 mm 10 mm 5 mm 10 mm 2.5 mm

Average of Individual Average of Individual Average of Individual Average of Individual 3 tests test 3 tests test 3 tests test 3 tests test 27 27 27 20 20 20 22 22 22 16 16 16 18 18 18 13 13 13 9 9 9 7 7 7

NOTE: For 10 10, 10 7.5, 10 5 or 10 2.5 mm test piece sizes where it is not practical to machine fr om product, it is permissible to designate the product as grade L0 provided requirements specif ied in Appendix D are met.

17 ROUNDING OF NUMBERS 17.1 General For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this Standard is complied with, the determined value, observed or calculated, shall be rounded off in accordance with AS 2706. The number of significant places retained in the rounded-off values shall be the same as that of the specified value in the appropriate material Standard. 17.2 Tensile properties The determined value of tensile strength shall be rounded off to the nearest 10 MPa and the determined value of yield strength shall be rounded off to the nearest 5 MPa. 18 MARKING The material shall be marked or tagged (for bundles) (a) to identify the manufacturer; (b) to indicate the grade of steel (see Clause 4); (c) to enable product dimensions to be identified with this Standard; and (d) with a serialized identification number.
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AS 11631991

Where marking is by means of die-stamping, low-stress stamps may be used.

NOTES: 1 Manufacturers making a statement of compli ance with this Austr alian Standard on a product, or on packaging or promotional materi al related to that product, are advised to ensure that such compli ance is capable of being verif ied. 2 Independent certi fi cati on is avail able fr om Standards Australi a under the StandardsMark Product Cert if ication Scheme. The StandardsMark, shown below, is a registered certi fi cati on tr ade mark owned by Standards Austr alia and granted under licence to manufacturers whose products comply wit h the requir ements of suit able Australi an Standards and who operate sound qualit y assurance programs to ensure consistent product qualit y. 3 Furt her informati on on product cert if ication and the suit abil it y of this Standard for cert if ication is available from Standards Australi as Quali ty Assurance Services, 1 The Crescent, Homebush, N.S.W. 2140.

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APPENDIX A

PURCHASING GUIDELINES
(Informative) A1 INFORMATION TO BE SUPPLIED BY THE PURCHASER The purchaser should supply the following information at the time of enquiry or order, after making due reference to the explanation, advice and recommendations contained in this Appendix: (a) Designation of grade and Standard number. (b) Quantity and delivery instructions (dates, schedules, delivery point). (c) Dimensions of steel, e.g. section, length, mass per unit length applicable, bundle masses.
NOTE: Attention is drawn to the desirabili ty of specifying cross-sectional dimensions in terms of Appendix C. It should be noted that sizes not listed in Appendix C are not precluded for specif ication purposes, but are subject to negoti ation.

(d) Whether a test certificate or certificate of compliance is required (see Paragraph A3). (e) Any information concerning processing or end-use that the purchaser considers would be of assistance. (f) Whether it is the intention of the purchaser to inspect the steel at the manufacturers works (see Paragraph A4). (g) Special finish or coating, e.g. galvanized. (h) End finish. (i) Special tolerances. (j) Any exceptions to the Standard or any special or supplementary requirements, e.g. impact testing at 30C for rolled over protection structure (ROPS). (k) If impact testing other than that specified in this Standard is required, the test temperature, size of test piece and minimum absorbed energy value resulting from (i) each individual test; and (ii) the average of three tests. A2 SUPPLEMENTARY TESTS A2.1 Non-destructive testing If non-destructive testing is required by the purchaser, the test method to be used and the limits of acceptance should be determined at the time of enquiry or order. The test method should be in accordance with AS 1171 and AS 2084, where appropriate. A2.2 Independent test In the event of a dispute as to the compliance of the steel with this Standard, the purchaser and the supplier should agree to have referee testing carried out by an independent laboratory, whose results should be accepted as final. A laboratory registered by the National Association of Testing Authorities, Australia, for the field and class of testing, is recommended. A3 CERTIFICATES OF COMPLIANCE AND TEST CERTIFICATES A3.1 Certificates of compliance Certificates of compliance include a statement that the material complies with this Standard. A3.2 Test certificates Test certificates show such results as may be required by agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer, relating to (a) tests performed by the manufacturer for the purpose of establishing compliance with this Standard; and (b) additional tests as agreed between the purchaser and manufacturer. A4 INSPECTION If it is the purchasers intention to undertake any of the following functions at the manufacturers works, this should be notified at the time of enquiry or order, and should be accomplished in a manner which will not interfere with the operation of the works: (a) Inspection of the product during manufacture. (b) Witnessing of the selection and identification of test samples. (c) Witnessing the tests being performed. The manufacturer should afford the purchaser all reasonable facilities to establish that the steel complies with this Standard.

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AS 11631991

APPENDIX B

MEANS FOR DEMONSTRATING COMPLIANCE WITH THIS STANDARD

(Informative) B1 SCOPE This Appendix sets out the following different methods by which compliance with this Standard can be demonstrated by the manufacturer or supplier: (a) Assessment by means of statistical sampling. (b) The use of Standards Australias StandardsMark scheme. (c) Assurance using the acceptability of the suppliers quality system. (d) Other such means proposed by the manufacturer or supplier and acceptable to the customer. B2 STATISTICAL SAMPLING Statistical sampling is a procedure that enables decisions to be made about the quality of batches of items after inspecting or testing only a portion of those items. This procedure will only be valid if the sampling plan has been determined on a statistical basis and the following requirements are met: (a) The sample is drawn randomly from a population of product of known history that enables verification that the product was made from known materials at essentially the same time by essentially the same processes and under essentially the same system of control. (b) For each different situation, a suitable sampling plan is defined. A sampling plan for one manufacturer of given capability and product throughput may not be relevant to another manufacturer producing the same items. In order for statistical sampling to be meaningful to the customer, the manufacturer or supplier needs to demonstrate how the above conditions have been satisfied. Sampling and the establishment of a sampling plan should be carried out in accordance with AS 1199, guidance to which is given in AS 1399. B3 PRODUCT CERTIFICATION STANDARDSMARK The general purpose of StandardsMark certification is to provide independent assurance of the claim by the manufacturer that products comply with the stated Australian or International Standard. It is a certification scheme that meets the criteria of an ISO Type 5 scheme as specified by ISO Guide 44 in that, as well as full type testing from independently sampled production and subsequent verification of conformance, it requires the manufacturer to maintain an effective quality plan to control production to ensure conformance with the relevant Standard. The StandardsMark serves to indicate that the products consistently conform to the requirements of the Standard. The StandardsMark can only be used by manufacturers approved and licensed by Standards Australia and only when accompanied by the number of the applicable Standard. B4 SUPPLIERS QUALITY SYSTEM Where the manufacturer or supplier can demonstrate an audited and registered quality management system complying with the requirements of the appropriate or stipulated Australian or International Standard for suppliers quality systems, such demonstration may provide the necessary confidence that the specified requirements will be met. The quality assurance requirements need to be agreed between the customer and supplier and should include a quality or inspection and test plan to ensure product conformity. Guidance in determining the appropriate quality management system is given in AS 3900 and AS 3904. B5 OTHER MEANS OF ASSESSMENT If the above methods are considered inappropriate, determination of compliance with the requirements of this Standard may be assessed on the basis of the results of testing coupled with the manufacturers guarantee of product conformance. Irrespective of acceptable quality levels (AQLs) or test frequencies, the responsibility remains with the manufacturer or supplier to deliver products that conform with the full requirements of the Standard. To assess compliance with this specification, consideration may be given to the results of testing in accordance with Paragraphs B5.1, B5.2 and B5.3. B5.1 Sampling of tensile test, impact test and cold flattening test Test samples should be taken as follows: (a) One sample for a batch not exceeding 50 tonnes. (b) One additional sample from the balance of the batch.

