Isometric Projections: Hareesha N G Dept of Aeronautical Engg Dayananda Sagar College of Engg Bangalore-78

Isometric Projections
Hareesha N G Dept of Aeronautical Engg Dayananda Sagar College of Engg Bangalore-78
3/26/2012
Hareesha N G, DSCE, Bengaluru
ISOMETRIC DRAWING
IT IS A TYPE OF PICTORIAL PROJECTION IN WHICH ALL THREE DIMENSIONS OF AN OBJECT ARE SHOWN IN ONE VIEW AND IF REQUIRED, THEIR ACTUAL SIZES CAN BE MEASURED DIRECTLY FROM IT.
TYPICAL CONDITION.
IN THIS 3-D DRAWING OF AN OBJECT, ALL THREE DIMENSIONAL AXES ARE MENTAINED AT EQUAL INCLINATIONS WITH EACH OTHER.( 1200)
3-D DRAWINGS CAN BE DRAWN IN NUMEROUS WAYS AS SHOWN BELOW. ALL THESE DRAWINGS MAY BE CALLED 3-DIMENSIONAL DRAWINGS, OR PHOTOGRAPHIC OR PICTORIAL DRAWINGS. HERE NO SPECIFIC RELATION AMONG H, L & D AXES IS MENTAINED.
NOW OBSERVE BELOW GIVEN DRAWINGS. ONE CAN NOTE SPECIFIC INCLINATION AMONG H, L & D AXES. ISO MEANS SAME, SIMILAR OR EQUAL. HERE ONE CAN FIND EDUAL INCLINATION AMONG H, L & D AXES. EACH IS 1200 INCLINED WITH OTHER TWO. HENCE IT IS CALLED ISOMETRIC DRAWING
H
3/26/2012
Hareesha N DRAWING IS TO 2 PURPOSE OF ISOMETRIC G, DSCE, Bengaluru UNDERSTAND OVERALL SHAPE, SIZE & APPEARANCE OF AN OBJECT PRIOR TO ITS PRODUCTION.
SOME IMPORTANT TERMS:

ISOMETRIC AXES, LINES AND PLANES: The three lines AL, AD and AH, meeting at point A and making 1200 angles with each other are termed Isometric Axes.
The lines parallel to these axes are called Isometric Lines.

The planes representing the faces of of the cube as well as other planes parallel to these planes are called Isometric Planes. ISOMETRIC SCALE: When one holds the object in such a way that all three dimensions are visible then in the process all dimensions become proportionally inclined to observers eye sight and hence appear apparent in lengths. This reduction is 0.815 or 9 / 11 ( approx.) It forms a reducing scale which Is used to draw isometric drawings and is called Isometric scale.
In practice, while drawing isometric projection, it is necessary to convert true lengths into isometric lengths for measuring and marking the sizes. This is conveniently done by constructing an isometric scale as described on next page.
3/26/2012 Hareesha N G, DSCE, Bengaluru 3
TYPES OF ISOMETRIC DRAWINGS
ISOMETRIC VIEW
ISOMETRIC PROJECTION
Drawn by using True scale ( True dimensions )
Drawn by using Isometric scale ( Reduced dimensions )
H
1
C 4 3 2
0 0 300
1 450
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Isometric scale [ Line AC ] requiredHareesha N G, Projection for Isometric DSCE, Bengaluru
CONSTRUCTION OF ISOM.SCALE. From point A, with line AB draw 300 and 450 inclined lines AC & AD resp on AD. Mark divisions of true length and from each division-point draw vertical lines upto AC line. The divisions thus obtained on AC 4 give lengths on isometric scale.
ISOMETRIC OF PLANE FIGURES

A
SHAPE
H RECTANGLE D A
Isometric view if the Shape is F.V. or T.V.

D
D C A
AS THESE ALL ARE 2-D FIGURES WE REQUIRE ONLY TWO ISOMETRIC AXES.
B TRIANGLE 1
B B H 3
IF THE FIGURE IS FRONT VIEW, H & L AXES ARE REQUIRED.

IF THE FIGURE IS TOP VIEW, D & L AXES ARE REQUIRED.
B 3 A 1
B 3
1 A
Shapes containing Inclined lines should be enclosed in a rectangle as shown. Then first draw isom. of that rectangle and then inscribe that shape as it is.
3/26/2012
2 PENTAGON 1
A E
2 4 H
E D E A
4
D
4
D
1 3
C A B C
B Hareesha 3 G, DSCE, Bengaluru N C 2
STUDY Z ILLUSTRATIONS
DRAW ISOMETRIC VIEW OF A CIRCLE IF IT IS A TV OR FV.

