Nouns, adjectives, verbs and prepositions can be analysed as composites of just twe binary grammatical features nominal { Nand verbal [ V]- they cross clasify categories verb GV,-N] Noun EV, +N] Adj [VN] Prep. EV. NJ Supercategory: for example verbs and adjectives form a supercategory because they share the feature [+V] Auxiliaries and verbs share the core features [+V, -N] but differ in respect of some other feature. Aux are functors ond ‘verbs are not, Aux VN, «Fl ve. wW.-N-FI (Functionality) Each contentive category has a functional counterpart Lexical Categ Functional Categories (N,V, FI PRN- GN, -V, ¢F] “A> [PN AVF] De EN Wary We ENF] “AUX EN, 4, FJ Po EN CAL ENV AF] Within a feature-based theory, a grammeticel category is 2 set of elements (group of words) which have the some value(s) [ror -] fora given set of grammatical features [N, V, F] Chapter 3: ‘Tree diagram or phrase marker: visual representation of the structure of phrases, The overall sentence is built wp out of constituents (ie. syntache units or structural building blocks) of various types. Each of the category labels ina tree diagram is a different node (constituent) and the words are the leaves on the tree. Nodes at the bottom of the tree are called terminal nodes. and other nodes are nonterminal nodes. The tepmost nade is the root, Forming phrases and sentences: Phrases and sentences ere formed bya process called merger | Merger: A process where tne categories are joined Together fo forma nem phrase cofegory ‘The phrace which ic formed is endocentrie, because H's a projection of ahead word English is « head - first lanquage because it pasitions heads before complements, but also e specifier - first language beccuse it positions specifiers before heads ‘The result of each merger isa projection (phrasal expansion]. The category lube! x-bar_is used to designate an intermediate x projection, 1¢ to designate an x expression whieh is larger than x. And the category label XP denotes an x expression which is larger than x. but which doesn’t project into an even larger type of x expression. This category is called maximal projection. (being xa noun, verb, prepasition, ete) > Sentences canbe either CP or AgrS. (They are both meximal projection) ‘The merger operation which forms projection combines two categories together ina pairwise fashion, according to the constituent structure principle: binarity principle Binsrt prince, ‘All nonterminal nedes ere binary branching Configurational relations: > Any given pair of nodes contained in the sarte p-marker will be related by one of two different types of relation dominance (1c, hierarchical/top-to-bottam ordering) ond precedence (i.e. lmeor/ left-to-right ardering)