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b ewg KlK`i AvPiY eo wei nb| mB KviY jLKK civgk w`qwQjb
GB eBqi wew Ges cPvi e ivLZ Zvnv bv nBj AwMZ NZvwZ `Iqv
nBe ej ge Kib| GKB ej kYx^v_! ewg Zv Rwg`vi wQjb bv, wKy
Zuvi Rwg`vicxwZ h_ cwigvY wQj, mB KviY GB K_v wZwb ejZ cvib| gxi
gkviid nvmb-Gi GKvwaK eBqi AvjvPbv cKvwkZ nq fviZx cwKvq|
iex`bv_i PvL e`kb wKsev fviZx wKsev mvgcKvk wKsev Mvgevv
cKvwkKv wKsev XvKv cKvk Kvbv bv Kvbv cwKvq jLv gxi gkviid-Gi
eBqi mgvjvPbv PvL bv covi K_v bv| AZ fviZx Avi e`kbi K_v Zv
Avgiv ejZB cvwi| Avi welv`-wmzi gZv eB hvi cksmv eiQ KvMR
KvMR, GB aibi Dw Kiv nQ gkviidi M`ixwZi cksmv Ki Ggb my`i
mvejxj M` evOvjx wn`y wjwLZ cvwij KZv_ eva Kwieb| ZLb iex`bv_i
Kbv AvMn RvMjv bv GB eBLvbv co `Lvi Zv eov weqi, A_P iex`bv_i
YMvwnZvi Zv ZzjbvB nq bv| Ave`yj Kwigi fviZel gymjgvb ivRZi BwZe
GKUv QvU cywKv, zjcvV eB| mB eBqi ch wZwb `xN AvjvPbv KiQb
fviZx cwKvq| Avi `yfvM Avgv`i h wkjvB`ni GKevi KvQi mvov-RvMvbv
jLK gxi gkviid nvmb wKsev KvOvj nwibv_ mK AvZ KviY iex`bv_i
AvMn RvM wb|
gvRvd&di nvmb : iex`bv_ Zuvi jLvi ga w`q c~eeK KZLvwb aviY
KiZ mg nqQb?
Aveyj Avnmvb Payix : iex`bv_i AbK weLvZ jLvi RbB GB c~ee f~L|
c~eei cKwZ I gvbyl iex`bv_i iPbvq bvbvfve GmQ Ges hw` mB A_ awi,
Zvnj Zv Zuvi MQi ewkifvM MB c~ee jLv A_ev c~eei cUf~wgZ
jLv| Avi evDji fve Zuvi Mvb I Abvb jLvq h GmQ ZvI c~eei
KviYB Zv| Zuvi ceI c~eei K_v DV GmQ| wZwb ^`kx fvebv wbq hLb
wjLQb, cjxDbqb wbq hLb wjLQb, cjxcKwZ mK hLb wjLQb, Zvi g~j
Zv AvQ GB c~eeiB AwfZv| Ges D`vniY wnme GB c~eei Mvgjvi
K_vB Zv wZwb Zzj aiQb| hw` Avgiv Hfve wnme Kwi Zvnj iex`bv_i
iPbvi Lye iZc~Y Ask ev Zuvi Lye weLvZ jLvi AbKjvB c~ee jLv| hw`I
Avgvi mvbvi evsjv mgM evsjvKB evSvq, wK GB MvbwUK hw` weklY Kiv
hvq Zvnj wK Avgv`i gb ne h c~eei QvcUv GB Mvbi fZi AbK ewk

cwigvY AvQ| GgbwK gb nZB cvi h, Zuvi jLvq h cvKwZK, bmwMK weeiY
GmQ Zv Zv c~ee iB| m Rb Zuvi iPbvq I eYbvq c~ee bvbvfve cKvwkZ|
gvRvd&di nvmb : Avgiv Rvwb, iex`bv_ c~ee K wbq M, KweZv, Mvb iPbv
KiQb| Dcbvm mUv NUwb Kb ?
Aveyj Avnmvb Payix : wejY NUQ| Avgiv Zv ejZ cvwi Zuvi bvgKiv ek
KwU Dcbvm GB c~ee emB jLv| Gi KvbvUv wkjvB`n jLv i Kib ev
KvbvUv GLvb kl Kib| hgb, PvLi evwj, Mviv, Ni evBi, PZzi
Gjv Zv c~ee evmiB dmj| nqZv ev cyivUv GLvb jLv nqwb, wK GLvbB
g~jZ jLvjv i KiwQjb| GLvb wZwb bvUKI wjLQb, hgb wPiKzgvi
mfv, Mvovq Mj`, wPv`v, ivRv| c~ee i b`x I cKw Zi K_v mePq ewk
GmQ Zuvi wQbc| mRb Zv Avgiv ejZB cvwi h Zuvi mvwnZPPvi cavb
avx GB c~ee |
gvRvd&di nvmb : Avgvi KvQ GKUv wRwbm ek BUviws jvM, Dwb
Bsjv wMq _vKZ cvijb bv, A_P KjKvZvi Avqwk Rxeb ev` w`q
wkjvB`ni gZv AR-cvovMuvq w`we KvwUq w`jb| ejv hvq GLvb GmB hbv
Dwb ewk ^vQ` eva Kijb|
Aveyj Avnmvb Payix : Gjv Hfve wePvi Kiv hvq bv| Avqwk Rxeb ejZ
Avgiv wK eywS? Avqwk Rxeb ejZ gvUi Dci Avgiv eywS fvjv LvIqv-civ Avi
cvq Kgnxb wbw wejvmx Ajm Rxebhvcb|
gvRvd&di nvmb : bv, Avwg Avmj G `yUvi KvbvUvB evSvZ PvwQ bv| Avwg
ejZ PvwQ myhvM-myweavi K_v|
Aveyj Avnmvb Payix : iex`bv_ h GLvb kvKvb RxebaviY KiZb Ges
KjKvZvi RvovmuvKvq wZwb cjvb Qvov wKQy LZb bv, Zv Zv bv| RvovmuvKv ev
kvwwbKZbI ZuvK KLbv KLbv K Rxebhvcb KiZ nqQ| Mvg Gm
bvMwiK myhvM-myweav wZwb cvbwb, wK Abfve wZwb Zv cywlq wbqwQjb|
gvRvd&di nvmb : bv, Zv bv| evcviUv nQ KjKvZvi ev bMii AZ myhvMmyweav Qo wZwb Mvgi H KlK kYxi gvbyljvi m _vKjb wK Ki! hLvb
hvMvhvM-eev fvjv bq, Aviv KZ mgmv!
Aveyj Avnmvb Payix : nuv, mUv Zv wVK, Ab KD nj nuvwcq DVZb|
iex`bv_ w`bi ci w`b H MvgB _KQb, b`xZB _KQb| mw`K _K Zv
iex`bv_ ewZg| AbK wKQyZB Zv wZwb Avjv`v iKgi, hgb wZwb AaK
Rxeb wecZxK njb, Zvici AviI cvq 40 eQi euP wQjb| wK evOvwj Pwii
cwZdjb Zv Zuvi ga NUwb| wZwb cybivq x MnY AvMn `Lvb wb| iex`bv_
evOvwj njI evOvwji h ^fve ev Pwi mPivPi Avgv`i PvLi mvgb fm IV,
wZwb mBiKg wQjb bv| we`vmvMiI Zv evOvwjmgvR Rb wbqI KvR-Kg wPvfvebvq wfb iKgi wQjb cyivcywi ^Z wQjb| GB aibi D`vniY Zv gjB
bv! iex`bv_i gaI evOvwjZ wQj, wK evOvwji h bwZevPK w`K mjv ZuvK
Zgb k Kiwb| iex`bv_ wbtmZv hgb PqQb, Avevi Zgwb cwievi-

kvkwZKx-17

kvkwZKx-18

cwiRb`i m _vKZI PvBZb| ZvB Zv eD-Qjgq`i wkjvB`n wbq Gm

msmviI cZwQjb| wK bvbv ARynvZ gYvwjbxB Zv _vKZ PvBjb bv| wK Avi
Kiv! Ze gb PvBjB Kwe QyUZb KjKvZvq| LuvPvi cvwL Avi ebi cvwLi
wKQyUv GLvbI wQj|
gvRvd&di nvmb : wZwb Zuvi gqi evjweevn w`Qb| Avevi Zuuvi cwievi
weaev wQj, wZwb Zuv`i weqi evcvi Abyrmvn cKvk KiQb| GUv GKaibi
^weivwaZv nq Mj bv ?
Aveyj Avnmvb Payix : gnr gvbyl Ges gnr wkxi wfZiB wKQy Avh aibi
^weivwaZv _vK| Zywg evBii w`K ZvKvI Zjq-Gi jLvq Avgiv ivwkqvi
Rxebi Ai wP LuyR cvB, Zuvi jLv cMwZi c_ Avjv djQ| hvRKZi
cwZ GKUv gvn ev `yejZv mI Zjq ivwkqvi gnvb mvb| iex`bv_i
^weivwaZvi K_v AbK AvQ| Zzwg Zv Kej GKUv ejj h iex`bv_ bvixi
weKvki K_v ej eovjI wbRi cwievi Zvi PPv Kib wb| Zuvi gq`i KvDK
wZwb Zgbfve jLvcov kLvb wb| cvkvcvwk Zuvi fvBqi gqiv ixwZgZ evBi
wMq jLvcov KiQ| mePq eov AwfhvM hUv Avm, wZwb GZv h bvixgywi
K_v ejQb A_P wZwb wbR evjweevn KiQb| mUv bv nq Abygv`b Kiv hvq
GB KviY h mB mgqUv wQj Dwbk kZK| wK mgvR hLb AbK`~i GwMq MQ,
mB mgq Gm wZwb Zuvi meKwU gqi evjweevn w`qQb| GQvovI iex`bv_i
ewRxeb AbK ^weivwaZv wQj| mgvjvPbv KijI mjv Avgiv KLbB eov
Ki `Lev bv| wK GI Avgiv PvBev bv h iex`wZK Ggb GKUv chvq wbq
hZ hv `Lj-bj iex`bv_ wbRB weeZ nZb| AwZfw ev wZ memgq
KvvbK Pvcv w`q ivL wePvieywK AvQb Ki `q| Avi hvK wbq Gme
K_v mB gvbylwUK fyj c_ wbq hvq ev weZwKZ Ki Zvj| iex`bv_ KLbv
KLbv Gi wkKvi nqwQjb| bvej cyivi cvIqvi ci kvwwbKZb ZuvK h
mseabv `Iqv nq, mLvb Zuvi ee b mevB z nq bv LqB KjKvZvq wdi
hvb| GB evcvijvi ga w`q Avgiv eySZ cvwi h wZwb KLbv KLbv Amwnz
nq coZb| hw`I iex`bv_ AbK AvNvZ cqQb evOvwj mgvRi KvQ _K h
KviY Zuviv hLb mvb w`Z hvQb ZLb Zuvi wfZi GKUv Awfgvb I cwZwqv
RMQ| wK mB cwZwqvUv kvfb wQj bv| hvB nvK, wR`jvj ivqi m
c_g w`K Zvui mK Lye gayi wQj, wK ci bvbv KviY GB mK GZUvB Lvivc
nq cojv h wZwb Kvbv Kvbv jLvq iex`bv_i Mvb mK Ggb evR ge
Kib h, hv ixwZgZ AvcwKi hgb, Kb hvwgbx bv hZ RvMvj bv, ejv njv
gwi jvR wW.Gj. ivq GB MvbwU mK ge Kijb h GwU GKwU
jvUMxwZ| Zvici GKevi klRxeb wZwb iex`bv_K bMfve AvgY Ki
Avb`we`vq wjLjb, mwU hLb g nwQj z `kK Zv e Ki w`qwQj| mB
wW.Gj. ivq hLb 1913-Z gviv Mjb, ZLb KbMi GKUv kvKmfvi AvqvRb
Kiv nq| AvqvRKiv iex`bv_i KvQ wPwV jLb kvK-Abyvb cvV Kivi ev
iwYKvq Qvcvi Rb evYx Pq| Zv iex`bv_ bvwK GB iKg Reve w`qwQjb,
whwb mvivRxeb ai ZuvK Aegvbbv KiQb Zuvi gZzZ kvKcKvki gZv D`viZv

Zuvi bB| GZ AbK z nb Ges AvqvRKiv Zv RvwbqB `b h wZwb hw`

Kvbv jLv bv cvVvb Zvnj GB wPwVwUB Zuviv kvKmfvq co kvbveb ev Qc
`eb| ci Aek iex`bv_ KqK Q wjL cvwVqwQjb| Gme K_v AvgvK
ejwQjb KbMii jLK-MelK gvwnZ ivq| fveZ ne, iex`bv_I GKRb
gvbyl| wW.Gj. ivqi KvQ _K wZwb h AvNvZ cqwQjb Zv nRg Ki Zuvi
mK fvjv K_v ejv fvwi KwVb| Ze cZvkv Zv iex`bv_i KvQ GKUz ewkB
_vKe, GwUB ^vfvweK| myZivs iex`bv_ hv, Zv Avgv`i ejv DwPr ev Zzj aiv
cqvRb| fvjv-g` wgwjqB gvbyl| Avgiv iex`bv_K gvbyl wnme `LZ PvB
wcqi `eZv evbvZ PvBbv|
gvRvd&di nvmb : Avgiv Rvwb, cvK-kvmbvgj iex`bv_K c~ee wbwl Kiv
nq| `k ^vaxb nIqvi ciciB iex`cx wZi Rvqvi cyiv `k fvmZ i KiQ|
iex`bv_i mvakZevwlKx D`&hvcbB Zvi cgvY enb Ki| GLb ck nQ, Avgiv
cKZ
c, iex`bv_K KZLvwb aviY, enb I weklY KiZ mg nqwQ ej
Avcwb gb Kib ?
Aveyj Avnmvb Payix : evOvwjPwi GKUv w`K `Le h evOvwj fvwi Drmewcq|
GK Avwg wK wb`v ev mgvjvPbvi `wZ `LZ PvB bv| mvakZRbel GB Drme
bv njB eis ew_Z nIqvi KviY NUZv| GZ iex`bv_i h `okv eQi c~Y njv
GwU RbMYi PZbvq weivU GKUv avv `q h `okv eQi ai GKRb jLK euP
AvQb, wZwb GLbI cwVZ nb, gvbyl ZuvK GLbv iY Ki| GI Zv GKUv weqi
evcvi h iex`bv_ Avgv`i KvQ GLbI cvmwK, Zuvi KvQ _K GLbI Avgv`i
AbK wKQy kLvi-bIqvi AvQ| Avgiv GB Drmei wec bB, wK iex`bv_K
ay bwZevPKfve Zzj aiv wKsev gwK iex`PPv mUvK Zv Avgiv cQ` Kiev bv|
Avi Rvqvii Rj Zv AbK wKQyB fm Avm Avevi fvUvi Uvb wgwjq hvq|
iex`bv_ wbRB GKRvqMvq ejQb, LuvwU wRwbmi cwigvY ewk nIqv Ame GB
K_vi AbymiY ejv hvq, LuvwU iex`cgxi msLv ewk nIqv Ame|
gvRvd&di nvmb : K_vcm Pj Avm, iex`bv_K wbq c~ee cPiz
AvjvPbv nqQ I nQ| GLb Zv ejZ Mj, iex`-AvjvPK fi MQ `k|
Gme AvjvPK I AvjvPbv wbq Avcwb KZUv Avkvev`x?
Aveyj Avnmvb Payix : G-ch iex`bv_ mK KZv eB jLv nqQ Avgvi
KvQ Zvi Kvbv Z_ ev cwimsLvb bB| wK gb nq kcuvPK wKsev KvQvKvwQ
nZ cvi| Avi hw` eB cuvPkv nq Zvnj Zvi cvkY ne ce| Gme wK
Avgiv Abygvb Ki ejwQ| Ijvi ga `Lv hve, AaK eB jLv nqQ
AvKvWwgK cqvRb, Avi AaKi AaK gvb wmwK fvM nQ AbwaKviPPv| Avi
_vK wmwK fvM mB wmwK fvMi fZi Avgiv hw` bvg ai ai ejZ cvwi Zvnj
Avgiv wK `wL, gv KqKRbi bvg Avm| KvRx Ave`yj I`y`, gvqyb Kwei,
ey`e emy, bxnviib ivq, Ab`vki ivq, Avey mqx` AvBqye, kL Nvl GB
KqRbi bvgB gb Avmjv hw` g~jvqbi w`K awi Avi wK! Avi hw` wZPPvi
K_v ewj, Zvnj gqx `ex, wbgjKzgvix gnjvbwek ev cwZgv `exi eBjvi K_v

