SAUKEM

REPORT ON SAURASHTRA CHEMICALS LTD. PORBANDAR.

Students Signature (SADIA JAYSUKH) 31-

Declaration

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I, the undersigned, SADIA JAYSUKH the student of F.Y.BBA here by declared that project work presented in this report is my own work and has been created by me. This has not been previously submitted to any other university.

Date Place Roll no.

:::PORBANDAR 102

Students Signature

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This is to certify that Mr. JAYSUKH C SADIA Student of F.Y. BBA has carried out project work embodied in this project report under my guidance and supervision and it is his own contribution.

Guided By

Date:Place :-

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Preface
This report has been prepared on the basis of practice training undergone at Saurashtra Chemicals Ltd the various departments visited by me are Marketing Department, Personnel Department, Research and Development departments etc. The information printed in this report is a perfect math of theoretical concepts and practical applications. Most of the information has been received directly from the concerned officers. Information has also been received taking interviews from the Managers and Departmental Heads of the organisation. .

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Acknowledgement
I feel great pleasure to present this report before you. I am thankful to all the members of the unit, who has helped me in guidance and collecting necessary information. I am very much thankful to manager, officers and workers of Saurashtra Chemicals Ltd who have provided as proper guide and gave necessary information about the unit which incorporating in this report. I am

Date Place

::-

Students Signature

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INDEX
Sr. No. 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 Particular General Information About Industry General Information Personnel department Production Department Marketing Department Research And Development Department Financial Department Summary & Finding Conclusion Bibliography Page No. 8 9 17 41 49 61 62 83 85 86

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GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT INDUSTRY

This industry is mainly in private sector. The Hindustan organic chemicals ltd. is the only central public sector unit engaged in the manufacture of basic chemicals on a barely large scale used in the manufacture process of drugs and pharmaceuticals, pesticides, dyes, dye intermediates and plastics. The public sector unit manufactures a wide range of chemicals. The order of 10,000 tones phenol projects were to be commissioned by 85.86. In India chemical industry has a high rate of technological obsolesces and there is an urgent need for up gradation of technology. A major trust also requires to be given in R & D activities in chemical industry in seventh plan to bring improvements in the existing process and technology, and also to obtain higher yields. Production control and safety measures are other vital aspects of chemical industry, which requires careful consideration. Thus there are many important aspects, which heed improvement in his field.

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GENERAL INFORMATION
Sr. No. 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 Particulars Introduction History And Development Location Factors Companys Organisation Structure Size Of The Organisation Companys Mission Corporate Goals And Objectives Page No. 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

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INTRODUCTION
NAME :SAURASHTRA CHEMICALS LTD. (NIRMA GROUP) LOCATION PRODUCT Regd. Office & Works :::PORBANDAR Soda Ash, Bromine NIRMA LTD. Porbandar - 360575 GUJARAT Regd. Trade Mark Motto Bankers :::SAUKEM The Name That Inspires Trust UCO Bank State Bank Of Saurashtra State Bank Of India Union Bank Of India Central Bank Of India Auditors :M/S. Lodha & Co. Chartered Accountants 12, Bhagat Singh Marg, New Delhi110 001 Solicitors :M/S. Khaitan & Co. Kolkata

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HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT

Saurashtra Chemicals Ltd. Porbandar which is known as SAUKHEM is one of the largest Soda Ash manufacturing units in the country. SAUKEM situated besides the Arabian Sea of Porbandar (Gujarat), well known as the birth place of Mahatma Gandhi. It was established in 1956 under flagship of Jiyaji Rao Cotton Mill Gwalior. It started its production December 1959. As far as position is concerned Tata chemicals starts first, then GHCL is second and SAUKEM stands third in India. SAUKEM has come a long way since then firmly establishing itself in high quality product and making remarkable improvements both in service and quality of products. Its main products are Soda Ash (Dense & Light), Soda Bicarb, Caustic Lye and Bromine. It started with installed capacity of 66,000 tones per year. Today is has achieved 3,65,000 tones per year.

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LOCATION FACTORS
Selection of Porbandar as a site for the location of this factory was easy availability of raw material. The factors are: Main raw material, which is obtained from limestones, is

near to factory.
Other necessary Raw Material like Salt & Sea water are near

due to sea cost.

Basic need like electricity is cheaper in Gujarat as compare

to other states.
Porbandar is well connected by road, sea rail, & airways to

major cities.

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COMPANYS ORGANISATION STRUCTURE

E.D

Technical Dept.

Legal/ Adm Quarry

HRD/ Personnel ant Adm

Marketing Sales

Commercial

Finance

Salt work

J t. P. (o)

Sr. V. P (P)

Sr. V. P. (P/A)

G. M.

G. M.

E.V.P. (o)

Maintains Process

R. & D.

T. P. S.

Project

E.D Jt. P. (O) Sr. V.P. (P) Sr. V.P. (P&A) G.M E.V.P. (O)

:- Executive Director :- Joint President Operation :- Senior Vice President :- Senior Vice President Personnel and Administration :- General Manager :- Executive Vice President

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SIZE & FORM OF THE ORGANISATION

Every industry is divided into three size, S.S.I (Small Scale Industry) M.S.I (Medium Scale Industry) L.S.I (Large Scale Industry) This organisation is large-scale industry (L.S.I) with huge investment in machineries. This organisation has adopted line & staff type of organisation.

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COMPANYS MISSION
(1) To provide ultimate value satisfaction to its customers in terms of

Quality commensurate with price through:-

Excellence In Technology Management Expertise Total Quality Management

(2) To make it a preferred organisation for its, both present and future:-

Employees Suppliers/Customers Related Agencies And Society At Large

Continue its march towards progress and retain its front line position.

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CORPORATE GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

Company has its own culture & identity in business world. It is the effort of company to maintain this identity & be No. 1 in global market. Company has fixed its goals and laid down some certain missions to achieve them.

CORPORATE GOALS
Maximum return to shareholders. To improve companys position from No.3 to No. 2 in Soda Ash business. To keep a slim & trim but fully satisfied management term to operate faster and to achieve higher levels of growth effectively. Bench mark SAUKEM products, processes, systems and results with international best towards KAIZEN which means continual improvement and ZII i.e. Zero Investment Improvements.

