Transmission Tower Foundation Design

1st Subm.
17-Apr-11
Md. Giasuddin
Foundat i on Desi gn Cal cul at i on of Tower Type 2DT6 For
Soi l Cat egor y-2
Submission
Status
Date
AUTHORITY NAME & SIGN DATE Paper Size Language Total Sheets
DESIGNED BY
Md. Giasuddin
17-Apr-11 For approval A4 English 13
CHECKED BY
Md. Giasuddin
For construction Scale : N/A
Revision
1st Sub.
APPROVED BY As Built
SUBMISSION SOUGHT
Document No. :
PGCB/230kV/TL/B-C/Lot-3/Des.Cal/Local/08
Designed By Description Approved By
EMPLOYER :
POWER GRID COMPANY OF
BANGLADESH LTD.
CONTRACTOR :
SANERGY CO.
NAME OF PROJECT :
DESIGN-BUILD AND TRUNKEY CONTRACT FOR CONSTRUCTION OF 230kV BIBYANA -
COMILLA TRANSMISSION LINE (LOT-3)
POWER GRI D COMPANY OF BANGLADESH LI MI TED
Cont ent s Page No.
1. Gener al . 03
1. 1 Foundat ion Loads 03
Foundat i on of Tow er Ty pe 2DT6 f or SC- 2
FOR BI BYANA - COMI LLA 230k V TRANSMI SSI ON LI NE ( LOT- 3)
1.2 Geot echnical I nformat ion 03
1. 3 Foundat ion St rengt h Fact ors 03
1. 4 Fact ored Foundat ion Loads 03
1. 5 Codes & St andards Considered 03
1.6 Mat erial Propert ies 03
1.7 Geomet rical Dat a of t he Tower 2DT6 03
1. 8 Layout Plan Of t he Foundat ion 04
2. Resi dual Shear Cal cul at i on 04
3. Foundat i on Geomet r y 05
4 : Desi gn Cal cul at i on f or Pi l e 05
4. 1 - Pile Design Load Against Compressive Load 05
4.2 - Pile Design Load Against Uplift 05 g oad ga Up 05
4. 3 - Minimum Lengt h of Pile Group Against Uproot ing 05
4. 4 - Check for pile head deflect ion 06
4. 5 - Ult imat e St ress on Pile Sect ion 07
Sect i on- 5 : St r uct ur al Desi gn of Chi mney & Pi l e Cap 07
5.1 - Design of Chimney 07
5 2 D i f Pil C 08 5.2 - Design of Pile Cap 08
5. 2. 1. - Check Punching of cleat s 08
5.2.1.a Check For Compression 08
5.2.1.b Check For Uplift 08
5.2.2 - Check cap t hickness for Flexural Shear 08
5.2.3.- Check for posit ion of Piles 08
5.2.4 - Check for Bending Moment 09
5.2.5 - Reinforcement Calculat ion 09
5.2.5.1 - Bot t om Reinforcement 08
5.2.5.2 - Top Reinforcement 09
5.2.5.3 - Vert ical Reinforcement Around The pile cap 09
5.2.5.4 - Horizont al Reinforcement Around The pile cap 10
6 - St r uct ur al Desi gn of Pi l e 10
6. 1 Design of upper segment of pile 10
6. 1. 1 Design for Compression Plus Bending 10
6. 1. 2 Design for Tension Plus Bending 10
6.2 Calculat ion t o Find Point of Zero Moment in t he Pile 10
Annexure- 1 12
Annexure- 2 13
Giasuddin Dat e : 17 Apr i l ' 11
Foundat i on of Tow er Ty pe 2DT6 f or SC- 2 FOR
1. Gener al .
1. 1 Foundat i on Loads :
Foundat i on of Tow er Ty pe 2DT6 f or SC 2 FOR
BI BYANA - COMI LLA 230k V TRANSMI SSI ON LI NE ( LOT- 3)
The objective of this generic design is to compute loads on individual pile top, length of fixity of pile and is to design pile, pile cap and chimney. If not
mentioned otherwise, values with suffices x, y and z indicate three global directions with outward positive.
F
z
( k N ) F
x
( k N) F
y
( k N)
3154.98 893.33 831.62
2840.17 893.33 831.62
1. 2 Geot echni cal I nf or mat i on:
I t ems
Max Compression Case
Max Uplift Case
Ul t i mat e Loads Al ong Gl obal Di r ect i on ( Pul l and Thr ust Ver t i cal )
Angle of Int. Friction, = 32 Degree
Soil Density = 18 kN/Cum.
Soil Submerged Density = 8 kN/Cum.
Frustum angle = 15 Degree; As per techinical specification
1. 3 Foundat i on St r engt h Fact or s :
2DL 2D1
Appl i ed Loadi ng Case
St r engt h Fact or
2D25 2DT6
1. 4. Fact or ed Foundat i on Loads.
Factored Loads by using Foundation Strength Factor from Appendix (7.A2),Volume 2 of 3
F ( k N ) F ( k N) F ( k N)
2DL, 2D1
1.35 1.23
Fact or ed Ul t i mat e Loads Al ong Gl obal Di r ect i on ( Pul l and Thr ust Ver t i cal )
2D25, 2DT6
For All Load Cases
I t ems F
z
( k N ) F
x
( k N) F
y
( k N)
4259.22 1206.00 1122.69
3834.23 1206.00 1122.69
1.5 Codes & St andar ds Consi der ed :
ACI
BS 8110
Max Long. Case in Uplift
Max Long. Case in Comp.
I t ems
1.6 Mat er i al Pr oper t i es and Cl ear Cover :
28 days cube strength of concrete for Pile; fc' = 30 Mpa.
28 days cube strength of concrete for Pile-Cap; fc' = 25 Mpa.
Corresponding cylinder strength of concrete for Pile-Cap; fc' = 21.25 Mpa.
Yield Strength Reinforcing Steel ;fy = 415 Mpa.
Concrete Clear Cover at top and sides of Cap & Column is = 50 mm.
Concrete Clear Cover for sides of Pile is = 75 mm.
Unit Weight of Concrete = 24 kN/Cum.
1.7 Geomet r i cal Dat a of t he Tow er 2DT6 :
Face Slope = = 13.306 Degree.
Diagonal Slope = = 18.493 Degree.
Md. Giasuddin Page 3 of 13 Dat e : 17 Apr i l ' 11
Foundat i on of Tow er Ty pe 2DT6 f or SC- 2 FOR Foundat i on of Tow er Ty pe 2DT6 f or SC 2 FOR
1. 8 Lay out Pl an Of t he Foundat i on
450 1800 1800 450
4
5
0
450 1800 1800 450
4
5
0
4
5
0
0
900
9
0
0
1
8
0
0
1
8
0
0
4
5
0
0
900
9
0
0
1
8
0
0
1
8
0
0
4500
CP
4
5
0
4500
4
5
0
4500
4
5
0
4500
4
5
0
4
5
0
0
900
9
0
0
1
8
0
0
1
8
0
0
4
5
0
0
900
9
0
0
1
8
0
0
1
8
0
0
Layout Plan of Foundation
450 1800 1800 450
4
5
0
450 1800 1800 450
4
5
0
2. Resi dual Shear Cal cul at i on :
F
x l eg
F
yl eg
F
x Res
= F
x
- F
x l eg
F
yRes
= F
y
- F
yl eg
Max Compression Case 4259.22 1007.31 1007.31 1206.00 1122.69 198.69 115.38
Max Uplift Case 3834.23 906.80 906.80 1206.00 1122.69 299.20 215.89
Ver t i cal Loads
F
z
( k N )
I t ems
Resi dual Shear ( k N )
F
x
( k N) F
y
( k N)
Leg Shear ( k N ) = F
z
* Tano
3. Foundat i on Geomet r y :
Size of the column = 900 mmX900 mm.
Dia of the Pile, Dp = 600 mm.
h'' = 280.5 mm.
h' 400 h' = 400 mm.
f = 300 mm.
Pile Center to center Distance = 1800 mm.
Height of column, h = 700 mm.
Length/Width of the Cap, L/B = 4500 mm.
Cap Thickness, t = 1250 mm.
No. of Pile Per Leg = 8 Nos
Wei ght Cal cul at i on
Weight of Column, Wcol = 13.61 kNs.
Weight of Pad, Wpad = 607.5 kNs.
Weight of Superimposed Soil, Ws =109.35 kNs.
Bouyant Weight of Column, W'col = 7.94 kNs
Bouyant Weight of Pad, W'pad = 354.38 kNs
Bouyant Weight of Superimposed Soil, W's = 48.6 kNs
Loads on Pi l e t op :
Foundation Layout Detail Typical Pile Cap Section
For Max i mum Comp.
Resultant Compressive Load = Rzc =Fz+ 1.35*(Wcol+Wpad+Ws) = 5157.69 kNs.
Moment Mx = Moment for Leg and Residual Shear = Fxleg*0.0 + FxRes*(t+h+h''-0.15) =376.12 kN.m
Moment My = Moment for Leg and Residual Shear = Fyleg*0.0 + FyRes*(t+h+h''-0.15) = 218.41 kN.m
For Max i mum Upl i f t :
Resultant Uplift = Rzt=Fz - W'col - W'pad - W's = 3423.31 kNs
Moment Mx = Moment for Leg and Residual Shear = Fxleg*0.0 + Fxres*(t+h+h''-0.15) = 566.39 kN.m
Moment My = Moment for Leg and Residual Shear = Fyleg*0.0 + Fyres*(t+h+h''-0.15) = 408.68 kN.m
4 : Desi gn Cal cul at i on f or Pi l e :
Reaction of pile with applied vertical loads and biaxial bending moment can be expressed by the following equation:
y
V x
V 2 2
M *d1y
R M *d1x
R =
8 dix diy