kvkwZKx-19

kvkwZKx-20

Zv ejZB nq| iex`wZ wbq jLv Aviv KqKwU eB I jLKi K_v Avgvi
ejv DwPr wQj wK GzwY Zgb Avi gb AvmQ bv| AbK eBqi bvg nqZv ev
ev` Pj Mj m Rb gvRbv PvIqv Qvov Avi wK Dcvq! GQvov iex`bv_i Rxebxi
ga cfvZKzgvi gyLvcvavq-Gi iex`Rxebx, ckvKzgvi cvji iweRxebxi K_v
Zv ejZB nq| iex`iPbv msKjb-mv`bvi cywjbwenvix mbi bvg
DPviY KiZ nq| cvwZvwbK chvq wKQy wKQy fvjv eB ewiqQ| UMvi wimvP
BbwwUDU bvg KjKvZvq GKwU cwZvb AvQ| Aviv AvQ me Zv ej kl
Kiv hve bv| Avgv`i `ki K_v hw` ewj Zvnj Lye fvjv KvR Zuvi RbkZel
AavcK Avwbmyvgvbi mv`bvq h eBwU ewiqwQj iex`bv_ bvg mwU, Avwg
gb Kwi GwU GKwU AmvaviY viKM| eQi wekK AvM cwge _K
ewiqwQj mb&Rx`v LvZzbi awb _K KweZv GwUI Lye DjLhvM eB| Zuvi
Avi-GKwU eB iex`msMxZi fvem`| Avgv`i GLvb wePvicwZ gynv`
nvweeyi ingvbi KqKwU eBqi K_v ejZ nq| Avng` iwdK, whwb cwZv KiQb
iex`PPvK`, Zuvi eBjvI DjLhvM| nvqvr gvgy`i K_v ejZ cvwi|
iex`welq wbq Qwoq wQwUq _vKv wewfb ce wbq ewiqQ Avwbmyvgvbi
iex`bv_ : GKvji PvL| gvq~b AvRv`i Aeqm jLv iex`ce : iv I
mgvRwPv eBwUi K_v iY KiZ nq| fvjv eB wK ewk cPvi cvqwb GiKg
wKQy eB AvQ hgb wecixZ mvZ iex`bv_, Avng` gvq~bi GB eBwUi K_v
Lye ewk jvK Rvbb bv| Mvjvg gyiwk`i iex`wek c~ee c~ee iex`PPv
iZc~Y eB| Ave`yk kvKzii iex`welqK eBjvI wekl gbvhvM cvIqvi
hvM| Aveyj dRj, mq` Avjx Avnmvb, gvdvj nvq`vi Payix, Avbvqvi cvkv,
gvnv` gwbivgvb, gbRyi gIjv, mq` AvKig nvmb, Avng` Kwei, gyn`
gwRiDxb wgqv, fu~Bqv BKevj Avgv`i `k iex`PPvi PURjw` GB
bvgjv gb Avm| Gfve ejZ wMq AbK iZc~Y jLKi fvjv eBqi K_v
nqZv ev` co Mjv| iex`PPvq evsjv GKvWgxi f~wgKvi K_vI Avgv`i f~j
Mj Pje bv| Avi Avgv`i GLvb QvqvbU wbtm`n iZc~Y f~wgKv cvjb Ki
PjQ| GQvovI Ggb Aviv wKQy wKQy msMVb Zwi KiQb huviv Zvi ga Kwjg
kivdxi bvg kvi mv_ iY KiZ nq| Avi Avgv`i `k iex`bv_i Mvb huviv
Kib iex`PPvq Zuv`i GKUv eo f~wgKv AvQ| bvUKi K_vI Zv ^xKvi KiZ
nq| iex`mvakZel Kvwj I Kjg-Gi h iex`msLv ewiqQ `yB evsjv wgwjq
ZvK mvgwqKci k cKvkbv ejv hvq|
gvRvd&di nvmb : iex`bv_ h cjxmwgwZ vcbvi K_v ejQb| mB cjxmwgwZ
eZgvb mgqi MvgxY cvcU KZvUv cvmwK ne ej Avcwb gb Kib?
Aveyj Avnmvb Payix : eZgvb cvcUi m wgwjq g~j aviYvUvK Avgiv MnY
KiZ cvwi| bZzb GKUv avivq Avgiv mUvK wbq hZ cvwi| g~j K_v nQ hviv
Mvgi Qj, Mvg wbq wPv Ki, ZvivI Mvg Pb bv| hv`i Rb Mvg ev hv`i
GKcyil ev `ycyil AvMI Mvg evm wQj, Zv`iI Mvg mK Kvbv aviYv bB|
avbMvQi Zv nq wK bv, GiKg Mv cPwjZ AvQ bv? K_v AbKUv mBiKgB|
Uwjwfkb `Ljvg wekwe`vjqi Qv-Qvxiv wewfb GjvKvq wMq avb jvMvQ

gvV KvR KiQ Zv`i AwfZvi K_v ejQ| Mvg ev Pvlevm KlKi myL-`ytL
mK Kvbv aviYvB wQj bv Zv`i| GB cqvmUv Lye iZc~Y| GwU Lye h
hyMvKvix wKQy NUve Zv bv wK hviv Mvg Pbbv, Mvgi KlK Pbbv, Zv`i
Rxebhvv `Lvi myhvM Zviv cvQ Ges Zv`i AwfZvi K_v hLb `ki ki
myweavfvMx gvbyli KvQ cuQvQ, ZLb mUvi Zv AekB GKaibi iZ AvQ|
GKUv wRwbm gb ivLZ ne h, iex`bv_i mgq KlKi i hgb jvj wQj
GLbI Zgwb jvjB AvQ| m mgqi KlKi `ytL Ges ebv AvRKi KlKi
`ytL Ges ebv _K Zv Avi Avjv`v nZ cvi bv aibUv nZ cvi Avjv`v|
Avgv`i `k AbK GbwRI AvQ, AbK wciwMwi Kib| Mwie KvbI wci
AvQb Ggb D`vniY Avgvi Rvbv bB| Avi GbwRI Ki KD eovjvK nqbv
GiKg `vI Avgvi Rvbv bB| Zuviv Dbqbi bvg bvbv Kkj Mvgi `wi`
gvbyli m` AvZmvr Kib Zv`i Mwiei ga Mwie evwbq djb| Zv gb
ivLZ ne h iex`bv_ AvwiKfveB Mvgi Dbqb PqwQjb| KLbv KLbv
nqZv ev Zuvi aviYv wQj DPwfjvlx| gb nZ cvi GUv GKUv KbvceY gbi
evcvi| wK Avgiv hw` GKUz Mfxi Zwjq `wL Zvnj gb ne h iex`bv_ h
mgmvi K_v wPv KiQb mB mgmv Kvbv bv Kvbv fve GLbI iq MQ|
iex`bv_ cjxDbqbi Rb h Kgcv MnY KiwQjb Zv _K Avgiv GKUv
ciYv cZ cvwi| Zuvi `Lvbv c_ ai Avgiv nuvUZ cvwi| ZvgvK GKUv
D`vniY w`q evSvB, GKmgq Kji Mvb ev Mvgvdvb bvg GKUv h wQj, GwU
GwWmb Avwevi KiwQjb| Ges Zuvi Avwevii ci Pvi-cuvPRb AviI AvaywbK
Ki Zvjb ev ejv hvq msvi Ki hwUK AviI KvhKix Ki Zvjb| iex`bv_
cjxDbqbi Rb h KvR KiQb, h fve feQb AvaywbK wPv I chwy i
mnhvM ZvK Avgiv AviI KvhKi Ki ZzjZ cvwi| iex`bv_ gvwUi KvQvKvwQ
wQjb ej Zuvi cjxDbqbi mw`Qv wQj, wbixvagx gb wQj| Avi Avgiv hviv
gvwUi K_v ewj, gvwUi gvbyli K_v ewj Zviv cZviYv Kwi, auvKv w`B| Avgiv gvwUI
wPwb bv, gvbylI wPwb bv| Avgiv kni em avbZi Qwe AuvwK MvgxY wbmMi
Zvwid Kwi| Avgiv kni em evmsMxZ jvjbi Mvb Kwi Avi wb| GB
AvZcZviYv iex`bv_i ga wQj bv| GB Rb iex`bv_ LyeB cvmwK, AZ
cjxDbqb wPvi Rb Avevi cjxi gvbylK Rvbvi RbI|
gvRvd&di nvmb : Avgiv Rvwb, bRij I jvjb Zuv`i Rxebevcx wn`ygymjgvbi HK vcbi Pv Ki MQb| iex`bv_ GB KvRwU KZvLvwb KiQb?
Aveyj Avnmvb Payix : wn`y-gymjgvb HKi Rb GKRb ivRbxwZwe` GKfve
KvR Kieb, GKRb mgvRKgx GKfve KvR Kieb, GKRb agxq ewZ GKfve
KvR Kieb Ges GKRb jLK Avi-GK aib KvR Kieb| Zv jvjb Ges
bRiji K_v GLvb D`vniY wnme ejv nQ| iex`bv_ Zuvi jLvq mvc`vwqK
mcxwZ mK AZ iZc~Y K_v ejQb| Ges wZwb mvc`vwqK AbKi g~j
KviY Abymvbi Pv KiQb| Gi Rbi BwZnvmUv wK, cKw ZUv Kgb Ges wKfve
Gi wbimb nZ cvi iex`bv_i e jLvq GB welqjv GmQ| G
iex`bv_i m jvjb Ges bRiji gwjK cv_K nQ h bRij Ges jvjb

kvkwZKx-21

kvkwZKx-22

Zuv`i Mvb ev mRbkxj iPbvq Gme ejQb| Avi iex`bv_ g~jZ Zuvi gbbkxj
wPvg~jK iPbvi ga w`q wn`y-gymwjg HKi K_v feQb| iex`bv_ gymjgvb
mgvRi cwZ KZvUv gbvhvMx wQjb mwU evSv hvq h wZwb W. gyn` knx`yjvn&
mvneK kvwwbKZbi h U&vw evW Zvi m`m KiwQjb| KvRx Ave`yj I`y`K
wZwb GZvUvB mn KiZb Ges fvjvevmZb mUv ejvi Acv ivL bv| wn`ygymjgvbi weiva GB welq eZv `Iqvi Rb I`y`K wZwb kvwwbKZb AvgY
RvwbqwQjb| 1935 mvji 26,27 I 28 gvP GB wZb w`b GB eZv nq Ges
eqmi fvi byq cov iex`bv_ cwZw`bB GB mfvq DcwZ wQjb| ay ZvB bq, GwU
hLb eB AvKvi ei nq iex`bv_ ZLb Gi QvUv GKwU f~wgKvI wjL w`qwQjb|
iex`bv_i mn, fQv I ciYv gymwjg jLK`i cv_q wQj| KvRx Ave`yj I`y`
_K i Ki RmxgD`&`xb, gyn` gbmyiDxb, e` Avjx wgqv, Ave`yj Kvw`i,
mywdqv Kvgvj, gvngy`v LvZzb wmwKv, mq` gyRZev Avjx, gvqyb Kwei Guiv Zv
mevB iex`bv_i KvQ _K ciYv cqQb iex`bv_i mn, cxwZ, fvjvevmvq
mvZ nqQb| Zuvi AbK jLvq gymjgvb mc`vq mK GgbwK Avgv`i cqM^i
mK ee AvQ Ges wZwb kvi m GB agxq gnvcyilK iY KiQb| Zuvi
GKwU Mvb AvQ, Kvb AvjvK cvYi c`xc Rvwjq aivq Avm| GwU Avgv`i
bexRxi RbwZw_ Dcj iwPZ Ggb K_v kvbv hvq| GUv mwVK wKbv iex`MelKiv
ejZ cvieb|
gvRvd&di nvmb : Avgiv Rvwb, Kwl Dbqbi Rb iex`bv_ cwZmi MvgxY
evsK vcb KiwQjb| z` FYi aviYvI Avgiv Zuvi KvQ _K cvB| eZgvb
MvgxY evsK I cPwjZ z` FY-Gi m iex`bv_i MvgxY evsK I z` FYGi gwjK cv_K Kv_vq ?
Aveyj Avnmvb Payix : iex`bv_ wbt^v_fve cwZmi MvgxY Kwl evsK cwZv
KiwQjb Zuvi bvej cyivii UvKv w`q| iex`bv_i Dk wQj gnr, H h
ejjvg, Pvwl-Mii gnvRbi nvZ ew` bv nIqv| Avi GLb hviv KwlFY `b,
z`FY `b, Guiv Zv mevB eemvqx| hw` nK K_v ejZ nq, iex`bv_ wQjb
mgvR`iw`, mgvRKgx, wZwb MvgxY gvbyli fvM cwieZbi Rb MvgxY evsKi
aviYv wbq Kwl evsK vcb KiwQjb| Avi AvRK GB aibi evsK cwZwZ
nqQ cyivcywi eemvwqK gybvdvi `wKvY _K| Ges `ytLi m ejZ nq, GB
aibi evsK _K FYMnYi ci H Mwie Pvwliv FY kva KiZ bv ci AviI
wbt^ nq MQ| G ch cwimsLvb wbj `Lv hve kZ kZ gvbyl AvZnZv
KiQb, GB be bxjKi`i nvZ _K AevnwZ cvIqvi Kvbv Dcvq wQj bv
ej| GLvbB K_vcm Pj Avm RmxgD`&`xbi GKwU Mvbi K_v| RmxgD`&`xb
PgrKvi me Mvb wjLQb G wbq Kvbv AvjvPbv nq bv| `ywfi Ici Zuvi
GKwU AmvaviY Mvb AvQ evRvb Pj hvB Pj gvV jvj evBZ GwU
AvevmDxbi Mjvq wZwiki `kK GBP.Gg.wf. _K ewiqwQj| Zvi GKUv
cO&w nQ, eD w`qvQ Mjvq `wo fyLi Rvjv mBZ| Zgwb Avgv`i Mvgi gvbyl
hviv y`FY MnY Ki Zviv Mjvq `wo w`Z eva nb fyLi Rvjv mBZ, bv my`i
Rvjv mBZ!