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PERSONNEL DEPARTMENT
Sr. No. 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 Particular Introduction Personnel Departments Org, Structure Recruitment, Selection And Induction Job Description Performance Appraisal System Training And Management Development Promotion And Transfer Policy Motivation Tools Wage And Salary Administration Welfare Activities Grievance Handling Procedure Page No. 18 19 20 22 23 27 29 30 31 32 40

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INTRODUCTION
Management is development of people sand not the direction of things. Management of personnel and administration is one and the same, they should never be separated. In modern industrial system, the production is the result of the joint effort of all factor of p0roduction i.e. Land, Labor, Unlike other factor of production is an active factor and control all other factors and co-ordinates them to get the maximum output at minimum cost. Layout is unimportant element of cost also and we can very easily reduce the cost of layout buy the best necessary to seek the co-operation of the human farce to get the maximum benefit out of the efforts it puts in. This aspect can only be satisfied by personnel management.

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PERSONAL DEPARTMENTS ORG. STRUCTURE

Sr. V.P. (P.&A)

HRD

PO/TO/Fir st Aid

Legal

Sr. Mgr

Dy. Gm (P & IR)

Dy. GM Legal

ASST. Mgr

PO

First Aid

TO

Sr. Dy. Mgr

Officer

Staff

Jt. Mgr

Officer

Staff

Dy. Mgr

Officer

Jt. Officer

Staff

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RECRUITMENT, SELECTION & INDUCTION

Recruitment :Recruitment is the process or searching for prospective employees and stimulates them to apply for job in the organisation. It means recruitment deals with discovering potential employees for actual organisation vacancies. Therefore, it has been regarded as the most important function of the personnel department because it is necessary that proper person hold proper position. The recruitment policy of the company is 1) 2) 3) 4) Publication In Newspaper Campus Interview Internal Recruitment Consultants (Placement Agencies)

Selection :Selection means putting right person at the right place. The companys selection procedure is:1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) Screening Of Application Preliminary Interview Written Test Group Discussion Final Interview Offer Letter Reference Check

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Induction:-

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When a new staff joins an organisation, he enters in the new surroundings. He has always confusion. To overcome the rovlem, the induction technique is followed, by which new employees are rehabilitated into the changed situation and introduced to the practices, policies and purposes of the organisation. Induction process followed by SAUKEM is as follows:1) 2) 3) 4) Introduction In Department Introduction With Head Introduction In Interrelated Department To Inform About Rules And Regulations.

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JOB DESCRIPTION
Job description is a written record of the duties, responsibilities and requirement of particular job. It is a statement describing the job in terms of its duties, working condition and hazard. So the job description means providing guidance and the information to the candidates about their job for which they are selected. SAUKEM the H.R. Manager of the company for all types of employees middle level employees as well as executive employees at managerial level gives job description. The statement of job description of SAUKEM is very useful to the employees of the company. They can easily aware the organisation relationship and duties on a given job. Thus, job description provides knowledge about what, where and how to perform the job.

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PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL SYSTEM

The performance appraisal form of the company is as under:-

PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL FROM

NAME OF THE ASSESSED: DESIGNATION: DEPARTMENT: Employees personnel particulars (to be filled by assesses himself)

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)

Name (In Full) Fathers Name Date Of Joining Present Designation Date Of Birth Qualification Present Address Permanent Address Date Of Last Promotion Experience Before Joining This Org. SI No. Name Of The Org. From The Designation

(11)

Training Attended Internal; External;

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(12) Family Details SI No. Name Birth Date Qualification Relationship

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PART 1 (TO BE FILLED BY ASSESSES)

(1)

YOUR STRENGTH:

(2)

YOUR WEAKNESS:

(3)

DO YOU FEEL YOUR POTENTIAL TAPPED PROPERLY. IF NOT/AREA WHERE YOUR OPTIMUM POTENTIAL SHOULD BE UTILIZED.

(4)

DO YOU FEEL YOUR PERFORMANCE IS 100% O.K. IF NOT WHAT ARE THE CONSTRAINTS.

(5)

DO

YOU

NEED

TRAINING

TO

IMPROVE

YOUR

PERFORMANCE? IF YES WRITE THE FIELD.

Signature

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PART 2 A (To be filled by assessor)

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ExpecTation (810) (A) knowledge of companys philosophy (1) know the companys goal & mission (2) contribute to achieve the goal (3) follow the companys mission in his day to day working 15 (B) customer delight (1) does he know his customers (2) he make effort to delight his customers (3) right first time approach in his day to day working 15 (C) cost consciousness (1) does he differentiate cost and value (2) value addition in his work (3) use JUST IN TIME in his area (D) quality of work (1) know quality parameter (2) stick quality of work
Apply SPC & SQC in his Area

Good (78)

SatisfaCtory (56)

Unsatisfactory

Part 2 B
Marks (A) Job performance (1) job knowledge (a) acknowledge of his job 16 Espectation Good SarisfActory Unsatis factory

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(b) work accuracy (c) Achievement in assigned jog (2) Professional Approach (a) Pro-activeness (b) Effective resource utilization (c) Waste elimination (B) personality & behavior (1) leadership 6 (a) Decision making (b) listening capability (c) stimulation (2) communication 6 (a) Clarity in comm.. (written & verbal) (b) Listening capability (c) Interpretation of massage (4) Adaptability (a) Open mind (b) Flexibility (c) Transparency

25

24

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TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT

OBJECTIVE
The organisation has abundance of human resources as the BRAIN TRUST of the company. Companys objective is to convert these human resources in to its assets. To make it happen, company is continuously recycling the human resources through formal and informal training and development activities o update professional/technical knowledge and raise the sill level veracity and adaptability of its employees. It is the companys objective to have a result oriented effective and efficient team in the organisation. Management is developing a team having clear vision of company and individual goals. To meeting this objective management also developing an ethical and supportive culture in the organisation as well as employees development. NEED ASSESSMENT To achieve the above objective, training need for various levels of employee is identified to enhance the potential of employees and improve their strength by removal of their weaknesses. Following methods are adopted by the company for training need assessment. Through Appraisal System Through Employee Data Bank Through Department Heads Recommendation On the basis of the above data HRD department analyze the need of training to individual as well as department. After proper analysis the HRD department decide the training need on given parameter. Behavioral Technical Mgt. Inf. Sys. TRAINING CALENDAR financial quality system Mgt. Dev. Prog.

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After assessing the training need HRD department collects information from various external Training Institutes/Agencies regarding availability training facility in different areas, competence of the faculty based on proven recorded and programmed cost. After collection of such information HRD department prepares the annual training calendar. While preparing such training calendar senior management team involved to make the implementation of the training calendar successful. Company has also developed its internal faculty to impart training to various levels of employees. APPROVAL OF TRAINING PROGRAMMED HRD department will prepare proposal containing following details. Training Brochure Expenses Involved Organizing Body All proposals for external training containing the above said details shall be forwarded to it Head through V.P (HRD & IR ) for approval.