Where , d1x and d1y denote the distances from pile center to cap center along X or Y Direction. In this case d1x=d1y= 0.9 m.
6*1.8^2 = 19.44 Sqm.
4. 1 - Pi l e Desi gn Load Agai nst Compr essi v e Load :
Maximum compresive load that a pile will be imposed can be expressed by :
So Rcmax = 699.76 k Ns. ( Pile weight is to be considered during Pile schedule)
4.2 - Pi l e Desi gn Load Agai nst Upl i f t :

= =
2 2
diy dix
y
zc x
Cmax 2 2
M *d1y
R M *d1x
R =
8 dix diy
+ +

g g p
So Rt max = 518.2 k Ns. ( Pile weight is to be considered during Pile schedule)
4. 3 - Mi ni mum Lengt h of Pi l e Gr oup Agai nst Upr oot i ng :
Soi l body t o Resi st Upl i f t
Say minimum length of pile =8 m
Depth of pile, d = 9.625 m. So a = d/2 = 4.813 m.
The base size of the soil frustum at the lowest point b' = 4.2m X4.2 m
The base size of the soil frustum at Mid Height ; b =4.979 m X4.979 m
Average Area = (4.2^2+4.979^2)/2 =21.22 sqm.
y
zt x
Tmax 2 2
M *d1y
R M *d1x
R =
8 dix diy
+ +