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B5.2 Compliance Each batch complies with this Standard if all of the samples tested give results which are within the specified limits. If any of the properties of the tested samples give results outside the specified limits, the requirements of Paragraph B5.3 apply. B5.3 Retests B5.3.1 Tensile test and cold flattening test If a retest is carried out, one or more of the following procedures should be adopted: (a) Make two additional tests on test pieces from samples taken from a position as near as practical to the failed sample. The unit complies with this Standard provided both additional test pieces comply with Clauses 16.1 and 16.3 as appropriate. (b) Make two test samples at random from the remainder of the test batch. If the test pieces from both additional samples comply with Clauses 16.1 and 16.3 as appropriate, the remainder complies with this Standard. If one of these additional samples fails to comply, the steel of the applicable test batch does not comply with this Standard. (c) Make test samples from each rolled unit of steel and individually test in accordance with this Standard. If the test piece from the additional sample complies with Clauses 16.1 and 16.3 as appropriate, the rolled unit of steel complies with this Standard. (d) Reprocess (e.g. heat-treat) the unit which failed and perform another complete set of tests in accordance with Paragraph B5.1. The unit complies with this Standard if the reprocessed test pieces comply with Clauses 16.1 and 16.3 as appropriate. The remainder of the test batch complies with this Standard provided it is reprocessed in the same manner as the above reprocessed unit and complies with the requirements of Clauses 16.1 and 16.3 as appropriate. B5.3.2 Impact tests If a retest is carried out, one or more of the following procedures should be adopted: (a) If the average value of the three impact test results is less than the specified minimum average, or if one value is less than the specified individual test value given in Table 4 (i) test three additional test pieces from the original sample in accordance with Clause 14.3; and (ii) add the results to those previously obtained and calculate a new average. If the average value of the six tests is not less than the specified minimum average, and not more than one result of the six tests is below the specified individual test value, then the unit complies with this Standard. (b) Take two further test samples at random from the remainder of the test batch. If the test pieces from both additional samples comply with Clause 16.2, then the remainder complies with this Standard. If one of these additional samples fails to comply, the batch (see Paragraph B5.1) does not comply with this Standard. (c) Take test samples from each rolled unit of steel and individually test in accordance with this Standard. If the test piece from the additional sample complies with Clause 16.2, then the rolled unit of steel complies with this Standard. (d) Reprocess (e.g. heat-treat) the units which failed and perform another complete set of tests in accordance with Paragraph B5.1. If the reprocessed test pieces comply with Clauses 16.1, 16.2 and, if applicable, Clause 16.3, then the unit complies with this Standard. The remainder of the test batch complies with this Standard provided it is reprocessed in the same manner as the above reprocessed units and complies with the requirements of Clauses 16.1, 16.2 and, if applicable, Clause 16.3.

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APPENDIX C

DIMENSIONS AND PROPERTIES OF CROSS-SECTION

(Normative) The following Figures C1 to C6 are not restrictive (see Clause 7). Other sizes in various grades are also available in Australia. Although they appear in the following tables, certain sizes may not always be available in all grades.
NOTE: Users are advised to check availabili ty before incorporating holl ow secti ons in major designs.

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14

1 Designati on Outside Thickness diameter

6 Gross area of crosssecti on

10

11

12

External surface area Mass per unit length Ratio per unit length per unit mass Second moment of area

About any axis Elastic secti on modulus Plastic secti on modulus Radius of gyration Torsion constant Torsion modulus

do
mm

t
mm kg/m 187 141 95.3 155 117 79.2 21.3 19.7 m /m 1.92 1.92 1.92 1.60 1.60 1.60 0.519 0.519
2

do t
m /t 10.2 13.6 20.1 10.3 13.7 20.2 24.4 26.3 48.0 64.2 95.3 40.0 53.5 79.4 30.6 33.0
2

Ag
mm
2 6

l
10 mm 1 060 808 553 606 462 317 8.65 8.07
4 3

Z
10 mm 3 490 2 650 1 810 2 390 1 820 1 250 105 97.7
3 3

S
10 mm 4 530 3 430 2 330 3 120 2 360 1 610 138 128
3

r
mm 211 212 213 175 176 177 56.5 56.6
6

J
10 mm 2 130 1 620 1 110 1 210 925 634 17.3 16.1
4 3

C
10 mm3 6 970 5 300 3 620 4 770 3 640 2 500 209 195

610.0 12.7 CHS 610.0 9.5 CHS 610.0 6.4 CHS 508.0 12.7 CHS 508.0 9.5 CHS 508.0 6.4 CHS 165.1 5.4 CHS 165.1 5.0 CHS

23 800 17 900 12 100 19 800 14 900 10 100 2 710 2 510

FIGUR E C1 (in part) CIRC ULAR HOLLOW SEC TIONS OF GRAD E C250
COPYRIGHT

15 1 Designati on Outside Thickness diameter Mass per unit length 2 3 4 5 Ratio per unit length per unit mass 6 Gross area of crosssecti on 7 8 9 10 11 Torsion constant