FEED BACK
After completion of external training, participants are required to submit a feed back report in writing to HRD department through V.P. (HRD & IR) about the contents of training, participation and usefulness and shall deposit the training material if any with HRD department, such material shall be kept in the Training Center library for reference of other staff member.

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PROMOTION AND TRANSFER POLICY

Promotion :Promotion involve movement of a person to higher status, more pay, increased responsibilities and increased benefits in the same organisation there are many bases to promote the workers. So far as SAUKEM is concerned, the personnel department has their performance appraisal system, with the help of this technique the employee are promoted to higher jobs. Only the companys employees are promoted to higher jobs and not the person from external sources. The promotion is given on the need basis as per the vacancy and employees performance.

Transfer:Transfer is a movement of an employee from one job to another without involving any substantial charges in his duties, responsibilities, required kills, status and compensation In this company transfers are also on the need base. If a person is not suitable at one place or deparm4ent then he is given transfer.

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MOTIVATIONAL TOOLS
Motivation is the result of processes, internal or external to the individual that arouses enthusiasm and persistence to pursue a certain course of action. Motivation is an important concept that has been receiving considerable attention from academicians, research and practicing HR mangers. In its essence, motivation comprised important elements such as the need or content, search and choice of strategies, goal-detected behavior, social comparison of rewards, reinforcement, and performance-satisfaction. The increasing attention paid towards motivation is justified because of several reasons. Motivated employees come out with new ways of doing jobs. They are quality oriented. They are more productive. Any technology needs motivated employees to adopt it successfully. Motivation tools of the company are.. On The Spot Recognition Certificate KAIZEN System (ZII) Special Increments Cong Service Awards Like Silver Coins Vector Service Award

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WAGE AND SALARY ADMINISTRATION

Wage is the remuneration paid against the service of the labor in the productive process whether salary refers to the administrative and professional level. Generally, wage is calculated on the basis of working hours or quality of work done. It depends upon the policy of the company. A sound wage and salary plan helpful in mai9ntaining good industrial relations. At the time of selection of an employee, basis wage rate is fixed. In addition to the basic wage rate various allowances as dearness allowance, medical allowance etc. are added. The company is giving regular bonus @ 20% each year. Salary and wages are paid to the employees as per the government rules & regulations.

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WELFARE FACILITIES

UNIFORM
With a view of maintain discipline in the factory and to streamline the administration all staff members are being issued uniforms (permanent as well as probationers).

QUANTUM OF UNIFORM
Staff members entitled for 2 pairs of uniform of prescribed colors in a year.

COLOR CODE
Level of staff members (a) GM and above (b) By GM and below Color of Shirt/Bushirt Color of trouser Off white Dark Sky Blue Dark Gray Dark Navy Blue

Sukem Logo is to be got stitched at top on the right side of the left pocked of the shirt / Bushirt.

STITCHING CHARGES
(I) (II) Stitching charges of uniforms will be borne by the concerned staff members. Incase of staff members who were being issued top coat by the company earlier, the stitching charges of shirt in respect of such staff members will be born by the company and the stitching charges of trousers shall have to be borne by the staff members. In case of any staff member leaves the employment of the

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company due to resignation before expiry of the six month s from the date of issue of such uniform, a token amount of Rs. 200/- shall be deducted from the dues of such staff members towards the cost of uniform. No staff member will be allowed to come on duty without wearing the prescribed uniform.

RAINCOAT
One raincoat is issued to probationers/trainees and permanent staff members once in four year. If a staff member leaves the employment of the company before expiry of 2 years from the date is issue of raincoat to him, such staff member is required to deposit back the raincoat in the Stores Dept. failing which 50% of the cost of raincoat shall be recovered from his dues.

CANTEEN
Tea, Nasta and Lunch are supplied to the staff members in the canteen being in the factor at subsidized rates as under :Tea Nasta Lunch 0.18 Paisa Per Cup 0.60 Paisa Per 100 Gram 1.10 Rs. Per Thali

TOWN SHIP
Company has built a very big and well-furnished colony

BIRKASAGAR on the sea shore of Arabian sea about 1 km. away from the works. The colony has a cosmopolitan base having residents from all parts of

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of the following types of accommodation. Executive Bungalows B Type quarters C type quarters S type quarters G type quarters D type quarters Total Bachelor accommodation 11 100 128 100 4 294 -----637 52

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country where plenty of amenities for human life are available. Colony consists

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AMENITIES IN THE COLONY

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The colony provides all basic amenities to the residents of the colony like English medium School. Consumer copping-Operative store, nationalized Bank (branch of Central Bank Of India). Post Office, Medical centre, Laxminarayan Temple, club for staff members and welfare centre for workers, dairy farm etc.

BIRLASAGAR EDUCATION COMPLEX

Birla Sagar Education comprises comprised the following education institutions. English Medium School from KG to 12th standard (affiliated to CBSE, Board Delhi) Hindi Medium School from KG 10th standard ( affiliated to CBSE, Board Delhi) Around 1350 students belonging to the employees of the company as well as residents of Porbandar are getting education in Birlasagar Education complex. Staff and teacher are 65 in number, student of the institution have been performing well in CBSE Board exams and have also secured positions. Very nominal fees are being charged from children of the employees.

MEDICAL FACILITIES

SUKEM MEDICAL CENTRE

Sukem Medical Centre is running a dispensary it provides primary treatment for minor ailments to the employees and their family members. This medical centre has a team of experienced doctors in various fields. It is well equipped with the facility for various pathological test, ECG, X-rays etc. this medical Centre provides its service to around 30,000 patients in a years.

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SUSHILA BIRLA CHILD CARE MOBILE UNIT

This mobile unit provides free of cost medical facilities to children of surrounding villages. This mobile unit has a team of qualified medical practitioners. The term visits the surrounding village once in a week and provides treatment to child patients. This mobile unit is also well equipped with pathological and portable x-rays facilities.

FAIR PRICE SHOP

Fair price shop is also running is Birlasagar Copping-op. Consumers

society where ration items like wheat, sugar, kerosene are sold to the ration card holders in and around Birlasagar Colony.

