TEXT

& REFERENCE

Carrier

l1~~[MI[MO~£[l @~W~[l@~~~[Mi1 ~OO@~OO£~

AIR CONDITIONING
SYSTEM DES IGN
Condensate ,

REFRIGERANT PIPING SYSTEMS

....

• DESIGN • SIZING • PIPING

CONSIDERATIONS PROCEDURES LAYOUT

Copyright 1965, Carrier Air Conditioning

PRINTED
9[70

Company

IN U.S.A.

SECTION T200-34A

TECHNICAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM REFRIGERANT PIPING SYSTEMS CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS Pressure Drop Oil Return Compres sor Protection LAYOUT AND SIZING PROCEDURES General Cons idera tions Piping Materials SUCTION LINE SIZING Suction Line Sizing - Illustrative Problem Oil Return Minimum Load Double Suction Riser Sizing Procedure - Double Suction Riser Double Suction Riser - Pressure Drop SUCTION LINE LAYOUT 1 2 2 5 6 8 8 10 12 14 17 20 22 25 30 34 36 38 39 39 39 42 44 46 46
~

HOT GAS DISCHARGE LINE DESIGN Hot Gas Line Sizing - Illustrative Oil Entra inment - Hot Ga s Lines Double Discharge Risers LIQUID LINE DESIGN Liquid Line Sizing - Illustrative Pressure Drop Accessories Liquid Subcooling OTHER PIPING LAYOUTS CONCLUSION APPENDIX Page Page Page Page Page

Problem

Problem

1 2 3 6

Solenoid Valve Ratings & Liquid Filter Driers - Ratings Properties of Refrtqerant 22 Properties of Refrigerant 502 9 - Work Ses s ton

Indicators

Date:

8/70 T200-34A Supersedes

T200-34

REFRIGERANT PIPING SYSTEMS

INTRODUCTION

Refrigerant piping is an essential

part of the refrigeration

cycle for it connects

the components of the cycle together and permits them to function as a system.

EVAPORATOR

,
COMPRESSOR

CONDENSER Condensate , Line-......

iquid Line

Suction Line

RECEIVER

Figure 1 The emphasis in this session will be placed on the layout and sizing of the on Figure 1.

four types of refrigerant

lines identified

The "suction line" carries compressor superheated inlet.

cool low pressure

vapor from the evaporator to the hot, high pressure, When

The "hot gas line" carries relatively

vapor from the compressor discharge are used, a "condensate

to the condenser.

separate receivers densed refrigerant

line" is needed to drain the conThe "liquid line" carries

from the condenser to the receiver.

- 2-

the relatively

hot, high pressure,

liquid from the condenser inlet.

It is apparent

(or receiver

if used)

to the metering devi.ce at the evaporator changes state a s it circulates

that the refrigerant

through the system.

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

A refrigerant

piping system requires however,

the sa.me general design considerations factors

as

any fluid flow system,

there are additional These are:

that have a signi-

ficant effect on system design.

Pre s sure Drop Oil Return Compressor Protection

Pressure

Drop

The flow or transfer be accomplished capacity

of refrigerant

vapor in hot gas lines and suction lines drops to avoid penalizing compressor

should

at minimum pressure

and increasing

power input per ton to the compressor.

Table 1 shows the effect of suction line pressure and HP input per ton of capacity.

drop on compressor

capacity

- 3TABLE 1 SUCTION LINE PRESSUREDROP Saturated Temp. Drop (Deg. F) Compressor HP/Ton Capacity (%) (%) Suction Line Pressure Drop (psi) No Loss

0
2 4

100 95.7 91.8

100 103.7 106.8

1.8 3.6
lOSF Sat. Discharge Temp.

Based on R-12 & 42F Sat. Evaporator Temp.,

With R-12 refrigerant, is equivalent

a 2F drop in saturated

temperature

in the suction line and a 4F line loss is levels with line

to approximately

a 2 lb. drop in pressure

"

equivalent

to about a 4 lb. drop in pressure.

At air conditioning

R-12, it can be assumed is equivalent

that each pound of pressure

drop in the suction

to a IF drop in saturated

suction temperature. suction, discharge to express

Since designers

think and work in terms of saturated temperatures, refrigerant it is easier

and condensing friction loss in difference rather

and more consistent

lines

in terms of equivalent differences.

saturated

temperature

than saturated

pressure

It is also apparent temperature about 2%. reduces

from Table 1 that each degree decrease compressor capacity about

in saturated

suction

2% and increases

HP/ton by drop in on

Standard practice

is to size the suction line for a pressure suction temperature.

not exceeding a good balance

a 2F change in saturated

This results

between the size and cost of the suction

line and penalty

-4-

compressor capacity and horsepower input/ton. A 2F drop in saturated suction temperature is equivalent to about 2.2 psi for Refrigerant 500 and 2.9 psi for Refrigerant 22 at air conditioning levels. Table 2 illustrates the effect of hot gas line pressure drop on compressor

capacity and HP input per ton of capacity. TABLE 2 HOT GASLINEPRESSURE DROP Saturated Temp. Drop (Deg. F) 0 2 4 Capacity
(%)

Compressor HP/Ton
(%)

Hot Gas Line Pressure Drop (psi) No Loss 4.4 8.4

100 98.4 97.2

100 103 106

Based on R-12 & 40F Sat. Suction at Compo & lOSF Condensing Inspection of the values in Table 2 indicates that the pressure loss in about 2 psi per degree change in saturated discharge temperature. This is about

twice as great as for suction lines, however, friction in the hot gas line reduces compressor capacity about half as much per degree as in the suction line, averaging about 1 per cent per degree. Hot gas line friction penalizes In view of

HP/ton at about the same rate per degree as in the suction line. these factors,

it is usual practice to size hot gas lines for a pressure drop

.~.

not exceeding a 2F chance in saturated discharge temperature.

- 5-

Pressure drop in liquid lines usually is not as critical as in hot gas and suction lines. Normal practice is to limit pressure drop in the liquid line itself to the Additional drop occurs

equivalent of 2 degree change in saturated temperature. from accessories such as solenoid valves, strainers,

driers and shut-off valves. can result in the generation

Excessive pressure drop in the line and accessories

of sufficient flash gas to cause faulty operation of the thermal expansion valve. If a vertical liquid riser over 10 to 15 feet is required, liquid subcooling is highly desirable to minimize or prevent generation of flash gas. illustrated later. Oil Return A second design consideration is the return of lubricating oil to the compressor crankcase. A reciprocating refrigeration compressor is force-feed lubricated with an oil pump in the same manner as an automotive engine.
It

This will be

is natural for a small

percentage of the lubricating oil in the crankcase to work past the piston rings. This oil is entrained in the compressor discharge refrigerant vapor and circulates throughout the system. The amount of oil leaving the compressor during normal operation is increased Since halogen type refrigerants like R-l2, R-22, R-500, and R-502 are miscible with lubricating oil. ~ This means that these refrigerants and oil are compatible and To further complicate

will mix in any proportion much like alcohol and water.

matters, lubricating oil has an affinity or attraction for refrigerant and is capable of absorbing large quantities of refrigerant.

- 6-

The oil on the cylinder walls, pistons, and valve plate is diluted by absorbed refrigerant vapor and this accelerates the rate at which oil leaves the compressor and circulates through the system. This oil must be returned to the compressor crankcase at the same rate it leaves to insure proper and continuous compressor lubrication. The designer must

make certa in that line velocities are sufficient to entra in oil in the refrigerant lines and carry it along to the compressor at all loading conditions. The design of hot gas and suction lines to insure oil return will be discussed later in connection with the sizings and layout of these lines. Compressor Protection The layout of refrigerant lines and cycle controls should protect the compressor during both operation and shutdown. During shutdown, the oil in the compressor is capable of causing refrigerant to migrate to the crankcase and be absorbed in the oil and the refrigerant rich oils tend to come into equilibrium temperature with the ambient air. On start-up, suction level. the pressure in the crankcase is reduced and approaches the This rapid reduction in pressure causes an almost explosive In the case of the hermetic compressors

foaming of the oil-refrigerant mixture.

with gas cooled motors, the foam vents back through the motor compartment and out into the suction line. In the case of open type compressors
I

the

-7foam vents out of the crankcase into the suction manifold of the compressor. In either case, the oil is picked up by the suction gas and is carried into the cylinders where it may cause slugging and is then carried out into the system with the compressor discharge gas. There are many cases where, at start-up, the entire oil charge has left the

compressor in a matter of minutes and the compressor has failed for lack of lubrication. In less severe cases, the presence of refrigerant in the crankUnder

case causes only partial loss of the lubricating oil at each start-up. these circumstances, or limited lubrication.

the compressor wears out prematurely due to improper

Any oil which leaves the compressor joins the refrigerant stream and circulates through the system. This oil will tend to accumulate in the evaporator if Because of the relatively large

certain design precautions are ignored.

quantity of oil involved when crankcase foaming occurs, hours of operation may be required before the oil in the evaporator is entrained and carried back through the suction line to the crankcase. Meanwhile, the compressor will

be operating with an inadequate quantity of oil for normal lubrication. The compressor should be provided with suitable controls to minimize refrigerant migration to the crankcase during shutdown. line solenoid and pump down control. One method is to employ a liquid

A variation of this method is a combination

-8of single pumpout at shutdown plus a crankcase heater. A third method is

to energize a crankcase heater whenever the compressor is inoperative. Under normal operating conditions, the oil in a compressor is diluted about 10 to 15 per cent with absorbed refrigerant. As this oil-refrigerant mixture cools down at shutdown to the ambient air temperature, its partial pressure decreases. This greatly increases its

ability to attract and absorb additional refrigerant. The purpose of the crankcase heater is to elevate the temperature of the oilrefrigerant mixture in the compressor •
If the temperature of the crankcase mixture is considerably above that of the

evaporator at shutdown, the migration of refrigerant to the crankcase will be minimized.

LAYOUT AND SIZING PROCEDURES

General ConSiderations There are a few general design principles that a designer should keep in mind during the layout stage of the piping system. All refrigerant lines should be run in as simple and direct a manner as possible. Unnecessary complications add to the cost, increase operating losses, increase the possibilities of leaks. and

Horizontal lines should be installed level

- 9-

and hangars should be provided frequently enough to prevent obvious sags and pockets.

KEEP THEM SIMPLE

INSTALL

LEVEL

ALL

REFRIGERANT LINES Figure 2

A real effort should be made to avoid traps as illustrated in Figure 3. Poor layout or complicated routing of lines can result in traps or pockets in which oil can collect, particularly at partial compressor capacity. Under full load

conditions, the oil may return as a slug and cause compressor damage.

AVOID UNNECESSARY POCKETS

ALLOW FOR EXPANSION & VIBRATION ALL REFRIGERANT LINES

Figure 3

- 10 -

Allowance should be made for expansion and vibration absorption.

Copper

tubing expands at a rate of approximately 0.6" per 100 ft. for each 50 degrees increase in temperature. 50 degrees. The rate for steel pipe is about 0.4" per 100 ft. per

Compressors are frequently mounted on springs or rubber for

sound and vibration isolation and move an appreciable amount when started and stopped. Under these circumstances, flexibility in the form of offsets

or loops should be provided to absorb this movement and avoid line breakage. The refrigerant piping system should conform to all codes, laws, and regulations applying at the site of the installation. Piping Materials Copper tubing and solder type wrought fittings are used for the majority of refrigeration piping systems although steel pipe with threaded or welded fittings are used for larger size lines and certain industrial applications. Copper tubing is available in a variety of diameters and three standard weights. The weights are designated as K, L, & M and each has a different wall thickness a s shown in Table 3 on the next page. Complete data on the physical properties of copper tubing are given in Table 3, page 3-3, of the Carrier System Design Manual, Part 3 - Piping Design.

- 11 -

TABLE 3 Outside Diameter (m.] 1-3/8 Wall Thickness

(trr.)

Weight K (400 psi)* L (250 psi)* M (250 pSi)* *Working Pressure

Duty Heavy

Inside Diameter (In.) 1.245

.065

Medium

1-3/8

.055

1.265

Light

1-3/8

.042

1.291

Refrigerant tubing size is specified wall thickness actual

by outside diameter

(OD).

The variable of the

of the various weights results

in a slight variation

inside diameter for a given tube size.

Type L with a working pressure for refrigeration.

of 250 psi is the weight most commonly used of 250 psi but is not deformed and requires of

Type M also has a working pressure work for it is too easily

recommended for refrigeration additional

supports to prevent sagging.

Type K ha s a working pressure

400 psi and may be required temperatures.

for hot gas lines when using R-22 at high condensing

Tubing for refrigeration capped with plastic annealed service.

service

should be free of dirt and scale and should be to prevent contamination before use. Bright,

type seals

copper tubing that has been deoxidized

is best for refrigeration

- 12 -

SUCTION

LINE DESIGN

The first line to be considered for sizing and layout is the suction line. perhaps the most critical for three major design objectives must be met. are:
1.

It

is

These

Pressure drop at full load should be kept within reasonable limits. Oil return must be maintained at minimumload conditions. The design should minimize the possibility of liquid refrigerant draining or migrating to the compressor during shutdown, and oil and refrigerant from returning to the compressor in slugs during opera tion.

2. 3.