AS 11631991 12 Torsion modulus

External surface area

About any axis Second moment of area Elastic secti on modulus Plastic secti on modulus Radius of gyration

do
mm

t
mm kg/m 17.9 16.6 14.5 12.2 11.9 9.63 12.1 10.3 8.38 10.2 7.95 6.44 7.31 6.19 5.03 5.71 4.37 3.56 4.53 3.79 3.09 3.24 2.93 2.41 2.26 1.87 1.56 1.57 1.43 1.20 1.02 0.845 0.758 0.635 m2/m 0.439 0.439 0.359 0.359 0.319 0.319 0.279 0.279 0.279 0.239 0.239 0.239 0.189 0.189 0.189 0.152 0.152 0.152 0.133 0.133 0.133 0.106 0.106 0.106 0.084 5 0.084 5 0.084 5 0.066 9 0.066 9 0.066 9 0.054 0 0.054 0 0.042 4 0.042 4 m2/t 24.5 26.4 24.8 29.5 26.8 33.2 23.1 27.0 33.3 23.4 30.1 37.1 25.9 30.6 37.6 26.6 34.7 42.6 29.4 35.2 43.1 32.7 36.1 44.0 37.4 45.2 54.2 42.6 46.8 55.8 52.8 63.9 55.9 66.8

do t
25.9 27.9 21.2 25.4 20.3 25.4 15.1 17.8 22.2 12.9 16.9 21.1 11.2 13.4 16.8 8.9 12.1 15.1 8.7 10.6 13.3 7.5 8.4 10.5 6.7 8.4 10.3 5.9 6.7 8.2 5.9 7.5 4.7 5.9

Ag
mm2 2 280 2 120 1 850 1 550 1 520 1 230 1 540 1 320 1 070 1 300 1 010 820 931 789 641 728 557 453 577 483 394 413 373 307 288 238 198 200 182 153 130 108 96.6 80.9

l
106 mm4 5.14 4.81 2.75 2.34 1.77 1.46 1.33 1.16 0.963 0.807 0.651 0.540 0.354 0.309 0.259 0.170 0.138 0.116 0.103 0.089 9 0.076 2 0.045 0 0.041 9 0.036 0 0.019 4 0.017 0 0.014 8 0.008 16 0.007 68 0.006 81 0.003 47 0.003 06 0.001 46 0.001 32

Z
103 mm3 73.7 68.8 48.0 41.0 34.9 28.8 30.0 26.2 21.7 21.2 17.1 14.21 11.8 10.2 8.58 7.04 5.70 4.80 4.87 4.24 3.59 2.67 2.49 2.14 1.45 1.27 1.10 0.767 0.722 0.639 0.403 0.356 0.216 0.196

S
103 mm3 97.4 90.8 64.1 54.3 46.7 38.1 40.7 35.2 28.9 29.1 23.1 8.9 16.3 14.0 11.6 9.99 7.87 6.52 6.93 5.92 4.93 3.87 3.55 2.99 2.12 1.81 1.54 1.14 1.06 0.915 0.601 0.515 0.334 0.293

r
mm 47.5 47.7 38.5 38.9 34.2 34.5 29.4 29.7 30.0 24.9 25.4 25.7 19.5 19.8 20.1 15.3 15.7 16.0 13.4 13.6 13.9 10.4 10.6 10.8 8.22 8.46 8.64 6.39 6.50 6.68 5.16 5.33 3.89 4.04

J
106 mm4 10.3 9.61 5.49 4.69 3.55 2.93 2.66 2.33 1.93 1.61 1.30 1.08 0.709 0.618 0.517 0.340 0.275 0.232 0.206 0.180 0.152 0.090 1 0.083 8 0.072 1 0.038 9 0.034 1 0.029 6 0.016 3 0.015 4 0.013 6 0.006 93 0.006 12 0.002 92 0.002 64

C
103 mm3 147 138 96.1 82.0 69.9 57.6 59.9 52.4 43.3 42.4 34.2 28.4 23.5 20.5 17.2 14.1 11.4 9.59 9.74 8.48 7.19 5.35 4.97 4.28 2.89 2.53 2.20 1.53 1.44 1.28 0.806 0.711 0.432 0.392

139.7 5.4 CHS 139.7 5.0 CHS 114.3 5.4 CHS 114.3 4.5 CHS 101.6 5.0 CHS 101.6 4.0 CHS 88.9 5.9 CHS 88.9 5.0 CHS 88.9 4.0 CHS 76.1 5.9 CHS 76.1 4.5 CHS 76.1 3.6 CHS 60.3 5.4 CHS 60.3 4.5 CHS 60.3 3.6 CHS 48.3 5.4 CHS 48.3 4.0 CHS 48.3 3.2 CHS 42.4 4.9 CHS 42.4 4.0 CHS 42.4 3.2 CHS 33.7 4.5 CHS 33.7 4.0 CHS 33.7 3.2 CHS 26.9 4.0 CHS 26.9 3.2 CHS 26.9 2.6 CHS 21.3 3.6 CHS 21.3 3.2 CHS 21.3 2.6 CHS 17.2 2.9 CHS 17.2 2.3 CHS 13.5 2.9 CHS 13.5 2.3 CHS

FIGUR E C1 (in part) CIRC ULAR HOLLOW SEC TIONS OF GRAD E C250

COPYRIGHT

AS 11631991

16

1 Designati on Outside Thickness diameter

5 Ratio

6 Gross area of crosssecti on

10

11

12

External surface area Mass per unit length per unit length per unit mass

About any axis Second moment of area Elastic secti on modulus Plastic secti on modulus Radius of gyration Torsion constant Torsion modulus

do
mm

t
mm kg/m 139 105 71.1 123 93.0 63.1 107 81.1 55.1 97.5 73.7 50.1 60.5 42.1 31.8 m2/m 1.44 1.44 1.44 1.28 1.28 1.28 1.12 1.12 1.12 1.02 1.02 1.02 0.858 0.858 0.858 m2/t 10.3 13.7 20.2 10.4 13.7 20.2 10.4 13.8 20.3 10.4 13.8 20.3 14.2 20.4 27.0

do t

Ag
mm2

l
106 mm4 438 334 230 305 233 161 201 155 107 151 116 80.5 67.1 47.7 36.4

Z
103 mm3 1 920 1 460 1 010 1 500 1 150 792 1 130 871 602 930 717 497 492 349 267

S
103 mm3 2 510 1 900 1 300 1 970 1 500 1 020 1 490 1 140 781 1 230 939 645 647 455 346

r
mm 157 158 159 139 140 141 121 122 123 110 111 112 93.3 94.3 94.9

J
106 mm4 876 669 460 609 467 322 403 310 214 301 232 161 134 95.4 72.8

C
103 mm3 3 830 2 930 2 010 3 000 2 300 1 580 2 260 1 740 1 200 1 860 1 430 994 983 699 533