gvRvd&di nvmb : iex`bv_i Rxekvq hw` `yB evsjvi wefvRb NUZv Zvnj
wZwb GB wefvRbK wKfve wbZb ej Avcwb gb Kib?
Aveyj Avnmvb Payix : GUv Zv ejvB evj iex`bv_ KLbI ewefvM Pvbwb|
Zvnj Zv 1905-G iex`bv_K Ni Qo ivRc_ bvgZ nZv bv| `kfvM `Lj
iex`bv_ h `ytL cZb, cwZev` RvbvZb mwU Zv Avgiv Zuvi AvMi cwZwqv
_KB eySZ cvwi| 1905-G hLb ewefvM gb bbwb, 1947 mvj wK Ggb
Awbevh KviY wQj h wZwb GB wefvMK Abygv`b KiZb ?
gvRvd&di nvmb : Avgiv Rvwb, weMZ miKvii Avgj wkjvB`n KzwVevwoi iO
cwieZb Kiv nqQ| G mK Avcbvi cwZwqv wK, RvbZ PvwQjvg|
Aveyj Avnmvb Payix : bv, kvbv, Avgiv Qjejv _K `L AvmwQ h GB
KzwVevwoi iO myiwK iO wKsev Mvp Mvjvwc wQj| GUv KLbB mv`v wKsev mv`vU wQj
bv| Avwg GB evcvi AbK eqmx-gvbyl-huv`i eqm 80/90 Qvwoq MQ, Zuv`i
wRm KiwQ| KD ejb wb KzwVevwoi iO mv`v wQj| wRm Kivi KviYUv njv
msw ZwelqK gYvjq GB iO cwieZbi evcvi Z`i Rb GKUv KwgwU MVb
KiwQj, mB KwgwUi AvnvqK wQjb bRij BbwwUDUi wbevnx cwiPvjK
K_vwkx ikx` nvq`vi| AvgvK Zuv`i m GB evcvi wKQy KvR KiZ nqwQj|
Avwg cexY, cvPxb ek wKQy gvbyli mv_ G evcvi Avjvc Kwi, Zviv 70-80 eQi
ai `LQb h KzwVevwoi iOUv H h ejjvg, myowK iO ev Mvjvwc iO wQj| GB
iOUv cwieZb Kbv Kiv nq Avwg Rvwb bv Ze mUv h feywi cwiPq enb Ki
bv GB K_vUv eywS| GB cwieZb KivUv DwPr nqwb Ges GZ iex`bv_i
wZweRwoZ wkjvB`ni KzwVevwoi HwZn b nqQ| GwU GKwU mvswZK Aciva
ej Avwg gb Kwi| GwU weMZ miKvii Avgj nqQ| Zv GB miKvii Avgj
GZ iZmnKvi hLb Zuviv GB evcvi LuvR-Lei wbjb, GKUv Abymvb KwgwUI
MwVZ njv, Zuviv Zuv`i cwZe`bI w`jb Zvici iex`bv_i mvakZRbel
cwiq MjI KywVevwoZ cKZ iOi cuvP jvMjv bv, GwU AZ `yfvMRbK I
e`bv`vqK| miKvii MiR Kiv DwPr wQj iZ `Iqv KZe wQj|
gvRvd&di nvmb : GB iOi cwieZb hLb Kiv njv, ZLb KvbI cwZev` Kiv nqwb?
Aveyj Avnmvb Payix : AekB nqQ| AbKB KiQb| Avwg wbRI wewfb
wgwWqvq G evcvi K_v ejwQ| Avwg ejwQ, wjLwQ, KvbI dj nqwb|
gvRvd&di nvmb : Avgiv RbwQ, wkjvB`n wekfviZxi Av`j iex`
wekwe`vjq vcb Kiv ne| G welq Avcbvi Abyfw~ Z RvbZ PvwQjvg|
Aveyj Avnmvb Payix : GB welq Avgv`i gvbbxq cavbgx iex`bv_i 149 Zg
RbRqxZ XvKvi Imgvwb wgjbvqZbi Abyvb NvlYv w`qwQjb h, wkjvB`n
iex` wekwe`vjq cwZwZ ne| Gevii mvakZeli AbyvbI wZwb mB NvlYvi
K_vB DjL KiQb| GgbwK RvZxq msm` GK cki DiI wZwb wkjvB`nB
iex` wekwe`vjq ne Ggb ejwQjb| gvbbxq cavbgx hLb ejQb wbqB
iex` wekwe`vjq cwZwZ ne, Ges RvqMvi evcviI wZwb fve DjL
KiQb| wZwb GI DjL Kib, iex`bv_i wZweRwoZ mvRv`cyiI GB

kvkwZKx-23

kvkwZKx-24

wekwe`vjqi GKwU Kvvm _vKe| Zv-Zv _vKZB cvi| GB aibi Kvvm

KjKvZvi iex`fviZx wekwe`vjqi wZb-PviU AvQ RvovmuvKv VvKzievwoZ
AvQ, wewU ivW AvQ, Die bZzb GKUv Pvjy nqQ| ZvB mvRv`cyi Zv mUv
nZB cvi| mBm Avgiv gb Kwi cwZmiI hw` GB wekwe`vjqi GKUv Kwl
Abyl` Kiv nq Zvnj GB wZbwU RvqMv wgwjqB iex` wekwe`vjq c~YZv cve|
Gi m Zv Avevi me Aji gvbyliB Abyf~wZ, AveM Rwoq AvQ Ges mB
AveMK Avwg kv Kwi, mB Abyf~wZK Avwg mvb RvbvB| c~ee iex`wZi h
wfyR Aj mwU GB iex` wekwe`vjq cwZvi ga w`q bZzb ebv cve Ges
iex`wZi Ajjvi ga GKwU AvwZK mK Mo IVvi myhvM wgje|
gvRvd&di nvmb : mvvrKvii GKevi kl chvq Avgiv Pj GmwQ| G
chvq Avwg kvkwZKx mK RvbZ PvwQjvg| kvkwZKxi KqKwU msLv Avcwb
`LQb, kvkwZKx mK Avcbvi AwfgZ wK?
Aveyj Avnmvb Payix : GLvbI iex`bv_K iY KiB ReveUv Avwg w`Z PvB|
iex`bv_ GK RvqMvq ejQb, `ni me i gyL DV Avmvi bvg ^v bq|
Avgiv wK `LwQ, Avgv`i mewKQyB Zv ivRavbxKw`K| XvKvi evBi h RMr
AvQ, gvbyl AvQ Ges KvR Kiv hvq, KvR Ki PjQ gvbyl bvbv m-K_v
hbv myweavfvMx fvMevb gvbyliv ^xKviB KiZ Pvb bv| ZvB ^xKwZi Rb XvKvi
w`K ZvwKq _vKZ nq| kvkwZKx ei nq ivRkvnx _K Ges Avwg hZ`~i Rvwb
h ivRkvnx wekwe`vjqi KqKRb ZiY Qv-Qvx Zv`i ewMZ D`&hvM ei
Ki _vK| h eqmi Qjiv GLb gv`Kvm nQ, mvm I bivRi ga
wbRK Rwoq djQ, hviv Aea A_i mvb QyUQ, mB c_ bv wMq Giv
mswZPPvi KvR KiQ| kvkwZKxi KqKwU msLv Avwg `LwQ, ZvZ ek Avkv
RMQ| ivRkvnx _K ZiY mswZmexiv h D`&hvM wbqQ wbv I j _vKj
mB cqvm GKw`b mv_K ne, mdj ne| h KwU msLv Avwg `LwQ Zvi ga
GKwU msLvi K_v AvgvK DjL KiZB nq, mwU kvkwZKxi jvKmswZ welq
GKwU wekl msLv| GK K_vq ejv Pj h GwU Lye PvL aivi gZv GKwU KvR|
Aek Avwg GKUz wPwZI kvkwZKxi fwelZi evcvi| GB ZiYiv hLb
covbv kl Ki Rxeb-RxweKvi KvR bvbv w`K Qwoq-wQwUq coe, ZLbI wK
kvkwZKx ei ne? hvZ ei nq mB iKg GKUv aviv Zwi Kiv `iKvi|
kvkwZKxi Rb Avgvi AbK fQv I Awfb`b|
gvRvd&di nvmb : mvi, AvgvK Avcbvi g~jevb mgq `Iqvi Rb AmsL
abev`| Kvgbv Kwi, Avcwb `xN Kggq I my Rxebi AwaKvix nvb|
Aveyj Avnmvb Payix : gvRvd&di, Zzwg ivRkvnx _K K Ki Gm Avgvi GB
Gjvgjv K_v bj Ges Zv h aviY Kij Zvi Rb Avwg ZvgvK abev`
RvbvB| Zvgvi ah I kgi cksmv KiZ nq| Zvgvi Ges kvkwZKx cwievii
gj Kvgbv Kwi|

kvkwZKx-25

iex`bv_i KvwZ wQj ^vaxbZvi wfZi ^vaxbZv

Ave`yk kvKzi-Gi mvvrKvi

Ave`yk kvKzii Rb 25k deqvwi 1941
mvj, bvqvLvjx Rjvi myavivg _vbvi
ivgkicyi Mvg| KgRxeb, c_g
wekwe`vjq BsiwR mvwnZ Aavcbv, ci
cvwKvbi wmwfj mvwfm hvM`vb Kib|
Ges evsjv`ki miKvii mwPe wnmve
Aemi MnY Kib| covbv Kib wewea
welq I bvbvb fvlvq| jLb M, Dcbvm,
bvUK, iPbv, ce, wZK_v BZvw`|
1979 mvj evsjv GKvWgx cyivi cvb QvUMi Rb| 2003 mvj cwge
_K cvb Awgqf~lY cyivi| 1410 mb MvjvcmsMni Rb cvb c_g Avjv
elmiv eB cyivi| mgM mvwnZKgi Rb Aj mvwnZ cyivi cvb 2008
mvj| MM, bvUK I Dcbvmi cvkvcvwk cKvwkZ nqQ gnvgwng iex`bv_,
ciivnxb iex`bv_, iex`bv_K hZUzKz Rvwb, msMxZ mswer, evOvjxi gywi
Mvb BZvw` ceM|

iex`msLvi Rb Ave`yk kvKzi-Gi GB mvvrKviwU Avwg B-gBji gvag

MnY KiwQ| gvRvd&di nvmb|
gvRvd&di nvmb : evvjx gvB ivexw`K K_vwUi mv_ Avcwb KZUv mngZ
cvlY Kib ?
Ave`yk kvKzi : K_vUv ejv nq _vK K_vi K_v wnme, AvwgI ej _vwK| wK
KvRi K_v wnme K_vwUi m Avwg we`ygv mngZ bB| KviY, mngZ nj
evsjv`ki MYgvbyl, wekl Ki Mvgevsjvi RbmvaviY, evOvwj _vKb bv| Kbbv
Zuviv ivexw`K Zv bbB iex`bv_K Rvbb bv, GgbwK PbbI bv| ZvI
Avgv`i gZv iex`-jLK`i `vlB| iex`bv_K Zuvi mvgwMK wPvPZbv,
avbaviYv I w`Kwb`kbvmn Dcvcbvi gvag eni evOvwjmgvRi `bw`b
Rxeb cvmwK Ki ZzjZ cvwiwb Avgiv| Zuvi ^`kPZbv, ivRbxwZ-wPv,
^vaxbZvfvebv, Mvgfvebv Ges cwiekfvebvi m RbmvaviYK mycwiwPZ Ki
Zvjv nqwb| Avgiv bMievmxivI iex`bv_i Mvgvbqb-gvbevbqbgyLx Kgavivq
hvM bv w`q Kej Zuvi kveKve I `kKve h_v Mvb Avi bvPi Avb`avivq
KvjvnjgyLi _vKvKB ivexw`K nIqv vb KiwQ| A_vr mvab KgxK Gwoq
Kej PviY KweK wbqB gZwQ| fzjwQ h wZwb hyMcr Kwei I KweKgx| L
iex`bv_K bq, AL iex`bv_K Rxebi mx Ki wbZ cvijB Kej evOvwjK
h_v A_ ivexw`K ejv hve|
kvkwZKx-26

gv. nv. : Avcwb ivRkvnx iex` cwil`i AvqvwRZ GK Abyvb eZv c`vbKvj
ejwQjb, iex`bv_i c_gw`KKvi Mvbwj AveM ev fvevwkZ Ges kli w`KKvi
Mvbwj nQ icvwkZ| Avgiv Rvwb, Avcwb GKRb mxZ Ges msMxZwkxI eU|
ZvB welqwUK Avi GKUz wevwiZfve Avcbvi KvQ _K bZ PvwQjvg|
Av. kv. : iex`bv_i Mvbi m~Yic cwiYZ chvq aiv nq Zuvi KvRviRxebi kl cewUK (1921-1941)| G-cewUK ZvwKMY ejb fve`vZK I
iccKvkK ivMivwMYx I Kveimi AviK aibi Mv-hgybv mg| msMxZRix
a~RwUcmv` ejb, G-chvqi Mvbwj m~Y Bm&_wUK wKsev icvKzj| GKB K_v
Bw`iv `ex PayivbxI ejQb Zuvi iex`wZZ : AbK Zuvi c_g eqmi Mvb
ewk cQ` Kib, Zvi fvlv I fve mij ggkx ej| wZwb wbR AvgvK ejQb
Avgvi AvMKvi Mvbwj Bgvkbvj, GLbKviwj Bm&_wUK&|
K_vUvi Gvi cgvY wgje MxZweZvbi wewP ce msKwjZ wewfb FZz-Ai
ewea Mvb, weklZ AvbyvwbK-kxlK mxZ| kl cei wek eQi Kwe fvei
Mvbi Nvi KvwUq ici Mvbi jxjvq wefvi wQjb| KwewPi Bgvkb _K
BgvwRbkbi w`K, A_vr `qew _K eywewi w`K, AMMwZ Aek A Dwbk
kZK _KB j Kiv hvwQj| 1897 mvj iwPZ Kb evRvI MvbwUi D`vniY
w`q 1935 mvj iex`bv_ a~RwUcmv`K wjLQb :
c_g eqm Avwg `qfve cKvk Kievi Pv KiwQ Mvb, Avkv Kwi mUv KvwUq DVwQ
ci| cwiYZ eqmi Mvb fve-evrjvevi Rb bq, ic `evi Rb| Zrmswk KvewjI
AwaKvskB ici evnb| Kb evRvI KuvKb KbKb KZ Qjfi GZ hv cKvk cvQ Zv
Kbvi icjxjv| fvecKvk ew_Z `qi cqvRb AvQ, iccKvk AnZzK| gvjKvli
PZvj hLb wb ZvZ Kvbvnvwmi mK `wL b, ZvZ `wL MxZici MxiZv|