Let's first explore sizing procedures to assure a reasonable pressure drop. Figure 4 shows a chart for sizing copper suction lines.
'-_

CHART 16-SUCTION

LINES-COPPER TUBING

For Pressure Drop Corresponding to 2 F

2I

10 20 30 TONS OF REFRIGERATION

40

50 60

80 100

---

40 FilS F sH/lOS

F SeT

40 FilS F SH/IOS FilS F SC

Figure 4

- 13 ~
\

This chart is typical of a series in Carrier's System Des ign Manual, Part 3, for sizing suction, hot gas and liquid lines with refrigerants 12, 22, 500 and 502 using either copper tubing or steel pipe. This particular chart is for Refrigerant 22. It is based on 40F saturated suction and l05F saturated condensing temperature. adjust for other operating levels. Correction factors are used to

The chart is set up in terms of tons of

refrigeration on the horizontal ordinate versus equivalent length of the suction line for a pressure drop corresponding to a 2F change in saturation temperature. The solid lines running upward and tipped to the left represent the capacities of the various commercial sizes of Type L copper tubing when no liquid subcooling is provided. provided. The dashed lines should be used when 15F subcooling is

Interpolate between lines for subcooling values between 0 and 15F. Figure 5 shows

Use of the sizing chart is best illustrated with an example.

a simplified layout of a suction line with a riser, horizontal runout and dropleg to provide flexibility in the line and also to provide a passageway between the evaporator and the compressor for servicing and maintenance. To illustrate the sizing procedure for this suction line, let us assume the design load is 60 tons, with 40F saturated suction and 130F saturated condensing temperature.

- 14 CEILING

®
RISER 6
1

---..

71

@
DROP LEG

HORIZONTAL RUNOUT

71

LIQUID LINE

L.1- __

..JIW.II11L.J

II

CD
0

EVAPORATOR

CD THRU

@ = 90 WROUGHT ELBOWS
( LONG RADIUS)

Figure 5 Typically, a single evaporator section served by one expansion valve would have a capacity of 20 - 30 tons. up of two sections, A 60 ton evaporator would usually be made

each served by its own expansion valve and having its Since the objective is to illustrate pipe sizing, we

own suction connection.

have simplified the layout in Figure 5 with the above reservations. $uctionLine St~ing - lllustrativeProblem The following procedure is recommended for sizing refrigerant lines.
1.

Find the length of straight pipe in feet. this is: ( 1 + 6 + 7 + 7 + 1) = 22 feet

Referring to Figure 5,

- 15 -

r: ,

2. 3.

Add 50% ot obtain a trial total equivalent length, 1. 5 x 22 = 33 feet

If friction drop other than table basis is desired,

multiply the total

equivalent length by the correction factor from the supplemental table following the appropriate pipe or tubing sizing chart. This

is shown on Figure 6. In this case, we wish to design the suction line for a drop not to exceed 2F which is the basis of the sizing table so no correction is necessary.
Pressure drop is given

en

equivalent

degrees

be determined

by referring

to the saturated

beeeuse of the general refrigerant tables.

eceeptence of this method of sizing. The corresponding lOS F condensing.

pressure

drop

en

psi may

To use Charts 16 and 17 for conditions other than 40 F saturated suction. and use the product in reading the chart IS = Suction; HG = HOi Gas). SATURATED COND TEMP (F) 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 NOTES, 1. To use suclion hot gas and liquid line charts for friction chart. Friction Multiplier 2. Pipe ... es are OD and are for Type Lcopper tubing. Drop (F) Liquid Line Hot Gas Line 5uction Line drop'other -40 5 4.75 HG 1.52 SUCTION

multiply the load in ton. by the factor below and

TEMPERATURE

-30 5 3.72 3.86 4.05 HG 1.49 1.38 1.28

-20 5 2.95 3.06 3.21 3.37 HG 1.41 1.33 1.25 1.18 1.11

-10 5 2.37 2.45 2.57 2.70 2.84 3.02 HG 1.35 1.26 1.19 1.14 1.09 1.03 1.00

I
5 1.92 1.99 2.08 2.19 2.29 2.44 2.58 2.78 3.00

0 HG 1.30 1.21 1.14 1.08 1.05 1.01 0.97 0.94 0.93

I
5 1.57 1.63 1.70

10 HG 1.28 1.18 1.09 1.03 0.99 0.96 0.94 0.92 0.90

(F) 20 5 1.29 1.34 1.41 1.47 1.54 1.64 1.73 1.86 2.00 HG 1.25 1.15 1.07 1.00 0.95 0.91 0.89 0.88 0.87 5 1.07 1.12 1.17 1.23 1.28 1.36 1.44 1.54 1.65 30 HG 1.23 1.13 1.05 0.98 0.92 0.88 0.85 0.83 0.83

1
5 0.90 0.94 0.98

40 HG 1.20 1.11 1.03 0.96 0.90 0.86 0.82 0.80 0.78

I
5 0.76 0.79 0.82 0.86 0.90 0.95

50 HG 1.16 1.08 1.01 0.94 0.89 0.84 0.80 0.77 0.75

TONS MULTIPLYING

FACTOR

- 3.55 ----

- 3.20 --

1.79· 1.87 1.99 2.11 2.26 2.44

1.02 1.08' 1.13 1.20 1.28 1.37

1.01 1.08 1.15

than 2 F. multiply equivalent

length by fector below and use produ<t in reading

.5 4.0

1.0 2.0

1.5 1.3

2.0 1.0

2.5 0.8

3.0 0.7

4.0 0.5

5.0 0.4

6.0 0.3

Figure 6 4. Correct for suction and condensing temperature. tonnage multiplying factors. of Design Manual. is 1.13. Figure 6 shows

This same table appears on page 3-53

The multiplier for 40F suction and 130F condensing

Adjusted tons for entering the sizing chart are: 1.13 x 60 tons = 67.8 = say 68 adjusted tons

- 16 -

5.

Now enter the sizing chart with an adjusted and a trial total equivalent

figure of 68 tons

length of 33 ft. to determine a line

size which will permit us to determine the size of the fittings required. A 2-5/811 OD tube will handle 68 tons at 80 ft. equivalent So 2-5/811 tubing and fittings length

and a 2F friction loss. selected.

TABLE ll-FlniNG

are tentatively

LOSSES IN EQUIVALENT FEETOf PIPE

Screwed, Welded, Flanged, Flared, and Brazed Connections

SMOOTH NOMINAL PIPE OR TUBE SIZE (In.) 90° SId· 90° Long Rad.t 90° S'reel· BEND ELBOWS 45° SId· 45° Street· 180° SId· Flow-Thru Branch • SMOOTH No Reduclion BEND TEES Thru Flow Reduced Reduced 14

5lralghl-

~
1.4 1.6 2.0 2.6 3.3 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.5 9.0 10 13 16 20 25 30 34 38

~
0.9 1.0 1.4 1.7 2.3 2.6 3.3 4.1 5.0 5.9 6.7 8.2 10 13 16 19 23 26 29 33 40

@- t§
2.3 2.5 3.2 4.1 5.6 6.3 8.2 10 12 15 17 21 25 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.3 1.7 2.1 2.6 3.2 4.0 4.7 5.2 6.5 7.9 10 13 16 18 20 23 26 30

{b
1.1 1.3 1.6 2.1 3.0 3.4 4.5 5.2 6.4 7.3 8.5 11 13

~
2.3 2.5 3.2 4.1 5.6 6.3 8.2 10 12 15 17 21 25 33 42 55 62 70 81 94

® fEB2:7 3.0 4.0 5.0 7.0 8.0 10 12 15 18 21 25 30 40 50 60 68 78 85 100 115 0.9 1.0 1.4 1.7 2.3 2.6 3.3 4.1 5.0 5.9 6.7 8.2 10 13 16 19 23 26 29 33 40

tEu

Yl

rlfj)1d
t, --"

nfll~
1.4 1.6 2.0 2.6 3.3 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.5 9.0 10 13 16 20 25 30 34 38 42 50 60

~
I 114 l!h 2 2!h 3

Yo

1.2 1.4 1.9 2.3 3.1 3.7 4:7 5.6 7.0 8.0 9.0 12 14 18 23 26 30 35 40 44

3Yl
4 5 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24

60

SO

42

SO

SO

Figure 7

6.

The equivalent

length of the elbows in the suction line may be

determined from Figure 7 which is the same as Table 11 on page 3-17 of the Piping Design Manual. for screwed, welded, flanged, This table may be used

flared or solder type fittings.

Most wrought copper fittings have a long radius and correspond to a 900 long radius ell in the table.

- 17 -

The nominal size of copper tube is 1/8" less than its OD size, so the nominal size of 2-5/8" OD tube is 2-1/2". Each elbow in to 4.1 feet of

the suction line then has a friction rate equivalent straight pipe. fitting s is: Straight tubing 4 Ells @ 4 • 1 = 16.4 ft. Total Equivalent Length Since a 2-5/8" to 80 feet, The actual total equivalent

length of the line plus

=
=
=

.!Z. ft.

22 ft.

39 ft. load up

OD line will handle the 68 ton adjusted line is OK.

the 2-5/8"

The actual pressure Actual Pressure

drop may be determined from a simple ratio: = Actual Eguiv. Length (ft.) Allowable Length for 2F drop (ft.) 39 80 x 2F

Drop

x 2F = 0.975F

Oil Return - Minimum Load

At this point, we have selected load at a pressure

a suction line which will handle the design to 0.975F. Now consideration should

drop corresponding

be given to oil return.

Figure 8 shows a portion of Table 18 on page 3-58 This table shows the Minimum Tonnage for

of Design Manual on Piping.

Oil Entrainment Up Suction Risers with R-22.

- 18 TABLE la-MINIMUM TONNAGE* FOR OIL ENTRAINMENT UP SUCTION RISERS

Pipe OD Area,~qln. Ref.

~
.146 Sst. 40 20 0 20 40 .09 .11 .13 .16 .18

COPPER

TUBING

TYPE 1

I
J

% I y.. .233 J .348 .16 .20 .24 .28 .33 % .27 .33 .39 .46 .54

I
J

%
.484 .41

1 1'n 1 1% .1 .825 1.256 .79 .96 1.2 U 1.6 lli 1.34 1.60 1.96 2.30 2.70 1%

1% 1 2li 1 2% 1 3li I 1.78 3.094 4.77 1 6.8121 2.1 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.1 1% 4.1 5.0 6.1 7.1 8.2 2li 7.1 8.7 10.4 12.1 14.1 2% 11.1 13.5 16.2 18.9 22.0 3li

3% J 9.213 J 16.1 19.6 23.6 27.6 321 3%

n.w
22.4 27.4 32.8 38.1 44.6 4li

4li

.so
.59 70 .81

R-22t

Pipe OD

Y.t

.Minimum tonnage values are based on the indicated saturation temperatures (SST) with IS F of superheat and 90 F liquid temperature. tFor R·12, R·22 and R·500 reduce or Increase table values 1% for 10 F less or more superheat. tFor R.502 reduce or increase table values 2% for 10 F less or more superheat. For liquid temperatures other than 90 F, multiply the table values by the corresponding factor listed in the following table. Uquld Temperature. Correction Factors

R-12, R-22, R-500 1-502

50 1.20 1.26

60 1.15' 1.20

70 1.10 1.13

80

LOS
1.07

90 1.00 1.00

100 .95 .94

110 .90 .88

120 .85 .82

130 .80 76

140 .75 .70

Uquld temperature

equals condensing temperature minus subcoollng.

Figure 8 To illustrate use of this data, let us assume that the compressor used for the previous example is capable of unloading to 20% of its design capacity of 60 tons. Minimumcapacity then equals, 60 tons x 20% or 12.0 tons.
It

is

assumed that the suction temperature is still 40F at the minimumload. 1. Inspection in Table 18, page 3-58, shows that the minimum capacity of a 2-5/8" line at 40F suction for oil return is 14.1 tons. This is higher than our minimumcapacity of 12.0 tons and oil would not be returned at those times that the load was less than 14.1 tons. A means must be provided for preventing this from

occurring and insuring oil return at 12.0 tons load. 2. In such a circumstance, the designer should first consider the possibility of reducing the size of the vertical riser. In Table 18,

- 19 we find that a 2-1/8" OD line at 40F suction will return oil at a of 12.0 tons.

minimum load of 8.2 tons which is l':>elow the requirement

To determine if this approach is feasible,

the pressure

drop with the 2-1/8" at a design load of

riser should be checked to determine if it is reasonable 40 tons adjusted.

To determine this, elbows.

we must determine the equivalent length is: 6.0 ft. = 6.6 ft. =l2.6ft •
=

length of the riser and two

Riser equivalent

Stra ight tubing Two, 2-1/8" Ells @ 3.3 ft. Total Equivalent Length

. ~
.,

Referring to Chart 16 on page 3-52, with 68 tons adjusted 2-1/8" OD line is good for an equivalent drop for the riser is:

load,

we find that a The

length of 30 ft. for a 2F drop.

actual pressure

2F x

30

12 • 6 = 0 • 84F

The remaining portions of the suction line will still be run with 2-5/8" tubing as determined equivalent length of: Straight tubing Two, 2-5/8" Ells @4.1 ft. Total Equivalent Length
= =
=

OD

earlier.

This portion of the suction line has an

...1L1.
24.2

16.0 ft.

ft.
ft.

say 25 ft.
load up to portion of

It will be recalled

that a 2-5/8"

line will carry a 68 ton adjusted drop in the 2-5/8"

80 ft. for a 2F line drop.

The actual pressure

- ~O -

the suction line is: 2F x 25 80

= 0.625F

The total line drop from the evaporator to the compressor inlet is: 0.84 + 0.625 = 1.465F This is lower than the pressure drop corresponding to the 2F recommended for suction lines. By reducing the riser size from 2-5/8" to 2-1/8", the

suction line has been kept simple and easy to install and, at the same time, oil return at minimumcompressor load is assured. Double Suction Riser When suction lines are short and direct with suction temperatures between 35 to 45F, the designer will frequently find that a double suction riser is not required since a reduced size riser will meet the situation, as just demonstrated.