457.0 12.7 CHS 457.0 9.5 CHS 457.0 6.4 CHS 406.4 12.7 CHS 406.4 9.5 CHS 406.4 6.4 CHS 355.6 12.7 CHS 355.6 9.5 CHS 355.6 6.4 CHS 323.9 12.7 CHS 323.9 9.5 CHS 323.9 6.4 CHS 273.1 9.3 CHS 273.1 6.4 CHS 273.1 4.8 CHS

36.0 48.1 71.4 32.0 42.8 63.5 28.0 37.4 55.6 25.5 34.1 50.6 29.4 42.7 56.9

17 700 13 400 9 060 15 700 11 800 8 040 13 700 10 300 7 020 12 400 9 380 6 380 7 710 5 360 4 050

FIGUR E C2 (in part) CIRC ULAR HOLLOW SEC TIONS OF GRAD E C350
COPYRIGHT

17 1 Designati on Outside Thickness diameter Mass per unit length 2 3 4 5 Ratio per unit length per unit mass 6 Gross area of crosssecti on 7 8 9 10 11 Torsion constant

AS 11631991 12 Torsion modulus

External surface area

About any axis Second moment of area Elastic secti on modulus Plastic secti on modulus Radius of gyration

do
mm

t
mm kg/m 42.6 33.6 25.4 28.2 25.6 19.4 13.9 12.0 11.8 10.1 16.0 13.0 9.83 8.77 7.77 6.35 11.3 9.96 6.76 5.53 5.75 4.19 4.11 3.29 3.25 2.61 2.55 1.99 1.99 1.56 1.40 1.23 0.952 m2/m 0.688 0.688 0.688 0.529 0.529 0.529 0.519 0.519 0.439 0.439 0.359 0.359 0.359 0.359 0.319 0.319 0.279 0.279 0.279 0.279 0.239 0.239 0.189 0.189 0.152 0.152 0.133 0.133 0.106 0.106 0.084 5 0.084 5 0.066 9 m2/t 16.1 20.5 27.1 18.7 20.7 27.3 37.2 43.2 37.3 43.4 22.4 27.7 36.5 41.0 41.1 50.3 24.7 28.1 41.3 50.5 41.6 57.1 46.1 57.6 46.7 58.2 52.2 66.8 53.1 67.7 60.6 68.8 70.3

do t
26.7 34.2 45.6 23.7 26.3 35.1 47.2 55.0 39.9 46.6 19.1 23.8 31.8 35.7 31.8 39.1 16.2 18.5 27.8 34.2 23.8 33.1 20.8 26.2 16.7 21.0 16.3 21.2 13.0 16.9 11.7 13.5 10.7

Ag
mm2 5 430 4 280 3 230 3 600 3 260 2 470 1 780 1 530 1 500 1 290 2 1 1 1 040 650 250 120 989 809 1 440 1 270 862 705 733 533 523 419 414 332 325 254 254 199 178 156 121 30.3 24.2 18.6

l
106 mm4

Z
103 mm3 276 221 169 139 127 98.0 70.3 60.8 49.7 43.1 52.5 43.4 33.6 30.2 23.6 19.5 28.3 25.3 17.8 14.8 12.8 9.55 7.16 5.85 4.43 3.65 3.05 2.45 1.84 1.49 1.01 0.907 0.536

S
103 mm3 365 290 220 185 168 128 91.4 78.8 64.9 56.1 70.4 57.6 44.1 39.5 31.0 25.5 38.3 34.0 23.5 19.4 17.0 12.5 9.56 7.74 5.99 4.87 4.12 3.27 2.52 2.01 1.40 1.24 0.748

r
mm 74.6 75.2 75.8 57.0 57.3 57.8 57.1 57.3 48.2 48.3 38.3 38.8 39.2 39.3 34.8 35.0 29.6 29.8 30.3 30.5 25.8 26.1 20.3 20.5 16.1 16.3 14.1 14.3 11.0 11.2 8.74 8.83 6.86

J
106 mm4 60.5 48.4 37.1 23.4 21.4 16.5 11.6 10.0 6.95 6.02 6.00 4.96 3.84 3.45 2.40 1.98 2.52 2.25 1.58 1.31 0.976 0.727 0.432 0.353 0.214 0.176 0.129 0.104 0.061 9 0.050 2 0.027 1 0.024 4 0.011 4

C
103 mm3 552 442 339 278 254 196 141 122 99.5 86.2 105 86.8 67.2 60.4 47.2 39.0 56.6 50.6 35.6 29.6 25.6 19.1 14.3 11.7 8.86 7.30 6.10 4.90 3.67 2.98 2.02 1.81 1.07

219.1 8.2 CHS 219.1 6.4 CHS 219.1 4.8 CHS 168.3 7.1 CHS 168.3 6.4 CHS 168.3 4.8 CHS 165.1 3.5 CHS 165.1 3.0 CHS 139.7 3.5 CHS 139.7 3.0 CHS 114.3 114.3 114.3 114.3 6.0 4.8 3.6 3.2 CHS CHS CHS CHS

11.7 10.7 8.25 5.80 5.02 3.47 3.01 3.00 2.48 1.92 1.72 1.20 0.991 1.26 1.12 0.792 0.657 0.488 0.363 0.216 0.177 0.107 0.088 1 0.064 6 0.051 9 0.030 9 0.025 1 0.013 6 0.012 2 0.005 71

101.6 3.2 CHS 101.6 2.6 CHS 88.9 88.9 88.9 88.9 5.5 4.8 3.2 2.6 CHS CHS CHS CHS

76.1 3.2 CHS 76.1 2.3 CHS 60.3 2.9 CHS 60.3 2.3 CHS 48.3 2.9 CHS 48.3 2.3 CHS 42.4 2.6 CHS 42.4 2.0 CHS 33.7 2.6 CHS 33.7 2.0 CHS 26.9 2.3 CHS 26.9 2.0 CHS 21.3 2.0 CHS

FIGUR E C2 (in part) CIRC ULAR HOLLOW SEC TIONS OF GRAD E C350

COPYRIGHT

AS 11631991

18

1 Designati on Depth Width Thickness

5 Ratio

6 Gross area of crosssecti on Ag

10

11

12 Torsion constant

13 Torsion modulus

External surface area Mass per unit length per unit length per unit mass Second moment of area