gv. nv. : Avcwb GKRb K_vmvwnwZK wnmve evsjv K_vmvwnZ iex`bv_i

Zzjbvg~jK AevbUv Kgb ne ej gb Kib ?
Av. kv. : K_vmvwnZ iex`bv_i Zzjbvg~jK Aevb GLbv ch AbwZv|
fwelZI Ggwb AbwZg _vKe wKbv Zv nqZv GLwb ejv hve bv| Ze Zuvi
MQi AbK M, Dcbvm Mviv Ges ewMZ cevewji cvq meB evsjv fvlv
I mvwnZ exclusive class ev ^Z kwYZ-h wPiKvjB weivR Kie mK_v GLwb
ejv hvq| Avwg GLwb Aviv ejZ PvBev h Dj DBU, wnDgvi, PgKc`
KbvF icK, mmvwiZ Dcgvmg nvmKZzKi wkxZj Avb`avivq
cengvb me`v mev imvxY M`wkxi Avmi iex`bv_ VvKzii gZv wekl
DrKlej mevrK wkx Avi KD Avmeb bv ejB gb nq|
gv. nv. : bvix wkv, evj weevn I weaev weevn bvix welqK GB wZbwU ck
iex`bv_i wPv-PZbvi mv_ Zuvi cvwievwiK Rxeb A_vr practice-Gi Kvb
^-weivwaZv wQj wK-bv ?
Av. kv. : wQj| welqwU wevwiZ ejv `iKvi| h-iex`bv_ jLvq I eZvq Ggb
cMwZkxj, bvixev`x Ges mgvRmPZb GKRb evi fveg~wZ Mo Zvjb, wZwb
Kgb Ki Zuvi wZb Kbvi evjweevn w`Z cvib Agb wbggfve? Kwe eov gq
gvayixjZv Iid ejvi (1886-1918) hLb weq `b, ZLb Zuvi eqm gv Pv
kvkwZKx-27

eQi| gRv gq iYyKv Iid ivYxi (1891-1903) weq `b gv mvo `k eQi

eqm| QvUv gq AZmxjZv Iid gxivi (1894-1969) weq `b eqm Pv cvi
nZB| iex`RxebxKvi cfvZKzgvi gyLvcvavq wjLQb : iex`bv_ GZKvj
evjweevni wei M` c` e iPbv wjwLqv Aekl ^qs mB wRwbmUv mg_b Kwijb
Kx Kwiqv evYx I Rxebi ga G AmsMwZ Kb, Zvnvi m`yi bvB| (c. 34, wZxq L,
iex`Rxebx, wekfviZx, 1999)|
iweRxebxKvi ckKzgvi cvj wjLQb : P eQiiI Kgeqmx gvayixjZvi weevni Rb
iex`bv_i e nIqvZ Avheva bv Ki cviv hvq bv|...Kej Kwe bq, evOvwj mgvR Zuvi
fwgKv wQj wPvbvqKi| ZvB ew^v_ Zuvi mvgvwRK fwgKv weiYi BwZewU wKwr
A^wKi| (c. 290, iweRxebx, PZz_ L, Avb` cvewjkvm, KjKvZv, 2001)|

h-evsjv _K bvixRvMiYi nvIqv ZLb mviv fviZel gk Qwoq coQ mB

evsjvq, wekl Ki KjKvZv I mwbwnZ Aj, m-bvixgywwPvi nvIqvi eM
Zzjbvg~jKfve ewk nIqvB ^vfvweK| A_P RvovmuvKvi VvKzicwievi iex`bv_i
wnmvq m-cfvei jkgv bB| Abvb wnmvq wK ek AvQ| KweKbv ejvi
13 eQii eo mywkvcvv fvwZwR Bw`iv `exi (1873-1960) weq nq 26 eQi
eqm| ejvi 14 eQii eo Kwei fvMwb mijv `exi (1872-1945) weq nq 33
eQi eqm| wZwb VvKzievwoZ kke KvwUq e_yb zj fwZ nq Kwe Kvwgbx ivq,
jwW Aejv emy cgy Li mv_x nb, 1886 mvj GUv I 1890 mvj BsiwRZ
Abvmmn weG cvk Ki ^Yc`K cvb| Zuv`i wcZv`i Avq ewk wQj ejvi gvb
`uvove Kej UvKvi AfveB iex`bv_ Zuvi Kbv`i wkvi e`j evjweevn w`Z
eva nqwQjb| GUv avc wUKe bv, eis nvwmi D`K Kie|
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nvZ `Iqv nj GKB mgq| iex`bv_ cy i_x`bv_K GK wPwVZ jLb :
evjcyi GKUv avbfvbv Kj PjP mB iKg GKUv Kj GLvb (cwZmi) AvbZ cvij wekl
KvR jvMe|...GLvbKvi Pvlx`i Kvb& industry kLvbv hZ cvi mB K_v fvewQjyg| GLvb
avb Qvov Avi wKQy Rbvq bv| G`i _vKevi ga Kej k GuUj gvwU AvQ| Avwg RvbZ PvB
Pottary wRwbmUvK Cottage industry-ic MY Kiv Pj wKbv| GKevi Lei wbq `wLm
QvULvU furnace Avwbq GK Mvgi jvK wgj G KvR Pvjvbv meci wKbv|
AviKUv wRwbm AvQ QvZv Zwi KiZ kLvbv| m iKg kLvevi jvK hw` cvIqv hvq
Zvnj wkjvB`n Aj GB KvRUv Pvjvbv hZ cvi| bM` ejwQj Lvjv Zwi KiZ
cvi Ggb Kzgvi GLvb AvbZ cvij wei DcKvi nq| jvK wUbi Qv` w`Z Pvq ci
IV bv Lvjv cj myweav nq|

`qvjy Rwg`vi mvRvi e`j ^vej^x cRv evbvevi eevcbvq D`vMx Rwg`vi
iex`bv_i cRvmvaviYi mvgvwRK AwZi mvweK w`K gbvhvM `evi cwqvq
mvwjwki w`KI bRi coj| wZwb cRv`i wbR^ wePvi eev Pvjy Ki w`jb| Zuvi
Avgj Rwg`vwii ga Kvbv weev` wbq cRviv Av`vjZ hZ bv|
cZK Mvgi jvKiv Zuv`i wfZi _K GKRbK cavb gbvbxZ KiZb| IB
MvgcavbivB ci Avevi ciMYvi me cavb`i ga _K cuvPRbK gbvbxZ
KiZb| Zuv`i ejv nZ ccavb| weev` I weiva ccavbivB wgwUq w`Zb|
kl Avcxj iex`bv_i KvQ| GB wePvi Am nq Kvbv c Av`vjZ bvwjk
Kij Mvgi jvKiv ZuvK mgvRPzZ Ki w`Zb| iex`bv_ cewZZ GB wePvi
eevq gvgjvi Kvbv LiP jvMZ bv, wePvi wej^I nZ bv| GB eev KvjxMvg
ciMYvq iex`cq vYi ciI `kwefvM chB Pvjy wQj|
Zvnj `Lv hvq h MvgcvqZ c_v ceZbiI c~em
w~ i mgvRZvwK iex`bv_,
ivRbxwZK dRjyj nK I RvwZ emy cgyL Zuvi `~ieZx I my`i~ eZx Dim~wigv|
mgevq mK iex`bv_i AvMnI Zuvi Kg Rxebi mB Avw` hyMi| wZwb cwivi
ejwQjb, MvgK euvPvZ nj mgevqbxwZ Qvov Avgv`i Dcvq bB| HKwK Pvl
m^I cw_KZi Ae`vb iex`bv_i, whwb cwZmi mB 1905 mvjB Kwl evsK
vcb Kib mgevqbxwZ evevqbK| wZwb `Ljb, gnvRb`i KvQ _K Pvlx`i
gy KiZ bv cvij `ki `yMw Z `~i ne bv|
cmZ DjL h iex`bv_i mgevq-Av`vjbi j wQj Kwl HKwK Pvl
wbwZ Kiv miKvwi mnvqZvq mgevq-evsK _K Pvlx`i ay UvKv `qv bq|
GKB KviY 1901 mvj _K GLb chB miKvwi mgevqx ZrciZv jvMvZvi
e_Zvi Aci bvgB iq Mj|
Kwl ev KzwUiwki Rb h g~jab `iKvi Zv MvgxY z` Pvlxiv Kvbw`bB msMn
KiZ cvie bv| Pvlx`i A my` FY w`Z ZvB Lvjv nj cwZmi Kwl evsK,
kvkwZKx-34

ezeve`i KvQ _K UvKv avi Ki| bvej cvBR wZwb h GK j wek nvRvi
UvKv cvb ZvI Xvjv nq GB evsK| GB evsKi FY cRv`i `viY DcKvi nq|
A KqK eQii gaB Zviv gnvRbi `bv kva Ki| KvjxMvg _K gnvRbiv
eemv wUq Ab Pj hvq| GB evsK PjwQj cyiv Kzwo eQi|
jYxq h G-evcviI mgvRwevbx iex`bv_ wQjb cw_Kr wKsev AMcw_K, Zuvi
AvU `kK cii Dim~wi njb bvejRqx Wi BDb~m|
evsKi AbK AvMB iex`bv_ Pvjy Kib AwZkq Zvrchc~Y GK eemv 1895
mvj Kzwqvq vwcZ nq UvMvi Av Kvs| GB VvKzi Kvvwb bvh g~j
Pvlx`i avb I cvU wKb evRvi wecYbi `vwqZ bq| mivmwi wecYb Ag
cv_wgK Drcv`K`i bvqmZ cYg~j cvIqvi eev^ic GUv wQj GKUv AZxe
iZc~Y I `~i`wmb D`vM| Rwg`vi iex`bv_ Avwef~Z njb Zuvi Pvlv-fylv
cRv`i Avq evovbvi cvwZvwbK eevcKic| mUv wQj Zuvi cjxgj mvabK
GK gnZx cqvm|
mgvRi mvgwMK gjKvhi aviv mK AZzj mbK Kwe GK c wjLQb :
KvRi m m GKwU Avb`i myi evRvBqv ZzwjZ nBe| Avgv`i Mvgi Rxebhvv eovB
wbivb` nBqv cwoqvQ| cvYi Zv `~i Kiv PvB| wnZvbyvbwjK h_vme Drme cwiYZ
Kwievi Pv Kwiqv| ermi GKw`b eivcY Drme Kwie| ekvLi kl Kvbv GKw`b
Bzji QywU w`qv me Qj`i ebfvRb I eivcY Kwievi AvqvRb Kwij fvj nq| ivv
cfwZi KvR Avi Kwievi c_g w`bUvq GKUz Drmei fve _vwKj Gjv agKgi Pnviv
cvBe| AviKwU K_v gb ivLv PvB| Pvlx Mn`i gb dzjMvQi mL ceZb KwiZ cvwij
DcKvi nBe| cZK KzwUii AvwObvq `yB-PvwiwU ejdzj, Mvjvc dzji MvQ jvMvBZ cvwij
Mvgwj my`i nBqv DwVe| `k GB m`hi PPv AZvekK GK_v fywjj Pwje bv|

nZ`wi` cjxevmx`i `vwqZkxj Ges ^vej^x Ki Zzj mZKvi Mvgvbqbi GB

iex` gWjwU AvRv evevqbi Acvq co AvQ|
gv. nv. : bZzb w`M cwKvq iex`bv_i wPivqx Mvjg` kxlK wkivbvg
cKvwkZ Avcbvi ce Avgiv iex`bv_K GKRb mvaviY gvbyli gZB wUc~Y
gvbyl wnmve RvbZ cvwi| G-welq Avcbvi ge wK ?
Av. kv. : cewUZ Avwg ejZ PqwQ i`e njI `eZv wQjb bv iex`bv_,
wZwb wQjb gvbylB| gvbyl _vKv gvb fyj Kiv _K gy bv-_vKv| KviY fzj Kiv gvbyli
msvi eybUi fZiB AweQ`fve Muv_v to err is human| G KviYB AvZmshgi
gvbylx g~wZ nIqv mI Rxeb AbK fzjB KiQb iex`bv_| Ki kvaivbIwb wKQz
fzj| ai `bwb Zuvi Kvbv mycwZ cwiKiI, Kwei fveg~wZ zY ne fe| Zuvi
Zgwb AgvRbxq GKwU fzj wQj BDivc fviZeli c_g wcGBP. wW. wWwM Ges
cdmii c` ARbi gvag `ki fveg~wZ Dj Kiv wbKUvZxq Wi wbwkKv
Pvcvavqi (1852-1910) eywRweK Pwinbb (AekB AbeavbekZ)|
m-Aeavb cwiKiMYI fzjwUK mhZ jvjb Ki MQb, i`ei fveg~wZ zY ne
ej (Avgiv gb Kwi, Kviv fveg~wZ iv Kiv BwZnvmi KvR bq)| A_P 1901
mvji 22 wWm^i kvwwbKZb ePhvkg we`vjqwU cwZwZ nIqvi ciciB