However, there are several circumstances that may indicate the use of a double suction riser to assure oil return at minimumload and prevent excessive pressure drop in the riser at design load. As the length of the suction line increases, a larger diameter line is required
If

for a given load to keep pressure drop reasonable at design load.

a single

suction riser is selected for oil return at minimumload, its area may be so small compared to full the load requirements that excessive pressure drop will result. A double suction riser can be designed to overcome this problem

- 21 when it occurs. Also as the suction temperature decreases, gas increases. the specific volume of the suction

At 40F saturated, the specific volume of R-22 is 0.6575 cf/lb. and at

At OFsaturated, the value has more than doubled being 1.373 cf/lb. -20F saturated, the specific volume is 2.083 cf/lb.

The effect of this volume

increase is illustrated in the tonnage correction factors for suction lines on page 3-53 of the design manual. As the suction temperature decreases, line size is required. for the same tons load, a larger suction the full load pres sure drop

Under these circumstances,

of a single riser, sized for oil return at minimumload, is frequently excessive and a double suction riser is usually needed. Another situation which may require a double suction riser occurs with single or multiple compressors having a large number of cylinders which can be unloaded. This may result in a minimumcapacity which is only 10 or 15% A double suction riser is usually required under

of the design capacity. this circumstance. Figure 9 illustrates two methods of constructing

SUCTION LINE TO COMPRESSOR

SUCTION LINE TO COMPRESSOR

a double suction riser. This figure also appears on page 3-57 of the Piping Design Manual.

EVAP. EVAP. RED. TEE, RED. TEE

r('c
B
ALTERNATE -W'it:RE B IS SMALLfR THAN C

45°STR. ELLS METHOD

~U-BEND OR 2 ELLS

''A"

METHOD "6"

Figure 9

- 22 -

Referring to the figure, the minimumload riser "A" is sized so that is returns oil at the minimumpossible load. The second riser "B" is usually larger than

riser "A" and is Sized so that the parallel pressure drop through both risers at full load is reasonable. A trap is introduced between the two risers as shown. During partial load,

operation when the gas velocity is insufficient to return oil up both risers, the trap gradually fills with oil until the second riser "B" is sealed off. When this occurs, the gas travels up riser "A" only at a sufficient velocity to carry oil along with it up to the horizontal suction line and return it to the compressor. The fittings at the bottom of the riser must be close coupled so that the oil holding capacity of the trap is held to a minimum. A large volume trap can accumulate enough oil on partial load operation to seriously lower the compressor crankcase oil level. Also, larger slug-backs of oil to the compressor

can occur when the trap clears out on increased load operation.
It will be noted that the large riser "B" taps into the horizontal main through

an inverted loop and enters from the top.

This loop prevents oil dreinage

into the riser when it is idle during partial load operation. Sizing Procedure - Double Suction Riser To illustrate the sizing procedure for a double suction riser, let us assume that all conditions are the same as in the previous example, except the

- 23 ~

distance between the evaporator and compressor is increased, horizontal suction line 40 feet long.

resulting in a

Now the suction line layout is as shown

on Figure 10 using a double suction riser.

t-----40·
A B

-------..t
DROP LEG

..

DOUBLE SUCTION RISER

EVAPORATOR
_,i

Figure 10 To refresh our memories, the design load is 60 tons. 20%of this or 12.0 tons. The minimumload is

The operating levels are 40F saturated suction The correction factor for Refrigerant

and 130F saturated condensing temperature.

40S/130CT is 1.13 and adjusted tons is 60 x 1.13 = 68 tons. is R-22.

- 24 Here is the suggested sizing procedure: 1. Determine the feet of straight pipe from the evaporator to the compressor via riser IIBII. This is:
(1 + 6 + 1 + 40 + 7 + 1)
=

56 ft. 28 ft.
84

Add 50% fitting allowance Trial Equivalent Length 2.

=
=

ft.

Determine size of suction line required.

From Chart 16, page 3-52,

a 3-1/811 OD line will handle a 68 ton adjusted load at 200 feet for a 2F drop. 3. Determine riser size for minimumload. From Table 18, page 3-58,

a 2-1/811 OD line will return oil at a minimumload of 8.2 tons at 40F saturated suction. 4. Determine size of supplemental riser. The supplemental riser is

selected such that the cross sectional areas of riser IIA IIplus IIBII equals or slightly exceeds the area of the 3-1/811 OD line. The areas of the various tube sizes are given at the top of Table 18. Area of 3-1/811 OD line Area of 2-1/811 Difference 6.81 sq. in.
3.09 sq. in.

=
=

3.72 sq. in.

A 2-5/811 line has a cross sectional area of 4.77 sq. in.

- 25 We have now sized the complete suction line. Referring to Figure 11, the

minimumriser "A" from the tee(Dto tee@is run 2-1/8" ODe Riser "B" from tee(Dto tee@is run in 2-5/8" OD, and the balance of the line from tee(§)to the compressor is run 3-1/8" ODe

2 118"

--A
I

DOUBLE SUCTION RISER

DROP LEG

-:
r
~

3 1/8"

EVAPORATOR I

Figure 11 Double Suction Riser - Pressure Drop Now we should check to determine if the pressure drop in the suction line from evaporator to compres sor is rea sonable at full load. To determine the

actual pressure drop in the overall suction line is quite involved, but doing this will illustrate the behavior of the double suction riser at full load.

- 28 -

For example

from Chart 16: 2-1/8" 2-5/8" OD @ 120 ft. E.L. OD @ 240 ft. E.L. Total

Riser "A" Riser "B"

=
= =

32 tons l§_ tons 68 tons

Normally,

riser

"B" will carry more than half the total

load.

Now we may determine of actual equivalent

the actual

pressure

drop in either

riser

as a function

length. 2F x 25 ft. 120 ft.

Riser "A"

.417Ft

say.42F

or

Riser "B"

2F x

50ft. 240 ft.

.417 F ,

say.

42 F

To find the pressure in the horizontal

drop for the whole suction

line,

we must find the drop length of this section

runout and dropleg. is:

The equivalent

from tee 5 to the compressor

Stra ight pipe 2 Ells, 3-1/8" @ 5 ft. Total Equivalent Length

48 ft. lOft. 58ft.

From Chart 2F drop.

16, a 3-1/8"

line will handle is:

68 adjusted

tons at 200 ft. with a

The drop for 58ft. __§_fl_ 200

2F x

O.58F

- 29 Total suction line drop at full load is: Double Suction Riser Balance of Line (3-1/8) Total
= =

.42 F
.58 F 1. 00 F

The above discussion on double suction riser pressure drop was done primarily to illustrate the behavior of the riser at full load. procedure be followed in actual practice. The pressure drop in the suction line can be found easily and with sufficient accuracy in a simpler way. To approximate, assume that a 3-1/811 OD line is This assumes that the 2-1/811 plus the 2-5/8"
It is not necessary that the

run from tee{!)to the compressor.

risers are equivalent to a 3-1/8" line in friction drop. The equivalent length of riser "B" from tee(Dto tee@is as follows: Riser "B" {3-1/8" OD} side inlet tee 180 return bend straight pipe
e-,

= = = = = =

15.0ft. 12.0 ft. 7.0 ft. 10.0 ft. 15.0 ft. 59.0 ft. Therefore,

2 ells @ 5.0 1 branch tee Total E. L.

The balance of the line from tee{§)to the compressor is 58 ft.

the approximate pressure drop from evaporator to compressor is: 59 + 58 200 x 2F

=

1.17F

- 30 -

This is a close approximation justifies the simplified

of the 1.00 F drop calculated

previously

and

approach since it is on the safe side.

SUCTION

LINE LAYOUT

Earlier in this presentation, controls

it was stated that the piping layout and cycle

should protect the compressor during operation as well as shutdown.

In discussing mind.

suction line layout,

two basic principles

should be kept in

These are:

1.

Refrigerant vapor will flow from a higher temperature a lower temperature vapor pres sure. level because of the difference

level to in refrigerant

2.

The oil in the compres sor crankcase refrigerants.

is miscible with halogen and is of refrigerant

The oil also has a low vapor pressure

capable of attra cting and absorbing large quantities vapor.

To demonstrate lubricating

the ability of and

oil to attract

absorb refrigerant,

Figure 12

shows the two gla s s cylinders which are interconnected top. at the

The left side conta ins R-12

while the right side contains lubricating oil. At start-up, the Figure 12

- 31 -

liquid levels equilibrium crossover

are equal,

the temperature

of the oil and the refrigerant

are in

with room temperature tube is closed.

which is about 75F.

The valve in the

The valve in the crossover is then opened and time is permitted to pass.

tube

Figure 13 20 hours

shows what has happened later.

It rnay be noted that the

II

oil level ha s risen about 4 and the refrigerant

level has

dropped about the same amount. Figure 13

This same phenomena

can occur in a refrigeration

system.

Any refrigerant

which traps in the evaporator through the suction crankcase

during shutdown will migrate to the compres sor by the lubricating oil. On start-up,

line and be absorbed

foaming and loss of oil can become a serious

problem as discussed

earlier under Oil Return.

One a spect of compres sor protection refrigerant out of the evaporator

during shutdown

is to keep liquid to minimize the forces crankcase.

or, if it is present,

which will cause the refrigerant

to migrate to the compressor

- 32 -

Figure 14 shows a suction line layout that is recommended in several refrigerant piping manuals. The stated purpose

LOOP TO PREVENT LIQUID FROM DRAINING INTO COMPRES70R

TO COMPRESSOR

of the loop rising to the top of the evaporator is to prevent liquid refrigerant from draining to the compressor below the evaporator. In most cases, this loop will be ineffective.
EVAPORATOR ABOVE COMPRESSOR

Figure 14
If a small quantity of liquid

refrigerant lies in the evaporator, the oil in the crankcase will cause the refrigerant to migrate to the oil and be absorbed. purpose in such a situation. The loop serves no useful

As a second case, let's assume the evaporator

If sufficient

temperature at shutdown is higher than that of the compressor.

refrigerant collects in the evaporator to give a liquid seal at the evaporator outlet, then each pound difference in pressure will lift the refrigerant two feet in the loop.
If a 10 psi difference existed between the evaporator and

compressor, the loop would have to be over 20 ft. high to prevent refrigerant being pushed over the loop to the compressor. The best way to prevent liquid refrigerant from draining or migrating to the compressor is to resort to (1) automatic pump down control, (2) a combination

of single pump out and crankcase heater or (3) a crankcase heater which is energized whenever the compressor is not running. It is assumed that a

- 33 liquid line solenoid is used with the crankcase heater as well as methods (1) and (2). Automatic pump down control is the most effective method of protecting the compressor. compressor.
In

this case, the suction line could be free draining to the

Some people object to the method because it complicates

controls, cycles the compressor while it is unattended, and usually requires the heat rejection equipment to cycle on each time the compressor operates. In the pumpout method, the liquid solenoid closes and the evaporator is pumped out once and the compressor stops. energized when the compressor stops. The crankcase heater is

With crankcase heater only a liquid

solenoid closes when the compressor stops and the crankcase heater is energized. The crankcase heater used in methods (2) and (3) above is normally sized to increase crankcase oil temperature about 25F above ambient temperature at shutdown. Increasing the oil temperature at a given pressure reduces the This minimizes the migration of refrigerant

oills ability to absorb refrigerant. to the compressor crankcase.

The crankcase heater also tends to warm up the entire compressor body.

The

higher compressor temperature minimizes the possibility of condensation of refrigerant vapor in the compressor.

- 34 -

HOT GAS DISCHARGE LINE DESIGN

The design for suction

objectives lines.

for hot gas discharge

lines are very similar to those These are:

There are three major considerations.

1.

Pressure

drop at full load should be kept within reasonable

limits.

2.

Oil return or circulation conditions.

must be rnaintained at minimum load

3.

The design and layout should minimize the possibility refrigerant accumulating

of oil or

in the compres sor heads during shutdown. CONDENSER

Figure 15 shows the layout of the hot gas line for a continuation of the problem used to illustrate suction line sizing.

It rnay be noted tha t the hot

TO EVAPORATOR 31/8"00 SUCTION LINE

ga s line leaving discharge

the compressor

is looped to the floor

HOT GAS LINE

f
141

before rising to the air cooled condenser on the roof , The

purpose of the loop is to collect any oil which drains down the line a t shutdown. COMPRESSOR

FLOOR-......... Figure 15

- 35 This loop can also collect a limited quantity of refrigerant which may condense in the hot gas line during shutdown, and it also provides line flexibility which will absorb compressor vibration and line expansion. There are circumstances when the hot gas loop will not protect the compressor from condensed refrigerant. For example, let's assume that refrigerant flow There is no receiver

to the evaporator is controlled by a liquid line solenoid.

and, at shutdown, the minimumoperating refrigerant charge for the condenser lies in the condenser tubes. Let's further assume that the ambient temperature and solar effects create a temperature of 120F in the condenser coil. pressure for R-22 is 259.9 psig. The corresponding saturation

If the compressor assumes an equilibrium

temperature of 95F in the apparatus room, the corresponding saturation pressure is about 181.8 pSig. Under these circumstances, refrigerant vapor will flow into the hot gas line

and collect as condensate in the loop shown in Figure 15. Since there is an appreciable pressure difference, this liquid will be pushed out of the loop and into the compressor heads. What will happen at start-up is somewhat problematical. In most cases

the first few strokes of the compressor will blow the liquid out of the compressor to the condenser. Valve breakage or damage to the compressor heads could

result in severe cases.