TEMPLE
There is a LAXMINARAYAN TEMPLE in the colony. Here colony

residents come for their spiritual acquirement. It is an example of religious harmony since festivals of different religions are celebrated here such as Janmashtami, Ram Navmi, Ayyappa Pooja, and saraswati Pooja etc.

PLANTATION
Company is quite conscious about maintating pollution free

environment and ecological balance in the surrounding area of the factory as well as colony. With this objective in mind, company has planted around 60 thousand plants with a view to motivate the residents of the colony for plantation company has provident of the colony for plantation company had provided tree guards free of cost in the colony.

WELFARE ACTIVITIES
All level of employees and their family members with the objective of

overall development of the colony residents.

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(1) SAUKEM CLUIB :-

36

Company has provided a very good club building for staff members and this family with the facility of all types of indoor and out door games like Badminton, TT, Carom, Billiard, Lawn tennis etc, Games & sports are being arranged in the staff club on regulation programs at least once in a month. Staff club also organizes annual competition in all out door sports and games and gives prizes to the winners. Club also organizes picnic and excursions for the members periodically. Staff Club maintains a well-equipped Library containing a large number of books in English, Hindi and Gujrati languages. It has also Reading Room with the facility of daily newspapers and magazines.

(2)

SUKEM LADIES CLUB :Membership of the Ladies ins on voluntary basis. Apart from

subscription of the members, company is also giving contribution to Ladies Club is organizing regular recreational and cultural activities for its member.

(3)

SUKEM WELFARE CENTRE :Under the chairmanship of Vice President (HRD & IR), Saukem welfare

Centre is organizing welfare activities for the worker and their family members on regular basis. Its main activities are as under:-

LIBRARY
A large number of gooks in Gujrati and Hindi have been provided in the library which opens for one from 6.00 p.m. to 7.00 p.m. on alternate days and a large numbers of employees and their family members are availing this facility.

READING ROOM

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Hindi, Gujrati and English newspaper and several magazines in Hindi and Gujrati languages are provided in the Reading room. A large number of employees and their family members are making use of this reading room regularly. This reading room opens in the morning as well as in the evening.

TABLE TENNIS
Around 25 to 30 children of the workers and staff members are making use of this TT facility in the evening daily.

CAROM
Carom boards are provided in welfare centre and many staff members, workers and their fami9ly members are utilizing this facility.

FACILITY OF COMMUNITY HALL

Workers are provided to facility of using the community has at the welfare centre on the occasions of marriage of their son/daughter and for social and religious function.

GAME & ATHLETICS

Saukem welfare center provides the facility of outdoor games like football. Holly ball and Cricket. Staff members, workers and their children are playing these outdoor games in the Birlasagar Higher Secondary Schools ground in the colony. Saukem welfare centre provides all infrastructure required for outdoor games.

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ANNUAL TOURNAMENTS

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Saukem welfare centre arranges annual tournaments at a very large scale where in around 1000 participants takes active part in the games.

MAHILA UPKENDRA (LADIES SEWING CENTRE)

Company provided two D type quarter for running sewing centre in the workers colony on regular basis where in around 15 sewing machines have been provided.

CHILDREN PARK
A well-maintained children park is also provided in the colony for recreation of colony children.

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GRIEVANCE HANDLING PROCEDURE

Grievance handling is one of the most important tasks of management. Grievance arises in the company due to un satisfaction among employees and employers that results in disputes. There may be several reasons for arising such disputes. This company had adapted following grievance handling procedure There is three Tier System.

FIRST TIER
If there is any grievance, the workers will report to the superior. On the sport he head and the person concerned would discuss and solve the problem

SECOND TIER
If the problem is yet not solved then the department head will immediately report to the management.

THIRD TIER
Even after the second tier, the problem is not solved, and then the labor union and management will discuss and try to solve it. The grievance handling procedure should be so smooth that the industrial peace is maintained.

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PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT
Sr. No. 01 02 03 04 Particulars Page No. Main Products & Raw Material And 42 Sources Of Raw Material Use Of Product Manufacturing Process Electricity & Power Plant 44 45 48

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MAIN PRODUCTION & RAW MATERIALS AND SOURCES OF RAW MATERIALS

Production of company. The main production of Saurashtra chemicals Ltd. (SAUKEM) are Soda Ash (Dense And Light) Soda Bicarb Caustic Lye Bromine The use of the product Soda Ash Light Soda Ash is mainly used in soap, detergents, Sodium glass, textile and dying units etc. Soda Ash Dense Bromine Dense soda Ash mainly used in the manufacture of glass. Bromine is mainly used in pesticides and Pharmaceutical Industry. Refined Bicarbonate Refined Bicarbonates is mainly used in Bakery and other Chemicals Industries. Raw materials for manufacturing of the product :The main raw materials for manufacturing of Soda Ash are lime Stone, Salt Hard Coke and Ammonia Gas. SAUKEM has its own Lime Stone Quarries in the vicinity of around 20-25 kilometers away from the factory and also has its

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Megawatt capacity for captive consumption. Main sources of raw material for this company are

42

own Salt Works in Jamnagar District. SAUKEM has its won power House of 15

SALT :Salt is the important raw material in manufacturing of Soda Ash. The Salt Works of SAUKEM are Saurashtra Chemicals Ltd. Salts Works Vadinar Saurashtra Chemicals Ltd. Salts Works Khejadia Saurashtra Chemicals Ltd. Salts Works Gagva Saurashtra Chemicals Ltd. Salts Works Bedi Saurashtra Chemicals Ltd. Salts Works Sikka Saurashtra Chemicals Ltd. Salts Works Parodia

LIME STONE
The mines for the limestone, which is th source for the raw material for the SAUKEM , are Adityana Dharampur Bhakharala Bharwada Bhos Boricha (Zinjarka) Ranavav Kajavadri

ARD COKE
Hard Coke is also important raw material for manufacturing of Soda Ash. This raw material is important from Indonesia and also obtained from various mines few of them are mines in Dhanbad, Ranigani etc.

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USES OF PRODUCT
The uses of the product of this company are as under : Soda Ash light Soda Ash Dense Bromine Refined Bicarbonate Soda Ash is mainly used in soap, detergents, glass, textile and dying units. Dense is mainly used in the manufacture of glass. Bromine is mainly used in the Bakery and other Chemical Industries. Refined Bicarbonate is mainly used in the Bakery and other Chemical Industries.