About x , y and n- axes Elastic secti on modulus Elastic secti on modulus Plastic secti on modulus Radius of gyration

d
mm

b
mm

t
mm kg/m 65.9 45.0 51.8 35.6 29.9 37.7 26.2 22.1 30.6 21.4 18.2 14.8 23.5 16.7 14.2 11.6 8.96 m /m 0.961 0.974 0.761 0.774 0.779 0.561 0.574 0.579 0.461 0.474 0.479 0.483 0.361 0.374 0.379 0.383 0.390
2

lx, ly
2

Z x, Zy
4

Zn
3

Sx, Sy
3

r x, ry
3

J
10 mm 129 88.7 64.5 44.8 37.8 26.1 18.4 15.6 14.5 10.4 8.87 7.25 7.00 5.15 4.42 3.63 2.79
6 4 3

C
10 mm3 972 681 599 425 362 316 229 197 208 154 133 110 123 93.6 81.4 68.0 53.2

m /t 14.6 21.7 14.7 21.8 26.0 14.9 22.0 26.2 15.1 22.1 26.3 32.7 15.4 22.4 26.6 32.9 43.5 25.8 39.7 20.2 31.3 38.0 14.7 23.0 28.0 11.9 18.8 23.0 29.3 9.11 14.7 18.0 23.0 31.3

mm

10 mm 79.8 56.2 39.2 28.0 23.9

10 mm 639 450 392 280 239 205 150 129 134 101 87.1 72.3 78.1 60.7 53.1 44.6 35.4

10 mm 477 330 297 207 175 159 113 96.1 106 76.5 65.4 53.6 63.6 47.1 40.5 33.5 26.0

10 mm 750 521 465 327 277 248 178 151 165 120 103 84.5 98.6 73.5 63.5 52.6 41.2

mm 97.5 99.0 77.1 78.6 79.1 56.6 58.2 58.7 46.4 48.0 48.5 49.0 36.1 37.7 38.3 38.8 39.4

250 250 9.0 SHS 250 250 6.0 SHS 200 200 9.0 SHS 200 200 6.0 SHS 200 200 5.0 SHS 150 150 9.0 SHS 150 150 6.0 SHS 150 150 5.0 SHS 125 125 125 125 100 100 100 100 100 125 125 125 125 100 100 100 100 100 9.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 9.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 SHS SHS SHS SHS SHS SHS SHS SHS SHS

8 400 5 730 6 600 4 530 3 810 4 800 3 330 2 810 3 2 2 1 3 2 1 1 1 900 730 310 880 000 130 810 480 140

15.4 11.3 9.70 8.38 6.29 5.44 4.52 3.91 3.04 2.66 2.23 1.77

FIGUR E C3 (in part) SQ UA RE HOLLOW SEC TIONS OF GRA DE C350

COPYRIGHT

19 1 Designati on Depth Width Thickness Mass per unit length 2 3 4 5 Ratio per unit length per unit mass 6 Gross area of crosssecti on Ag kg/m 14.6 12.5 9.06 12.0 10.3 8.49 7.53 6.60 5.56 5.66 4.78 3.88 5.35 4.25 3.60 2.93 2.38 4.09 2.82 2.31 1.88 2.83 2.42 1.99 1.63 1.68 1.38 1.89 1.64 1.36 1.12 0.873 m2/m 0.330 0.334 0.341 0.274 0.279 0.283 0.285 0.290 0.291 0.250 0.251 0.253 0.183 0.190 0.191 0.193 0.195 0.143 0.151 0.153 0.155 0.130 0.131 0.133 0.135 0.113 0.115 0.089 0.091 0.093 0.094 7 4 1 5 m2/t 22.5 26.7 37.6 22.8 27.0 33.3 37.9 43.9 52.4 44.1 52.6 65.3 34.2 44.7 53.1 65.8 81.7 34.9 53.7 66.4 82.3 45.8 54.2 66.8 82.7 67.4 83.3 47.4 55.7 68.3 84.1 85.4 12.8 15.8 23.4 10.5 13.0 16.8 19.4 23.0 28.0 19.7 24.0 30.5 10.5 14.7 18.0 23.0 29.3 8.00 14.0 18.0 23.0 9.67 12.0 15.5 19.9 13.0 16.8 6.33 8.00 10.5 13.6 10.5 mm2 1 870 1 590 1 150 1 530 1 310 1 080 959 841 709 721 609 494 681 541 459 374 303 521 359 294 239 361 309 254 207 214 175 241 209 174 143 111 7 Second moment of area 8 Elastic secti on modulus 9 Elastic secti on modulus 10 Plastic secti on modulus 11 12 Torsion constant

AS 11631991 13 Torsion modulus

External surface area

About x , y and n- axes Radius of gyration

d
mm 89 89 89 75 75 75 75 75 75

b
mm 89 89 89 75 75 75 75 75 75 65 65 65 50 50 50 50 50 40 40 40 40 35 35 35 35 30 30 25 25 25 25 20

t
mm 6.0 SHS 5.0 SHS 3.5 SHS 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 SHS SHS SHS SHS SHS SHS

lx, ly
106 mm4 2.06 1.81 1.37 1.16 1.03 0.882 0.797 0.716 0.614 0.454 0.391 0.323 0.229 0.195 0.169 0.141 0.117 0.105 0.082 2 0.069 4 0.057 9 0.059 0.052 0.045 0.037 5 9 1 9

Z x, Zy
10 3 mm3 46.2 40.7 30.9 30.9 27.5 23.5 21.3 19.1 16.4 14.0 12.0 9.94 9.15 7.79 6.78 5.66 4.68 5.26 4.11 3.47 2.90 3.40 3.02 2.58 2.16 1.81 1.54 1.47 1.35 1.19 1.02 0.608

Zn
10 3 mm 3 36.3 31.4 23.2 24.7 21.6 18.0 16.1 14.2 12.0 10.4 8.91 7.29 7.33 5.92 5.09 4.20 3.44 4.36 3.13 2.61 2.15 2.67 2.33 1.95 1.62 1.39 1.16 1.21 1.08 0.926 0.780 0.474

Sx, Sy
103 mm3 56.6 49.1 36.5 38.4 33.6 28.2 25.3 22.5 19.1 16.6 14.1 11.6 11.4 9.39 8.07 6.66 5.46 6.74 4.97 4.13 3.41 4.23 3.69 3.09 2.57 2.21 1.84 1.91 1.71 1.47 1.24 0.751

r x, ry
mm 33.2 33.7 34.5 27.5 28.0 28.6 28.8 29.2 29.4 25.1 25.3 25.6 18.3 19.0 19.2 19.5 19.6 14.2 15.1 15.4 15.6 12.8 13.1 13.3 13.5 11.3 11.5 8.74 8.99 9.24 9.44 7.39

J
106 mm4 3.54 3.05 2.24 2.04 1.77 1.48 1.32 1.15 0.971 0.733 0.624 0.509 0.403 0.321 0.275 0.226 0.185 0.192 0.136 0.113 0.092 7 0.102 0.088 9 0.074 1 0.061 1 0.045 4 0.037 7 0.033 0.029 0.025 0.021 3 7 3 2