So Frustum Volume = 21.22 * 4.8125 =102.12 cum
The upper soil volume = 4.979^2*4.813= 119.32 cum
Total soil Volume = 221.44 Cum
Total weight of soil body = 221.44*8=1771.52 kN
Skin resistance of pile group is Given by :
GL
Q =2*( ) * * L B H f +
Ks =1 ;( soil to soil co-efficient of earth pressure)
P
d
=yd, o = o= 32 Degree
y = Submerged Density of soil = 8 kN/Cum.
Pd =8 *9 625 = 77 kNs
a
su
s
Q =2*( ) * *
Where L and B are the overall length and width of pile group,
H is the depth of soil block and f is the unit skin friction
1
which is given by
2
s
s d
L B H f
fs K p Tano
+
=
Pd 8 9.625 77 kNs.
So fs = 24.06 kN/Sqm.
L= B = b' = 4.2 m and H = d = 9.625 m.
So Qsu = 3890.5 kNs
Allowable capacity (FS=1.5) = 3774.68 kNs
Resultant Uplift = 3423.31 kNs.
Whi ch i s l ess t han 3774.68 k Ns So OK.
Ultimate uplift capacity of pile group = Skin Resistance +
Submerged Weight of soil body = 5662.02kNs.
b
d
L
4.4 - Check f or pi l e head def l ect i on:
For Max Compr essi on:
Fx = Leg Shear = 1007.31 kN
Fy = Leg Shear = 1007.31 kN
Passive resistance by Cap Only ( Same in x and y face)
135 47 kN
a
1
Passive resistance by Pile Cap is k *(1 55+0 30)*1 25*4 5 = = 135.47 kN
3.25
=Submerged density of soil =8 kN/Cum.
Net Fx = Leg Shear = 871.84 kN
Net Fy = Leg Shear = 871.84 kN
Vres=Sqrt.(871.84^2+871.84^2)=1232.97 kN
Lateral Load carried by a single Pile = 154.12 kN
b'
GL
Cap Top
3
0
0
p
1+sin
Where k = Co-efficient of passive earth pressure =
1-Sin
o
o
=
p
Passive resistance by Pile Cap is k *(1.55+0.30)*1.25*4.5 =
2
=
For Max Upl i f t :
Vres=Sqrt.(771.33^2+771.33^2)=1090.83 kN
Desi gn shear car r i ed by a si ngl e Pi l e Qmax = 154.12 k N
Kp h
Cap Bot.
1
2
5
0
Desi gn shear car r i ed by a si ngl e Pi l e Qmax 154.12 k N
For fixed head pile depth of fixity is given by
L
f
/T = 2.15; (Ref. to figure no 2 , appendix C of IS: 2911) For fixed head piles .
K1 = 0.146 For Submer ged Medi um Dense Sand
Where ; 25742.96 Mpa = 257430 kg/sqcm.
636172.5 cm4 EI = 163769889855 kg.sqcm.
So T = 257.03 cm = 2.57 m
So depth of fixity, Lf = 5.53 m
Deflection, Y = Q*(Lf)^3/12EI = 1.326 cm. = 13.26 mm; Which is less than 25mm, So OK.
5
Where, 1 and T EI K =
4700 '
c
E f = =
4
64
d
I
r
= =
Kp h
Passive Pressure on Cap
4. 5 - Ul t i mat e St r ess on Pi l e Sect i on
For Max Compr essi on
For f i x ed head l ong pi l e :
Moment M=m.M
F
= 0.82*Q*Lf/2 =
For Max Compression M = 349.44 kN.m
For Max Uplift M = 309.15 kN.m
For Max Compr essi on.
Q = Hu = 154.12 kN.
So Mu = 349.44 kN.m
For Max Upl i f t
Q = Hu = 136.35 kN.
So Mu = 309.15 kN.m
Ul t i mat e l oads on Si ngl e Pi l e :
Compressive load = Rc = 699.76 kN
Uplift load = Rt = 518.2 kN
For Max Compression ultimate Moment , Mu = 349.44 kN.m
For Max Uplift ultimate Moment , Mu = 309.15 kN.m
Sect i on- 5 : St r uct ur al Desi gn of Chi mney & Pi l e Cap
5.1 - Desi gn of Chi mney :
Ultimate Compression = 4259.22 kN
50% of Ult. Compression = 2129.61 kN
Resi dual shear :
F
xmax
= 299.20 kN
F
ymax
= 215.89 kN
Resultant F
xy
= 368.96 kN
M = Fxy* 0.793 = 292.6 kN.m. 1 of 12 of dia. 20 mm y
P
u
= 2129610.00 N
M
u
= 292582755.1 N.mm
D = 900.00 mm
b = 900 mm
d' = 66 mm
d'/D = 0.073 mm
f
ck
= 25.0 Mpa
f
y
= 415.0 Mpa
P
u
/f
ck
bD =
0.105
M
u
/f
ck
bD
2
=
0.016
For the above values, graph ( see annexure-1 ) shows that no rebar is needed.
As per Code Min Rebar Required = 0.004*900^2 = 3240 mm2
Consider Bar Dia. 20 mm
Pr ovi de 12 nos 20mm di a.
Embedded Lengt h of Rebar .
C i t b i t d b th b i hi F 2129 61 kN
Column Section
Compression to be resisted by the rebars in chimney = Fz = 2129.61 kN
Total Nos. of reinforcement is 12 of dia 20 12mm.
As per BS 8110, Ultimate bond stress in compression bars u
u
is given by : u
u
=0.5fc' Mpa
So Uu = 2.3 Mpa. So Development length ld required = 1228 mm.
Cap thgickness is = 1250 mm and Clear Cover at bottom = 75 mm
Let Chimney rebar rest on the bottom mesh of cap. So Embedded length provided = 1250-75-32 = 1143 mm which is more than requirement, so Ok.
s
d d
u
F
Development length l is given by : l = ;where o is the total perimeter of all rebars, Fs=Fz
u o


5. 2 - Desi gn of Pi l e Cap :
5. 2. 1. - Check Punchi ng of cl eat s:
5.2.1.a Check For Compr essi on:
Compression to be carried by cleats = 50% of Comp.= 2129.61 kN
Consider 4 cleat group with 4 three cleats in each group. The size of cleats is 150X150X20 ; length 160 .
The Capacity P of each cleat is given by :
Where , b = Length of Angle Shear Connector = 160 mm
t = Thickness of Angle Shear Connector = 20 mm
r = Radius of fillet = 40 mm
Load Carried by each Cleat =0.5* Ccomp./16 = 133.1 kN
1/ 2
1.19 ' ( / 2)
.
1 19 '
c
y
P f b t r x
F
x t w r t
f
= + +

= s

w = width of angle shear connector = 150
( Ref. : Art.7.6.2, Design of Latticed Steel Transmission Structures; Published by The American Society of Civil Engineers)
x = 68.19 mm; So P = 537.47 k N > 133.1 k N So OK .
5. 2. 1. b Check For Upl i f t :
Ultimate Uplift = 3834.23 kN
Load carried by each cleat = 239 64 kN
1.19
c
f

Load carried by each cleat = 239.64 kN
x = 68.19 mm; So P = 537.47 k N > 239.64 k N So OK .
1/ 2
1.19 ' ( / 2)
.
1.19 '
c
y
c
P f b t r x
F
x t w r t
f
= + +

= s

5.2.2 - Check cap t hi ck ness f or Fl ex ur al Shear :
Total shear acting at a distance d/2 from the face of the column = 3*Rmax; Where Rmax=Rc or Rt whichever is larger.
Rmax = 699.76 kN
So Total Shear,Vc =2*699.76 =1399.52 kN
Where, b = 4500 mm
Consider clear cover 75 and dia of Bar 16 mm , So d ( Outer Layer) = 1250-75-8 =1167 mm , where d is the effective depth of cap.
d ( I nner Layer ) = 1250- 75- 16 - 8 = 1151 mm
dave = ( 1167+ 1151 ) / 2 = 1159 mm dav e. = ( 1167+ 1151 ) / 2 = 1159 mm
So, Vc = Vc/bd = 0.27 Mpa
5.2.3.- Check f or posi t i on of Pi l es :
Distance from pile edge to pile cap edge, x = 200 mm
Distance from pile center to pile cap edge = 500 mm
Diameter of punching plane, y = 800 mm
AS per ACI Shear Stress applied to concrete should be less than 0.17f'c Mpa. In present case which is coming 0.93 Mpa. This is greater than applied
stress so consideration is quite Ok.
Perimeter of punching plane = PI()*800 =2513 mm
So area of concrete to resist punching of pile = 2513*200 = 502600 Sq.mm
Punching stress developed = Rmax*1000/502600 = 1.39 Mpa
Where Rmax is the Maximum pile reaction = Rcmax = 699.76 kN
AS per ACI Shear Stress applied to concrete should be less than 0.34f'c Mpa. In present case
which is coming 1.52 Mpa. This is greater than applied stress, 1.39 Mpa, so consideration is quite
Ok.
5.2.4 - Check f or Bendi ng Moment :
So M
max
=3*R
max
*x' , Where x' = 1.350 m p
b
= 0.02187
M
max
= 1889.4 kN.m. p
max
= 0.75* p
b
= 0.01640194
Maximum moment acting at the face of the column=2*Maximum pile reaction*distance between pile center to column face.
f p
b
' 600
=0.85*0.85*
600
c
y y
f
f f +
290.70 mm Whi ch i s l ess t han d
pr ovi de
; so OK
5.2.5 - Rei nf or cement Cal cul at i on :
5.2.5.1 - Bot t om Rei nf or cement :
2
1 0.59 ...; 0.9
'
y
u y
c
f
M f bd Where
f
p
op o