kvkwZKx-35

zjwUi wkK eeve Dcvavqi (1861-1907) wb`k Qviv i`e m^vab

i Kij iex`bv_ c_g weeZ Ges ciI `xNKvj hver wavw^Z eva KiwQjb|
KviY wZwb RvbZb, GZ Zuvi gvbylx fveg~wZ zY ne GgbwK ZuvK c~Rv KivI
i nq hZ cvi| gvbyl nIqv Ges gvbyl _vKvB h Kweii cig Aviva wQj,
Zvi cgvY mKj agi ga w`q wMq mekl Kwe gvbeagB `xv wbqwQjb|
Avwg ZvB AvjvP cewUi A ejwQ h Avgiv i`ei wkl bB, Kweii
f| Avi fi KvR nj mi fveQwe wbgj ivLv|
gv. nv. : iex`bv_i Kwl fvebvi iZc~Y w`K Kvbjv ?
Av. kv. : AZxe iZc~Y G ckwU wevwiZ Di `vwe Ki, hnZz iex`bv_i Kwl
fvebvi iZc~Y w`Kjv AbymZ
nqwb ej evsjv`ki Kwlmn Mvgvbqb AvRv
ch KvwLZ i cuQZ cviwb| AvRKi mvi-exR-cvwb Ges mgevq-bxwZmn
mKj KwlfvebviB wZwb wQjb cw_Kr wKsev AMcw_K|
iex`bv_ Rwg`vwi cwi`kbi fvi cvb 1890 mvj| mdj wkvbwewki ci
cvIqvi Ad GUwbi gvag wcZvi KvQ _K mgM mw iYveYi megq
KZZ
cvb 1896 mvj| Rwg`vwii gvbRvwiZI Kwe c~em
wy i`i nuvUv-ivv Qo
GMvjb c_v fvOvi KwVb ivvq, Zuvi Ici b `vwqZi AwZwi ek wKQy KiYxq
Kgi mvabK; mvRvK_vq Mvg msMVbi gvag cjxgj mvabi gvbm|
wZwb wbR abKvgx Rwg`vi cwievi Rb MnY KiI ejZ ciwQjb : abi ag
Amvg| abKvgx wbRi MiR `vwi` mw Kwiqv _vK| m-`vwi` Pig ic cwiMn
Ki Mvgevsjvq|
1906 mvj Kwlwe`v I Mvwe`v kLvZ wZwb cy i_x`bv_ VvKzi I ezcy
mvlP` gRyg`viK cvVvjb AvgwiKvi Bwjbq wekwe`vjq| 1907 mvj Kwbv
Kbv gxivi weevni ci RvgvZv bM`bv_ MvyjxI we`k cwiZ nb Kwlwe`v covi
Rb| h-hyM mvb`i AvB. wm. Gm ev evwivi evbvbv abx evOvwj cwievii
GKgv j wQj, m-mgq RbK abx Rwg`vii cy, RvgvZv I ezcy K Pvlvev`
wkLZ we`k cvVvbvi gZv GKUv wecevZK wmv MnY I evevqb GKgv
iex`bv_i gZv GKRb `vqe ^`kfveyKi cB me nqwQj|
ewZgagx GB D`vMwUi cQb KvR KiQ Mvgevsjvi RbmvaviYi DbwZweavb
Ges evwbK c_vq Pvl I dmj wbq cixv-wbixvi ZvwM`| 1909 mvj
i_x`bv_iv we`k _K wdi Kwei Zveavb i Kib evwbK c_vq Pvl mvi,
exR, mP BZvw`i eenvimsewjZ| AvR h-cvq mviv Dcgnv`k Pvlevm Kiv nq
m-cwqv iex`bv_ i Kib kZel c~e| KvbviKg WvgvWvj ewZiK
mZKvi bxie wece wQj IUv AvRKi gZv Pvbj-PxrKZ bxie wece bq|
wkjvB`ni KzwVevwo msjM 80 weNv Lvm RwgZ Pvjy nq my`i~ fwelrgyLx mB
AvaywbK Kwl Lvgvi, hvi Av`j cyiv MvgB Mo DVe Gi ivKeP mgevqx Lvgvi|
1921 mvj wekfviZxi cwZv, kvwwbKZb| cii eQi cvkB Gi cwic~iK
cwZvb kxwbKZbi mw| cjx-msMVbi AbK cwiKbv cwZmi _K vbvwiZ
nj kxwbKZb| Gj&gnv mvne I Kvjxgvnb Nvl wbjb Zvi fvi| jYxq h,

kvkwZKx-36

1922 mvj iex`bv_ klevi hvb wkjvB`n| m eQiB evjcyi i nq

kxwbKZbi bZzb Kgh| Rwg`vwi cwiPvjbvi m m cjx msMVbi Avw`ce
evsjv`ki giv MvO Avw` RvqviwU GbwQjb iex`bv_B|
Rwg`vwii Kvh Mvg| mev_ ki iex`bv_ m~Y KZZ cq mLvb wMq
c_gB MvgK h_vh_fve wPb bb GKRb wbiveM mgvRwevbxi cheY| mB
Pbv mvweKfveB gwjK Ges weqKiiKg mvgwMK|
gv. nv. : Avgv`i `ki ivRbxwZwe` I mvaviY gvbyl`i AvZmPZb I Mfxi
Rxebevamb nIqvi Rb iex`bv_K Rvbv I cvV Kiv KZUv iZc~Y ej
Avcwb gb Kib ?
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PbbB bv, Rvbv Zv `~ii K_v| wZwb ivRbxwZK wQjb bv GUvB hb fvmZ _vK
Avgv`i gbi c`vi dzURi c_g jvBb| wZxq jvBb _vK Zuvi wkRxeb
KvwUqQb wZwb Kej Dcwbl`, cg, cKwZ, mxgv Avi Amxgi cfzK wbq| `ywU
msev`B fzj| KviY Kvbv ivRbwZK `ji m hy bv-njI iex`bv_ AbK
mvgwqK Av`vjbi m Zv wQjbB, Kkvi _K AvgZzB wQjb RvwZK I
AvRvwZK ivRbxwZi Zx A`wmb cheK I Zxe Awfewmg weklK|
Dwbk kZKi klfvM wQj GK Dvg mvvRwevii Kvj| ZLb b, cZzMvj,
njv, WbgvK, Bsjv, dv, Rvgvwb, ivwkqv cfwZ BDivcxq mvvRev`x `k
AvgwiKv, Gwkqv Ges AvwdKvq Avcb-Avcb JcwbewkK mvvR wevii Rb
Aweivg hyweMn wj wQj| m AvMvmb wewUki cavb NuvwU wQj fviZel, hLvb
_K Pxb Ges mgM `wY-c~e Gwkqvq Zvi mvvR I evwYRcmvii Awfhvb Pvjbv
KiwQj m, hvi eqfvi RvMvZ fviZevmxi gyL _K wdbwK w`q i QzUwQj|
mvvRev`i wekRvov GB Db `vbweKZv I cvkweKZvi wei G`k c_g
cwZev` awbZ nqwQj 16 eQi eqmx evjKKwe iex`bv_i Kwe KvwnbxZB :
wK `viY Akvw G gbylRMZ/ icvZ, AZvPvi, cvc Kvjvnj/ w`ZQ gvbegb
wel wgkvBqv!/ KZ KvwU KvwU jvK, AKvivMvi/ AaxbZvkLjZ Ave nBqv/
fwiQ ^Mi KY KvZi `b,.../ KZ `k KwiZQ kkvb AiY, / KvwU KvwU
gvbei kvw ^vaxbZv/ igqc`vNvZ w`ZQ fvwqv,/ ZeyI gvbyl ewj Me Ki
Zviv/ Zey Zviv mf ewj Ki Anvi! (APwjZ, c_g L)|

DjLhvM h, 22 eQi eqmx iex`bv_B mec_g `ki gWviU bZZi BsiwR

eZvwejvmx Ave`b-wbe`b-wbfi evKme^ ivRbxwZi wei Zxe cwZev` Rvwbq
fviZx' cwKvq cici KqKwU ce jLb 1289 mvji P _K 1290 mvji
P ch PuwPq ejv, wRnv-Avvjb, bvkbvj d, Ubnj Zvgvmv, nvZ
Kjg, AKvjKzv|
bvkbvj d kxlK iZc~Y iPbvwUZ Kwe `ki Pjgvb wkvmgmvi
mgvavbK Rvivjv cve ivLb| wkv ejZ Kwe cavbZ RbwkvB eySZb
gywgq Kvqgx ^v_fvMx kwYi Qjgq`i wkv bq, hv`i Bswjk-wgwWqvg

kvkwZKx-37

zj covevi Rb AwffveK`i ga GKUv bviRbK DbZv `Lv w`qwQj (m

DbZv 130 eQi ci GLb Aviv eY eoQ 16 KvwU MvgxY gvbyli GB `wi`
evsjv`k)| hyeKKwe ejjb BsivRxZ wkv KLbB `ki me QovBZ cvwie
bv| AZGe `kgq Qwoq w`Z ne gvZfvlvi ewe`vjq|
gZz i gv `ygvm AvM iex`bv_ ivMkhv _K wewUk mvgvRev`i mvdvBMvwqKv
wgm iv_evbi Dk frmbv-ee PvjKi Z_i DjL KiwQjb :
hw` awiqv jIqv nq h, BsivRx fvlv Qvov Avgv`i vbvjvK cvBevi Ab c_ bvB, Ze
Kb mB Bsjxq wPvavivi Drm nBZ AvK evwi cvb Kwievi dj `yB kZvxevcx
wewUk kvmbi ci 1931 mvj Avgiv `wLZ cvB, fviZi mgM RbmsLvi gv GKRb
BsivRx fvlvq wjLb cVbg (literate) nBqvQ| Abw`K, ivwkqvq gv 15 ermii
mvwfqU kvmbi dj 1932 mvj mvwfqU BDwbqbi kZKiv 98wU evjKevwjKv
wkvjvf KwiqvQ (GB msLvwj BsiR cKvwkZ Umgvb Bqvi eyK nBZ DZ)| GB
ewni ivwkqvi AbyK j ccvZv nBevi mvebv bvB|

BsiwR wkv wbq mKvji mB wevw Avgv`i iv-cwiPvjK`i KivwU _K

GLbv `~i nqwb| GLbv Zvuiv MYwkvi wPv fzj gywgq Kvqgx ^v_fvMx kwYi
Qjgq`i wkveev wbqB ewk e|
mvabv cwKv mv`bv KvjB 1298 mvj AvgwiKvi mgvRwP Ges
AvgwiKvbi i-wccvmv-kxlK `ywU iZc~Y iPbv cKvwkZ nq, hvZ Kwe gvwKb
mgvR I mfZv mK Zx chvjvPbv I KVvi ge KiQb| c_g iPbvwUZ
wZwb wjLQb : gvwKb cyil I gwnjv mgvR Kv_vI Zuv`i gbb I Mfxi wPv
Ges wi msw Z mPZbZvi jY `Lv hvq bv| wZxq iPbvq Kwe gvwKbx`i
ivRbxwZK I mvswZK Rxebi h Qwe AuvKjb, Zv hgbB exfrm Zgwb
bviRbK| gvwKb Kwe jvqji GKwU Dwi DjL Ki iex`bv_ wjLQb :
weLvZ AvgwiKvb Kwe jvqj Zuvi Kvb KweZvq wjLQb, AvgwiKvi `wY _K Di
mxgv ch wevwiZ enr RvwZwU ii M fvjevm| GKRb BsivR jLK bf^i gvmi
KUvivwi wiwfqy cwKvq GB K_vi mv w`qvQb|
Dcmsnvi Kwe wjLQb : gbyl RvwZi ga GKwU wel AvQ, hLb GK RvwZ Avi GK
RvwZK Avnvi KwiZ em ZLb f RvwZ gi Ges fK RvwZi kixiI wel cek Ki|
AvgwiKvb`iI ii ga wel MQ|

A_P AvRv Avgv`i `ki ivRbwZK, mvswZK Ges eywRweK bZZ gvwKbx`i
jRyoew I c`jnbcew cwinvi Ki ^vaxb we`kbxwZ cYqbi AvwiK cPv
PvjvZ cZ
bq|
gZz i wZbgvm AvM jLv mfZvi mU cewUZ iex`bv_ gbylZweasmx eyRvqv
mfZv I msw ZK evwZj ejB NvlYv KiQb| GiB ga dvwm mvm Zvgvg
wekK Mvm KiZ D`Z nqQ| dvwmev` mvwfqZK asm Kie G evcvi
mvvRev`xiv wbwZ wQj ej wnUjvi cm Avcmg~jK bxwZ MnY KiwQj| AuvZ
Nv jvMZB fq cq _gK Mj|
iex`bv_ wavnxbwP mvvRev`x`i dvwmev` ZvlYi bxwZK wZiZ
KiI
weki Rb Av wec`ic wPwZ Kijb dvwmev`KB (mB kbvwKiY Kgb
wbfj
y wQj, mUv evSv hvq MYcRvZx evsjv`ki MYZvwK miKviwji
kvkwZKx-38

dvwmev`x wqvKjvci Kjei `L)| mvwfqZ Avv nZB iex`bv_i mg

wPeM QzU Mj Avv mvwfqZi c~Y mg_b|
mviK_v iex`bv_i RxebcfvZ mvvRev`weivax Ges Rxebmvq dvwmev`weivax
iPbvewj hyMi RyM eZgvb weZ gb njI fwelZ wPiZB _vKe| AZGe
Avgv`i AvZmPZb Ges mZKvi MYZceY nIqvi Rb ivRbxwZK I mgvRZvwK
iex`bv_K Mfxi cwYavb mnKvi Aaqb cqvRb|
gv. nv. : AbK ejb iex`bv_ AZvPvix Rwg`vi wQjb, Avevi AbK ejb
iex`bv_ cRvi cwZ m`v gjKvgx Rwg`vi wQjb| Avmj KvbUv mZ ?
Av. kv. : wek kZKi c_g `kKi iZ iex`-wb`yK Mvxi mvweK KzrmvcPvi
hLb Zz, ZLb AZvPvix Rwg`vi K_vUvI QwoqwQj Zviv| wj dg AvB. wm.
Gm Awdmvi I gb^x jLK Ab`vki ivq wki `kK bIMuvi gnKzgv-ckvmK
_vKvKvjxb Zuvi ckvmbvaxb KvjxMvg ciMbvq evcK LuvRLei wbq wjLQb h
mLvbKvi cRveve Rwg`vi wnme iex`bv_ wQjb Zzjbvwenxb|
1937 mvji RyjvB gvm cwZmi Kwei kl gYi mgq cyYvn cvwjZ nq| mAbyvb wcq Rwg`viK e eQi ci `L cRv`i eyK-fRvbv Akaviv Ab`vkiK
Mfxifve k KiwQj| eZ e c~e 1916 mvjB ivRkvnx RjvMRUxqvi-mv`K
Gj. Gm. Gm. I-gvj, AvB. wm. Gm GK c~Yv weeiY w`q RvwbqQb Kwe Zuvi
Rwg`vwi GUK wK iKg Iqjdqvi GU cwiYZ KiwQjb :
'It must not be imagined that a powerful landord is always oppressive and uncharitable. A
striking instance to the contrary is given in the Settlement Officer's account of the estate
of Rabindranath Tagore, the Bengali poet, whose fame is world-wide. It is clear that to
poetical genius he adds practical and beneficial ideas of estate management, which should
be an example to the local Zamindars.
A very favourable example of estate government is shown in the property of the poet, Sir
Rabindranath Tagore. The proprietors brook no rivals. Sub-infeudation within the estate is
forbidden, raiyats are not allowed to sublet on pain of ejectment. There are three divisions
of the estate, each under a Sub-manager with a staff of tahsildars, whose accounts are
strictly supervised. Half of the Dakhilas are checked by an officer of the head office.
Employees are expected to deal fairly with the raiyats and unpopularity earns dismissal.
Registration of transfer is granted on a fixed fee, but is refused in the case of an
undesirable transferee. Remissions of rent are granted when inability to pay is proved. In
1312 (BS) it is said that the amount remitted was Rs. 56,595. There are Lower Primary
Schools in each division and at Patisar, the centre of management, there is a High English
School with 250 students and a Charitable dispensary.
These are maintained out of a fund to which the estate contributes annually Rs. 1250 and
the raiyats 6 pies to rupee in their rent. There is an annual grant of Rs. 240 for the relief of
cripples and blind. An agricultural bank advances loans to raiyats at 12 per cent per
annum. The depositors are chiefly Calcutta friends of the poet, who get interest at 7 per
cent. The bank has about Rs. 90,000 invested in loans.'