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MANUFACTURING PROCESS
The manufacturing process for the products of the company is as under. Two main raw materials are used viz. Salt (Sodium Chloride) and lime Stone brine at a concentration of 304 gms / ltr. Of Sodium Chloride. The brine thus produced is called crude Brine, which further required the purification to remove calcium and magnesium impurities, magnesium is removed by adding Milk of lime and Calcium is removed by adding Soda Ash. These impurities removed in the form of sludge. The purified brine is first taken to Carbonating Tower exit gas scrubber in order to remove the ammonia and unrelated Co2 in a unit called LCL. Form LCL brine is taken to the absorber, where ammonia (recycled and make up) is injected to reaction hence the brine is cooled at various stage before it taken to the Carbonation Tower for Carbonation. Lime is calcined in the Biotical shaft Lime Kiln By feeding the mixture of limestone and coke from the top and blowing air from the bottom. The calcined limestone is taken from the bottom of the lime kiln and stored in the carbonating Tower. Carbonating Tower the main equipment or the conversion of Sodium Chloride to Sodium Bicarbonate. the main reaction is as follows: NH40H+CO2 Nacl+NH4HCO3 NH4HCO3 NaHCO3 NH4CI

The above reaction can take place only at low temperature. If the temperature is high then the reaction will be reversible, thereby the efficiency of conversion becomes poor.

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Sodium Bicarbonate is taken out form the Carbonating Tower in the form of slurry called Magma. Magma consists of a moisture of sodium bicarbonate in Solid form and other components viz. Ammonium Chloride, Sodium Carbonate, Ammonium Carbonate, Bicarbonate, Sulphide and Iron is traces, in addition to unrelated Sodium Chloride. the magma is taken filtration for converting it into Sodium Bicarbonate (Crude Bicarb) is taken to Calcined distiller for recovering ammonia and take to Ammonia Absorber. 2NaHCO3+ Ns2CO3+H2O+CO2

Co2 and water vapor are cooled in RGS gas cooler and gas is taken back to carbonating Tower through compressor and Ammonia Condensate is recovered back for the process in Distiller Columns. Sodium Carbonate (Soda Ash) from Calcined is taken and stored in silos land paced in gunny, HDPE bags of various sizes. For bulk consumption 675 kg packing is also being done.

DENSE SODA ASH

Dense sod ash in being manufactured by compacting light soda ash in Briquetting Machine and disintegrated by crusher and is packed in 100kg packing in gunny bags.

REFINED SODA ASH

Since the Sodium Bicarbonate coming from the filter (mentioned above) contains ammonia and chloride impurities, this grade is not suitable for consumption. Hence it is dissolved and calcined in DCB towers by using steam i.e. Sodium carbonate is converted back to sodium carbonate. This sodium carbonate solution is further carbonate in Refined Bicarbonate Tower by using Co2 gas Sodium Bicarbonate thus produced inn the form crystals and separated in Centrifuge and dried in the Drier before storing in refined Bicarbonate silo.

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BROMINE

46

During the production of Salt from Sea Water Solar Evaporation the spent brine also called Bittern (Brine left after the harvest of Sodium Chloride Crystals) contains dilute Sodium Bromide. This sodium bromide is concentrated by distillated and converted to sodium chloride by chlorination (displacement method) and the pre-bromine is distilled and condensed before bottled in 2kgs packing.

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ELECTRICITY AND POWER PLANT

SAUKEM has its own power plant of 15-magawatt capacity for captive consumption. Moreover, the unit often gets electricity from GEB. The company started the power generation, with 200 employees in the power plant.

CAPACITY
There are 4 generators with 5-magawatt capacity. So overall, capacity is 20 megawatt.

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MARKETING DEPARTMENT
Sr. No 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 Particulars Introduction Organisation Structure Main Products And Its Market & Its Customers Pricing Policy Packing Channel Of Distribution Transportation Advertising Marketing Research Other Information Page No. 50 51 52 53 54 55 57 58 59 60

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INTRODUCTION
The success of the organisation is very much depends upon the efficiency of marketing department of an organisation.
Marketing is analysis of organization, planning and controlling of firms customers impinging resources, policies, activities with a view to satisfying the need and wants of chosen customer group at profit. In other words marketing is the process of planning and executing he conception, pricing, promotion and distribution of ideas, gods to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organisation goals. In short marketing is an idea or thinking or philosophy that concern with satisfying the needs and wants of customers through exchange of goods and services. Marketing is working as heart of business. It is the performance of business. The term marketing is quite broad and comprehensive, and includes the techniques and methods required for selling. It is the duty of marketing department of formulate systematic policies concerning distribution channel, market segmentation, marketing research, packing, pricing etc.

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ORGANISATION STRUCTURE OF MARKETING DEPARTMENT

Marketing / Sales

GM Marketin g

Export

Marketing

Excise

Porbandar Zonal

Bomba y Zonal

Delhi Zonal

Kanpur

Zonal

Calculatta Zonal

Madras Zonal

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MAIN PRODUCTS, ITS MARKET & ITS CUSTOMERS

The main products of the company are Soda Ash Light Soda Ash Dense (NA2CO3) Bromine Sodium Bi Carbonate (NAHCO3) These products are industrial products and use as raw materials for further production in many other industries. The Soda Ash Dense and Light are used in Soap And detergent industries . while Soda Bicarb is used in food industries and bakeries. Main customers are Hindustan Lever Limited (HLL) Ghadi Detergent Glass Industries As Year Glasses Reliance Petro-Chemicals Ltd. Other Chemical Industries. In India, about 60% of the market of this company is covered by Hindustan Liver Limited. Nirma was the major customer of this company. But now they have started their won plant of soda ash.

EXPORT :SAUKEM has vast market in foreign countries. SAUKEM exports its product in Bangladesh, Srilanka, Nepal, Kuwait, Dubai, Oman etc.

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PRICING POLITY & PRICE OF THE PRODUCTS

Pricing is an important element of the marketing mix. It is one of the four Ps of marketing mix. Company set ups it pricing policy considering various aspects such as demand, competition, government interference etc. pricing policy should be such which generates demand and stands in the competition. Every company has its own pricing policy. The company has adopted Going Rate Pricing Policy. So price of the products are formulated considering the competition in the market. The objective of the pricing policy are For The Survival Of The Firm Maximum Current Profit Maximum Sales Growth Maximum Market Skimming Product Quality Leadership

The main objective of the company is product quality leadership.

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PACKING
The packing of the product of this company is done as under:For Soda Ash Light (1) (2) 50 Kg. High Density Polythene Bags (HDPE) 75 Kg. Gunny Bags.