- 36 -

The practical solution to this problem is to install a check valve near the condenser inlet as shown on Figure 15. The pressure drop through the valve at design load will normally run 3 to 5 psi. To offset this, the compressor

saturated discharge temperature with R-22 would have to be increased an additional 1 to 1-1/2 degrees F above the allowance for friction in the hot gas discharge line. Manufacturer's ratings should be consulted for more

accurate pressure drop information. Hot Gas Line Sizing - Illustrative Problem The sizing procedure for hot gas lines is similar to that for suction lines. Figure 16 illustrates a sizing chart for hot gas lines which also appears on

page 3-52 of the Design Manual.

CHART 17-HOT

GAS LINES-COPPER

TUBING

For Pressure Drop Corresponding

50 0\\
40

to 2 F

\\

\t\
\
l\ I--

\\

1\
l'

l\

~ \\

\1\

\'

t\\ \\
I

r\r-.
1\
1\\

200
1501\

~\
\1\ ~ 1\

\1\

1\\
\
~

.\1\
r\1\

\'

~ \ \1\

~I\

,\

I\~
J,

\t\ "\

1\'

"\ \\ "l\ 1\\

..

~
I"

11

I"

§O
:I: 1&1

5"

'\ 1\8
\

0\"

1;80 z

\1\
~-

,\

1\,
\

...- I-

\
\

1-

I"

,\,

1\
,\

I"

\ l\

1,\1\

I\i\ Ift!i"~
I\~

\\

\'

1"~ 8

..":\ 8 8

'1\\

:...\

~ ~

"e

\1\

'\

\~
\

1\
I~.

1'\ l\

,1\

_'s

f---

1--- --

\\

!z5 0 1&1 _.
~4 0
1&13

\'
1\\
r----.~(---

~ ~ \

1\ l\

\\

\'
'

1\ \1\

r- I- _21 f'\

1\
\\

l\
~
1\

r\ I ~

~''\ " .~
"\ '11\

1\\

1'\
I~
\
1\

~ 1\

\\

l\

~\
\

-'\

5 a

l\

-_--2

2I

f~K
3

,\

1\\ '\

~ \,
~\

,
"1\

\\

'\ 5S

\\

10
TONS

1\'

1\\
40

"\ ,\
\1\

f\\

\\

\\

'\
1\\ \

I\' '1\

\\

'\

\1\

\\

I~ '\
,\

1\\

20

\
30

\
.\

50 GO

l\

80 100

l\

\\

200

1\ \1\ 1\, 1\\ \1\ '\

3)()

'4 :>0500

OF REFRIGERATION

-----

40 FIlS 40 FIlS

F SH/IOS F SeT F SH/IOS FIlS F se

Figure 16

- 37 Tonnage correction multiplying factors for other than 40F saturated suction and 105F condensing appear at the bottom of page 3-53. Using the same job conditions as before, the design load is 60 tons. The

saturated suction is 40F and the saturated discharge is 130Fwith R-22. The minimumload is 20% of design load or 12.0 tons. Assume pressure

drop will not exceed a 2F change in saturation temperature. Following is the recommended sizing procedure: 1. Find length of straight pipe in feet. this is 2. Referring to Figure IS,

(1 + 3 + 1 + 14 + 2) = 21 feet

Add 50% for fittings to find trial equivalent length, 1.5 x 21

31.5

say 32 feet (See Figure 6, page 14)

3.

Determine tons multiplying factor.

Multiplier = 0.86 for 40F saturated suction and 130F saturated condensing temperature. Adjusted tons 4.

60 x 0.86 = 51.6

say 52 tons

Determine tentative size of tubing and fittings. From Chart 17, page 3-52, a 1-5/8" OD line will handle 52 tons at 50 feet equivalent length with a 2F line loss.

- 38 5. Determine Actual Equivalent Length: Straight pipe Ells (Four, 1-5/8" @ 2.6) Total E.L. 6. Find Actual Friction Loss: 31.4 50.0 x 2F
=

= =

21. 0 ft. 10.4 ft. 31.4 ft.

1.26F

Oil Entrainment - Hot Gas Lines Now the hot gas discharge line should be checked for oil entrainment at minimumtonnage. Figure 17 shows Table 19 from page 3-61 of the System

Design Manual - Piping.

TABLE 19-MINIMUM
Pipe Ref. OD Set. 'h ~io

TONNAGE
'4 .348 .69 .69 .69 .67 .66 .64 .63 .61 .59 '4
'10

FOR OIL ENTRAINMENT UP HOT GAS RISERS

COPPER TUBING-TYPE L

Area 5q In. 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160

Pipo OD

.146 .23 .23 .23 .23 .22 .22 .21 .21 .20 I'z

.233
.42

.484 1.04 1.04 1.03 1.02 1.00 .98 .96 .93 .89
'10

lVo .825 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.7 lVo

1~ 1.256 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.1 2.9
Hio

H.
1.78 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.2 5.1 5.0 4.9 4.7 4.5 11'0
tonnages

2'10

3.094 10.6 10.6 10.5 10.4 10.2 10.0 9.7

9.4

21'0 4.77 18.2 18.2 18.0 17.9 17.5 17.2 16.'r 16.2 15.5 2".

3Vo 6.812 28.3 28.2 28.1 27.9 27.4 26.8 26.1 25.2 24.1
3'10

3". 9.213 41.5 41.3 41.0 40.S 39.9 39.0 38.0 36.8 35.2 31'0
temperature the toble

4V. 11.97 57.5 57.3 56.7 56.5 55.4 54.0 52.6 51.0 48.8 4V.
of vCl~ues

R·22·

.42 .42 .41 .40 .39 .38 .37 .36 ".

9.0
2'10

SCT-Saturated Condens.ing Temperature.

*Minimum tannugcs cue based On 0 saturated suction tomperature of 20 F with 15 F of superheat at the indicated s.aturated condensing temperatures with 15 F subcooling and actual dis.chorge temperature bos.ed on 70% compressor effic~ency.

tMinimum

-20

F. AU other

are besed on a setcreted sue-len conditions are the same as ebeve. other than the

For suction temperatures by the 'onowing factors: Set. scet tempC!'raturC!' Corr.clioo faclor

other

than

the

20 F, multiply

thet toble

volues

For suction temperatures by the following faclors: Sol. ,ucltemperature> Correction factor

·-20 F.. mutiply -20

1.0

-40
.BS

-20 .90

0 .95

+20 1.0

+.tC0 1.06

-'60 .87

-40 .94

0
1.08

+20
1.15

+~O
1.21

Figure 17 Inspection in the table indicates that a 1-5/8" hot gas line will return oil at a minimumload of 5 tons at 130F saturated discharge temperature. This

is well below the required minimumof 12.0 tons, so oil entrainment at all loads is assured with a 1-5/8" OD line.

- 39 -

Double Discharge Risers There may be occasions when double discharge risers are indicated. The

need could be caused by unusually long lines requiring a large diameter pipe size or by single or multiple compressors with capacity control which might unload down to 10%or less of des ign capacity. Sizing of double discharge lines would be done in the same manner as described earlier for double suction risers.
LIQUID LINE DESIGN

Liquid lines are perhaps the easiest to design and size since refrigerant oil is sufficiently miscible with liquid refrigerant to insure adequate mixing and oil return. Low line velocities and traps in liquid lines do not pose oil

return problems. The amount of allowable liquid line pressure drop is dependent on the degree of subcooling which can be provided by subcooling circuits in the condenser or by liquid-suction interchangers. Normal practice is to size the liquid

line itself for a drop not exceeding 2 degree F. Liquid Line Sizing - illustrative Problem The procedure for sizing liquid lines is the same as that already established for suction and hot ga s discharge lines.

- 40 -

Figure 18 shows an extension of the illustrative problem to now include the liquid line and typical accessories. All loads and operating conditions are The liquid line is to be

assumed to be the same as previously established. sized for drop not to exceed 2F.

ROOF
101

21

LIQUID LINE LTER DRIER SOLENOID VALVE PANS ION VALVE

t
61
SUCTION LINE

Figure 18 Figure 19, on.the next page, illustrates a sizing chart for R-22 liquid lines which also appears as Chart 18 on page 3-53 of the System Design Manual.

- 41 It may be noted that the range of this chart is from -40F to SOFsuction and

80F to 160F saturated condensing temperature.

It may also be used for 130F The chart is based on

condensing temperature without warranting correction. a drop of 2 degree F.

CHART l8-L1QUID

LINES-COPPER

TUBING

For Pressure Drop Corresponding

50

to 2 F

40 o 30 0

O~\
\\

\\

\~ \

\1\ .\
1\\

\\
1\\

\~

\1\

20 0 150

r\\
~

'\
~

\'

\'

\[\

\'

\\
\

\[\
[\\

\1\

1\

\\
\
\~

\\

\\
2.,l"

~3~

\[\
\
~

1\

'Y
~

\'

\'

\\

\\

\ 2~

:\-

\\

~IO 0

I~

1\\
\
~ 1\
1\

\
~
,\ l'
\llJ

1\, 1\ \\ii \
\

1'\

'\
~

\'
1\'

"
\

:r

,\

\ 1\ Ie
1\1\

'\ l\

3"~

,\

~
,\

.\
\\

1,\

\\
~
\

1;80 z

1\

\\

""

~6 0

I\,

\\~

!ii:s 0
~4 0

~ ""

~\8

3"

s a

\\
4

l\ t l\
1\

.\

\\ \\
1\

,\

\\

""30

1\\ \'
5

\\
\ ~
,\.

.\

l\
\\

I~
\1\
40

I\l\

"

'\
1\\

\l\

1\

1\,\

1\ 1\\
\ 1\

1'l\

1\\

\\

1\\ \ I\.
1.\

l\

1\\
\\

2I

'\

10 20 30 TONS OF REFRIGERATION Range of Chart 18,

\\

\\

1\'\

50 «;0

80 100

......\

zoo

\\

3:xr'lmOO

\1\

---40 -

-40

F/W15 F SH/l0S F SCT F/WIS F SH/l0S F/WIS F SC

Saturated SuctionTemperatures CondensingTemperatures

-40 F to 50 F 80 F to 160 F

Figure 19 Following is the recommended sizing procedure:

1.

Find length of stra ight pipe. this is

Referring to Figure 19,

(1 + 2 + 10 + 3 + 1 + 1) = 18 feet

'"
l

- 42 -

2.

Add 50% for fitting allowance to find trial equivalent length. 1.5 x 18 feet

27. 0 feet

3.

Determine tentative size of tube and fittings from Chart 18, page 3-53, of the System Design Manual. (no correction). Tons load is 60

Inspection in Chart 18 shows that a 7/8" OD

line will handle the design load at 27 feet for a 2F drop. 4. Determine Actual Equivalent Length: Straight pipe 4 Ells, 7/8" @ 1.4 Total E.L. 5.
=

18.0 ft. ~ft. 23.6, say 24 ft.

Determine Actual Friction Drop: Actual Drop

2F x

1.78F

Pressure Drop Accessories It is not unusual to find a number of accessories solenoid valves, filter driers or strainers. in the liquid line such as

Each of these items offers

resistance to flow and creates pressure drop in addition to the line loss. Thermal expansion valves are rated and selected on the basis of having 100% liquid at the valve inlet. The presence of flash gas in the liquid supply

reduces the capacity of the valve and this, in turn, results in underfeeding the evaporator and reduces system capacity. If small amounts of flash gas

extst , the expansion valve can be oversized to compensate.

- 43 -

Most heat rejection devices in use today provide a minimumof 5 degrees F liquid subcooling. Some types are available with liquid subcooling circuits

which provide as much as 15 degrees F subcooling. The layout of the liquid line and accessories as shown on Figure 18 can be used to demonstrate the amount of subcooling required to prevent generation of flash gas due to pressure drop in the liquid line. The first step is to determine the pressure drop in the filter drier and liquid line solenoid valve. Page 1 of the Appendix gives capacity ratings and

_,.,,",_..L

pressure drops for solenoid valves. By inspection in the ratings, we find that a Sporlan Type MA32valve with R-22 will handle 60 tons with a pressure drop of 3 psi. While on Appendix page 1, the suggested method of installing moisture and liquid indicators is illustrated. There are two choices. On liquid lines up

to 2-1/8" OD, full flow indicators are available for installation in the liquid line. For lines larger than 2-1/8" OD, the indicator may be installed in

a bypass line as shown at the bottom of Appendix page 1. In our case, we could select a solder type indicator, type no. SA-17S, which has 7/8" OD connections. The pressure drop through a full load or bypass

type indicator is negligible and is usually ignored in determining liquid line pressure drop.

- 44 -

Appendix page 2 contains selection data for Sporlan filter driers.

Assuming

that our illustrative system is of the built-up type we could select a type no. C-19211 with Standard Cores which has a rating of 75 tons for OEM self-contained equipment and 60 tons for field built-up systems. The 75

ton rating for factory assembled equipment is based on better control of system contamination and better dehydration than field assembled systems. Assuming reasonable care is used in the installation of our illustrative system, the type C-19211 should be suitable fora 60 ton system. The pressure drop for filter driers is normally taken to be 2 psi for calculating liquid line losses.
ODF.

The connection size for the type C-19222 unit is 1-3/8"

Liquid Subcooling Now we can tabulate the pressure losses in the liquid line so the amount of subcooling to prevent generation of flash gas may be determined. 1. Pressure loss in the liquid line is equivalent to 1. 78F at 130F condens ing • 130F Sat. Temp. 128F Sat. Temp.

=
=

296.8 psig 289.1 psig 7•7 psi for 2F

psi drop for 1. 78F = 1.78

--r

x 7.7

6.85 psi or 6.9psi

- 45 2. Pressure drop in liquid line and accessories Liquid Line Filter Drier Solenoid Valve Total Drop is:

=
=

6.9 psi 2.0 psi 3.0 psi 11.9 psi

=
=

Reference to Figure 18 indicates higher than the evaporator inlet,

that the condenser

outlet is located

6 feet

excluding the filter drier.