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kvkwZKx-45

kvkwZKx-46

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kvkwZKx-47

kvkwZKx-48

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ejyK, ejZB cvi| Avgvi iZ `Iqvi `iKvi bB| Zv`i dj `Iqvi
`iKviI bB, iZ `IqviI `iKvi bB|
gywnZ nvmvb : iex`bv_K Avgv`i Kxfve cvV Kiv DwPZ, Avcbvi `wZ?
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kvkwZKx-49

kvkwZKx-50

GKaibi BQvB _K hvqmB BQvK eve cwiYZ Kivi Rb h my

c_wb`kUv `iKvi, Zv Zviv KiZ cvib bv| A_vr Zvi ivvUv nQ fvei ivv,
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gywnZ nvmvb : kl ck, w`bi kli h iex`bv_wZwb Avcbvi KvQ Kgb?

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AjwKK mv ev cqM^igvUB mmei K_v gb Kibwb| gvbyli ga hw`
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kvkwZKx-51

kvkwZKx-52

gvRvd&di nvmb : mvi, Avcwb kvixwiK-gvbwmK mew`K _K GLb Kgb AvQb?

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jywmqvmi GB DwwU Zzwg Kb eQ wbj?
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wki wK gwjK cv_K bB| KviY H chwy jvI gvbyli GKUv Kbvkw
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AvKvv _KB Zv gvbyl mgvR MoQ| RxebhvcbK AviI mnR Kievi Rb
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Zvi GKUv Nbxf~Z ic mB cvPxbKvji KweZvi wfZi Avgiv cqwQ| AekB
KweZv gvbyli RxebK weKwkZ Kievi GKUv welq| Avi gvbyli RxebK weKwkZ
Kivi K_v fveZ Mj Zv KzmsvivQb nIqv Pje bv| Avi mB m gZz fqi
h evcviUv, GUv wbq bvbvRb bvbvfve wPv Ki AvmQb| GLbv ch
ewgvbyli Rxeb gZz Uv AgvN| KviY gvbylK euvwPq ivLvi evcviUv GLbI
Avwevi Kiv me nqwb| Avgiv hUv ARb KiZ PvB mUv wK Avmj
mgwMZfve gvbyli Rxeb Pj Avm| KvRB mLvb gZz fqi evcviUv AZUv
evav nq `uvovZ cvi bv| Avi KweZv gvbyli mRbkxjZv weKvki ga w`q
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GB KvRwU KiQb, mwU Zuvi KweZv cojB evSv hvq| wZwb KzmsviK hfve
AvNvZ KiQb, mgvR wece KiZ Pvq hme Kwe-mvwnwZK ZuvivI mBfve cvib
wb| iex`bv_i `wZ, gZy gvbyli Rxeb GKUv wmsnvi wnmeB KvR Ki,
GKUv Ab gywZ wbq hvIqvi Rb| ZvB AvwiK A_, Avgiv hvK gZz ewj,
iex`bv_ h mBfve gZz K `Lb wb, mUv Zuvi jLv cojB evSv hvq| GUv
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ne| Avgiv `LZ cvB, Zjq wLvb njI gvbevZvK Kxfve mvwnZ wbq

kvkwZKx-53

kvkwZKx-54

iex`bv_ hw` GZw`b euP _vKZb Zvnj wZwb KwgDwb nq hZb|

iex`bv_i mvwnZ cm RyjwdKvi gwZb

Kwe, K_vmvwnwZK I cvewK RyjwdKvi gwZbGi Rb 1946 mvj cvebvi gevauvq| `xNw`b
_K wZwb ivRkvnx wekwe`vjq evsjv wefvMi
Aavcbv KiQb| Zuvi cKvwkZ Mi msLv 30Gi Dci| Zuvi cKvwkZ Mi KqKwU njv :
^iYx ^`k ZzB (Kve, 1972) bxwjgvK Puv`
`e ej (Kve, 2000), Kvi PiY wP ai
(Kve, 2011), mv`v Kzqvkvi cvwL (Dcbvm, 1889), gvbe gvbex (Dcbvm,
1996), gywhyi M (1997), AbiKg (M, 2000), KweZvi `k (ce,
1996), MZ hyM wdi Avm bv (KjvgM, 1995), bv div (gywhyi bvUK,
1986), Rb bq gZz bq euvwPevi mva (evwbK KKvwnbx) BZvw`|

AvM gvmi 8 ZvwiL `ycyi 1Uvi mgq ivRkvnx wekwe`vjqi knx`yjvn&

Kjv feb GB mvvrKviwU MnY Kwi| m wQj gn`x nvmvb I gywnZ nvmvb
gvRvd&di nvmb|

GmQb| Avgvi gb nq, iex`bv_KI Avgv`i mBfve `Lv DwPr| bRij

wbRB ejQb, h Kzj Avwg RbMnY KiwQ mUv Avgvi `e, Avwg ZvK AwZg
KiZ ciwQ ejB Avwg Kwe| KvRB mRbkxj gvbyliv me gvbyli m` wnmeB
Avmeb Avgv`i mBfve `Lv DwPZ|
gvRvd&di nvmb : iex`bv_i Mvb I KweZvq gvbecg bv AavZPZbv
Kvb&UvK Avcwb eov Ki `Lb ?
RyjwdKvi gwZb : gvbe cg Ges AavZPZbvK Avjv`v Kiv hvq wK-bv mUv
AvM gxgvsmv Kiv `iKvi| GLb aiv ewgP` ejQb h, wjL hw` mgvRi
DcKvi KiZ cvib ZeB wjLeb| KvRB ZuvK Avgiv GKRb mvgvwRK `vqe
jLK wnme gb wbZ cvwi| Avevi wK Abw`K ejQb h m`h mw nj
jLvi g~j Dk| GLb GB `yUv wRwbmK gjvbv nq GBfve h gvbyli hLb
GKUv DiY NU wKsev GKUv chvq hLb gvbylK wbq hvIqv nq ZLb GB `yqi
ga Kvb weiva _vK bv| Avi iex`bv_i Zv ejv hvq h wZwb gvbecg
I AavZPZbvK GK Ki `LQb| Zuvi c_g Rxebi jLv GKwU KweZvq
ejQb, `eZvi hvnv w`Z cvwi, w`B ZvB wcqRb, wcqRb hvnv w`Z cvwi, w`B
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wK AavZPZbv I agPZbvi ga KvbI cv_K bB| eZ, gvbyli ga w`qB
`eZvi cKvk NUQ, ZvB GB `yUv wRwbmK Avjv`v Ki `Lvi cqvRb bB|
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Zvi AvwZK RvMiYi fZi w`q NUvZ PqQb|
gvRvd&di nvmb : 30-Gi `kKi Kweiv wKsev AvaywbK Kweiv iex`bv_ _K
KZLvwb ei nZ ciwQjb ?
RyjwdKvi gwZb : GUv wVK h wki `kKi Kweiv mPZbfveB iex`bv_i aviv
_K ei nIqvi Pv KiwQjb| Zvi GKUv cavb KviY njv, wki `kKi hviv
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PZbvi m fviZxq PZbvi wgkY NwUqwQjb| GLvb GKUv K_v ej ivLv fvjv
h ewi hgb f~wgKv AvQ, GUvI wVK h Zvi cvkvcvwk mgq ev hyMi f~wgKvI
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wki `kKi hviv Kwe Zviv GB mvgwMK welqi mv_ cwiwPZ wQjb| Zvici
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kZvxZ NUwQj Zv Zuviv j Ki `Ljb| c~eeZx Kweiv fviZxq cyivYi
gvSB mxgve iLwQjb wbR`iK| wK wki `kKi Kweiv `Ljb Gi
evBiI Zv cyivY AvQ, BwjqvW AvQ, IwWwm AvQ ev AviI AbK wKQyB AvQ|

KvRB GjvK bZzb Ki Avgv`i mvwnZ Gcvi Kivi cqvRbxqZv Zuviv

Abyfe Kijb| wki `kKi Kweiv Avjv`vfve nqZ AbK wKQyB KiQb Avi I
meB wQj hyMi GKUv cwieZbi dj, hUv Avgiv gvwbK, Zvivki I wef~wZf~lYGi M I DcbvmI cvB| GfveB evsjv mvwnZ GKUv bZzb aviv Zwi nqQ|
Kwe`i cKvkfw cv Mj| mgqi mv_ mv_ cKvkfw cvveB| iex`bv_i
wbSii ^cf
cov Avi bRiji we`vnx KweZv cov, GKUv jLv nqQ wk
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wK fvlvUv AbiKg| KvRB wki `kKi Kwe`i gaI cv_KUv HfveB
GmQ| GUv Zuviv mPZb fveB KiQb|
gn`x nvmvb : GB cwieZbUv iex`bv_ VvKzi Kxfve wbqwQjb ?
RyjwdKvi gwZb : welqe ev Dcv`vbi w`K _K iex`bv_ wK GB cwiewZZ
cwiwwZi AbK wKQyB MnY KiwQjb| Zuvi cyb KveM coj mUv evSv
hvq| wZwb h Zuv`i fvjvfveB MnY KiwQjb mUv evSv hvq H mgqi hviv
cavb Kwe Zuv`i mv_ iex`bv_i ewMZ mK cheY Kij| Avmj GLvb
weivwaZv Kivi KvbI welq bB| Avwg gb Kwi, mvgb GwMq hZ nj
cwieZbK gvbZB ne, bv nj GMvbv hve bv| GB cwieZbUv MnY Kiv gvb wK
weivwaZv Kiv?
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gvbyl`i Lye mvaviYfveB cvB| wK iex`mvwnZ mvaviY gvbylB nq IV Lye
ewk BUjK&Pqz vj Ges AwZgvvq KvweK welqwUK Avcwb Kxfve `Lb ?
RyjwdKvi gwZb : nuv, GUv wVK h GKmgq gvbyli `vwe wQj h mvaviY gvbyl`i
mvwnZ wbq AvmZ ne| wekl Ki hviv gvKmev`x Zuviv G `vwe KiZb|
gvRvd&di nvmb : gvwbK Zv GB KvRwUB KiQb ?
RyjwdKvi gwZb : gvwbK GB KvRwU gvKmev`x nIqvi AvM _KB i KiQb|
GLb K_v nQ gvbyli AbK `ytL e`bvi K_v Leii KvMRjv Qvc, mUv wK
mvwnZ bv| mvwnZ Avjv`v GKUv wqwUwfwU _vKeB| AviKUv welq aiv, GB h
mvwnZ Rv`yeveZvi K_v ejv nQ| Avwg Zv gb Kwi mUvI Avjv`v wKQy bv|
Avgiv hLb kirP`i Dcbvm cowQ, Rvwb Gi _K wg_v Kvwnbx ev NUbv Avi
cw_exZ bvB| wK GUvK Avgiv wekvm Kwi| Kb? KviY Gi ga GK aibi
gvwRKvj Bd KvR Ki| GB mg AvBwWqv cwg _K Avm, Zviv Gjv
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PvB| Ges GKUv mvwnZ ev wkKgK vwqZ w`Z ev wPiKvjxb KiZ GUv
cqvRbI eU| GKUv cPwjZ K_v AvQ, kirP`K GKevi wRm Kiv nqwQj,
Avcbvi jLv Zv eywS, iex`bv_i jLv Zv eywS bv? kirP` ejwQjb, Zvgiv
eySe Kx Ki, Dwb Zv jLb Avgv`i Rb, Zvgv`i Rb Zv jLb bv! GUv
KZzK Ki ejZ cvib| GLb welq njv, GKUv gvbyli ^Zic hw` Avgiv
mvwnZ bv cvB Zvnj Zvi KvQ Avgiv hvev Kb? ay wK dUvMvd `L eove?

kvkwZKx-55

kvkwZKx-56

gvRvd&di nvmb : Avwg ejZ PvwQ Kzei Ges AwgZi K_v| KzeiK Avgiv
Avgv`i Pbv-Rvbv RMZB cvB| wK AwgZ hZUv bv evei Zvi _K Xi ewk
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Zv`i Aevbi welqUv Zv`i Pwi icvqbi ga w`q dzwUq Zvjv nqQ|
iex`bv_i welqUvK h Avgiv cksmv Kiev mUvI bv| wZwb cwiekbvi w`K
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ZLb Zv wki `kKi KweivI cQ` KiwQjb| ey`e emy Zuvi GK jLvq Zv
ejQbI|
gvRvd&di nvmb : iex`bv_i Dcbvm cojB evSv hvq h GUv GKRb Kwei Dcbvm|
RyjwdKvi gwZb : Avmj kli KweZvq Zv KweiB Rq nqQ| GLb GUvK
Dcbvmi GKUv aviv wnme `LZ ne| Ze Gi wfZi w`q gvbyli cgfvjvevmvB ewj, Rxeb-hvcbB ewj, Zvi h icUv wZwb GbQb Zv wK Zywg
A^xKvi KiZ cvie bv| jvebK wZwb ejQb, m njv mivei Avi KZKx
njv Novi Rj| Novi Rj LvIqv hvq Avi mivei muvZvi KvUZ nq| A_vr
Avgv`i h cvw_e RMr-msmvi Gi evBi Avgv`i wbq hvIqv| ay msmvii gaB
hw` Avgiv wbR`i wbgM ivwL Zvnj Zv Mi bvwqKvK Zvi kii Ihyi e`bv
GwMq w`Z ne| wKsev kvoxi Rb Rvqbvgvh weQvZ ne| wK Gi evBi h
Zvi Avjv`v GKUv AvZv AvQ G wRwbmUvK Zv A^xKvi Kiv hvq bv|
gvRvd&di nvmb : iex`bv_i iweevi M Avgiv `LwQ AwfK Z_vKw_Z
ag I Cki-fvebv wbq ck ZyjQ| GB _K wK ai bIqv hvq iex`bv_ kli
w`K mskqev`i w`K avweZ nqwQjb ?
RyjwdKvi gwZb : AbK AvMB Avwg Avgvi GKUv jLvq ejwQjvg iex`bv_
hw` GZw`b euP _vKZb Zvnj wZwb KwgDwb nq hZb| Zuvi wkZx_
KweZvwUZ wZwb ejQb, Avwg evZ gnxb| ZvQvov wZwb Zv ev mgvRi
GKRb wQjb| mLvb Zv wbivKvi Ckii K_vB ejv nqQ| c~Rv APbv ev g~wZi
evcvi Zv mLvb wQj bv| Avi ZvQvov Avgv`i AvbyvwbK h Cki, GB Ckii
e`bv iex`bv_ KLbB Kib wb| Avgv`i cPwjZ h Cki mB CkiK wZwb hZUv
me eRb KiQb|
gvRvd&di nvmb : iex`mvwnZ bvixiv KZUv cMwZkxj I ^vaxb Ges gywKvgx
ej Avcwb gb Kib ?
RyjwdKvi gwZb : AvRK Zvgvi h bvixev`x aviYv mUv w`q Zv iex`bv_i
KvjK wePvi Kij Pje bv| iex`bv_ h mgq RbwQjb mB mgqi cvcU
ZuvK wePvi KiZ ne|
gvRvd&di nvmb : Avgiv `LwQ `ok eQi ciI iex`bv_i RbwcqZv
GKwe`y Kgwb| GLbI wZwb mgvbfve cvmwK| mB Rb Avgv`i Kvji wePvi
ZuvK hw` wPv Kwi, Ze ?