For Soda Ash Dense (1) (2) 100 Kg. HDPE 50 Kg. Gunny Bags

For Soda Bicarbonate (1) (2) 50 Kg. HDPE 50 Kg. Gunny Bags

Soda Ash refined is packed in HDPE bags. The product of the company needs extra care for packing because soda ash is hygroscopic.

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CHANNEL OF DISTRIBUTION
The company sales its product by tow ways as

Regional Sales Manager Stockiest Dealers Sub Dealers Customers Direct Customers

They deal with customers directly form the head office. As these are large customers or contract based customers.

The regional office of this company are Porbandar Ahemedabad Mumbai Delhi Kanpur Kolkata Chennai

SAUKEM
zones. North Zone West Zone East Zone South Zone Kanpur, Delhi Mumbai, Ahemedabad Kolkata Chennai

55

There are four zones and these regional offices are divided in to these

The company has appointed many consignees. So, when there is strike or stock pilling, the consignees continue to sale and the companys image is not adversely affected.

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TRANSPORTATION
Transportation is an integral part of commerce. In todays business world, the importance of transportation cant be overlooked. SAUKEM has very excellent transportation service. The transportation media for this company are Trucks i.e. By Road Containers i.e. By Railway Wagons I.E. Also By Railway Country Crafts i.e. By Sea (Port Vassals

SAUKEM is located near to Porbandar. Here port facility is easily available. The railway facility is also available. The trucks are available fro outside the company premises from Transportation Company.

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ADVERTISING
Advertising is spreading of information. In communication about the product and service but before the consumer and also the firm which manufactures the products. In the present marketing advertisement has become an inseparable part of business. In other word, advertisement is the media through which the customers come to know about the products of the company. This company doesnt advertise directly. The stockiest and dealers employed by the company mostly advertise at regional level. They give advertisement in industrial pamphlets, in chemical magazines etc.

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MARKETING RESEARCH
Marketing research is the systematic design, collection, analysis and reporting of data and findi8ng relevant to a specific marketing situation facing the company. Through marketing research the company can obtain the information about market treads. SAUKEM has employed many dealers and marketing experts who take care about marketing tends.

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OTHER INFORMATION
There is a facility of suggestion box, which invites the suggestions of the employees. More over the production capacity of this company is about 900 tones per day.

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RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT

SAUKEM has full-fledged research and development department where

following activities are being carried out on regular basis: fixing specifications for Raw Materials and their review from time to time to economies consumption. Evaluation of efficiencies of equipments installed. Work on energy conservation and material conservation. De-bottlenecking and trouble shooting of the process. Study of environmental aspects for reduction in pollution levels. Efforts for conservation of water. Conceptualization and development of new products and by-products.

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FINANCE DEPARTMENT
Sr. No 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 19 10 11 12 13 Particulars Introduction Organisation Structure Of The Finance Department Financial Planning Balance sheet P/L A/L Capital Structure Capital Budgeting Management Of Fixed Assets Management Of Working Capital Management Of Inventory Management Of Receivables Ratio Analysis& Interpretation Leverage Analysis Page. No 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 73 74 76 77 81

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INTRODUCTION
Finance is the most important for the business because finance is the life Blood of any organisation. Without finance we cannot run our business efficiently and efficiently. Finance management is the specified function of general management, which is related to the procurement of finance and its effective utilization for the achievement of the common goal of the organisation. It includes every aspect of financial activities in the business. Finance management is the operational activity of a business i.e. responsible for obtaining and utilizing the funds necessary for efficient operation. In the modern age of organisation there is necessity to management of finance. If the proper management is done, we can do all the work of company in a food manner. So finance is very important for the company.

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ORGANISATION STRUCTURE OF FINANCE DEPARTMENT

GM Finance

Report section

Accounts

Employee Date process

Costing

Sales Accounts

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FINANCIAL PLANNING
In each and every field of management the planning is required. Not only in management but planning in necessary everywhere. Financial planning is one of the most important functions of finance department. Financial planning means to decide in advance the financial activities to be carried, on the basis of objectives determined. The main objective of the firm is to get maximum profit out of minimum efforts from its available resources. The basic purpose of financial planning is to make sure the required funds would be getting in time. And where such finance is to be invested? While planning about the finance. We have to take care that there should no be much capital or shortage capital. So far as SAUKEM is concerned, there are three types of financial planning based on time period.

SHORT TERM PLANNING

The short term is made to keep an eye on cash, sales, purchase, use of funds, cash flow etc. the duration of short term planning generally for one year.

MEDIUM TERM PLANNING

In medium term planning, company takes decision regarding the circulating capital i.e. the working capital cycle to operate the business and current assets of the company. The time limit for medium term planning is five years.

LONG TERM PLANNING

In long term, plans about expansion, modernization, technological changes etc. are done. The duration is five to ten years.

BALANCE SHEET
(Lacs Rs.)

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Schedule As at As at 30.09.2004 31.03.2003 I Sources Of Funds Shareholders Funds Shares Capital Reserve & Surpivs Loan Funds Secured Loans Unsecured Loans Total Application Of Funds Fixed Assets Gross Black Less: Depreciation Net Block Capital Work In Progress Current Assets. Loans And Advances Inventories Sundry Debtors Cash & Bank Balances Loans & Advances Less: Current Liabilities & Provisions Current Liabilities Provisions Net Current Assets Miscellaneous Expenditure (To The Extent Not Written Off Or Adjusted Profit & Lass Account TOTAL 1 2 3 4 5 31,646.60 9,241.16 22,405.44 7,058.05 29,463.49 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 6,477.97 2,902.82 91.85 1,707.07 11,179.71 12,523.13 238.31 12,761.44 (1,581.73) 93.32 30,083.00 6,875.93 23,207.07 7,097.12 30,304.19 5,387.22 3,182.74 84.49 1,598.64 10,253.08 9,711.67 360.01 10,71.68 181.41 227.67 18,428.22 18,428.22 1,611.74 1,611.74 28,754.30 21,122.69 472.96 4,820.98 49,267.24 45,983.63

II

21,292.16 15,270.37

49,267.24

45,983.63

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P/L A/L
(Lacs Rs)
INCOME SCHED For The 18 Months Period For The 18 Months 01.04.2003 To 30.03.2004 Period 01.04.2002 41,276.67 5,174.87 13 36,201.80 1.671.18 37,872.98 370.04 10,591.93 24,523.20 43.91 6,163.23 41,692.31 3,819.33 2,387.32 6,206.65 184.86 6,021.79 15,270.37 21,292.16 (20.66) 27,350.90 3,548.23 23,802.67 885.21 24,687.88 47.98 5,523.76 16,866.33 29.27 3,117.99 25,585.33 899.45 1,539.15 2,436.60 195.28 2,241.32 13,029.05 15,270.37 (8.34)