C
103 mm3 71.6 62.7 47.1 48.2 42.6 36.1 32.5 28.7 24.6 21.0 18.1 14.9 14.3 11.8 10.2 8.51 7.03 8.33 6.21 5.23 4.36 5.18 4.58 3.89 3.26 2.75 2.32 2.27 2.07 1.80 1.54 0.924

65 65 65 50 50 50 50 50 40 40 40 40 35 35 35 35 30 30 25 25 25 25 20

3.0 SHS 2.5 SHS 2.0 SHS 4.0 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.6 4.0 2.5 2.0 1.6 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.6 SHS SHS SHS SHS SHS SHS SHS SHS SHS SHS SHS SHS SHS

2.0 SHS 1.6 SHS 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.6 SHS SHS SHS SHS

0.027 2 0.023 1 0.018 0.016 0.014 0.012 4 9 8 8

1.6 SHS

0.074 5

0.006 08

0.010 3

NOTE: The calculati on of secti onal properti es is based on the foll owing corner geometr y: Size range Thicknesses 3.0 mm and less Thicknesses greater than 3.0 mm Inside corner radii Outside corner radii mm mm 1.0t 2.0t 1.5t 2.5t

FIGUR E C3 (in part) SQ UA RE HOLLOW SEC TIONS OF GRA DE C350

COPYRIGHT

AS 11631991

20

1 Designati on

Mass per unit Depth Width Thickness length per unit per unit length mass d b t mm mm mm kg/m m 2/m m2/t 250 150 9.0 RHS 51.8 0.761 14.7 250 150 6.0 RHS 35.6 0.774 21.8 250 150 5.0 RHS 29.9 0.779 26.0 200 100 9.0 RHS 37.7 0.561 14.9 200 100 6.0 RHS 26.2 0.574 22.0 200 100 5.0 RHS 22.1 0.579 26.2 200 100 4.0 RHS 17.9 0.583 32.5 150 100 6.0 RHS 21.4 0.474 22.1 150 100 5.0 RHS 18.2 0.479 26.3 150 100 4.0 RHS 14.8 0.483 32.7 150 50 5.0 RHS 14.2 0.379 26.6 150 50 4.0 RHS 11.6 0.383 32.9 150 50 3.0 RHS 8.96 0.390 43.5 125 75 5.0 RHS 14.2 0.379 26.6 125 75 4.0 RHS 11.6 0.383 32.9 125 75 3.0 RHS 8.96 0.390 43.5

3 4 External surface area

5 Ratio

14.7 23.0 28.0 9.11 14.7 18.0 23.0 14.7 18.0 23.0 8.00 10.5 14.7 13.0 16.8 23.0

25.8 39.7 48.0 20.2 31.3 38.0 48.0 23.0 28.0 35.5 28.0 35.5 48.0 23.0 29.3 39.7

Gross Torsion Torsion area of Plastic Radius Second Elastic Plastic Radius constant modulus cross- Second Elastic secti on of moment secti on secti on of secti on moment secti on of area modulus modulus gyration of area modulus modulus gyration Ag lx Zx Sx rx ly Zy Sy ry J C mm2 10 6 mm4 10 3 mm3 10 3 mm3 mm 10 6 mm4 103 mm4 103 mm3 mm 106 mm4 10 3 mm 3 6 600 53.7 430 533 90.2 24.3 324 375 60.7 56.0 554 4 530 38.4 307 374 92.0 17.5 233 264 62.2 39.0 395 3 810 32.7 262 317 92.6 15.0 199 224 62.6 33.0 337 4 800 22.8 228 293 68.9 7.64 153 180 39.9 19.9 272 3 330 16.7 167 210 70.8 5.69 114 130 41.3 14.2 200 2 810 14.4 144 179 71.5 4.92 98.3 111 41.8 12.1 172 2 280 11.9 119 147 72.1 4.07 81.5 91.0 42.3 9.89 142 2 730 8.17 109 134 54.7 4.36 87.3 102 40.0 9.51 147 2 310 7.07 94.3 115 55.3 3.79 75.7 87.3 40.4 8.12 127 1 880 5.87 78.2 94.6 55.9 3.15 63.0 71.8 40.9 6.64 105 1 810 4.44 59.2 78.9 49.5 0.765 30.6 35.7 20.5 2.30 56.8 1 480 3.74 49.8 65.4 50.2 0.653 26.1 29.8 21.0 1.93 48.2 1 140 2.99 39.8 51.4 51.2 0.526 21.1 23.5 21.5 1.50 38.3 1 810 3.64 58.3 72.7 44.8 1.65 43.9 51.1 30.1 3.83 75.3 1 480 3.05 48.9 60.3 45.4 1.39 37.0 42.4 30.6 3.16 63.0 1 140 2.43 38.9 47.3 46.1 1.11 29.5 33.3 31.1 2.43 49.5

9 10 About x- axis

11

12

13 14 About y- axis

15

16

17

FIGUR E C4 (in part) RE CTAN GULAR HOLLOW SE CTIONS OF GRAD E C350

COPYRIGHT

21

AS 11631991

1 Designati on

Mass per unit Depth Width Thickness length per unit per unit length mass d b t mm mm mm kg/m m 2/m m2/t 100 50 6.0 RHS 12.0 0.274 22.8 100 50 5.0 RHS 10.3 0.279 27.0 100 50 4.0 RHS 8.49 0.283 33.3 100 50 3.5 RHS 7.53 0.285 37.9 100 50 3.0 RHS 6.60 0.290 43.9 100 50 2.5 RHS 5.56 0.291 52.4 100 50 2.0 RHS 4.50 0.293 65.1 75 50 4.0 RHS 6.92 0.233 33.7 75 50 3.0 RHS 5.42 0.240 44.2 75 50 2.5 RHS 4.58 0.241 52.7 75 50 2.0 RHS 3.72 0.243 65.4 75 25 2.5 RHS 3.60 0.191 53.1 75 25 2.0 RHS 2.93 0.193 65.8 75 25 1.6 RHS 2.38 0.195 81.7 65 35 3.0 RHS 4.25 0.190 44.7 65 35 2.5 RHS 3.60 0.191 53.1 65 35 2.0 RHS 2.93 0.193 65.8 50 25 3.0 RHS 3.07 0.140 45.5 50 25 2.5 RHS 2.62 0.141 54.0 50 25 2.0 RHS 2.15 0.143 66.6 50 25 1.6 RHS 1.75 0.145 82.5 2.83 0.130 45.8 50 20 3.0 RHS 50 20 2.5 RHS 2.42 0.131 54.2 50 20 2.0 RHS 1.99 0.133 66.8 50 20 1.6 RHS 1.63 0.135 82.7