This represents

a static head which will help to offset a portion of the friction loss.

At normal liquid temperatures,

1.8 ft. of R-12 is equivalent

to 1 psi.

For

R-22, the figure is 2.0 ft. and for R-500 the value is 2.1 ft.

In this case with R-22, a static head of 6 ft. is equivalent 6.0 ft. 2.0 ft.
=

to:

3.0 psi

Therefore, 11.9 -

the net pressure

loss in the liquid line and accessories

is

3.0

= 8.9 or say 9.0 psi.

Condensing pressure Net Pressure

at 130F

296.8psig 9.0 psi 287.8psig

Loss - Liq , Line

=
=

Net Pressure at TXValve Inlet

- 46 -

Saturation

temperature

corresponding

to 287.8 psig is 127. 6F as determined • in the Appendix.

by interpolation

from refrigerant

property tables

Subcooling to prevent flash gas is 130 - 127.6 or 2 .4F. provides expansion 5 degrees of subcooling, the liquid refrigerant

Assuming condenser would enter the

valve with about 2.6 degrees of subcooling

remaining.

Example 3 on page 3-56 of the Piping Design Manual demonstrates determine including subcooling vertical needed to compensate for liquid line pressure

how to drop

liquid lift.

OTHERPIPING LAYOUTS

No reference

has been made in this presentation or the piping details

to the interconnection

of

multiple compressors

for single and multiple condensers

with and without receivers.

Recommendations

for these

situations

are well described

and illustrated Reference

in

the Carrier System Design Manual,

Part 3, on Piping Design.

should be made to pages 3-62 through 3-71.

CONCLUSION

Having been through this presentation, conclude that it is virtually piping system. impossible

it would be quite natural for you to to design a perfect refrigeration

This is probably true.

- 47 -

Our objective

has been to give you a better concept of several

of the more

serious problems involved in piping design to enable you to identify the most obvious possibilities and avoid compounding errors of design.

Fortunately

compressors

are relatively their tolerance

rugged pieces

of equipment and

they have demonstrated

to a certain amount of abuse caused

by adverse operating conditions. margin of safety which is available.

The point here is not to use up all of the

Appendix SPORLAN SOLENOID VALVES

page

LI Q U r D
VALVf: TYPE WITHOUT WITH Manual Manual 1 Lift Stem Lift Stem .7 A3 2.1 B6 MB6 MA9, MB9 3.8 B9 MAIO 5.3 AlO MA14 7.1 A14 Al7 MAl7 11 MA24 13 A24 33 MA~2 B32 MB32 33 C32 Me32 33 MA42 47 MA50 92 REFRIGERANT 12 2 1.0 3.0 5.0 7.5 10.0 16 23

LI NEe

A PAC I T Y REFRIGERANT 22 PRESSURE

Tons of Refrigeration
REFRIGERANT 502 DROP-psi WATER G.P.M. 5 20

41
41 41 68 120

5 4 1 2 1.2 1.4 1.6 .9 1.3 3.8 4.1 4.8 2.7 3.8 6.9 6.0 7.6 4.9 6.5 8.4 9.9 11.0 6.8 9.0 12.0 14.0 15.6 9.2 12.7 20 22 24 14 20 37 43 31 17 29 47 53 53 42 52 47 53 58 42 52 53 58 47 42 52 88 93 80 59 85 156 169 141 106 1.52 sao flow
capacily

3 1.5 5.0

7.5.
10.0 15.0 25

39
60 60 60 102 178

NOTE:

Refrigerant

""'y

4 5 1.9 2.1 5.3 6.1 8.B 9.8 12.8 14.3 17.8 20.0 29 31 48 5.6 67 73 67 73 67 73 III 118 198 214

1
.6

2 .8 2.5 4.2 6.0 8.2 13

1.7
3.1 4.4 6.0 9 11 27 27 27 39 77

19
34 34 34 56 100 12 dala

3 1.0 3.1 5.0 7.5 10.0 16 23

3.9
39

39
67 117

5 4 L2 1.3 3.4 4.0 5.7 6.3 8.3 9.3 11.6 13.0 20 19 31 36 44 48 44 48 44 48 73 77 129 140 1.15

2.0

3.2 5.0 6.6 10.3 18 25 25

3:8' 6.3 B.8 10.S 21.3 40 48 48

_.

be determined

by multiplying

Refrigerant

by Ihe facior

SPORLAN MOISTURE & LIQUID INDICATORS

Listed by Underwriters'

liIboratories

Inc.

SPECIFICATIONS
SAE MALE x SWIVEL NUT Overall Type Length No. Inches SWIVEL NUT x SWIVEL NUT Overall Type Length No. Inches SAE FEMALE x SWIVEL NUT O~erall Type' Length No. Inches SWIVEL NUT x ODF SOLDER Overall Type Length No. Inches OOF SOLDER Type No. SA·12S SA·13S 51\·148 SA·15S SA·I7S SA·19S @SA·21l @SA·2I3 @SA·217 O~erall Length Inches

FEMALE & CONNEC· SAE MALE FLARE MALE FLARE nON Overall Overall SIZES Type Type length Length Inches No. No. Inches Inches l~ SA·12 31;8 SA·12FM 2H 3/S 8,11.·13 SA·13FM 3% 3% SA·14 SA·14FM 3H Ih SA·15 4'1s %

SA·13U SA·14U SA·15U

¥e

IVa

--

--

Pia

2%

1%

-~

----

3r, ---

3ft

Overall width of all models except SA·17S, SA·19S and 200 Serles r lB", weight 10 ounce s, Overall width of SA·17S & SA· 1liS, 1 %" square, weight 13 Ounces. Mod.l. with female flare and lor swivel nut connections are supplied with a copper ga.ket in the filting. @ These model. have copper connections and feature a removable element cartridge for replacement cartridgo

----

--

4'1s 4%

SA·13UU SA·14UU SA·15UU

SA·13FU SA·14FU

-3':;.

-SA·13SU SA·14SU SA·15SU

--

4'h

--

---

4%

--

----

3H

41.
4% 4Ys

4Ys

--

--

--

--

--

--

61,4 9

specify

AC·20.

MOiStURE
See-AU Shows

CONTENT PPM
Refrigerant 75' Below SDD 125' Below 100 100·230 Above 230 Refrigerants 75" Below 10 10·45 Above

Line Temp ...... Liquid

Relrigeranls 75' Below 5 6·15 Above 15

11 & 12
0

REFRIGERANT 22 75' Below 30 30·90 Above 90

502, 113 & 114

100

125' Below

100

125' Below 60 60·180 Above 180

100

1000
Below

125' Below 30 30·110 Above 110

Green DRY Chartreuse CAUTION Yellow· WET

Below

10-30
Above

10

20

Below

30

20·50 Above 50

45 45-130
Above

40

Below

130

40·90 Above 90

60 60-150
Above

20 20-65
Above

150

45

6S

BOLD figures are for the average design conditions of refrigerant liquid lines operating at 100°F. Since the actual temperature is; not critical, a ,ali,factory estimate can be made by comparing it to body temperature. If it feels cool to the touch, use 7SoF., whereas if it fears. worm, USe 12SoF. column figures.

REPRODUCED

BY PERMISSION

OF SPORLAN VALVE COMPANY,

ST.

LOUIS,

MO.

Appendix page 2

SPORLAH
@

LIQUID LINE CAPACITIES and SELECTION RECOMMENDATIONS

for REFRIGERANTS 12 - 22 REFRIGERANT FLOW CAPACITY Tons at 2 psi 75° F I 125° F 12 I 22 SEALED TYPES Refrigerant 22 60 PPM 1.3 1.7 1/4 1.9 2.2 2.5 2.9 2.2 5.2 6.3 2.5 5.8 6.9 10.5 10.9 2.4 6.3 7.6 15.5 19.4 20.8 6.2 14.9 21.4 28.8 13.1 1/3 1/3 1 2 1 3 4 1 3 1 4 5 3/4 3/4 2 1 2 3 1/4 3/4 1
@

RATINGSAT All stANDARD CONDITIONS

@ WATER CAPACITY DROPS AT

SURFACE TYPE FILTERING CATCH·ALL AREA Sq. In. C-032 C-032oS C-032·F C-032·FM C-033 C-033oS C-052 C-052oS c-G53 c-G53oS C-082 C-082oS C..Q83 C..Q83oS C..084 C..o84oS C-162 C-163 C-163oS C-164 C-l64oS C·I65 C-165oS C-303 C.J04 C-304·S c-305 c-305oS C-307oS C-414 c-414.s .c-415 c-41S.s c-417.s C-757oS C-R424 C-R425 C-48S C-487 C-967 C-1449 C-14411 C-19211 C-19213 C-3II013 C-40017 C-48S C-487 C-967 C-969 C-1449 C-14411 C-19211 C-1921J

Refrigerant 12 15 PPM 75° F I 125° F

SElECTION RECOMMENDATIONS Nominal Ratings (Tons) REFRIGERATION AIR CONDITIONING Commercial & Reid Replacement O.E.M. Low Temperature or FIeld Built Up Self Ccntalned Equipment Systems 12 I 22 12 I 22 12

I 22

36

31

24

18

15 15 21 21 21 33 33 33 33 53 53 53 53 67 67 67 115 67 64 128 192 256 294 392 64 128 192 256

79 79 124 124 124 226 226 226 226 434 434 434 434 566 566

69 69 107 107 107 168 168 168 168 375 375 375 375 490

52 52 81 81 81 131 131 131 131 281 281 281 281 367

40 40 62 62 62 116 116 116 116 216 216 216 216 282

1.7 4.0 4.8 1.8 4.4 5.3 8.0 8.3 1.8 4.8 5.8 11.8 14.8 15.9 4.7 11.4 16.3 22.0 10.0

1/2 1

1/2 1

Wz
3/4 2 3 1 3 3 5 3 5 7Yz 71h

1 2 2

Ilh 2 3

4 5 71h

5 7Yz 10

IIh
3 4 5 4 5 7Yz 10 5 71f.z 10 20 5 10 10 15 25 35 40 50 60 75 .100 110 10 15 25 35
40

3 3 5

3 5 7lfz 5

7Yz 10 15 71h

7Yz 15

20

7Yz 10 15 25

71h 10 15 5 7Yz 71h 10 15 25 3D

40

c-m

17.7 10 490 13.5 367 282 7Yz 7lfz 24.2 15 490 18.5 367 282 38.0 15 15 20 883 504 29.0 663 REPLACEABLE CORE TYPES WITH HIGH CAPACITY CORES 11 14 5 5 3 566 490 367 282 71h 10 14 18 5 10 10 15 20 7Yz 680 590 440 340 26 10 15 15 20 45 20 15 25 34 1180 680 1360 880 54 35 30 41 25 40 50 65 40 30 2D4o 1770 1320 1020 50 50 58 76 40 60 72 94 50 60 2720 2360 1760 1360 121 75 80 92 60 75 1110 90 4320 3720 2160 95 125 2820 140 90 110 1110 5760 4960 2880 107 3760 REPLACEABLE CORE TYPES WITH STANDARD RC-4864 CORES 15 20 71h 10 10 530 310 280 250 26 15 20 10 15 45 25 20 34 15 11160 620 500 560 54 35 30 41 25 50 65 40 30 40 1590 930 840 750 50 76 50 58 40 50 60 60 72 94 2120 1240 1120 1Il00 121 75 80 60 92 566 1020

71h 15 15 20 3D 40 50 60 75 100 110 125 15 20 3D 40 50 75 100

6Q

50 60 75 90 7Yz 10 15 25 30 40 50 60

50 60 75

FOil CATCH-AU SUCliON LINE FLOW CAPACITYilATINGS SEE PAGE 23. @ Based an 86·F. liquid Temperature and a Refrigerant Flaw af •. 0 pounds per minuto per tan for Refrigerant 12 and 2.9 paunds per minute per tan far Refrigerant 22. Aill Standard 710-6-'. @ 20 drops = 1 gram = 1 ee, @ Tho filtratian area is equal ta tho coro surface aroa plus the large Internal surface availablo for depth filtration. NOTE: The variation in flaw ratings of Catch·AIII having the lame size core and shell • caused by the dlfterence In connection siz.s us.d.

REPRODUCED BY PERMISSION

OF SPORLAN VALVE COMPANY,

ST. LOUIS,

MO.

Appendix page 3 REFRIGERANT 22 - SATURATION PROPERTIES

VOLUME cu ft/lb LIQUID VAPOR DENSITY Ib/cu ft LIQUID VAPOR ENTHALPY Btu/lb LIQUID ENTROPY Btu /(lbXOR) VAPOR

TEMP.