Sales Less: Excise Duty Recovered Other Income Expenditure Purchases Materials Manufacturing Other Expenses Prorate Premium On Redemption Of-Preference Shares Interest Profit/ (Loss) Before Deprecation & Exceptional Items Depreciation Profit/ (Loss) After Depreciation But Before Exceptional Items. Exceptional Items (Returned No.17 Of Schedule 17) Profit/(Loss) For The Period Add: Loss Brought Forward Balance Carried Forward To Balance Sheet Earnings Per Shares (Basis & Diluted ) ( Refer Not No. 2007 Schedule 17)

14 15 16

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CAPITAL STRUCTURE

Capital structure of a company is the make up on form an composition of capitulations i.e. the type of securities to be issued and the relative proportion of each type at scarily in the total capitulation. The nature at capital structure depends marrly on the circumstances and the environmental factors that a company is facing. The capital structure of SAIKIM limited is as follows.

Capital structure
Particulars Share capital Reserve & surpivs Funded Debt Secured loan Unsecured loans 21122.69 4820.98 19640.93 4895.80 As on 31-3-04 (In Lakns) 18428.22 1611.74 Ason 31-3-03 (In Lakns) 18428.22 1611.74

Total capital

45983.63

44576.69

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CAPITAL BUDGETING
Capital budgeting is a very important financial and investment decision of any firm. It relates to selection of an asset, as investment proposal benefits of which are likely to be available in future. Capital budgeting is employed to evaluate capital expenditure decision which involves current outlay but are likely to produce benefits over a peril of time longer than one year. The methods of capital budgeting used by SAIKEM are as under: 1. 2. 3. Average Rate Of Return. Net Present Value Pay Back

In SAUREM manager prepares capital budgeting and company it with previous year for evaluating their financial decision they have consider interment and benefits of the project.

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MANAGEMENT OF FIXED ASSETS

Fixed assets means those assets. Which are somewhat, fixed on permanent nature and remain with organisation for long duration. But the management of fixed assets. We mean the efficiency issue to manage only because large amount of fund is block into them. SAUKEMS fixed assets include goodwill, trademark, tree hold land, factor building, plant & machinery, furniture & fixture, equipment, vehicle and computers etc. Two important ratios will clear the fixed assets management.
(1)

Level Of Fixed Assets:Level of fixed asses = Net fixed assets X 100

Total assets 2002-2003 = 30,304.19 X 100 40,557.27 = 2003-2004 Net Fixed assets Total Assets = = 29,463.49 40,643.20 74.72%

SAUKEM
Transfer into 12 months are as under. 18 month net fixed assts 12 month net fixed assts 29,463.49 x 12 18 = = 29,463.49 = ?

70

19642.33

18 month net fixed assts 12 month net fixed assts 40,643.33x 12 18

= = = ?

40,643.20

270,95.47

Net fixed assets X 100 Total assets

19,642.33 X 100 27,095.47

72.49%

Comment:This ratio indicates percentage of fixed assets in total assets. Hear as compared to last year his parentage is decreased. It indicates that declare in the amount o fixed assets in the current year.

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(2) Assets turn over ratio:Assets turn over ration= sales X 100

71

Net Fixed Assets. 2002-2003 = 27,350.90 X 100 30304.19 = 2003-2004 = 27,51778 19,642.33 = 1.40 Times 0.90 times

Comment :This is ratio shows how many times fixed asset have been turnover daring the year in comparison with sale this is activity ratio. It indicates efficiency of the company to make the sales and recover investment in fixed assets.

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MANAGEMENT OF WORKING CAPITAL

Working capital is the most important need of every company. Management of working capital usually involves in management or administration i.e. planning and controlling current assets namely cash and marketable securities, account receivable and inventories and also the administration of current liabilities. Whit the help of working capital management company can maintain right cash balance so that flow of funds is maintain at derirable speed not allowing any slow down an stop pages so objectives are achieves. Working capital is the amount of funds necessary to cover the cost of operating the enterprise. In SAUKEM Net working capital 2002-2003 = = = 2003-2004 = = Current Assets Current liabilities 10,253.80 10,077.68 181.4 7453.14 8507.63 - 1054.49

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MANAGEMENT OF INVENTORY
A large part of working capital in inventories. Inventories held the prime position among the current assets in any organisation. In order to minimize the cash revilements, inventory should be turned over as promptly as possible. Inventory turnover ratio indicates how many time stock is purchases during the year. The purpose of inventory management is to keep stock in such a way that heather there is overstocking not under stocking. Inventory helps in smooth and efficient running of business. Following is the calculation. of this ratio. Inventory turnover Ration = Net sales Average stock Average stock = Opening stock + closing stock 2 2002-2003 = 1259.29 + 1340.64 2 2003-2004 = 1340.64 + 912.09 2 2002-2003 = Net sales Average stock = = 2003-2004 = 25,986.30 1299.96 19.99 20 times 27,040.03 (Sales G.P.) = 1126.36 = 1299.96

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750.70 = 36 times

74

This ratio indicates the speed which the stock is turnover. In the year 2002-2003 it is 20 times and in the year 2003-2004 it is 36 time which indicate the more efficient is the mant of sales.

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MANAGEMENT OF RECEIVABLES
Receivables rater to selling good. Son credit on different payment basis. Management of receivable is essential or it affects the profitability and liquidity of the firm. Management of receivable is a part of working capital management. It is an effective tool of marketing and aids and bridge tar the management of goods. To understand management of receivable, there is average collection period ratio. Average collection period ratio = Debtors x 365 sales 2002-2003 = 3182.74 x 365 27350.90 = 2003-2004 = 42.4 42 days 1935.21x 365 27517.78 = 25.66 26 days

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RATIO ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION

Ratio analysis is the technique with the help of which interpretation of financial statement is made. It is tool of evaluating profitability. Liquidity, stock turnover etc measure the efficiency of the unit company a to last year.
Profitability

Ration:-

(1)

Gross Profit Ratio:Gross profit Ratio = Gross Profit x 100 Net Sales 2002-2003 = 1364.60 x 100 27350.90 = 2003-2004 = 4.99 % 477.75 27517.78 = 1.74 % x 100

This ratio expressing relationship between gross profit earn in relation to net sales. This ratio is low; it indicates that cost of sales is high or that the purchasing is in efficient. Both the years ration is so low so, it indicates company must investigate the causes and they to bring up this ratio.