= =

(1 0.59 )
'
u
y
y
c
M
d
f
f b
f
p
op
. = =
Consider clear cover 75 and dia of Bar 16 mm , So d (Outer Layer) = 1250-75-8 = 1167 mm; where d is the effective depth of cap.
Compressive pile reactions will produce tension at the bottom of the cap.
Mdes = 1889.352 kN.m
Assuming depth of stress block, a = 22.7 mm
Area of steel, As = M*1000000/(0.9*fy*(d-a/2)) =4439 mm2.
( Ref . - Desi gn of concr et e st r uct ur e, By - Ni l son & Wi nt er ,Page 83 ,10t h Ed.)
d ( Inner Layer) = 1250 -75 -16 - 8 = 1151 mm
dmin = MIN( 1151,1167) = 1151 mm
42 Nos. of Dia. 16 mm along both dic.
Check for a
a = As* f y / ( .85* f c' * b) = 22.7 mm
Consideration is OK, So As = 4439 mm2.
But Min Rebar Required = 0.0015bt = 8437.5 mm2
Consider bar Size = 16 mm
So Nos. of Bars = 42 Nos
5.2.5.2 - Top Rei nf or cement :
Consider clear cover 50 and dia of Bar 16 mm , So d (Outer Layer) = 1250 -50-8 = 1192 mm
Where d is the effective depth of cap from Cap Bottom to Rebar center at Top.
Tensile pile reactions will produce tension at the top of the cap.
So Mu= 2*Rt*x' , Where x' = 1.35 m 42 Nos. of Dia. 16 mm along both dic.
Mdes = 1399.14 kN.m
Assumi ng dept h of st r ess bl ock , a = 16. 4 mm
d = Mi n( 1192,1176) = 1176 mm
d ( I nner Layer ) = 1250 - 50- 16 - 8 = 1176 mm
Cap Reinforcement Plan at Bottom
Area of steel, As = M*1000000/(0.9*fy*(d-a/2)) = 3208 mm2
Consi der at i on i s OK, So As = 3208 mm2
Min Rebar Required = 0.0015bt = 8437.5 mm2
a = As* f y / ( .85* f c' * b) = 16.4 mm
Check for a
5. 2. 5. 3 - Ver t i cal Rei nf or cement Ar ound The pi l e cap :
Total uplift to be resisted by the vertical rebars around the pile cap = Fz = 3834.23 kN
So As = Fz*1000/0.7/Fy = 13198.73 mm2
Total Nos. of top reinforcement is 168 whose total area is 33778 mm2.
So if all top bars are bent downwards this will be good enough for uplift.
As per BS 8110, Ultimate bond stress in tension bars uu is given by : Uu = 0.4fc' = 1.84 Mpa
So Development length ld required = 247 mm
Provide all top bars bent downwards for the hal f dept h of the cap.It will be suffient for development length.
Cap Reinforcement Plan at Top
s
d
u
F
Development length ld is given by : l = ;where o is the total perimeter of all rebars, Fs=Fz
u o


5. 2. 5. 4 - Hor i zont al Rei nf or cement Ar ound The pi l e cap :
Provide 5 nos. of 10mm dia bar around the cap distributed along the whole depth with 300 mm lapping at the joint.
6 - St r uct ur al Desi gn of Pi l e
Ul t i mat e l oads on Si ngl e Pi l e : Ul t i mat e l oads on Si ngl e Pi l e :
Ultimate Moment For Maximum Compression , Mu = 349.44 kN.m
Ultimate Moment For Max Uplift , Mu = 309.15 kN.m
6. 1 Desi gn of upper segment of pi l e
6.1.1 Desi gn f or Compr essi on Pl us Bendi ng g p g
Pile diameter, h = 600 mm
A
c
= r/4h
2
= 282743.3 Sqmm.
v
c
= 1.5
Pile Section at Upper Segment
1.5
1.5
1.5
c
c c
c
c c
tot y c
c c
N
f A
M
f A h
A f
A f
v
v
v
v
u

=

=

=

N = Normal Load = 699760.00 N
f
c
= 30.00 MPa
M = Moment = 349440000.00 N.mm
so v = 0.082
And = 0.069
For above values of v & u = 0.2 ( From chart of Annexure-2 )
So A
tot
= 1.5uA
c
f
c
/v
c
f
y
= 4087.9 Sqmm.
Rebar Dia = 25 mm
Pile Section at Lower Segment
So Nos. of Bar = 9 Nos.
6. 1. 2 Desi gn f or Tensi on Pl us Bendi ng
f
c
= 30.00 MPa
M = Moment = 309150000.00 N.mm
so v = 0.061
And = 0.061
Hu
So A
tot
= 1.5uA
c
f
c
/v
c
f
y
= 5723.0 Sqmm.
Rebar Dia = 25 mm
Provide 13 nos. of dia. 25mm.
Length of fixity is 5.53 meter. ( Ref. to clause4.4 - Check for pile head deflection: )
6. 2 Cal cul at i on t o Fi nd Poi nt of Zer o Moment i n t he Pi l e
For safe dissipation of moment at the point of fixity designed rebar is extended by 1.97 meter
below the point of fixity. Hence length of upper segment of the pile is 7.5 meter.
S
e
g
m
e
n
t

L
e
n
g
t
h

o
f

p
i
l
e
3.25
Hu ( for Uplift ) = 136.35 kN
So Moment =-0.1 at a distance 7.237 m from Pile Top
Since Tension plus Bending combination requires more reinforcement than that of compression
plus bending combination, Uplift case is taken into consideration.
p
1+sin
1-Sin
o
o
=
Kp h
h
=