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Muo, mgM RvwZi GKwU `xNw`bi HwZni AvjvnvIqvq Mo IVv mxZi
AvIZvq mw KiQb Zuvi ^Kxq mxZ RMrwUK| iex`bv_ mxZi
bvoxeuvav evDjmxZi mvb KiZ wMq A^lY-Abycek KiQb hgwb
Rq`ei MxZMvwe`-G Zgwb Ziv kZKi Px`vm, we`vcwZ, Kexi,
Zzjmx`vm, gxivevC cgyLi mw RMZ|
iex`bv_ Qjejvq GKevi Zuvi wcZvi m evU Ki MvgY wMq Zuvi
wcZvi eBwji ga GKwU LyeB cyibv, evsjv Ai Qvcv, dvU DBwjqvg _K
cKvwkZ MxZMvwe`-Gi mvb cvb| Q` Abymvi Zvi c`i fvM wQj bv, M`i
gZ GK jvBbi m Avi-GK jvBb AweQ` RwoZ wQj| iex`bv_ ZLb msZ
RvbZb bv, wK evsjv fvjv RvbZb ejB AbKwj ki A_ eySZ ciQb|
GB MxZMvwe`wU KZevi h cowQjb Zv wZwb wbRB ejZ cvibwb| Rq`e
Kx ejZ PqQb Zv iex`bv_ eySZ bv-cvijI, Gi Q` I K_vq Zuvi gbi
ga hv Muv_v nq Zv iex`bv_i c Amvgvb wQj|14
Px`vm I we`vcwZ m^ AlY KiZ wMq iex`bv_ hv RvbZ ciQb
m-m^ wZwb ejQb, wbRi cvYi ga, cii cvYi ga I cKwZi cvYi ga
cek Kwievi gZvKB ej KweZ| [...] whwb cvYi ga cek Kwiqv Kwe nBqvQb wZwb
mnR K_vi Kwe, mnR fvei Kwe| [...] AZGe mnR fvlvi, mnR fvei, mnR KweZv
jLvB k, KviY ZvnvZ cvYi ga cek Kwiqv `wLZ nq| mKji cvYi gaB h
ew AvwZ_ cvq dzj ejv, gN ejv, `ytLx ejv, myLx ejv, mKji cvYi gaB hvnvi
Avmb AvQ, mB Zvnv cvi| [...] Avgv`i Px`vm mnR fvlvi mnR fvei Kwe, GB Y
wZwb exq cvPxb Kwe`i ga cavb Kwe| wZwb h-mKj KweZv jLb bvB ZvnviB Rb
Kwe| wZwb GK Q jLb I `k Q cvVK`i w`qv wjLvBqv jb| [...] we`vcwZ myLi Kwe,
Px`vm `ytLi Kwe| we`vcwZ wein KvZi nBqv cob, Px`vmi wgjbI myL bvB|
we`vcwZ fvM Kwievi Kwe, Px`vm mn Kwievi Kwe! Px`vm myLi ga `ytL I `ytLi
ga myL `wLZ cvBqvQb| Zuvnvi myLi gaI fq Ges `ytLi cwZI AbyivM| we`vcwZ
Kej Rvbb h wgjb myL I wein `ytL, wK Px`vmi `q Aviv Mfxi, wZwb Dnv
Acv Aviv AwaK Rvbb|15

lvj kZKi m~Pbvq kxPZbi Avwefvei m KxZbvi Mvbi mgw nq,

mRb kxPZbK G-aviviB cwZwbwa ejv hvq, KviY hvnv`i eov cvY Zvnviv ewk
w`b wbRi ga e nBqv _vwKZ cvi bv, RMZ ev nBZ Pvq| PZb`e Bnvi
cgvY|16 AvVviv kZKi Kvjx-DcvmK ivgcmv`i Mvb I wewfb fRbi ga
cvIqv hvq evDj HwZni mvb I evDj mvabvi g~jgwU| evDjmxZ evsjv`ki
cvPxb jvK I agxq mxZi GKwU wekl aviv, gycyil jvjbI Zv GB wekl avivi
GKRb| gycyil jvjbi gy`w-wPv-PZbv iex`bv_ Abymvb KiQb, KiQb
ejB Zuvi mwZ AvZwi evDj fvewUK Luy R cvIqv hvq, hLvb wZwb gycyil
jvjbi mvgwMK gy`w-wPv-PZbvq GK I Awfb fvei mgvivn NwUqQb, hv
GKeviB GKwU wbw` Aj-Mvx-Mvi bZvwK ewki exq evDjZ, Avi
hv Moxq eeZ I cvimi mydxZ _K c_K|
1891 _K 1901 wLv ch iex`bv_ wQjb wkjvB`n, ZLb evDj`i
m Zuvi memgq `Lvmvvr I Avjvc AvjvPbv nZ|17 Nvi ci Nv| Zviv
Mixe| cvlvK-cwiQ` bB| `Lj evSevi Rv bB Zviv KZ gnr| wK KZ
Mfxi welq KZ mnRfve Zviv ejZ cviZ|18 evsjv`ki evDjmxZB
iex`bv_K mevcv Av`vwjZ KiQ| iex`bv_ [...] GK`j cwgK mvaK`i
m cjb wkjvB`ni cjx Aj| hviv AvRK evsjv`k evDj bvg weLvZ|
Giv GKUv wekl m`vq| msLvi w`K _K G m`vqi AwZ mvgvbB ZLbv
ch eZgvb| GZ wn`yI wQj, gymjgvbI wQj| Zey ag Giv bv wn`y bv gymjgvb|
G`i AavZ Rxeb Mo DVjv GB `yB agi mvgmi ga w`q| Giv cgi
mvaK| ARvbv APbv Kvqvnxb wekl GK cgi eK fvjemB G`i Avb`|19
wkjvB`n hvIqv-Avmvi c_ Ges cieZxKvj Rwg`vixi `vwqZ cvjbi mgq wZwb
j KiQb h, PhvMxwZ _K i Ki GKwU wbw` aviv eq PjQ evOvwji
mxZwPvq| GZ w`b wZwb cii euvwk avi Kwiqv wbRi Mvb MvBZb, ZvnvZ Zuvnvi
cvYi mKj myi KzjvBZ bv| wZwb fvweqv cvBZb bv hvnv evRvBZ Pvwn Zvnv evR bv
Kb! mUv h euvwki `vl! evKzj nBqv Pvwiw`K LyuwRZ LyuwRZ mnmv `wLjb Zuvnvi cvYi
gaB GKUv ev` AvQ| evRvBZ wMqv Djvm bvwPqv DwVjb; Kwnjb, G Kx nBj|
Avgvi Mvb cii Mvbi gZv kvbvq bv Kb? GZ w`b ci Avgvi cvYi mKj myiwj
evwRqv DwVj Kx Kwiqv? Avwg h K_v ewje gb Kwi mB K_vB gyL w`qv evwni nBZQ!20

evOvwji wbR^ avbaviYvi m Lye mnRfveB wgk AvQ mydx, MRj cfwZ
cviwm mxZi cfve| iex`bv_i cviwm m~dxmxZ aviYv Aek Rbjvf KiQ
Zuvi wcZvi mvwba Gm, Zuvi wcZv cviwm mvwnZi AbyivMx cvVK wQjb, nvwdR I
Igi Lqvg cgyL Kwe`i iPbvejx wQj Zuvi wbZw`bi mx; ZvB wbtm`n ejv
hvq h, cviwm mvwnZ Ges mxZ mK iex`bv_i h AbyivM mw nq Zvi KviY
Zuvi wcZcf
ve| wZwb cviwm mydxmvwnZ Ges mydxmxZi GKwU my cwiPq jvf
16

12

msMxZi Drcw I DchvwMZv, msMxZ, iex`bv_ VvKzi|

13
AwffvlY (msMxZmsN), msMxZwPv, iex`bv_ VvKzi|
14
RxebwZ, iex`bv_ VvKzi|
15
Pw`vm I we`vcwZ, iex`bv_ VvKzi|

kvkwZKx-65

evDji Mvb, iex`bv_ VvKzi|

evDj-Mvb, msMxZwPv, iex`bv_ VvKzi|
18
iex`mxZwewPv, kvw`e Nvl|
19
iex`mxZwewPv, kvw`e Nvl|
20
evDji Mvb, iex`bv_ VvKzi|
17

kvkwZKx-66

KiQb gahyMxq mvaK Kwe Kexii c`, ZvB Z iex`bv_ Ab~w`Z Kexii wKQy
Mvb evDivi (wnw`Z evDjK evDiv ejv nq _vK) AbyfwZi K_v kvbv hvq|
Kexi evDj gZv`kx wQjb| Kexi wQjb jvK bvg Kw_Z mvaviY gvbyli
cwZwbwa| Zuvi Mvb gvbeZvi h Dvab, iex`bv_ mwjK ^vMZ RvwbqQb|
evDji gbi gvbyl, m gbi gvbyl Ab me `e`exi gZv Kvb kwi
cZxK bb| wZwb gvbyli eve Rxebi fvjvg` wKQyB Kib bv| wZwb AvQb,
cwZwU gvbyli ga Mvcb| mB Mvcbevmx gbi gvbyli Lei cgi mvabvq
Zviv cvb| wK aiZ cvib bv|21 ZvB evDjmxZi fvlvq me`vB cKvk cqQ
mB Aievmx gvbylK Rvbv I bv Rvbvi Amxg e`bv| Rxeb`eZv I gbi
gvbyli ga HKi mvb cqB iex`bv_ evDj I Zv`i mvabvi cwZ Mfxifve
AvK nb|22 hKvbI mvwnZ Ggb Ac~eZv Avi cvIqv hvq ej iex`bv_ wekvm
Kib bv| AvbyvwbK agi ebgy evDji cwZ iex`bv_ AvK nq g nq
DVQb Zv`i Av`kK wbR^ Av`k wgwjq wbZ| Rxebi klcv cuQ
evDji AvZ`kb gvbe-mZ Avwevi KiZ wMqB wZwb wbRK evZ, gnxb,
RvwZnviv ej cwiPq Kwiq `b|
`LwQ GKZviv nvZ PjQ Mvbi aviv eq/ gbi gvbylK mvb Kievi/ Mfxi
wbRb c_|/ Avwg Kwe I`i `j/ Avwg evZ, Avwg gnxb|23
evDjmvaK`i gbi gvbyl evievi I bvbvfve Rxeb`eZv wnke cKvk cqQ
iex`bv_i evDjvbi mxZ| gvbyli `eZv gvbyli gbi gvbyl; vb Kg fve h
cwigvYi mZ nB, mB cwigvYB mB gbi gvbylK cvB Ai weKvi NUj mB Avgvi
Avcb gbi gvbylK gbi ga `LZ cvBb| gvbyli hZ wKQz `yMwZ AvQ, mB Avcb
gbi gvbylK nvwiq, ZvK evBii DcKiY LyuRZ wMq, A_vr AvcbvKB ci Ki w`q|
AvcbvK ZLb UvKvq `wL, LvwZZ `wL, fvMi AvqvRb `wL| GB wbqB gvbyli hZ
weev`, hZ Kvbv| mB evwni wew Avcb-nviv gvbyli wejvc Mvb GKw`b bwQjvg, cw_K
wfLvixi gyL,/ Avwg Kv_vq cve Zvi,/ Avgvi gbi gvbyl hi|/ nvivq, mB gvbyl Zvi
Dk/ `k-we`k eovB Nyi|/ mB wbii Muvqi jvKi gyLB bwQjvg,/ ZviB
24
wfZi AZj mvMi|/ mB cvMjB MqwQj,/ gbi ga gbi gvbyl Kiv AlY|

iex`bv_i G-ee GKRb wbii evDji myMfxi AvZvcjwi cwiPq cKvk

cqQ| mRbB wZwb evDji evYxi mvb KiZ cqQb; cqQb KvbI GK
Avcb Rbi Afve `q h Mfxi e`bv mw nq Zvi mvb KiZ, hv wZwb e
KiQb Zuvi wewfb evDjvbi mxZ; evDj cfvei h_v_ZvB GLvb|
e`k AvavZev` mvaKRbi mwwb`kb AbK| g~jZ lvok kZvx _K
GB mwKg bvbvfve, bvbv bvg, bvbv AvLov-`ievi cPwjZ nq AvVviv kZK
Kzwqvi QDwoqvq Gm eUeic aviY KiQ| gycyil jvjb Zuvi mvabvi ic-imM meB gvbe Rxebi AvwgZ asmcKiYi mvnPh wnme GK AmvaviY mwKg
Dcnvi w`qQb, hv weMZ AvovB kZK ai GLb ch gvbylK bvov `q| gycyil