FIRST ENCLOSE IT IN A SQUARE. ITS ISOMETRIC IS A RHOMBUS WITH D & L AXES FOR TOP VIEW. THEN USE H & L AXES FOR ISOMETRIC WHEN IT IS FRONT VIEW. FOR CONSTRUCTION USE RHOMBUS METHOD SHOWN HERE. STUDY IT.
2 A 4 C B
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25 R
DRAW ISOMETRIC VIEW OF THE FIGURE SHOWN WITH DIMENTIONS (ON RIGHT SIDE) CONSIDERING IT FIRST AS F.V. AND THEN T.V.
50 MM
IF FRONT VIEW
100 MM
IF TOP VIEW
3/26/2012
ISOMETRIC OF PLANE FIGURES
SHAPE
HEXAGON
IF F.V.
IF T.V.
AS THESE ALL ARE 2-D FIGURES WE REQUIRE ONLY TWO ISOMETRIC AXES. IF THE FIGURE IS FRONT VIEW, H & L AXES ARE REQUIRED.
CIRCLE
IF THE FIGURE IS TOP VIEW, D & L For Isometric of Circle/Semicircle use Rhombus method. Construct Rhombus AXES ARE REQUIRED. of sides equal to Diameter of circle always. ( Ref. topic ENGG. CURVES.)
SEMI CIRCLE
For Isometric of Circle/Semicircle use Rhombus method. Construct it of sides equal to diameter of circle always. 3/26/2012 ( Ref. Previous two pages.)
ISOMETRIC VIEW OF PENTAGONAL PYRAMID STANDING ON H.P. (Height is added from center of pentagon)
ISOMETRIC VIEW OF BASE OF PENTAGONAL PYRAMID STANDING ON H.P.
4 4
E D E D
1
A B C
1
A B C
2 2 3/26/2012 Hareesha N G, DSCE, Bengaluru 9
ISOMETRIC VIEW OF
PENTAGONALL PRISM LYING ON H.P.
4 H 1
E D
3
C
ISOMETRIC VIEW OF
HEXAGONAL PRISM STANDING ON H.P. 3/26/2012 Hareesha N G, DSCE, Bengaluru
10
STUDY Z ILLUSTRATIONS CYLINDER STANDING ON H.P.
CYLINDER LYING ON H.P.
3/26/2012
11
HALF CYLINDER STANDING ON H.P.

( ON ITS SEMICIRCULAR BASE)
HALF CYLINDER LYING ON H.P. ( with flat face // to H.P.)