3 4 External surface area

5 Ratio

6.33 8.00 10.5 12.3 14.7 18.0 23.0 10.5 14.7 18.0 23.0 8.00 10.5 13.6 9.67 12.0 15.5 6.33 8.00 10.5 13.6 4.67 6.00 8.00 10.5

14.7 18.0 23.0 26.6 31.3 38.0 48.0 16.8 23.0 28.0 35.5 28.0 35.5 44.9 19.7 24.0 30.5 14.7 18.0 23.0 29.3 14.7 18.0 23.0 29.3

Gross Torsion Torsion area of Plastic Radius Second Elastic Plastic Radius constant modulus cross- Second Elastic secti on of moment secti on secti on of secti on moment secti on of area modulus modulus gyration of area modulus modulus gyration Ag lx Zx Sx rx ly Zy Sy ry J C mm2 10 6 mm4 10 3 mm3 10 3 mm3 mm 10 6 mm4 103 mm4 103 mm3 mm 106 mm4 10 3 mm 3 1 530 1.71 34.2 45.3 33.4 0.567 22.7 27.7 19.2 1.53 40.9 1 310 1.53 30.6 39.8 34.1 0.511 20.4 24.4 19.7 1.35 36.5 1 080 1.31 26.1 33.4 34.8 0.441 17.6 20.6 20.2 1.13 31.2 959 1.18 23.6 29.9 35.1 0.400 16.0 18.5 20.4 1.01 28.2 841 1.06 21.3 26.7 35.6 0.361 14.4 16.4 20.7 0.886 25.0 709 0.912 18.2 22.7 35.9 0.311 12.4 14.0 20.9 0.754 21.5 574 0.750 15.0 18.5 36.2 0.257 10.3 11.5 21.2 0.616 17.7 881 0.630 16.8 21.1 26.7 0.335 13.4 16.0 19.5 0.754 22.7 691 0.522 13.9 17.1 27.5 0.278 11.1 12.9 20.0 0.593 18.4 584 0.450 12.0 14.6 27.7 0.240 9.60 11.0 20.3 0.505 15.9 474 0.372 9.91 12.0 28.0 0.199 7.96 9.06 20.5 0.414 13.1 459 0.285 7.60 10.1 24.9 0.048 7 3.89 4.53 10.3 0.144 7.14 374 0.238 6.36 8.31 25.3 0.041 4 3.31 3.77 10.5 0.120 6.04 303 0.197 5.26 6.81 25.5 0.034 7 2.78 3.11 10.7 0.099 3 5.05 541 0.281 8.65 11.0 22.8 0.106 6.04 7.11 14.0 0.259 10.4 459 0.244 7.52 9.45 23.1 0.092 6 5.29 6.13 14.2 0.223 9.10 374 0.204 6.28 7.80 23.4 0.077 8 4.44 5.07 14.4 0.184 7.62 391 0.112 4.47 5.86 16.9 0.036 7 2.93 3.56 9.69 0.096 4 5.18 334 0.098 9 3.95 5.11 17.2 0.032 8 2.62 3.12 9.91 0.084 3 4.60 274 0.083 8 3.35 4.26 17.5 0.028 1 2.25 2.62 10.1 0.070 6 3.92 223 0.070 2 2.81 3.53 17.7 0.023 7 1.90 2.17 10.3 0.058 5 3.29 361 0.095 1 3.81 5.16 16.2 0.021 2 2.12 2.63 7.67 0.062 0 3.88 309 0.084 8 3.39 4.51 16.6 0.019 2 1.92 2.32 7.89 0.055 0 3.49 254 0.072 3 2.89 3.78 16.9 0.016 7 1.67 1.96 8.11 0.046 6 3.00 207 0.060 8 2.43 3.14 17.1 0.014 2 1.42 1.63 8.29 0.038 9 2.55

9 10 About x- axis

11

12

13 14 About y- axis

15

16

17

NOTE: The calculati on of secti onal properti es is based on the foll owing corner geometr y: Size range Thicknesses 3.0 mm and less Thicknesses greater than 3.0 mm Inside corner radii mm 1.0t 1.5t Outside corner radii mm 2.0t 2.5t

FIGUR E C4 (in part) RE CTAN GULAR HOLLOW SE CTIONS OF GRAD E C350

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AS 11631991

22

1 Designation

Mass Depth Width Thickness per unit length per unit length d b t mm mm mm kg/m m2/m 100 100 3.8 SHS 11.1 0.384 100 100 3.3 SHS 9.73 0.386 100 100 2.8 SHS 8.39 0.390 75 75 3.3 SHS 7.14 0.286 75 75 2.8 SHS 6.19 0.290 75 75 2.3 SHS 5.14 0.292 65 65 2.3 SHS 4.42 0.252 50 50 2.8 SHS 3.99 0.190 50 50 2.3 SHS 3.34 0.192 35 35 2.8 SHS 2.67 0.130 35 35 2.3 SHS 2.25 0.132 25 25 2.3 SHS 1.53 0.092 1

3 4 External surface area per unit mass m2/t 34.6 39.7 46.5 40.1 46.9 56.8 57.0 47.7 57.6 48.8 58.6 60.1

5 Ratio

Gross Plastic Radius Torsion Torsion area of Second Elastic Elastic Plastic Radius Second Elastic constant modulus cross- moment section section section of moment section section of section of area modulus modulus modulus gyration of area modulus modulus gyration

9 10 11 About x- and n- axes

12

13

14 15 About y- axis

16

17

18

24.3 28.3 33.7 20.7 24.8 30.6 26.3 15.9 19.7 10.5 13.2 8.87

24.3 28.3 33.7 20.7 24.8 30.6 26.3 15.9 19.7 10.5 13.2 8.87

Ag mm2 1 410 1 240 1 070 909 788 655 563 508 425 340 287 195

lx Zx Zn Sx 106 mm4 103 mm3 103 mm3 103 mm3 2.14 42.7 32.0 50.3 1.90 38.0 28.2 44.5 1.67 33.3 24.4 38.7 0.761 20.3 15.3 24.1 0.676 18.0 13.3 21.2 0.571 15.2 11.2 17.7 0.364 11.2 8.27 13.1 0.185 7.40 5.60 8.87 0.159 6.34 4.74 7.52 0.057 0 3.26 2.54 4.02 0.049 9 2.85 2.19 3.46 0.016 1 1.29 1.02 1.62

rx mm 38.9 39.2 39.5 28.9 29.3 29.5 25.4 19.1 19.3 12.9 13.2 9.09

ly Zy Sy 106 mm4 103 mm3 103 mm3 2.14 42.7 50.3 1.90 38.0 44.5 1.67 33.3 38.7 0.761 20.3 24.1 0.676 18.0 21.2 0.571 15.2 17.7 0.364 11.2 13.1 0.185 7.40 8.87 0.159 6.34 7.52 0.057 0 3.26 4.02 0.049 9 2.85 3.46 0.016 1 1.29 1.62

ry mm 38.9 39.2 39.5 28.9 29.3 29.5 25.4 19.1 19.3 12.9 13.2 9.09

J C 106 mm4 103 mm3 3.47 65.1 3.05 57.7 2.61 50.0 1.25 31.0 1.08 27.1 0.900 22.9 0.579 16.9 0.303 11.2 0.256 9.55 0.097 0 4.95 0.083 1 4.32 0.028 0 1.97