PRESSURE PSIA 47.464 48.423 49.396 50.384 51.387 52.405 53.438 54.487 55.551 56.631 57.727 58.839 59.967 61.111 62.272 63.450 64.644 65.855 67.083 68.328 69.591 70.871 72.169 73.485 74.818 76.170 77.540 78.929 80.336 81.761 83.206 84.670 86.153 87.655 89.177 90.719 92.280 93.861 95.463 97.085 98.727 100.39 102.07 103.78 105.50 107.25 109.02 110.81 112.62 114.46 116.31 118.19 120.09 122.01 123.96 PSIG 32.768 33.727 34.700 35.688 36.691 37.709 38.742 39.791 40.855 41.935 43.031 44.143 45.271 46.415 47.576 48.754 49.948 5l.l59 52.387 53.632 54.895 56.175 57.473 58.789 60.122 61.474 62.844 64.233 65.640 67.065 68.510 69.974 71.457 72.959 74.481 76.023 77.584 79J65 80.767 82.389 84.031 85.69 87.38 89.08 90.81 92.56 94.32 96.11 97.93 99.76 101.62 103.49 105.39 107.32 109.26

TEMP. of

OF
10 11 12 13 14 15 16

vf

Vg

llvf

llVg

hf •

LATENT

hfg

hg

LIQUID

VAPOR
Sg

sf

0.012088 0.012105 0.012121 0.012138 0.012154 0.012l7l 0.012188 0.012204 0.012221 0.012238 0.012255 0.012273 0.012290 0.012307 0.012325 0.012342 0.012360 0.012378 0.012395 0.012413 0.012431 0.Ql2450 0.012468 0.012486 0.012505 0.012523 0.012542 0.012561 0.012579 0.012598 0.012618 0.012637 0.012656 0.012676 0.012695 0.012715 0.012735 0.012755 0.012775 0.012795 0.012815 0.012836 0.012856 0.012877 0.012898 0.012919 0.012940 0.012961 0.012982 0.013004 0.013025 0.013047 0.013069 0.013091 0.013ll4

1.1290 1.1077 1.0869 1.0665 1.0466 1.0272 1.0082 0.98961 0.97144 0.95368 0.93631 0.91932 0.90270 0.88645 0.87055 0.85500 0.83978 0.82488 0.81031 0.79604 0.78208 0.76842 0.75503 0.74194 0.72911 0.71655 0.70425 0.69221 0.68041 0.66885 0.65753 0.64643 0.63557 0.62492 0.61448 0.60425 0.59422 0.58440 0.57476 0.56532 0.55606 0.54698 0.53808 0.52934 0.52078 0.51238 0.50414 0.49606 0.48813 0.48035 0.47272 0.46523 0.45788 0.45066 0.44358

82.724 82.612 82.501 82.389 82.276 82.164 82.051 81.938 81.825 81.7ll 81.597 81.483 81.368 81.253 81.138 81.023 80.907 80.791 80.675 80.558 80.441 80.324 80.207 80.089 79.971 79.852 79.733 79.614 79.495 79.375 79.255 79.134 79.013 78.892 78.770 78.648 78.526 78.403 78.280 78.157 78.033 77.909 77.784 77.659 77.534 77.408 77.282 77.155 77.028 76.900 76.773 76.644 76.515 76.386 76.257

0.88571 0.90275 0.92005 0.93761 0.95544 0.97352 0.99188 1.0105 1.0294 1.0486 1.0680 1.0878 1.1078 1.1281 1.1487 1.1696 1.1908 1.2123 1.2341 1.2562 1.2786 1.3014 1.3244 1.3478 1.3715 1.3956 1.4199 1.4447 1.4697 1.4951 1.5208 1.5469 1.5734 1.6002 1.6274 1.6549 1.6829

13.104 13.376 13.648 13.920 14.193 14.466 14.739 15.013 15.288 15.562 15.837 16.113 16.389 16.665 16.942 17.219 17.496 17.774 18.052 18.330 18.609 18.889 19.169 19.449 19.729 20.010 20.292 20.574 20.856 2l.l38 21.422 21.705 21.989 22.273 22.558 22.843 23.129 23.415 23.701 23.988 24.275 24.563 24.851 25.139 25.429 25.718 26.008 26.298 26.589 26.880 27.172 27.464 27.757 28.050 28.344

92.338 92.162 91.986 91.808 91.630 91.451 91.272 91.091 90.910 90.728 90.545 90.362 90.178 89.993 89.807 89.620 89.433 89.244 89.055 88.865 88.674 88.483 88.290 88.097 87.903 87.708 87.512 87.316 87.ll8 86.920 86.720 86.520 86.319 86.117 85.914 85.710 85.506 85.300 85.094 84.886 84.678 84.468 84.258 84.047 83.834 83.621 83.407 83.191 82.975 82.758 82.540 82.320 82.100 81.878 81.656

105.442 105.538 105.633 105.728 105.823 105.917 106.0ll 106.105 106.198 106.290 106.383 106.475 106.566 106.657 106.748 106.839 106.928 107.018 107.107 107.196 107.284 107.372 107.459 107.546 107.632 107.719 107.804 107.889 107.974 108.058 108.142 108.225 108.308 108.390 108.472 108.553 108.634 108.715 108.795 108.874 108.953 109.031 109.109 109.186 109.263 109.339 109.415 109.490 109.564 109.638 109.712 109.785 109.857 109.929 110.000

0.02932 0.02990 0.03047 0.03104 0.03161 0.03218 0.03275 0.03332 0.03389 0.03446 0.03503 0.03560 0.03617 0.03674 0.03730 0.03787 0.03844 0.03900 0.03958 0.04013 0.04070 0.04126 0.04182 0.04239 0.04295 0.04351 0.04407 0.04464 0.04520 0.04576 0.04632 0.04688 0.04744 0.04800 0.04855 0.049ll 0.04967 0.05023 0.05079 0.05134 0.05190 0.05245 0.05301 0.05357 0.05412 0.05468 0.05523 0.05579 0.05634 0.05689 0.05745 0.05800 0.05855 0.05910 0.05966

0.22592 0.22570 0.22548 0.22527 0.22505 0.22484 0.22463 0.22442 0.22421 0.22400 0.22379 0.22358 0.22338 0.22318 0.22297 0.22277 0.22257 0.22237 0.22217 0.22198 0.22178 0.22158 0.22139 0.22119 0.22100 0.22081 0.22062 0.22043 0.22024 0.22005 0.21986 0.21968 0.21949 0.21931 0.21912 0.21894 0.21876 0.21858 0.21839 0.21821 0.21803 0.21785 0.21768 0.21750 0.21732 0.21714 0.21697 0.21679 0.21662 0.21644 0.21627 0.21610 0.21592 0.21575 0.21558

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64

17
18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56

1.7112
1.7398 1.7689 1.7984 1.8282 1.8585 1.8891 1.9202 1.9517 1.9836 2.0159 2.0486 2.0818 2.1154 2.1495 2.1840 2.2190 2.2544

57
58 59 60 61 62 63 64

Appendix page 4 REFRIGERANT 22 - SATURATION PROPERTIES (CONT.)

VOLUME cu ft/lb LIQUID DENSITY Ib/cu ft LIQUID ENTHALPY Btu/lb LIQUID LATENT ENTROPY Btu /(lbXOR) VAPOR

TEMP.

PRESSURE PSIA 125.93 127.92 129.94 131.97 134.04 136.12 138.23 140.37 142.52 144.71 146.91 149.15 151.40 153.69 155.99 158.33 160.68 163.07 165.48 167.92 170.38 172.87 175.38 177.93 180.50 183.09 185.72 188.37 191.05 193.76 196.50 199.26 202.05 204.87 207.72 210.60 213.51 216.45 219.42 222.42 225.45 228.50 231.59 234.71 237.86 241.04 244.25 247.50 250.77 254.08 257.42 260.79 264.20 267.63 271.10 PSIG 111.23 113.22 115.24 117.28 119.34 121.43 123.54 125.67 127.83 130.01 132.22 134.45 136.71 138.99 141.30 143.63 145.99 148.37 150.78 153.22 155.68 158.17 160.69 163.23 165.80 168.40 171.02 173.67 176.35 179.06 181.80 184.56 187.36 190.18 193.03 195.91 198.82 201.76 204.72 207.72 210.75 213.81 216.90 220.02 223.17 226.35 229.56 232.80 236.08 239.38 242.72 246.10 249.50 252.94 256.41

TEMP. of

OF
65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 1I0 III 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119

vf
0.013136 0.013159 0.013181 0.013204 0.013227 0.013251 0.013274 0.013297 0.013321 0.013345 0.013369 0.013393 0.013418 0.013442 0.013467 0.013492 0.013518 0.013543 0.013569 0.013594 0.013620 0.013647 0.013673 0.013700 0.013727 0.013754 0.013781 0.013809 0.013836 0.013864 0.013893 0.013921 0.013950 0.013979 0.014008 0.014038 0.014068 0.014098 0.014128 0.014159 0.Dl4lS0 0.014221 0.014253 0.014285 0.014317 0.014350 0.014382 0.014416 0.014449 0.014483 0.014517 0.014552 0.014587 0.014622 0.014658

VAPOR

Vg

Ifvl

VAPOR

l/vg

Iff
28.638 28.932 29.228 29.523 29.819 30.116 30.413 30.710 31.008 31.307 31.606 31.906 32.206 32.506 32.808 33.109 33.412 33.714 34.018 34.322 34.626 34.931 35.237 35.543 35.850 36.158 36.466 36.774 37.084 37.394 37.704 38.016 38.328 38.640 38.953 39.267 39.582 39.897 40.213 40.530 40.847 41.166 41.485 41.804 42.125 42.446 42.768 43.091 43.415 43.739 44.065 44.391 44.718 45.046 45.375

hfg

hg

LIQUID

VAPOR

sf
0.06021 0.06076 0.06131 0.06186 0.06241 0.06296 0.06351 0.06406 0.06461 0.06516 0.06571 0.06626 0.06681 0.06736 0.06791 0.06846 0.06901 0.06956 0.07011 0.07065 0.07120 0.07175 0.07230 0.07285 0.07339 0.07394 0.07449 0.07504 0.07559 0.07613 0.07668 0.07723 0.07778 0.07832 0.07887 0.07942 0.07997 0.08052 0.08107 0.08161 0.08216 0.08271 0.08326 0.08381 0.08436 0.08491 0.08546 0.08601 0.08656 0.08711 0.08766 0.08821 0.08876 0.08932 0.08987

Sg

0.43663 0.42981 0.4231i 0.41653 0.41007 0.40373 0.39751 0.39139 0.38539 0.37949 0.37369 0.36800 0.36241 0.35691 0.35151 0.34621 0.34099 0.33587 0.33083 0.32588 0.32101 0.31623 0.31153 0.30690 0.30236 0.29789 0.29349 0.28917 0.28491 0.28073 0.27662 0.27257 0.26859 0.26467 0.26081 0.25702 0.25329 0.24962 0.24600 0.24244 0.23894 0.23549 0.23209 0.22875 0.22546 0.22222 0.21903 0.21589 0.21279 0.20974 0.20674 0.20378 0.20087 0.19800 0.19517

76.126 75.996 75.865 75.733 75.601 75.469 75.336 75.202 75.068 74.934 74.799 74.664 74.528 74.391 74.254 74.116 73.978 73.839 73.700 73.560 73.420 73.278 73.137 72.994 72.851 72.708 72.564 72.419 72.273 72.127 71.980 71.833 71.685 71.536 71.386 71.236 71.084 70.933 70.780 70.626 70.472 70.317 70.161 70.005 69.847 69.689 69.529 69.369 69.208 69.046 68.883 68.719 68.554 68.388 68.221

2.2903 2.3266 2.3635 2.4008 2.4386 2.4769 2.5157 2.5550 2.5948 2.6351 2.6760 2.7174 2.7593 2.8018 2.8449 2.8885 2.9326 2.9774 3.0227 3.0686 3.1151 3.1622 3.2100 3.2583 3.3073 3.3570 3.4073 3.4582 3.5098 3.5621 3.6151 3.6688 3.7232 3.7783 3.8341 3.8907 3.9481 4.0062 4.0651 4.1247 4.1852 4.2465 4.3086 4.3715 4.4354 4.5000 4.5656 4.6321 4.6994 4.7677 4.8370 4.9072 4.9784 5.0506 5.1238

81.432 81.208 80.982 80.755 80.527 80.298 80.068 79.836 79.604 79.370 79.135 78.899 78.662 78.423 78.184 77.943 77.701 77.457 77.212 76.966 76.719 76.470 76.220 75.968 75.716 75.461 75.206 74.949 74.690 74.430 74.168 73.905 73.641 73.375 73.107 72.838 72.567 72.294 72.020 71.744 71.467 71.187 70.906 70.623 70.338 70.052 69.763 69.473 69.180 68.886 68.590 68.291 67.991 67.688 67.384

110.070 110.140 110.209 110.278 110.346 110.414 110,480 110.547 110.612 110.677 110.741 110.805 110.868 110.930 110.991 111.052 111.112 111.171 111.230 111.288 111.345 111.401 111.457 111.512 111.566 1ll.619 111.671 111.723 1ll.774 1ll.824 111.873 111.921 111.968 112.015 112.060 112.105 112.149 112.192 112.233 112.274 112.314 112.353 112.391 112.427 112.463 112.498 112.531 112.564 112.595 112.626 112.655 112.682 112.709 112.735 112.759

0.21541 0.21524 0.21507 0.21490 0.21473 0.21456 0.21439 0.21422 0.21405 0.21388 0.21372 0.21355 0.21338 0.21321 0.21305 0.21288 0.21271 0.21255 0.21238 0.21222 0.21205 0.21188 0.21172 0.21155 0.21139 0.21122 0.21106 0.21089 0.21072 0.21056 0.21039 0.21023 0.21006 0.20989 0.20973 0.20956 0.20939 0.20923 0.20906 0.20889 0.20872 0.20855 0.20838 0.20821 0.20804 0.20787 0.20170 0.20753 0.20736 0.20718 0.20701 0.20684 0.20666 0.20649 0.20631

65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 U8 119

<\.

r:

Appendix paqe 5

REFRIGERANT 22 - SATURATION PROPERTIES (CONT.)