ISOMETRIC VIEW OF A FRUSTOM OF SQUARE PYRAMID STANDING ON H.P. ON ITS LARGER BASE.
60
FV
40
20
TV
3/26/2012
13
STUDY ILLUSTRATION
10
PROJECTIONS OF FRUSTOM OF PENTAGONAL PYRAMID ARE GIVEN. DRAW ITS ISOMETRIC VIEW.
ISOMETRIC VIEW OF FRUSTOM OF PENTAGONAL PYRAMID
FV
60
SOLUTION STEPS: FIRST DRAW ISOMETRIC OF ITS BASE.
x 1
A E
y 4
THEN DRAWSAME SHAPE AS TOP, 60 MM ABOVE THE BASE PENTAGON CENTER. THEN REDUCE THE TOP TO 20 MM SIDES AND JOIN WITH THE PROPER BASE CORNERS.
TV 40 20
B
2
C
3
Hareesha N G, DSCE, Bengaluru 14
3/26/2012
ISOMETRIC VIEW OF 11 A FRUSTOM OF CONE STANDING ON H.P. ON ITS LARGER BASE.
60
FV
40
20
TV
3/26/2012
15
PROBLEM: A SQUARE PYRAMID OF 30 MM BASE SIDES AND 50 MM LONG AXIS, IS CENTRALLY PLACED ON THE TOP OF A CUBE OF 50 MM LONG EDGES.DRAW ISOMETRIC VIEW OF THE PAIR.
12
3/26/2012
16
13
PROBLEM: A TRIANGULAR PYRAMID OF 30 MM BASE SIDES AND 50 MM LONG AXIS, IS CENTRALLY PLACED ON THE TOP OF A CUBE OF 50 MM LONG EDGES. DRAW ISOMETRIC VIEW OF THE PAIR.
c a p o a b p b o c
SOLUTION HINTS. TO DRAW ISOMETRIC OF A CUBE IS SIMPLE. DRAW IT AS USUAL. BUT FOR PYRAMID AS ITS BASE IS AN EQUILATERAL TRIANGLE, IT CAN NOT BE DRAWN DIRECTLY.SUPPORT OF ITS TV IS REQUIRED. SO DRAW TRIANGLE AS A TV, SEPARATELY AND NAME VARIOUS POINTS AS SHOWN. AFTER THIS PLACE IT ON THE TOP OF CUBE AS SHOWN. THEN ADD HEIGHT FROM ITS CENTER AND COMPLETE ITS ISOMETRIC AS SHOWN.
3/26/2012
17
PROBLEM: A SQUARE PLATE IS PIERCED THROUGH CENTRALLY BY A CYLINDER WHICH COMES OUT EQUALLY FROM BOTH FACES OF PLATE. ITS FV & TV ARE SHOWN. DRAW ISOMETRIC VIEW.
14
FV
30 10 30
30 D
50
50
TV
3/26/2012
18
15
PROBLEM: A CIRCULAR PLATE IS PIERCED THROUGH CENTRALLY BY A SQUARE PYRAMID WHICH COMES OUT EQUALLY FROM BOTH FACES OF PLATE. ITS FV & TV ARE SHOWN. DRAW ISOMETRIC VIEW.
FV
30
10
30
40 SQUARE
TV
60 D
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19
10
16
F.V. & T.V. of an object are given. Draw its isometric view.
20 40
FV
40
TV
50 D 30 D
3/26/2012
20
STUDY ILLUSTRATIONS
ISOMETRIC PROJECTIONS OF SPHERE & HEMISPHERE
17
450 300
Isom. Scale
r
R r
r
P
C
r R R R r
C
TO DRAW ISOMETRIC PROJECTION OF A HEMISPHERE Adopt same procedure. Draw lower semicircle only. Then around C construct Rhombus of Sides equal to Isometric Diameter. For this use iso-scale. Then construct ellipse in this Rhombus as usual And Complete Isometric-Projection of Hemi-sphere.
P
P C = Center of Sphere. P = Point of contact R = True Radius of Sphere r = Isometric Radius.
TO DRAW ISOMETRIC PROJECTION OF A SPHERE 1. FIRST DRAW ISOMETRIC OF SQUARE PLATE. 2. LOCATE ITS CENTER. NAME IT P. 3. FROM PDRAW VERTICAL LINE UPWARD, LENGTH r mm AND LOCATE CENTER OF SPHERE C 4. C AS CENTER, WITHN G, DSCE, DRAW CIRCLE. Hareesha RADIUS R Bengaluru THIS IS ISOMETRIC PROJECTION OF A SPHERE.
3/26/2012
21
PROBLEM: A HEMI-SPHERE IS CENTRALLY PLACED ON THE TOP OF A FRUSTOM OF CONE. DRAW ISOMETRIC PROJECTIONS OF THE ASSEMBLY.
18
STUDY ILLUSTRATIONS
r
50 D
R
30 D 50
r
r P
50 D FIRST CONSTRUCT ISOMETRIC SCALE. USE THIS SCALE FOR ALL DIMENSIONS IN THIS PROBLEM.
450 300
19
A SQUARE PYRAMID OF 40 MM BASE SIDES AND 60 MM AXIS IS CUT BY AN INCLINED SECTION PLANE THROUGH THE MID POINT OF AXIS AS SHOWN.DRAW ISOMETRIC VIEW OF SECTION OF PYRAMID.
3 4 4 3 12
X
1 a 1 4 2 o 2 3 c d
3/26/2012
23
20
50
X
20
25
25
20
3/26/2012
24
21
35
FV
35 10
10
20
30
40 70
O
3/26/2012 Hareesha N G, DSCE, Bengaluru
TV
25
24
F.V. & T.V. and S.V.of an object are given. Draw its isometric view.
ALL VIEWS IDENTICAL FV SV
10 40 60
40
TV
60
3/26/2012
26
ALL VIEWS IDENTICAL FV SV
25
x
10
40
60
40 60
TV
3/26/2012
27
26
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS
FRONT VIEW
L.H.SIDE VIEW 20 20
x
20 30
20
50
20
20
20
TOP VIEW
3/26/2012
28
27
F.V. and S.V.of an object are given. Draw its isometric view.
30 SQUARE 40 20
50
20 10
30
F.V.
O
60
S.V.
3/26/2012
29
28
FV
40
O
30 D
10 45
10
50
80
TV
3/26/2012
30
29
FV X
10
40
O
100
10
25
TV
30 R
10
30
10
25
O
20 D
3/26/2012
31
30
30
FV
RECT. SLOT
10 35
50
10 X
O
20 D
TV
60 D 30 D
3/26/2012
32
31
10
25
15
25 40 10 25
25
O
80 25
F.V.
S.V.
3/26/2012
33
32
450
30
FV
40
O
30 D
40
TV
O
15 40
34
33
HEX PART
20
30 20 40
20
50
O
20 15
O
100
30 60
3/26/2012
35
20
40
34
F.V.
30
10
X
10
30 10 30
O T.V.
80
36
35
10
10
15 25
25
O
FV
Y
50 10
LSV
36
NOTE THE SMALL CHZNGE IN 2ND FV & SV. DRAW ISOMETRIC ACCORDINGLY.
10
Y
FV 3/26/2012
LSV
Hareesha N G, DSCE, Bengaluru 37
37
30
20
10
20 15
10
15
O
30 15
15
X
3/26/2012
O
50
F.V. Hareesha N G, DSCE, Bengaluru
LEFT S.V. 38
38
30
10
60
30
40 F.V.
40 S.V.
3/26/2012
39