1
s
t

Passive Pressure on Pile
p
1
Moment at aheight is * k h*h*Pile Dia*h/3 =0.0
2
u
h H h =
h = 7.237 m and Pile Dia = 0.6 m
Upper segment considered = 7.5 meter
Rebar Requi r ement t o Resi st Tensi l e f or ce :
Acting tension at any point = Tension at pile top - Frictional Resistance by Soil
Skin Friction is given by = 0.5*K
s
*P
d
*tand*A
s
(h should be measured from GL but 1st segment of pile is
considered Conservatively)
g y
s d s
Where; K
s
=0.7, d= o = 32 Degree
Submerged Density of soil = 8 KN/Cum
Pd=7.5 *8 = 60 kN/Sqm
As=PI()*0.6*7.5 = 14.14 Sqm
So, Frictional Resistance by soil=0.5*0.7*60*Tan15*14.14 = 185.55 kN
Net Tension at the point = 518.2 - 185.55 = 332.65 kN
Tensile Force to be resisted = 332650 N
Consider no tension to be resisted by concrete that means all tensile forces shall be resisted by rebar only.
Yield Strength of Rebar = 415 Mpa
So Tensile Strength Can be considered as = 0.7*415=290.5 Mpa
So Rebar area required to resist Tensile force = 332650 / 290.5 = 1146 mm2
Minimum Rebar for pile section is = 0.004*X-Sectinal area of pile = 1131 mm2.
6 nos. of dia 16 mm for the lower segment is ok from structural point and minimum requirement as well.
Annex ur e- 1: Rei nf or cement Char t f or Chi mney
Annex ur e- 2: Rei nf or cement Char t f or Pi l e
1st Subm. 17-Apr-11
Md. Giasuddin
Foundat i on Desi gn Cal cul at i on of Tower Type 2DT6 For
Soi l Cat egor y-3
Submission
Status
Date
AUTHORITY NAME & SIGN DATE Paper Size Language Total Sheets
DESIGNED BY
Md. Giasuddin
17-Apr-11 For approval A4 English 13
CHECKED BY
Md. Giasuddin
For construction Scale : N/A
Revision
1st Sub.
APPROVED BY As Built
SUBMISSION SOUGHT
Document No. :
PGCB/230kV/TL/B-C/Lot-3/Des.Cal/Local/09
Designed By Description Approved By
EMPLOYER :
POWER GRID COMPANY OF
BANGLADESH LTD.
CONTRACTOR :
SANERGY CO.
NAME OF PROJECT :
DESIGN-BUILD AND TRUNKEY CONTRACT FOR CONSTRUCTION OF 230kV BIBYANA -
COMILLA TRANSMISSION LINE (LOT-3)
Cont ent s Page No.
1. Gener al . 03
1. 1 Foundat ion Loads 03
Foundat i on of Tow er Ty pe 2DT6 f or SC- 3
FOR BI BYANA - COMI LLA 230k V TRANSMI SSI ON LI NE ( LOT- 3)
1.2 Geot echnical I nformat ion 03
1. 3 Foundat ion St rengt h Fact ors 03
1. 4 Fact ored Foundat ion Loads 03
1. 5 Codes & St andards Considered 03
1.6 Mat erial Propert ies 03
1.7 Geomet rical Dat a of t he Tower 2DT6 03
1. 8 Layout Plan Of t he Foundat ion 04
2. Resi dual Shear Cal cul at i on 04
3. Foundat i on Geomet r y 05
4 : Desi gn Cal cul at i on f or Pi l e 05
4. 1 - Pile Design Load Against Compressive Load 05
4.2 - Pile Design Load Against Uplift 05 g oad ga Up 05
4. 3 - Minimum Lengt h of Pile Group Against Uproot ing 05
4. 4 - Check for pile head deflect ion 06
4. 5 - Ult imat e St ress on Pile Sect ion 07
Sect i on- 5 : St r uct ur al Desi gn of Chi mney & Pi l e Cap 07
5.1 - Design of Chimney 07
5 2 D i f Pil C 08 5.2 - Design of Pile Cap 08
5. 2. 1. - Check Punching of cleat s 08
5.2.1.a Check For Compression 08
5.2.1.b Check For Uplift 08
5.2.2 - Check cap t hickness for Flexural Shear 08
5.2.3.- Check for posit ion of Piles 08
5.2.4 - Check for Bending Moment 09
5.2.5 - Reinforcement Calculat ion 09
5.2.5.1 - Bot t om Reinforcement 08
5.2.5.2 - Top Reinforcement 09
5.2.5.3 - Vert ical Reinforcement Around The pile cap 09
5.2.5.4 - Horizont al Reinforcement Around The pile cap 10
6 - St r uct ur al Desi gn of Pi l e 10
6. 1 Design of upper segment of pile 10
6. 1. 1 Design for Compression Plus Bending 10
6. 1. 2 Design for Tension Plus Bending 10
6.2 Calculat ion t o Find Point of Zero Moment in t he Pile 10
Annexure- 1 12
Annexure- 2 13
Giasuddin Dat e : 17 Apr i l ' 11
Foundat i on of Tow er Ty pe 2DT6 f or SC- 3 FOR
1. Gener al .
1. 1 Foundat i on Loads :
Foundat i on of Tow er Ty pe 2DT6 f or SC 3 FOR
The objective of this generic design is to compute loads on individual pile top, length of fixity of pile and is to design pile, pile cap and chimney. If not
mentioned otherwise, values with suffices x, y and z indicate three global directions with outward positive.
F
z
( k N ) F
x
( k N) F
y
( k N)
3154.98 893.33 831.62
2840.17 893.33 831.62
1. 2 Geot echni cal I nf or mat i on:
I t ems
Max Compression Case
Max Uplift Case
Ul t i mat e Loads Al ong Gl obal Di r ect i on ( Pul l and Thr ust Ver t i cal )
Angle of Int. Friction, = 30 Degree
Soil Density = 17 kN/Cum.
Soil Submerged Density = 7 kN/Cum.
Frustum angle = 15 Degree; As per techinical specification
1. 3 Foundat i on St r engt h Fact or s :
2DL 2D1
Appl i ed Loadi ng Case
St r engt h Fact or
2D25 2DT6
1. 4. Fact or ed Foundat i on Loads.
Factored Loads by using Foundation Strength Factor from Appendix (7.A2),Volume 2 of 3
F ( k N ) F ( k N) F ( k N)
2DL, 2D1
1.35 1.23
Fact or ed Ul t i mat e Loads Al ong Gl obal Di r ect i on ( Pul l and Thr ust Ver t i cal )
2D25, 2DT6
For All Load Cases
I t ems F
z
( k N ) F
x
( k N) F
y
( k N)
4259.22 1206.00 1122.69
3834.23 1206.00 1122.69
1.5 Codes & St andar ds Consi der ed :
ACI
BS 8110
Max Long. Case in Uplift
Max Long. Case in Comp.
I t ems
1.6 Mat er i al Pr oper t i es and Cl ear Cover :
28 days cube strength of concrete for Pile; fc' = 30 Mpa.
28 days cube strength of concrete for Pile-Cap; fc' = 25 Mpa.
Corresponding cylinder strength of concrete for Pile-Cap; fc' = 21.25 Mpa.
Yield Strength Reinforcing Steel ;fy = 415 Mpa.
Concrete Clear Cover at top and sides of Cap & Column is = 50 mm.
Concrete Clear Cover for sides of Pile is = 75 mm.
Unit Weight of Concrete = 24 kN/Cum.
1.7 Geomet r i cal Dat a of t he Tow er 2DT6 :
Face Slope = = 13.306 Degree.
Diagonal Slope = = 18.493 Degree.
1. 8 Lay out Pl an Of t he Foundat i on
450 1800 1800 450
4
5
0
450 1800 1800 450
4
5
0
4
5
0
0
900
9
0
0
1
8
0
0
1
8
0
0
4
5
0
0
900
9
0
0
1
8
0
0
1
8
0
0
4500
CP
4
5
0
4500
4
5
0
4500
4
5
0
4500
4
5
0
4
5
0
0
900
9
0
0
1
8
0
0
1
8
0
0
4
5
0
0
900
9
0
0
1
8
0
0
1
8
0
0
Layout Plan of Foundation
450 1800 1800 450
4
5
0
450 1800 1800 450
4
5
0
2. Resi dual Shear Cal cul at i on :
F
x l eg
F
yl eg
F
x Res
= F
x
- F
x l eg
F
yRes
= F
y
- F
yl eg
Max Compression Case 4259.22 1007.31 1007.31 1206.00 1122.69 198.69 115.38
Max Uplift Case 3834.23 906.80 906.80 1206.00 1122.69 299.20 215.89
Ver t i cal Loads
F
z
( k N )
I t ems
Resi dual Shear ( k N )
F
x
( k N) F
y
( k N)
Leg Shear ( k N ) = F
z
* Tano
3. Foundat i on Geomet r y :
Size of the column = 900 mmX900 mm.
Dia of the Pile, Dp = 600 mm.
h'' = 280.5 mm.
h' 400 h' = 400 mm.
f = 300 mm.
Pile Center to center Distance = 1800 mm.
Height of column, h = 700 mm.
Length/Width of the Cap, L/B = 4500 mm.
Cap Thickness, t = 1250 mm.
No. of Pile Per Leg = 8 Nos
Wei ght Cal cul at i on
Weight of Column, Wcol = 13.61 kNs.
Weight of Pad, Wpad = 607.5 kNs.
Weight of Superimposed Soil, Ws =103.28 kNs.
Bouyant Weight of Column, W'col = 7.94 kNs
Bouyant Weight of Pad, W'pad = 354.38 kNs
Bouyant Weight of Superimposed Soil, W's = 42.53 kNs
Loads on Pi l e t op :
Foundation Layout Detail Typical Pile Cap Section
For Max i mum Comp.
Resultant Compressive Load = Rzc =Fz+ 1.35*(Wcol+Wpad+Ws) = 5150.22 kNs.
Moment Mx = Moment for Leg and Residual Shear = Fxleg*0.0 + FxRes*(t+h+h''-0.15) =376.12 kN.m
Moment My = Moment for Leg and Residual Shear = Fyleg*0.0 + FyRes*(t+h+h''-0.15) = 218.41 kN.m
For Max i mum Upl i f t :
Resultant Uplift = Rzt=Fz - W'col - W'pad - W's = 3429.38 kNs
Moment Mx = Moment for Leg and Residual Shear = Fxleg*0.0 + Fxres*(t+h+h''-0.15) = 566.39 kN.m
Moment My = Moment for Leg and Residual Shear = Fyleg*0.0 + Fyres*(t+h+h''-0.15) = 408.68 kN.m
4 : Desi gn Cal cul at i on f or Pi l e :
Reaction of pile with applied vertical loads and biaxial bending moment can be expressed by the following equation:
y
V x
V 2 2
M *d1y
R M *d1x
R =
8 dix diy