VOLUME cu ft/lb LIQUID vJ 0.014694 0.014731 0.014768 0.014805 0.014843 0.014882 0.014920 0.014960 0.014999 0.015039 0.015080 0.015121 0.015163 0.015206 0.015248 0.015292 0.015336 0.015381 0.015426 0.015472 0.015518 0.015566 0.015613 0.015662 0.015712 0.015762 0.015813 0.015865 0.015917 0.015971 0.016025 0.016080 0.016137 0.016194 0.016252 0.016312 0.016372 0.016434 0.016497 0.016561 0.016627 0.016693 0.016762 0.016831 0.016902 0.016975 0.017050 0.017126 0.017204 0.017285 0.017367 0.017451 0.017538 0.017627 0.017719 VAPOR Vg 0.19238 0.18963 0.18692 0.18426 0.18163 0.17903 0.17648 0.17396 0.17147 0.16902 0.16661 0.16422 0.16187 0.15956 0.15727 0.15501 0.15279 0.15059 0.14843 0.14629 0.14418 0.14209 0.14004 0.13801 0.13600 0.13402 0.13207 0.13014 0.12823 0.12635 0.12448 0.12265 0.12083 0.11903 0.11726 0.11550 0.11376 0.11205 0.11035 0.10867 0.10701 0.10537 0.10374 0.10213 0.10054 0.098956 0.097393 0.095844 0.094309 0.092787 0.091279 0.089783 0.088299 0.086827 0.085365 DENSITY Ib/cu ft LIQUID J IVJ 68.054 67.885 67.714 67.543 67.371 67.197 67.023 66.847 66.670 66.492 66.312 66.131 65.949 65.766 65.581 65.394 65.207 65.017 64.826 64.634 64.440 64.244 64.047 63.848 63.647 63.445 63.240 63.034 62.825 62.615 62.402 62.187 61.970 61.751 61.529 61.305 61.079 60.849 60.617 60.383 60.145 59.904 59.660 59.413 59.163 58.909 58.651 58.390 58.125 57.855 57.581 57.303 57.019 56.731 56.438 VAPOR J IVg 5.1981 5.2734 5.3498 5.4272 5.5058 5.5856 5.6665 5.7486 5.8319 5.9164 6.0022 6.0893 6.1777 6.2674 6.3585 6.4510 6.5450 6.6405 6.7374 6.8359 6.9360 7.0377 7.1410 7.2461 7.3529 7.4615 7.5719 7.6842 7.7985 7.9148 8.0331 8.1536 8.2763 8.4011 8.5284 8.6580 8.7901 8.9247 9.0620 9.2020 9.3449 9.4907 9.6395 9.7915 9.9467 10.106 10.268 10.434 10.603 10.777 10.955 11.138 11.325 11.517 11.714 LIQUID hJ 45.705 46.036 46.368 46.701 47.034 47.369 47.705 48.042 48.380 48.719 49.059 49.400 49.743 50.087 50.432 50.778 51.125 51.474 51.824 52.175 52.528 52.883 53.238 53.596 53.955 54.315 54.677 55.041 55.406 55.774 56.143 56.514 56.887 57.261 57.638 58.017 58.399 58.782 59.168 59.557 59.948 60.341 60.737 61.136 61.538 61.943 62.351 62.763 63.178 63.596 64.019 64.445 64.875 65.310 65.750 ENTHALPY Btu/lb LATENT hfg 67.077 66.767 66.456 66.142 65.826 65.507 65.186 64.863 64.537 64.208 63.877 63.543 63.206 62.866 62.523 62.178 61.829 . 61.477 61.123 60.764 60.403 60.038 59.670 59.298 58.922 58.543 58.159 57.772 57.380 56.985 56.585 56.180 55.771 55.358 54.939 54.515 54.087 53.652 53.213 52.767 52.316 51.858 51.394 50.923 50.446 49.961 49.469 48.969 48.461 47.945 47.419 46.885 46.340 45.786 45.221 VAPOR hg 112.782 112.803 112.824 112.843 112.860 112.877 112.891 112.905 112.917 112.927 112.936 112.943 112.949 112.953 112.955 112.956 112.954 112.951 112.947 112.940 112.931 112.921 112.908 112.893 112.877 112.858 112.836 112.813 112.787 112.758 . 112.728 112.694 112.658 112.619 112.577 112.533 112.485 112.435 112.381 112.324 112.263 112.199 112.131 112.060 111.984 111.904 111.820 111.732 1ll.639 111.541 111.438 111.330 111.216 111.096 110.970 ENTROPY Btu 1(lbXOR) LIQUID SJ 0.09042 0.09098 0.09153 0.09208 0.09264 0.09320 0.09375 0.09431 0.09487 0.09543 0.09598 0.09654 0.09711 0.09767 0.09823 0.09879 0.09936 0.09992 0.10049 0.10106 0.10163 0.10220 0.10277 0.10334 0.10391 0.10449 0.10507 0.10564 0.10622 0.10681 0.10739 0.10797 0.10856 0.10915 0.10974 0.11034 0.11093 0.11153 0.11213 0.11273 0.11334 0.11395 0.11456 0.11518 0.11580 0.11642 0.11705 0.11768 0.11831 0.11895 0.11959 0.12024 0.12089 0.12155 0.12222 VAPOR Sg 0.20613 0.20595 0.20578 0.20560 0.20542 0.20523 0.20505 0.20487 0.20468 0.20449 0.20431 0.20412 0.20393 0.20374 0.20354 0.20335 0.20315 0.20295 0.20275 0.20255 0.20235 0.20214 0.20194 0.20173 0.20152 0.20130 0.20109 0.20087 0.20065 0.20042 0.20020 0.19997 0.19974 0.19950 0.19926 0.19902 0.19878 0.19853 0.19828 0.19802 0.19776 0.19750 0.19723 0.19696 0.19668 0.19640 0.19611 0.19581 0.19552 0.19521 0.19490 0.19458 0.19425 0.19392 0.19358

TEMP. of

PRESSURE PSIA 274.60 278.14 281.71 285.31 288.95 292.62 296.33 300.07 303.84 307.65 311.50 315.38 319.29 323.25 327.23 331.26 335.32 339.42 343.56 347.73 351.94 356.19 36Q.48 364.81 369.17 373.58 378.02 382.50 387.03 391.59 396.19 400.84 405.52 410.25 415.02 419.83 424.68 429.58 434.52 439.50 444.53 449.59 454.71 459.87 465.07 470.32 475.61 480.95 486.34 491.78 497.26 502.79 508.37 513.99 519.67 PSIG 259.91 263.44 267.01 270.62 274.25 277.92 281.63 285.37 289.14 292.95 296.80 300.68 304.60 308.55 312.54 316.56 320.63 324.73 328.86 333.04 337.25 341.50 345.79 350.11 354.48 358.88 363.32 367.81 372.33 376.89 381.50 386.14 390.83 395.56 400.32 405.13 409.99 414.88 419.82 424.80 429.83 434.90 440.01 445.17 450.37 455.62 460.92 466.26 471.65 477.08 482.56 488.09 493.67 499.30 504.97

TEMP. of

120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174

120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174

"

Appendix page 6
REFRIGERANT 502 - SATURATION PROPERTIES

TEMP. of

PRESSURE PSIA PSIG

VOLUME co fI/lb LIQUID

DENSITY Ib/cu n LIQUID

ENTHALPY Blu/lb LIQUID

ENTROPY Btu/(lb)(O R) VAPOR

TEMP. of

vr

VAPOR

v,

1 lv/

VAPOR

I VB

hI

LATENT

hI'

h,

LIQUID

SI

VAPOR

S,

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11

43.26 44.14 45.03 45.94 46.86 47.79 48.74 49.71 50.68 51.68 52.68 53.70 54.74 55.79 56.86 57.94 59.03 60.14 61.27 62.41 63.57 64.75 65.94 67.14 68.37 69.61 70.86 72.13 73.42 74.73 76.06 77.40 78.76 80.13 81.53 82.94 84.37 85.82 87.28 88.77 90.27 91.80 93.34 94.90 96.48 98.08 99.70 101.3

28.56 29.44 30.33 31.24 32.16 33.10 34.05 35.01 35.99 36.98 37.99 39.01 40.04 41.09 42.16 43.24 44.34 45.45 46.57 47.72 48.88 50.05 51.24 52.45 53.67 54.91 56.17 57.44 58.73 60.04 61.36 62.70 64.06 65.44 66.83 68.24 69.67 71.12 72.59 74.07 75.58 77.10 78.64 80.20 81.78 83.38 85.00 86.64

0.01134 0.01135 0.01137 0.01138 0.01140 0.01142 0.01143 0.01145

0.9597 0.9414 0.9236 0.9061 0.8891 0.8724 0.8561 0.8402

88.20 88.08 87.96 87.84 87.72 87.60 87.48 87.36 87.24 87.12 87.00 86.88 86.76 86.63 86.51 86.39 86.26 86.14 86.02 85.89 85.77 85.64 85.52 85.39 85.26 85.14 85.01 84.88 84.76 84.63 84.50 84.37 84.24 84.11 83.98 83.85 83.72 83.59 83.46 83.33 83.20 83.07 82.93 82.80 82.67 82.53 82.40 82.26

1.0420 1.0622 1.0828 1.1036 1.1248 1.1463 1.1681 1.1902 1.2126 1.2354 1.2585 1.2820 1.3058 1.3300 1.3545 1.3793 1.4045 1.4301 1.4561 1.4824 1.5091 1.5362 1.5637 1.5915 1.6198 1.6485 1.6775 1.7070 1.7369 1.7672 1.7980 1.8292 1.8608 1.8928 1.9253 1.9583 1.9917 2.0256 2.0600 2.0948 2.1301 2.1659 2.2022 2.2390 2.2763 2.3142 2.3525 2.3914

9.74 10.00 10.27 10.54 10.81 11.08 11.35 11.62 11;89 12.16 12.43 12.70 12.98 13.25 13.52 13.80 14.06 14.34 14.62 14.89 15.16 15.44 15.71 15.99 16.26 16.54 16.81 17.10 17.37 17.65 17.93 18.21 18.48 18.76 19.04 19.32 19.60 19.88 20.17 20.44 20.73 21.01 21.29 21.57 21.86 22.14 22.42 22.71

70.05 69.91 69.76 69.61 69.46 69.31 69.16 69.01 68.86 68.70 68.55 68.40 68.24 68.08 67.93 67.77 67.62 67.46 67.30 67.14 66.98 66.82 66.66 66.50 66.34 66.17 66.01 65.84 65.68 65.51 65.34 65.17 65.01 64.84 64.67 64.49 64.32 64.15 63.97 63.80 63.62 63.44 63.27 63.09 62.91 62.73 62.55 62.36

79.79 79.91 80.03 80.15 80.27 80.39 80.51 80.63 80.75 80.86 80.98 81.10 81.22 81.33 81.45 81.57 81.68 81.80 81.92 82.03 82.14 82.26 82.37 82.49 82.60 82.71 82.82 82.94 83.05 83.16 83.27 83.38 83.49 83.60 83.71 83.81 83.92 84.03 84.14 84.24 84.35 84.45 84.56 84.66 84.77 84.87 84.97 85.07

0.0221 0.0227 0.0233 0.0239 0.0244 0.0250 0.0256 0.0262 0.0268 0.0273 0.0279 0.0285 0.0291 0.0296 0.0302 0.0308 0.0314 0.0319 0.0325 0.0331 0.0336 0.0342 0.0348 0.0354 0.0359 0.0365 0.0371 0.0376 0.0382 0.0388 0.0393 0.0399 0.0405 0.0410 0.0416 0.0422 0.0427 0.0433 0.0438 0.0444 0.0450 0.0455 0.0461 0.0466 0.0472 0.0478 0.0483 0.0489

0.1755 0.1754 0.1753 0.1753 0.1752 0.1751 0.1751 0.1750 0.1749 0.1749 0.1748 0.1747 0.1747 0.1746 0.1745 0.1745 0.1744 0.1743 0.1743 0.1742 0.1742 0.1741 0.1740 0.1740 0.1739 0.1739 0.1738 0.1738 0.1737 0.1736 0.1736 0.1735 0.1735 0.1734 0.1734 0.1733 0.1733 0.1732 0.1732 0.1731 0.1730 0.1730 0.1729 0.1729 0.1728 0.1728 0.1727 0.1727

3 2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44

0.01146 0.8247 0.01148 0.8094 0.01149 0.7946 0.01151 0.7800 0.01153 0.7658 0.01154 0.7519 0.01156 0.7383 0.01158 0.7250 0.01159 0.7120 0.01161 0.6992 0.01163 0.01164 0.01166 0.01168 0.01169 0.01171 0.01173 0.01175 0.01176 0.01178 0.01180 0.01182 0.01183 0.01185 0.01187 0.01189 0.01191 0.01193 0.01194 0.01196 0.01198 0.01200 0.01202 0.01204 0.01206 0.6868 0.6746 0.6626 0.6510 0.6395 0.6283 0.6174 0.6066 0.5961 0.5858 0.5757 0~5659 0.5562 0.5467 0.5374 0.5283 0.5194 0.5106 0.5021 0.4937 0.4854 0.4774 0.4695 0.4617 0.4541

12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44

0.01208 0.4466 0.01210 0.4393 0.01212 0.4321 0.01214 0.4251 0.01216 0.4182

Appendix page 7 REFRIGERANT 502 - SATURATION PROPERTIES (CONT.)

TEMP.