NOTE: The calculation of sectional properties is based on the following corner geometry: Size range Thicknesses 3.0 mm and less Thicknesses greater than 3.0 mm Inside corner radii mm 1.0t 1.5t Outside corner radii mm 2.0t 2.5t

FIGURE C5 SQUARE HOLLOW SECTIONS OF GRADE C450

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AS 11631991

1 Designation

Mass Depth Width Thickness per unit length per unit length d b t mm mm mm kg/m m2/m 125 75 3.8 RHS 11.1 0.384 125 75 3.3 RHS 9.73 0.386 125 75 2.8 RHS 8.39 0.390 100 50 3.3 RHS 7.14 0.286 100 50 2.8 RHS 6.19 0.290 100 50 2.3 RHS 5.14 0.292 75 50 2.8 RHS 5.09 0.240 75 50 2.3 RHS 4.24 0.242 65 35 2.8 RHS 3.99 0.190 65 35 2.3 RHS 3.34 0.192 50 25 2.8 RHS 2.89 0.140 50 25 2.3 RHS 2.44 0.142 50 20 2.8 RHS 2.67 0.130 50 20 2.3 RHS 2.25 0.132

3 4 External surface area per unit mass m2/t 34.6 39.7 46.5 40.1 46.9 56.8 47.2 57.1 47.7 57.6 48.5 58.4 48.8 58.6

5 Ratio

Gross Plastic Radius Torsion Torsion area of Second Elastic Elastic Plastic Radius Second Elastic constant modulus cross- moment section section section of moment section section of section of area modulus modulus modulus gyration of area modulus modulus gyration

9 10 11 About x- and n- axes

12

13

14 15 About y- axis

16

17

18

17.7 20.7 24.8 13.2 15.9 19.7 15.9 19.7 10.5 13.2 6.93 8.87 5.14 6.70

30.9 35.9 42.6 28.3 33.7 41.5 24.8 30.6 21.2 26.3 15.9 19.7 15.9 19.7

Ag mm2 1 410 1 240 1 070 909 788 655 648 540 508 425 368 310 340 287

lx Zx Zn Sx 106 mm4 103 mm3 103 mm3 103 mm3 2.93 46.8 57.7 2.60 41.6 50.9 2.29 36.6 44.4 1.13 22.6 28.5 1.00 20.1 25.1 0.848 17.0 21.0 0.493 13.2 16.1 0.419 11.2 13.6 0.267 8.21 10.4 0.229 7.04 8.81 0.107 4.27 5.57 0.093 1 3.72 4.78 0.091 2 3.65 4.91 0.080 0 3.20 4.23

rx mm 45.5 45.8 46.2 35.2 35.7 36.0 27.6 27.9 22.9 23.2 17.0 17.3 16.4 16.7

ly Zy Sy 106 mm4 103 mm3 103 mm3 1.33 35.5 40.6 1.19 31.6 35.9 1.04 27.8 31.3 0.383 15.3 17.6 0.341 13.6 15.5 0.290 11.6 13.0 0.263 10.5 12.2 0.224 8.96 10.3 0.101 5.75 6.73 0.086 9 4.96 5.72 0.035 2 2.82 3.39 0.031 0 2.48 2.92 0.020 5 2.05 2.51 0.018 3 1.83 2.18

ry mm 30.7 30.9 31.2 20.5 20.8 21.0 20.1 20.4 14.1 14.3 9.78 10.0 7.76 7.98

J C 106 mm4 103 mm3 3.02 60.4 2.66 53.6 2.28 46.6 0.964 26.9 0.834 23.6 0.699 20.0 0.558 17.4 0.469 14.8 0.245 9.92 0.208 8.53 0.091 7 4.96 0.079 0 4.34 0.059 4 3.73 0.051 8 3.31

NOTE: The calculation of sectional properties is based on the following corner geometry: Size range Thicknesses 3.0 mm and less Thicknesses greater than 3.0 mm Inside corner radii mm 1.0t 1.5t Outside corner radii mm 2.0t 2.5t

FIGURE C6 RECTANGULAR HOLLOW SECTIONS OF GRADE C450

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AS 11631991

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APPENDIX D

METHOD FOR VERIFYING GRADE L0 COMPLIANCE OF THIN WALL SECTIONS

(Informative) D1 SCOPE This Appendix sets out the method for verifying the compliance of thin wall sections with the requirements of grade L0 where the wall thickness precludes standard subsize Charpy V-Notch (CVN) impact specimens. D2 METHOD Where it is impracticable to obtain a standard subsize specimen, i.e. 10 10, 10 7.5, 10 5.0, 10 2.5 mm from a hollow section, that section is considered to comply with the requirements of grade L0 if other hollow sections are available and meet the following criteria: (a) The steel used is of the same nominal chemistry, manufactured by the same steelmaking and strip processing procedures, and supplied by the same steel manufacturer. (b) The wall thickness is greater than the section being assessed. (c) The thickness to perimeter ratio is equal to or greater than the section being assessed. D3 BACKGROUND This Standard recognizes the following principles: (a) The preferred lower size limit for CVN impact tests is 10 2.5 mm substandard specimens. This limit is recognized in AS 1210. (b) Susceptibility to brittle fracture is directly proportional to the wall thickness of the section being considered. It is generally recognized that brittle fractures do not occur in material less than 3.0 mm thick. (c) The manufacturing factors that affect CVN impact values are as follows: (i) Steel chemistry, e.g. carbon content and carbon equivalent. (ii) Steel microstructure, e.g. grain size and steel cleanliness. (iii) Cold strain experienced during the manufacture of the hollow section. The level of cold strain is proportional to the thickness to perimeter ratio.

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