Where , d1x and d1y denote the distances from pile center to cap center along X or Y Direction. In this case d1x=d1y= 0.9 m.
6*1.8^2 = 19.44 Sqm.
4. 1 - Pi l e Desi gn Load Agai nst Compr essi v e Load :
So Rcmax = 698.83 k Ns. ( Pile weight is to be considered during Pile schedule)
4.2 - Pi l e Desi gn Load Agai nst Upl i f t :

= =
2 2
diy dix
y
zc x
Cmax 2 2
M *d1y
R M *d1x
R =
8 dix diy
+ +

g g p
So Rt max = 518.96 k Ns. ( Pile weight is to be considered during Pile schedule)
4. 3 - Mi ni mum Lengt h of Pi l e Gr oup Agai nst Upr oot i ng :
Soi l body t o Resi st Upl i f t
Say minimum length of pile =9 m
Depth of pile, d = 10.625 m. So a = d/2 = 5.313 m.
The base size of the soil frustum at the lowest point b' = 4.2m X4.2 m
The base size of the soil frustum at Mid Height ; b =5.247 m X5.247 m
Average Area = (4.2^2+5.247^2)/2 =22.59 sqm.
y
zt x
Tmax 2 2
M *d1y
R M *d1x
R =
8 dix diy
+ +