PRESSURE PSIA PSIG

VOLUME

DENSITY

ENTHALPY

cult/lb
LIQUID

Ib/cu II
VAPOR
Vg

Btu/lb
UQUIb LATENT VAPOR
/Vg

ENTROPY Btu/(lb)(O R)

TEMP.

of

vr

LIQUID

VAPOR

J /1'1

hi

hlg

hg

LIQUID
SI

VAPOR
Sg

of

45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93

103.0 104.7 106.4 108.1 109.8 111.6 113.4 115.2 117.0 118.8 120.7 122.6 124.5 126.4 128.4 130.3 132.3 134.3 136.4 138.4 140.5 142.6 144.8 146.9 149.1 151.3 153.5 155.8 158.0 160.3 162.7 165.0 167.4 169.8 172.2 174.6 177.1 179.6 182.1 184.7 187.2 189.8 192.5 195.1 197.8 200.5 ·203.2 206.0 208.8

88.30 89.97 91.67 93.39 95.13 96.89 98.66 100.5 102.3 104.1 106.0 107.9 109.8 111.7 113.7 115.6 117.6 119.6 121.7 123.7 125.8 127.9 130.1 132.2 134.4 136.6 138.8 141.1 143.3 145.6 148.0 150.3 152.7 155.1 157.5 159.9 162.4 164.9 167.4 170.0 172.5 175.1 177.8 180J 183.1 185.8 188.5 191.3 194.1

0.01218 0.01220 0.01222 0.01224 0.01226 0.01228 0.01230 0.01232 0.01234 0.01236

0.4114 0.4047 0.3982 0.3918 0.3855 0.3793 0.3733 0.3673 0.3615 0.3557

82.13 81.99 81.86 81.72 81.58 81.44 81.31 81.17 81.03 80.89 80.75 80.61 80.47 80.33 80.18 80.04 79.90 79.76 79.61 79.47 79.32 79.18 79.03 78.88 78.74 78.59 78.44 78.29 78.14 77.99 77.84 77.68 77.53 77.38 77.22 77.07 76.91 76.76 76.60 76.44 76.29 76.13 75.97 75.80 75.64 75.48 75.32 75.15 74.99

2.4308 2.4708 2.5113 2.5524 2.5940 2.6362 2.6790 2.7224 2.7664 2.8110 2.8562 2.9020 2.9485 2.9956 3.0434 3.0918 3.1409 3.1907 3.2411 3.2923 3.3442 3.3968 3.4502 3.5043 3.5591 3.6147 3.6712 3.7284 3.7864 3.8452 3.9049 3.9654 4.0268 4.0890 4.1522 4.2162 4.2812 4.3471 4.4140 4.4819 4.5507 4.6206 4.6915 4.7634 4.8364 4.9105 4.9856 5.0619 5.1394

22.99 23.28 23.57 23.85 24.14 24.42 24.71 25.00 25.29 25.58 25.87 26.16 26.44 26.73 27.02 27.32 27.61 27.91 28.19 28.48 28.78 29.08 29.37 29.67 29.96 30.25 30.55 30.85 31.15 31.45 31.74 32.04 32.34 32.64 32.94 33.24 33.54 33.84 34.14 34.45 34.75 35.06 35.36 35.67 35.97 36.28 36.59 36.89 37.20

62.18 61.99 61.81 61.62 61.43 61.25 61.06 60.87 60.67 60.48 60.28 60.09 59.90 59.70 59.50 59.30 59.10 58.89 58.69 58.49 58.28 58.07 57.86 57.65 57.44 57.23 57.01 56.80 56.58 56.36

85.17 85.27 85.38 85.47 85.57 85.67 85.77 85.87 85.96 86.06 86.15 86.25 86.34 86.43 86.52 86.62 86.71 86.80 86.88 86.97 87.06 87.15 87.23 87.32 87.40 87.48 87.56 87.65 87.73 87.81

0.0494 0.0500 0.0505 0.0511 0.0517 0.0522 0.0528 0.0533 0.0539 0.0544 0.0550 0.0555 0.0561 0.0566 0.0572 0.0578 0.0583 0.0589 0.0594 0.0600 0.0605 0.0611 0.0616 0.0622 0.0627 0.0633 0.0638 0.0644 0.0649 0.0655 0.0660 0.0665 0.0671 0.0676 0.0682 0.0687 0.0693 0.0698 0.0704 0.0709 0.0715 0.0720 0.0726 0.0731 0.0737 0.0742 0.0747 0.0753 0.0758

0.1726 0.1726 0.1725 0.1725 0.1724 0.1724 0.1723 0.1723 0.1722 0.1722 0.1721 0.1721 0.1720 0.1720 0.1719 0.1719 0.1718 0.1717 0.1717 0.1716 0.1716 0.1715 0.1715 0.1714 0.1714 0.1713 0.1712 0.1712 0.1711 0.1711 0.1710 0.1709 0.1709 0.1708 0.1707 0.1707 0.1706 0.1706 0.1705 0.1704 0.1703 0.1703 0.1702 0.1701 0.1701 0.1700 0.1699 0.1698 0.1697

45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
72

0.01238 0.3501 0.01241 0.3446 0.01243 0.3392 0.01245 0.3338 0.01247 0.3286 0.01249 0.01252 0.01254 0.01256 0.01258 0.3234 0.3184 0.3134 0.3085 0.3037

0.01261 0.2990 0.01263 0.2944 0.01265 0.2898 0.01268 0.2854 0.01270 0.2810 0.01272 0.2766 0.01275 0.2724 0.01277 0.2682 0.01280 0.2641 0.01282 0.2601 0.01285 0.2561 0.01287 0.2522 0.01290 0.2483 0.01292 0.2446 0.01295 0.2408 0.01298 0.2372 0.01300 0.2336 0.01303 0.2300 0.01305 0.2266 0.01308 0.2231 0.01311 0.2197 0.01314 0.2164 0.01316 0.2132 0.01319 0.2099 0.01322 0.2068 0.01325 0.01328 0.01331 0.01334 0.2036 0.2006 0.1976 0.1946

73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 . 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93

56.14 ' 87.88 55.92 87.96 55.70 88.04 55.47 88.11 55.25 88.19 55.02 54.79 54.56 54.33 54.09 53.86 53.62 53.38 53.14 52.90 52.65 52.40 52.16 51.91 88.26 88.33 88.40 88.47 88.54 88.61 88.68 88.74 88.81 88.87 88.93 88.99 89.05 89.11

Appendix page 8 REFRIGERANT 502 - SATURATION PROPERTIES (CONT.)

TEMP. of

PRESSURE PSIA PSIG

VOLUME

DENSITY

cu H/lb
LIQUID
VI

Ib/eu II
Vg

ENTHALPY Blu/lb LIQUID

VAPOR

LIQUID J lv,

VAPOR J I v,

hi

LATENT

VAPOR

hI'

h,

LIQUID

s,

ENTROPY Blu/(lb){C R) VAPOR

Sg

TEMP. of

94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141

211.6 214.4 217.3 220.2 223.1 226.1 229.1 232.1 235.1 238.2 241.3 244.4 247.6 250.7 254.0 257.2 260.5 263.8 267.1 270.5 273.9 277.3 280.8 284.3 287.8 291.4 295.0 298.6 302.2 305.9 309.7 313.4 317.2 321.0 324.9 328.8 332.7 336.6 340.6 344.7 348.7 352.8 357.0 361.1 365.3 369.6 373.8 378.2

196.9 199.7 202.6 205.5 208.4 211.4 214.4 217.4 220,4 223.5 226.6 229.7 232.9 236.0 239.3 242.5 245.8 249.1 252.4 255.8 259.2 262.6 266.1 269.6 273.1 276.7 280.3 283.9 287.5 291.2 295.0 298.7 302.5 306.3 310.2 314.1 318.0 321.9 325.9 330.0 334.0 338.1 342.3 346.4 350.6 354.9 359.1 363.5

0.01337 0.01340 0.01343 0.01346 0.01349 0.01352 0.01355 0.01358 0.01361 0.01365 0.01368 0.01371 0.01375 0.01378 0.01382 0.01385 0.01389 0.01392 0.01396 0.01400 0.01403 0.01407 0.01411 0.01415 0.01419 0.01423 0.01427 0.01431 0.01435 0.01439 0.01444 0.01448 0.01453 0.01457 0.01462 0.01467 0.01471 0.01476 0.01481 0.01486 0.01491 0.01497 0.01502 0.01508 0.01513 0.01519 0.01525 0.01531

0.1916 0.1888 0.1859 0.1831 0.1804 0.1776 0.1750 0.1723 0.1697 0.1672 0.1646 0.1621 0.1597 0.1573 0.1549 0.1525 0.1502 0.1480 0.1457 0.1435 0.1413 0.1391 0.1370 0.1349 0.1328 0.1308 0.1288 0.1268 0.1248 0.1229 0.1210 0.1191 0.1173 0.1154 0.1136 0.1118 0.1101 0.1083 0.1066 0.1049 0.1032 0.1016 0.09997 0.09837 0.09679 0.09522 0.09368 0.09216

74.82 74.65 74.48 74.32 74.15 73.97 73.80 73.63 73.45 ' 73.28 73.10 72.92 72.74 72.56 72.38 72.20 72.01 71.83 71.64 71.45 71.26 71.07 70.87 70.68 70.48 70.28 70.08 69.88 69.68 69.47 69.26 69.05 68.84 68.62 68.41 68.19 67.96 67.74 67.51 67.28 67.05 66.81 66.58 66.33 66.09 65.84 65.59 65.33

5.2180 5.2979 5.3789 5.4612 5.5447 5.6296 5.7157 5.8033 5.8921 5.9824 6.0741 6.1673 6.2620 6.3582 6.4560 6.5554 6.6564 6.7590 6.8634 6.9695 7.0775 7.1872 7.2988 7.4124 7.5279 7.6454 7.7649 7.8866 8.0105 8.1365 .8.2648 8.3955 8.5285 8.6639 8.8019 8.9424 9.0855 9.2313 9.3798 9.5312 9.6854 9.8425 10.003 10.166 10.332 10.502 10.674 10.850

37.51 37.82 38.13 38.44 38.75 39.06 39.37 39.68 40.00 40.31 40.62 40.94 41.25 41.57 41.88 42.20 42.52 42.83 43.15 43.47 43.79 44.11 44.43 55.75 45.07 45.39 45.71 46.04 46.36 46.68 47.00 47.33 47.65 47.97 48.29 48.62 48.95 49.27 49.59 49.91 50.24 50.56 50.88 51.21 51.53 51.86 52.17 52.49

51.65 51.40 51.14 50.88 50.62 50.36 50.10 49.83 49.56 49.29 49.02 48.74 48.47 48.18 47.90 47.62 47.33 47.04 46.75 46.45 46.15 45.85 45.55 45.24 44.93 44.62 44.31 43.99 43.67 43.35 43.02 42,69 42.36 42.03 41.69 41.35 41.00 40.65 40.30 39.95 39.59 39.23 38.87 38.50 38.13 37.75 37.38 37.00

89.16 89.22 89.27 89.32 89.37 89.42 89.47 89.51 89.56 89.60 89.64 89.68 89.72 89.75 89.78 89.82 89.85 89.87 89.90 89.92 89.94 89.96 89.98 89.99 90.00 90.01 90.02 90.03 90.03 90.03 90.02 90.02 90.01 90.00 89.98 89.97 89.95 89.92 89.89 89.86 89.83 89.79 89.75 89.71 89.66 89.61 89.55 89.49

0.0764 0.0769 0.0775 0.0780 0.0786 0.0791 0.0796 0.0802 0.0807 0.0813 0.0818 0.0824 0.0829 0.0834 0.0840 0.0845 0.0851 0.0856 0.0862 0.0867 0.0872 0.0878 0.0883 0.0889 0.0894 0.0899 0.0905 0.0910 0.0916 0.0921 0.0926 0.0932 0.0937 0.0942 0.0948 0.0953 0.0958 0.0964 0.0969 0.0974 0.0979 0.0985 0.0990 0.0995 0.1000 0.1006 0.1011 0.1016

0.1697 0.1696 0.1695 0.1694 0.1693 0.1692 0.1692 0.1691 0.1690 0.1689 0.1688 0.1687 0.1686 0.1685 0.1684 0.1683 0.1682 0.1680 0.1679 0.1678 0.1677 0.1676 0.1674 0.1673 0.1672 0.1671 0.1669 0.1668 0.1666 0.1665 0.1663 0.1662 0.1660 0.1659 0.1657 0.1655 0.1654 0.1652 0.1650 0.1648 0.1646 0.1644 0.1642 0.1640 0.1638 0.1636 0.1634 0.1632

94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 118 119

117

117

120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141

WORKSESSION GIVEN:
1.

Piping Layout as shown on the opposite page. Design Load = 16 tons @ 40F sat. suction, 120F sat. condo Minimum Load = 5 tons @ 35F sat. suction, Refrigerant used is R-502. Copper tubing, Type L, long radius wrought copper fittings. llOF sat. condo

2. 3. 4. 5. FIND: 1•

Suction Line a. b. Required Itne size for design load (2F max. loss). Determine if suction riser must be reduced to return oil at minimum load. Size c.
If so, what size is required?

Determine actual loss expressed in degrees F at design load.

2.

Hot Gas Discharge Line a. b. Required size at design load (2F max. loss). Actual friction in degrees F at design load.

3•

Liquid Line a. b. Required size at design load (2F max. loss). Actual drop (degrees F) with selected size.

4•

Liquid Subcooling Assuming the pressure drop through the filter drier and solenoid valve is 6 psi, determine the amount of subcooling required to prevent generation of flash gas due to friction in the liquid line and accessories and the vertical riser.

WORK SESSION

CD~ __

~S~UC~TI~ON~ __
~

_,QD
,

/.

SOLENOID VALVE

t ffi

SUCTION LINE

~ STR PIPE, I TO 0:: COMP.= 36 ft. RISER= 8 ft.

»> I

COMPRESSOR LIQUID LINE STR PIPE INCLUDING RISER = 44 ft. VERTICAL LIFT,ELL 10 10 ELL 12=29 ft..

HOT GAS LINE STR PIPE = 26ft.

NOTE: ALL ELBOWS ARE OF LONG RADIUS TYPE CONDENSER

LIQUID LINE

..