Isometric Projections: Hareesha N G Dept of Aeronautical Engg Dayananda Sagar College of Engg Bangalore-78

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Isometric Projections: Hareesha N G Dept of Aeronautical Engg Dayananda Sagar College of Engg Bangalore-78

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Isometric Projections

Hareesha N G Dept of Aeronautical Engg Dayananda Sagar College of Engg Bangalore-78

Hareesha N G, DSCE, Bengaluru

SOME IMPORTANT TERMS:

The lines parallel to these axes are called Isometric Lines.

TYPES OF ISOMETRIC DRAWINGS

Drawn by using True scale ( True dimensions )

Drawn by using Isometric scale ( Reduced dimensions )

Isometric scale [ Line AC ] requiredHareesha N G, Projection for Isometric DSCE, Bengaluru

ISOMETRIC OF PLANE FIGURES

Isometric view if the Shape is F.V. or T.V.

IF THE FIGURE IS FRONT VIEW, H & L AXES ARE REQUIRED.

B Hareesha 3 G, DSCE, Bengaluru N C 2

DRAW ISOMETRIC VIEW OF A CIRCLE IF IT IS A TV OR FV.

Hareesha N G, DSCE, Bengaluru

Hareesha N G, DSCE, Bengaluru

ISOMETRIC OF PLANE FIGURES

Hareesha N G, DSCE, Bengaluru

ISOMETRIC VIEW OF BASE OF PENTAGONAL PYRAMID STANDING ON H.P.

2 2 3/26/2012 Hareesha N G, DSCE, Bengaluru 9

PENTAGONALL PRISM LYING ON H.P.

HEXAGONAL PRISM STANDING ON H.P. 3/26/2012 Hareesha N G, DSCE, Bengaluru

STUDY Z ILLUSTRATIONS CYLINDER STANDING ON H.P.

CYLINDER LYING ON H.P.

Hareesha N G, DSCE, Bengaluru

HALF CYLINDER STANDING ON H.P.

HALF CYLINDER LYING ON H.P. ( with flat face // to H.P.)

Hareesha N G, DSCE, Bengaluru

ISOMETRIC VIEW OF FRUSTOM OF PENTAGONAL PYRAMID

SOLUTION STEPS: FIRST DRAW ISOMETRIC OF ITS BASE.

ISOMETRIC VIEW OF 11 A FRUSTOM OF CONE STANDING ON H.P. ON ITS LARGER BASE.

Hareesha N G, DSCE, Bengaluru

Hareesha N G, DSCE, Bengaluru

Hareesha N G, DSCE, Bengaluru

Hareesha N G, DSCE, Bengaluru

Hareesha N G, DSCE, Bengaluru

Hareesha N G, DSCE, Bengaluru

ISOMETRIC PROJECTIONS OF SPHERE & HEMISPHERE

Hareesha N G, DSCE, Bengaluru

Hareesha N G, DSCE, Bengaluru

ALL VIEWS IDENTICAL FV SV

Hareesha N G, DSCE, Bengaluru

Hareesha N G, DSCE, Bengaluru

Hareesha N G, DSCE, Bengaluru

Hareesha N G, DSCE, Bengaluru

Hareesha N G, DSCE, Bengaluru

Hareesha N G, DSCE, Bengaluru

Hareesha N G, DSCE, Bengaluru

Hareesha N G, DSCE, Bengaluru

Hareesha N G, DSCE, Bengaluru

F.V. Hareesha N G, DSCE, Bengaluru

Hareesha N G, DSCE, Bengaluru

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