So Frustum Volume = 22.59 * 5.3125 =120.01 cum
The upper soil volume = 5.247^2*5.313= 146.27 cum
Total soil Volume = 266.28 Cum
Total weight of soil body = 266.28*7=1863.96 kN
Skin resistance of pile group is Given by :
GL
Q =2*( ) * * L B H f +
Ks =1 ;( soil to soil co-efficient of earth pressure)
P
d
=yd, o = o= 30 Degree
y = Submerged Density of soil = 7 kN/Cum.
Pd =7 *10 625 = 74 375 kNs
a
su
s
Q =2*( ) * *
Where L and B are the overall length and width of pile group,
H is the depth of soil block and f is the unit skin friction
1
which is given by
2
s
s d
L B H f
fs K p Tano
+
=
Pd 7 10.625 74.375 kNs.
So fs = 21.47 kN/Sqm.
L= B = b' = 4.2 m and H = d = 10.625 m.
So Qsu = 3832.4 kNs
Allowable capacity (FS=1.5) = 3797.57 kNs
Resultant Uplift = 3429.38 kNs.
Ultimate uplift capacity of pile group = Skin Resistance +
Submerged Weight of soil body = 5696.36kNs.
b
d
L
4.4 - Check f or pi l e head def l ect i on:
For Max Compr essi on:
Passive resistance by Cap Only ( Same in x and y face)
109 27 kN
a
1
Passive resistance by Pile Cap is k *(1 55+0 30)*1 25*4 5 = = 109.27 kN
3.00
=Submerged density of soil =7 kN/Cum.
Vres=Sqrt.(898.04^2+898.04^2)=1270.02 kN
b'
GL
Cap Top
3
0
0
p
1+sin
1-Sin
o
o
=
p
Passive resistance by Pile Cap is k *(1.55+0.30)*1.25*4.5 =
2
=
For Max Upl i f t :
Vres=Sqrt.(797.53^2+797.53^2)=1127.88 kN
Desi gn shear car r i ed by a si ngl e Pi l e Qmax = 158.75 k N
Kp h
Cap Bot.
1
2
5
0
Desi gn shear car r i ed by a si ngl e Pi l e Qmax 158.75 k N
For fixed head pile depth of fixity is given by
L
f
/T = 2.15; (Ref. to figure no 2 , appendix C of IS: 2911) For fixed head piles .
K1 = 0.146 For Submer ged Loose Sand
Where ; 25742.96 Mpa = 257430 kg/sqcm.
636172.5 cm4 EI = 163769889855 kg.sqcm.
So T = 257.03 cm = 2.57 m
So depth of fixity, Lf = 5.53 m
Deflection, Y = Q*(Lf)^3/12EI = 1.366 cm. = 13.66 mm; Which is less than 25mm, So OK.
5
Where, 1 and T EI K =
4700 '
c
E f = =
4
64
d
I
r
= =
Kp h
Passive Pressure on Cap
4. 5 - Ul t i mat e St r ess on Pi l e Sect i on
For Max Compr essi on
For f i x ed head l ong pi l e :
Moment M=m.M
F
= 0.82*Q*Lf/2 =
For Max Compression M = 359.93 kN.m
For Max Uplift M = 319.67 kN.m
For Max Compr essi on.
Q = Hu = 158.75 kN.
So Mu = 359.93 kN.m
For Max Upl i f t
Q = Hu = 140.99 kN.
So Mu = 319.67 kN.m
Ul t i mat e l oads on Si ngl e Pi l e :
For Max Compression ultimate Moment , Mu = 359.93 kN.m
For Max Uplift ultimate Moment , Mu = 319.67 kN.m
Sect i on- 5 : St r uct ur al Desi gn of Chi mney & Pi l e Cap
5.1 - Desi gn of Chi mney :
50% of Ult. Compression = 2129.61 kN
Resi dual shear :
F
xmax
= 299.20 kN
F
ymax
= 215.89 kN
Resultant F
xy
= 368.96 kN
M = Fxy* 0.793 = 292.6 kN.m. 1 of 12 of dia. 20 mm y
P
u
= 2129610.00 N
M
u
= 292582755.1 N.mm
D = 900.00 mm
b = 900 mm
d' = 66 mm
d'/D = 0.073 mm
f
ck
= 25.0 Mpa
f
y
= 415.0 Mpa
P
u
/f
ck
bD =
0.105
M
u
/f
ck
bD
2
=
0.016
For the above values, graph ( see annexure-1 ) shows that no rebar is needed.
As per Code Min Rebar Required = 0.004*900^2 = 3240 mm2
Consider Bar Dia. 20 mm
Pr ovi de 12 nos 20mm di a.
Embedded Lengt h of Rebar .
C i t b i t d b th b i hi F 2129 61 kN
Column Section
Compression to be resisted by the rebars in chimney = Fz = 2129.61 kN
Total Nos. of reinforcement is 12 of dia 20 12mm.
As per BS 8110, Ultimate bond stress in compression bars u
u
is given by : u
u
=0.5fc' Mpa
So Uu = 2.3 Mpa. So Development length ld required = 1228 mm.
Cap thgickness is = 1250 mm and Clear Cover at bottom = 75 mm
Let Chimney rebar rest on the bottom mesh of cap. So Embedded length provided = 1250-75-32 = 1143 mm which is more than requirement, so Ok.
s
d d
u
F
Development length l is given by : l = ;where o is the total perimeter of all rebars, Fs=Fz
u o


5. 2 - Desi gn of Pi l e Cap :
5. 2. 1. - Check Punchi ng of cl eat s:
5.2.1.a Check For Compr essi on:
Compression to be carried by cleats = 50% of Comp.= 2129.61 kN
Load Carried by each Cleat =0.5* Ccomp./16 = 133.1 kN
1/ 2
1.19 ' ( / 2)
.
1 19 '
c
y
P f b t r x
F
x t w r t
f
= + +

= s

( Ref. : Art.7.6.2, Design of Latticed Steel Transmission Structures; Published by The American Society of Civil Engineers)
x = 68.19 mm; So P = 537.47 k N > 133.1 k N So OK .
5. 2. 1. b Check For Upl i f t :
Ultimate Uplift = 3834.23 kN
Load carried by each cleat = 239 64 kN
1.19
c
f

Load carried by each cleat = 239.64 kN
x = 68.19 mm; So P = 537.47 k N > 239.64 k N So OK .
1/ 2
1.19 ' ( / 2)
.
1.19 '
c
y
c
P f b t r x
F
x t w r t
f
= + +

= s

5.2.2 - Check cap t hi ck ness f or Fl ex ur al Shear :
Total shear acting at a distance d/2 from the face of the column = 3*Rmax; Where Rmax=Rc or Rt whichever is larger.
Rmax = 698.83 kN
So Total Shear,Vc =2*698.83 =1397.66 kN
Where, b = 4500 mm
Consider clear cover 75 and dia of Bar 16 mm , So d ( Outer Layer) = 1250-75-8 =1167 mm , where d is the effective depth of cap.
d ( I nner Layer ) = 1250- 75- 16 - 8 = 1151 mm
dave = ( 1167+ 1151 ) / 2 = 1159 mm dav e. = ( 1167+ 1151 ) / 2 = 1159 mm
So, Vc = Vc/bd = 0.27 Mpa
5.2.3.- Check f or posi t i on of Pi l es :
Distance from pile edge to pile cap edge, x = 200 mm
Distance from pile center to pile cap edge = 500 mm
Diameter of punching plane, y = 800 mm
AS per ACI Shear Stress applied to concrete should be less than 0.17f'c Mpa. In present case which is coming 0.93 Mpa. This is greater than applied
stress so consideration is quite Ok.
Perimeter of punching plane = PI()*800 =2513 mm
So area of concrete to resist punching of pile = 2513*200 = 502600 Sq.mm
Punching stress developed = Rmax*1000/502600 = 1.39 Mpa
Where Rmax is the Maximum pile reaction = Rcmax = 698.83 kN
AS per ACI Shear Stress applied to concrete should be less than 0.34f'c Mpa. In present case
which is coming 1.52 Mpa. This is greater than applied stress, 1.39 Mpa, so consideration is quite
Ok.
5.2.4 - Check f or Bendi ng Moment :
So M
max
=3*R
max
*x' , Where x' = 1.350 m p
b
= 0.02187
M
max
= 1886.8 kN.m. p
max
= 0.75* p
b
= 0.01640194
Maximum moment acting at the face of the column=2*Maximum pile reaction*distance between pile center to column face.
f p
b
' 600
=0.85*0.85*
600
c
y y
f
f f +
290.51 mm Whi ch i s l ess t han d
pr ovi de
; so OK
5.2.5 - Rei nf or cement Cal cul at i on :
5.2.5.1 - Bot t om Rei nf or cement :
2
1 0.59 ...; 0.9
'
y
u y
c
f
M f bd Where
f
p
op o

