Methodology and Techniques

What is Quantitative Research?

It is a research method
It is influenced by Positivism It focuses on numeric data

It starts with a theory

What is Qualitative Research?

It is a research method

It is influenced by Interpretivism
It focuses on in-depth description It formulates a theory

Quantitative and Reality

There is a single reality

It can be fragmented
It can be generalised It is not context bound

It is very objective It can be generalised It can be measured It can be verified

 Values

can not be measured Research is free of values Values have no place in research Value free research is objective

Qualitative and Reality

There are multiple realities Reality is context bound There are multiple realities Reality is socially constucted

Beliefs can be knowledge Knowledge is socially constructed It is context bound It is subjective

Qualitative and values

Research is value-laden No values are wrong Values are only different Values are important in research

Qualitative
its inductive in nature It is time consuming It is subjective in nature It seeks descriptions

Quantitative
It is deductive in nature It is less time consuming It is objective in nature It seeks statistical data

Data gathering tools

Quantitative A well structured questionnaire Well structured interviews Some experiments in laboratories Well administered tests Qualitative The researcher in person Interviews and questionnaires Observations where researcher participates Some group discussions

Data Presentation
6
5 4

Most quantitative data is

presented on graphs and tables

Series 1 Series 2 Series 3

3
2 1

Most qualitative data is presented in form of pictures and objects