SAUKEM
(2) Net Profit Ratio:Net Profit Ratio = Net Profit x 100 Sales 2002-2003 = -2241.32 x 100 27350.90 = 2003-2004 = -8.19 % -4014.53 27517.78 = -14.58 % x 100

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The company doesnt make the profit because its parses from heavy losses. So mgmt. at company 15 required to improvement.

(3)

Operating Profit Ratio:Operating profit Ratio = Operating Profit x 100 Sales 2002-2003 = = 2003-2004 = = 2285.75 x 100 27350.90 8.36 % 1756.11 27517.78 6.38 % This ratio shows a boat the management efficiency of the business. x 100

Here, this ratio decrease company to previous year ratio. So its managerial efficiency is not good.

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Liquidity

78

Ratio:-

(1)

Current Ratio:Current Ratio = Current Assets Current liabilities 2002-2003 = 10253.08 10071.68 = 2003-2004 = 1.02 % 7453.14 8507.63 = 0.88 %

This ratio indicate the working capital position. Its standard is 2 :1 but in the previous year there 1.02: 1 and current year 0.88 : 1. This show the position of marking capital.

(2)

Liquid Ratio:Liquid Ratio = Liquid Assets Current liabilities 2002-2003 = = 2003-2004 = = 8912.44 10071.68 0.88 % 6845.08 8507.63 0.80 %

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Liquid Ratio is a better indication of liquid position of the company. The desirable liquid ratio 15:7:1 against which in 2002-2003 this ratio comes 0.88 : 1 where as in 2003-2004 the position has been versant by giving this ration of 0.80 : 1

(3)

Acid Test Ratio:Acid Test Ratio = Quick Assets Liquid Liabilities 2002-2003 = = 2003-2004 = = 1683.12 10071.68 0.17 % 1199.28 8507.63 0.14 %

The standers acid test ration is 0.50:1 against this for these company it sis 0.17:1 shows deteriorating position for the company.

Net

Working Capital Turnover:Working capital turnover = Sales Net working capital 2002-2003 = = 2003-2004 = 27350.90 181.4 150.78 times 27517.78 -1054.49 = -26.09 times

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LEVERAGE ANALYSIS
The term leverage refers to an increased means for accomplishing some purpose. However, in the area of finance, the4 term leverage has a special meaning. It is used to describe the firms ability to magnify the retune to its owners. James Harne has defined leverage as The employment at an asset or fords for which the firm pays a fixed cost or fixed return. Following the leverage ration calculator.
Proprietary

Ratio:-

(1)

Proprietary Ratio

Proprietary Funds x 100 Total Assets

2002-2003

20039.96 x 100 40557.27

= 2003-2004 =

49.41% 13359.97 x 100 27095.47

49.31 %

This ratio shows the proportion of proprietors funds to total assets employed in the business. The higher the ratio, the stranger financial position of the company. Here, this ratio is little clecrearecl compared so good situation.

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Assets

81

turn over ratio:= sales Net fixed assets

(1)

Assets turn over Ratio

2002-2003

27350.90 30304.19

= 2003-2004 =

0.90 times 27517.78 19642.33

1.40 times

This ratio shows how many times fixed assets have been turnover daring the year in comparison with sale. This is activity ratio. It indicates efficiency of the company to make the sales and recover investment in fixed assets.

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I had visited the saurashtra chemicals ltd. of Porbandar. Which is also known as saukem. I had visualized all the department of this company. This company was established in 1956 and started its production in 1959. it starts whit installed capacity of 66000, tones per year. The company had mode much progress during all these years. The companies started with few workers and staff member who have now reached to 2400 employees including staff members, direct workers, of the company and contract, workers a part from engaging employees in it queries and salt works. Soda ash is the main product manufactured here salt is one if the main raw material in the manufacturing of soda ash saukem has its own salt works situated in Vadinar, Khejadia, Bedi, Gagva, Sikka And Salaya. Soda ash is mainly used in soap, detergent, sodium glass, textile and dying units. Dense soda ash is mainly used in the manufacturing of glass. The products of this company are supplied in vast amount in Kanpur, Delhi, Mumbai, Ahemedabad, Kolkata, Hyderabad and in many other parts of the country. The company is running in good profit and has a turn over 236 crores yearly. So as for as I am concerned the company is in good state and is running on the right track.

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FINDING
The future of saukem is very bight the future plans of this company are as follows:1. It is trying to improve companys position from no. 3 to no. 2 soda ash business. It is trying to keep a slim and trip but fully satisfied management tern to operate faster and to achiever higher levels of business and growth effectively.

2.

3.

It is trying to improve ultimate value satisfaction to its customers in terms of quality commensurate A. Excellence in technology breach through B. Management expertise C. Total quality management

4.

It is trying to make it a preferred organization for its, both present and future A. Employees B. Suppliers /Customers C. Share holders D. Belated agencies and society at large.

5.

Continue its march to wards progress and retain its front line position.

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CONCLUSION
I had visited the saurashtra chemical Ltd. of Porbandar it is continuing its production maintenance it has created a very good reputation in national as well as in international market. This unit has maintained its quality image. So well that Dr. Manmohan Singh, the finance minister. Presented an award for industrial relationship to Saurashtra Chemicals in 1983. Although from last few years saukem has suffered little bit of loss because of earthquake and other factors. But having a look at it sales and quality maintenance and also co-ordination among the management and its employees. I conclude that in further years. Saukem can attain the goals predetermined by it. And I also hope that the future years will be prosperous for them.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY
I had mad use of many books of accountancy and management for preparing this practical study report. The names of the books and author are as follows:-

1.

Company Accounts:-

Prin. T.J. Rana Prof. A.B. Savjani, Prin. V.S. Dalar. Prof. K. N. Bhavsara And Prof. J. M. Shah. B. S. Shah Prahashan.

2.

Financial Management:-

Prin T. J. Rana. Prof. Naresh Jain B. S. Shah Prakashan.

3.

H. R. Management And Industrial Relations:Prof. S. P. Shah Prof. R. K. Balyan Dr. Jayshree B. Thakore Prin. V. M. Patel Mahajan Publishing House

4.

Marketing Management:-

S. A. Sherlekar Himalaya Publishing House

All sort of management problems are solved by management related books and gross profit ratio, not profit ration and current ration are found out with the hop of company accounts.