= =

(1 0.59 )
'
u
y
y
c
M
d
f
f b
f
p
op
. = =
Consider clear cover 75 and dia of Bar 16 mm , So d (Outer Layer) = 1250-75-8 = 1167 mm; where d is the effective depth of cap.
Compressive pile reactions will produce tension at the bottom of the cap.
Mdes = 1886.841 kN.m
Assuming depth of stress block, a = 22.6 mm
Area of steel, As = M*1000000/(0.9*fy*(d-a/2)) =4433 mm2.
d ( Inner Layer) = 1250 -75 -16 - 8 = 1151 mm
dmin = MIN( 1151,1167) = 1151 mm
42 Nos. of Dia. 16 mm along both dic.
Check for a
a = As* f y / ( .85* f c' * b) = 22.6 mm
Consideration is OK, So As = 4433 mm2.
But Min Rebar Required = 0.0015bt = 8437.5 mm2
5.2.5.2 - Top Rei nf or cement :
Consider clear cover 50 and dia of Bar 16 mm , So d (Outer Layer) = 1250 -50-8 = 1192 mm
Where d is the effective depth of cap from Cap Bottom to Rebar center at Top.
Tensile pile reactions will produce tension at the top of the cap.
So Mu= 2*Rt*x' , Where x' = 1.35 m 42 Nos. of Dia. 16 mm along both dic.
Mdes = 1401.19 kN.m
Assumi ng dept h of st r ess bl ock , a = 16. 4 mm
d = Mi n( 1192,1176) = 1176 mm
d ( I nner Layer ) = 1250 - 50- 16 - 8 = 1176 mm
Cap Reinforcement Plan at Bottom
Area of steel, As = M*1000000/(0.9*fy*(d-a/2)) = 3212 mm2
Consi der at i on i s OK, So As = 3212 mm2
Min Rebar Required = 0.0015bt = 8437.5 mm2
a = As* f y / ( .85* f c' * b) = 16.4 mm
Check for a
5. 2. 5. 3 - Ver t i cal Rei nf or cement Ar ound The pi l e cap :
Total uplift to be resisted by the vertical rebars around the pile cap = Fz = 3834.23 kN
So As = Fz*1000/0.7/Fy = 13198.73 mm2
Total Nos. of top reinforcement is 168 whose total area is 33778 mm2.
So if all top bars are bent downwards this will be good enough for uplift.
As per BS 8110, Ultimate bond stress in tension bars uu is given by : Uu = 0.4fc' = 1.84 Mpa
So Development length ld required = 247 mm
Provide all top bars bent downwards for the hal f dept h of the cap.It will be suffient for development length.
Cap Reinforcement Plan at Top
s
d
u
F
Development length ld is given by : l = ;where o is the total perimeter of all rebars, Fs=Fz
u o


5. 2. 5. 4 - Hor i zont al Rei nf or cement Ar ound The pi l e cap :
Provide 5 nos. of 10mm dia bar around the cap distributed along the whole depth with 300 mm lapping at the joint.
6 - St r uct ur al Desi gn of Pi l e
Ul t i mat e l oads on Si ngl e Pi l e : Ul t i mat e l oads on Si ngl e Pi l e :
Ultimate Moment For Maximum Compression , Mu = 359.93 kN.m
Ultimate Moment For Max Uplift , Mu = 319.67 kN.m
6. 1 Desi gn of upper segment of pi l e
6.1.1 Desi gn f or Compr essi on Pl us Bendi ng g p g
Pile diameter, h = 600 mm
A
c
= r/4h
2
= 282743.3 Sqmm.
v
c
= 1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
c
c c
c
c c
tot y c
c c
N
f A
M
f A h
A f
A f
v
v
v
v
u

=

=

=

f
c
= 30.00 MPa
M = Moment = 359930000.00 N.mm
so v = 0.082
And = 0.071
So A
tot
= 1.5uA
c
f
c
/v
c
f
y
= 4087.9 Sqmm.
Rebar Dia = 25 mm
6. 1. 2 Desi gn f or Tensi on Pl us Bendi ng
f
c
= 30.00 MPa
M = Moment = 319670000.00 N.mm
so v = 0.061
And = 0.063
Pile Section at Lower Segment
Hu
So A
tot
= 1.5uA
c
f
c
/v
c
f
y
= 6131.8 Sqmm.
Rebar Dia = 25 mm
Provide 14 nos. of dia. 25mm.
Length of fixity is 5.53 meter. ( Ref. to clause4.4 - Check for pile head deflection: )
6. 2 Cal cul at i on t o Fi nd Poi nt of Zer o Moment i n t he Pi l e
For safe dissipation of moment at the point of fixity designed rebar is extended by 2.97 meter
below the point of fixity. Hence length of upper segment of the pile is 8.5 meter.
S
e
g
m
e
n
t

L
e
n
g
t
h

o
f

p
i
l
e
3.00
Hu ( for Uplift ) = 140.99 kN
So Moment =-0.1 at a distance 8.194 m from Pile Top
Since Tension plus Bending combination requires more reinforcement than that of compression
plus bending combination, Uplift case is taken into consideration.
p
1+sin
1-Sin
o
o
=
Kp h
h
=

1
s
t

Passive Pressure on Pile
p
1
Moment at aheight is * k h*h*Pile Dia*h/3 =0.0
2
u
h H h =
h = 8.194 m and Pile Dia = 0.6 m
Upper segment considered = 8.5 meter
Rebar Requi r ement t o Resi st Tensi l e f or ce :
Acting tension at any point = Tension at pile top - Frictional Resistance by Soil
Skin Friction is given by = 0.5*K
s
*P
d
*tand*A
s
(h should be measured from GL but 1st segment of pile is
considered Conservatively)
g y
s d s
Where; K
s
=0.7, d= o = 30 Degree
Submerged Density of soil = 7 KN/Cum
Pd=8.5 *7 = 59.5 kN/Sqm
As=PI()*0.6*8.5 = 16.02 Sqm
So, Frictional Resistance by soil=0.5*0.7*59.5*Tan15*16.02 = 192.61 kN
Net Tension at the point = 518.96 - 192.61 = 326.35 kN
Tensile Force to be resisted = 326350 N
Consider no tension to be resisted by concrete that means all tensile forces shall be resisted by rebar only.
Yield Strength of Rebar = 415 Mpa
So Tensile Strength Can be considered as = 0.7*415=290.5 Mpa
So Rebar area required to resist Tensile force = 326350 / 290.5 = 1124 mm2
Minimum Rebar for pile section is = 0.004*X-Sectinal area of pile = 1131 mm2.
7 nos. of dia 16 mm for the lower segment is ok from structural point and minimum requirement as well.
Annex ur e- 1: Rei nf or cement Char t f or Chi mney
Annex ur e- 2: Rei nf or cement Char t f or Pi l e

Transmission Tower Foundation Design

Caricato da

Informazioni sul documento

Descrizione originale:

Copyright

Formati disponibili

Condividi questo documento

Condividi o incorpora il documento

Opzioni di condivisione

Hai trovato utile questo documento?

Questo contenuto è inappropriato?

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

Transmission Tower Foundation Design

Caricato da

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

1st Subm.

Md. Giasuddin Page 7 of 13 Dat e : 17 Apr i l ' 11

Md. Giasuddin Page 9 of 13 Dat e : 17 Apr i l ' 11

Md. Giasuddin Page 7 of 13 Dat e : 17 Apr i l ' 11

Md. Giasuddin Page 9 of 13 Dat e : 17 Apr i l ' 11

Potrebbero piacerti anche