jvjbi c~e evDjmxZi AwZ, msMn Ges msKjb evOvwj mgvR _vKjI
gycyil jvjb I Zuvi mgKvjxb evDj`i iwPZ MvbKB evDjmxZi cvPxb aviv
ej aviYv Kiv nq| exq evDjZ-Gi AbZg cevB wQjb gycyil jvjb| Zuvi
gZev`i m Abvb z` aggZi AbKvsk wgj Ges mvRyh _vKjI jvKag
mxZB mvabvi Abylx| fveyK jvK gvB Abyfe KwiqvQb h, Avgiv gvS gvS
GK cKvi welY myLi fve DcfvM Kwi, Zvnv Kvgj welv`, AcLi myL| Zvnv Avi
wKQyB bq, mxgv nBZ Amxgi cwZ bcvZ gv|25
AvaywbK gvbylI gycyil jvjbi Mvb AvcZ
y nq, Ze Gi PqI ewk AvcZ
y
nqQb Dwbk kZK wecyj wPvq gM iex`bv_| jvjbi h-MvbwU c_g
iex`bv_K AvK KiwQj mwU nQ, LuvPvi wfZi AwPb cvwL/ Kgb Avm hvq/
Zvi aiZ cvij gbeox/ w`Zvg cvwLi cvq [...]|26 myKgz vi mb Zuvi GK ce
ejQb, evDj Mvbi GB c`wU KwewP `xvexR ecb KwiqvwQj [...]| Avi
kwkf~lY `vk wjLQb, jvjb dwKii LuvPvi wfZi AwPb cvwL Kgb Avm
hvq GB wRvmvi mwnZ iex`bv_i Rxeb-wRvmvi Mfxi wgj wQj [...]| iex`bv_
wbRB jvjbi AwPb cvwL m^ wjLQb, gvS gvS e LuvPvi ga Avwmqv
AwPb cvwL ebnxb APbvi K_v ewjqv hvq; gb ZvnvK wPib Kwiqv awiqv ivwLZ
Pvq, wK cvi bv| GB AwPb cvwLi hvIqv-Avmvi Lei Mvbi myi Qvov Avi K w`Z
cvi|27 iex`bv_ AwPb cvwLi MvbwUi DjL Ki I Gi m wZwb BsiwR Kwe
kjxi KweZvi Zzjbv Ki ejQb, [...] That this unknown is the profoudest reality,
though difficult of comprehension, is equally admitted by the English poet as by the
nameless village singer of Bengal, in whose music vibrate the wing-beats of the unknown
bird, only Shelleys utterance is for the cultural few, while the Baul Song is for the tillers of
the soil, for the simple folk of our village households, who are never bored by its mystic
transcendentalism [...] .28 evDjmxZi cwZ iex`bv_i AbyivM Zuvi AbK

mwwb`kb cKvk cqQ| wZwb Zuvi AbK mxZ evDji myi MnY KiQb Ges
ivMivwMbxi m wZwb vZ ev AvZmvi evDjmxZi myii wgj NwUqQb| G
_K evSv hvq, evDji myi I evYx KvbI GK mgq Zuvi gbi ga mnR wgk
wMqQ|29 gygvbyl jvjbi AivZvq evm Kiv mymsnZ evDjZ I `kb
iex`bv_i Rxeb`kbK Mfxifve cfvweZ KiQ, Ges jvjbmxZi AwfQvqv
Zuvi mwwb`kb my Qvc djQ| GKgyVv D`vniY,
1. gycyil jvjb ejQb, Avgvi Nii Pvwe cii nvZ|/ Kgb Lywjq m
ab `Lev PZ| Avi wekKwe iex`bv_ ejQb, fO gvi Nii Pvwe
wbq hvwe/ K Avgvi I ez Avgvi/ bv cq Zvgvi `Lv, GKv GKv/ w`b
h Avgvi KvU bv i| iex`bv_i MvbwU jvjbi Mvbi AbKUvB cywic~iK

25

eMZ I fveMZ KweZv, iex`bv_ VvKzi|

Mvb m^ ce, RxebwZ, iex`bv_ VvKzi|
27
Mvb m^ ce, RxebwZ, iex`bv_ VvKzi|

21

26

iex`mxZwewPv, kvw`e Nvl|

22
iex`mxZwewPv, kvw`e Nvl|
23
ccyU, iex`bv_ VvKzi|
24
evDji Mvb, iex`bv_ VvKzi|

28

29

kvkwZKx-67

The Philosophy of Our People, 1925.

iex` iPbvejx|

kvkwZKx-68

ej mxZvwfRb gb Kib| GLvb jvjbi `nNii gywPvwe Acii

nvZ, Avi Aciw`K iex`bv_ gyw`vZvK Avnvb KiQb mLvic|
2. gycyil jvjb ejQb, Avgvi G NiLvbvq K weivR Ki|/ Avwg Rbg-fi
GKw`b `Ljvg bv i|/ bo Po Ckvb KvY `LZ cvBb GB bqb/
nvZi KvQ hvi fei nvUevRvi/ Avwg aiZ Mj nvZ cvBb Zvi| Avi
wekKwe iex`bv_ ejQb, Avgvi wnqvi gvS jywKqwQj `LZ Avwg
cvBwb/ Zvgvq `LZ Avwg cvBwb|/ evwni-cvb PvL gjwQ, Avgvi `qcvb PvBwb| evDj mvabvi g~j welqwU nQ `nZvwK| Avcb `ni fZi
h cig cyili evm, ZuvK bv wPbj mvabv wmw nq bv|
3. gycyil jvjb ejQb, hvi Avcb Lei Avcbvi nq bv|/ GKevi Avcbvi
wPbZ cvij i/ hve AwPbvi Pbv| G-evYxi ggv_ wekKwe iex`bv_
wbRi ga AvZ Ki wjLQb, AvcbvK GB Rvbv Avgvi dzive bv|/
GB RvbviB m m Zvgvq Pbv| wbRK Pbvi gaB iqQ AwPb
gvbylK Pbvi cig cvw, A_vr cwZw`bi KghvMi gaB iqQ wbRK
Pbvi weivU iKg Pv| GB Pv hw` mPZbfve gvbeRxeb AbykxwjZ
nZ _vK ZvnjB GKRb gvbyl wnke m APbvi mvb cve|
4. gycyil jvjb ejQb, cvi Kiv n `qvjPuv` Avgvi [...]| Avi wekKwe
iex`bv_ ejQb, mgyL kvwcvivevi fvmvI ZiYx n KYavi [...]|
jvjbi Mvbi m hvi fveMZ AvwZK wgj LyeB wbKUeZx|
5. gycyil jvjb ejQb, Avgvi gbi gvbyliB mb wgjb ne KZw`b
[...]| Avi wekKwe iex`bv_ ejQb, Avwg ZviB LuyR eovB h iq gb
Avgvi [...]|
6. gycyil jvjb ejQb, H GK ARvbv gvbyl wdiQ `k `k [...]| Avi
wekKwe iex`bv_ ejQb, m h evwni njv Avwg Rvwb [...]|
7. gycyil jvjb ejQb, Avgvi wK ivLeb i PiY`vmx/ BZicbv Kvh
Avgvi Anwbwk [...]| Avi wekKwe iex`bv_ ejQb, Avwg Kej Zvgvi
`vmx/ Kgb Ki Avbev gyL Zvgvq fvjevwm [...]|
8. gycyil jvjb ejQb, Kvi ejev Avgvi gbi e`bv/ Ggb e_vi ew_Z
gj bv [...]| Avi wekKwe iex`bv_ ejQb, Avwg `qi K_v ewjZ
evKzj, avBjv bv Kn [...]|
9. gycyil jvjb ejQb, Kb KvQi gvbyl WvKQv kvi Ki/ AvwQm ZzB
hLvb, mI mLvb/ LuyR eovI Kvi [...]| Avi wekKwe iex`bv_
ejQb, Avgvi cvYi gvbyl AvQ cvY/ ZvB nwi Zvq mKjLvb [...]|
GiKg AbK D`vniY AvQ, hvZ wekl wekl c`, k, icK, cZxK, Dcgv,
wPK, fve I myi KLbI AvswkK Avevi KLbI ev civ Dcvq iex`bv_i
mwKg GKB HKZvb dzU DVQ| gycyil jvjbi gymv iex`gvbm
AbKfve m~iK nqQ, hv Dfqcyili evwaPZbvq Zv`i mwwb`kb Agi nq
AvQ gvbeRxebi mKj Mv-eY-agi gvbyli KvQ| gycyil jvjbi Avwefvei
ciciB Kvvj nwibv_ gRyg`vi I gxi gkviid nvmb ekwKQy evDjmxZ iPbv

KiQb| wezivg Pvcvavq, gbvgvnb emy, Avb`P` wg, CkiP` , AgZjvj

emy, Aq miKvi cgyLiv gycyil jvjb, cvMjv KvbvB, cvy kvn, `yy kvn cgy Li
evDjmxZ AbyKiY Mvb iPbv Kib| evDjmxZi gvag `xNKvji evOvwj
HwZni avivq eq PjQ gvbyli AvZcKvki KgwU| mg m`vq, meag,
RvwZeYi meiKg Mxi Ea evDjmvaKiv| Rxebaviv Zv`i m~Yi c c_K
MvbB Zuv`i me^, c_B Zuv`i Avkq, GKZvivB Zuv`i mx| Zuviv RxebKgi gaw`q Mq PjQb mygayi gvbyli AvZcKvki mB Mvbwj| Zuv`i GKgv Afxv
eyK Xj gvbyli cvYkii mvwba Abyfe Kiv, KviY Zuviv gvbeZvi Dbv`bvq gR
_vKb| mvgvwRK Rxebi Mw Qo G`i AbKB c_K Rb wbqQb Ni ej,
Avevi `bw`b Rxebi gaB KD KD Dcjw KiQb gvbecgK|
evDj vivB gcwieZb NUQ evDjmxZi| mij-gayi G-Mvbwj Mfxifve
AiK k Ki; Zv`i mvejxj Q`i RbB| Gi imB AeMvnb Ki iex`bv_
mw KiQb Zuvi evDjvbi mxZ, evDjmxZ _K cyw wbqB wZwb Gi Dci
Qvc djQb wbRi cej ewZi| iex`bv_ Qjejv _KB evDjmxZi cwZ
Zxe AbyivMx nq DVQb| eix`bv_ ZvBZv ejQb, [...] evDji myi h GKNi,
ivMivwMYx hZB PvL ivOvK m wKmi Kqvi Ki! GB myiwjK Kvbv
ivMKjxbi RvZi KvVvq djv hvq bv eU, Zey G`i RvwZi cwiPq m^ fyj
nq bv evSv hvq G Avgv`i `kiB myi, wejvwZ myi bq|30
exq evDjZ QvovI Moxq eeZ I cvimi mydxZ-Gi cfve
evsjvq KqK kZvx ai h-mxZ cywjvf KiQ, hv ewP AZzjbxq, hvK
mnR wPb bIqv hvq GKwU g~j myi _K, GKwU wekl cwiek _K, GKwU
wekl fve _K mmeB vb Ki wbqQ iex`bv_i evDjvbi mxZ; GLvb
gywi c_i mvb wgj Aek GZ `vkwbKi hywZK bB gvbeK fvjvevmv,
fvjvevmv mg weke
v; GKBm wbRK gvbecg wbtkl wewjq `q|
KviY, h gi Zvi Avi giYi fq _vK bv| RMrK m fvjvevm, GBRb m
RMr nBqv hvq, m GKUv AwZ z` Avwg gv bn, h hgi fq Kwie m mg
wekPivPi| [...] dzjK wRvm Kiv bv Kb, M `vb Kwiqv Zvgvi jvf Kx? m
ewje, M bv w`qv Avgvi _vwKevi Rv bvB, ZvnvB Avgvi ag! GBRb M bv w`Z
cvwij Rxeb e_v gb nq| Zgwb cwgK ewje giYB Avgvi ag, bv gwiqv Avgvi
myL bvB|/ jvfx jvf MwYe cgv`,/ GKi Rb wK nq Avii gwiZ mva|/ evDj
Di Kwij/ hvi h ag mB cve mB Kg|/ cgi gg wK AcwgK cvq?31
Bw`qMvn cwieZbkxj G-h wek, G-h Rxeb GK mZvb`i Abyfw Zi viv
Dcjw KivB Z gyw| G-h Dcjw, GKB ej eyKfiv fvjvevmv wbq wbRK
wbtkl wewjq `Iqv, gvbeZvi LvwZi, mewKQzi Dci; Avi ZLbB wekvmvZxZ
g~Qbvq Ai fi IV D GK bevb`i k, cig cwgKi mxZi gvag,
KviY cgi Zvii ga Ab evi Zwor LjvBZ _vK, weke
vi Lei

kvkwZKx-69

kvkwZKx-70

30
31

msMxZi gyw, msMxZwPv, iex`bv_ VvKzi|

evDji Mvb, iex`bv_ VvKzi|

wbwgli ga cvYi wfZi Avwmqv DcwZ nq| hvnvK Zzwg fvjvevmv Zvnvi KvQ
ewmqv _vKv, A`k cgi Zvi w`qv Zvnvi cvY nBZ Zvgvi cvY we`yr ewnZ
_vK, wbgl wbgl Zvnvi cvYi Lei Zvgvi cvY Avwmqv cuQvq| Zgwb hw`
RMZi cvYi mwnZ Zvgvi cvY cgi Zvi euvav _vK Zvnv nBj RMZi Nii
K_v mgB Zzwg wbZ cvI| cgi gwngv Ggb Kwiqv Avi K MvwnqvQ!32
iex`bv_i evDjvbi mxZK evDjmxZi gZB kwYwebvm Kiv hvq|
hgb `bc`i I ceZc`i mxZ| c_g c`i mxZi Avmi evDjmvaKiv
mec_g Zvi i, gyikx`K wbe`b Ki mxZ cwiekb Ki _vKb; GiKg
iex`bv_I KiQb, hgb, Avgvi gv_v bZ Ki `vI n Zvgvi PiYayjvi Zj|/
mKj Anvi n Avgvi WyevI PvLi Rj|33
`bc`i ci Avm ceZc`i mxZ; ZLb evDjmvaKiv Zv`i mvabRxeb
gbi gvbyli A^lY Kivi welqwUZ iZ Avivc Ki _vKb| evDji Ggb
AvZZg~jK mxZwj iex`bv_K Mfxifve cvwYZ KiQ, ZvB wZwb Zuvi c~Rv,
cKwZ cei wKQz wKQz mxZ AavZPZbvi cKvk NwUqQb, hgb, Avwg Zvi
LuyR eovB h iq gb Avgvi gb|/ m AvQ ej/ Avgvi AvKvk Ryo dvU Zviv
ivZ,/ cvZ dzj dzU iq eb Avgvi eb|34
G-chvqi mxZ iex`bv_ evDj fvebvK cvavb w`qQb| GLvb wZwb
myiK KvbI ^Zfve `Lbwb| evDjmxZ wZwb evsjv Mvbi mwZKvi cwiPq
LyuR cqQb, ZvB Zv wZwb j KiQb G-mxZ fviZelxq ivMmxZi gZ
K_v ev` w`q Kejgv myii Dci wbfikxj bq, eis evYx I myii mwjb MwVZ|
evYx cwZwU evOvwji Aii Uvb; GB RbB fviZi ga GB c`kB evYxi mvabv
mePq ewk nqQ| wK GKv evYxi ga Zv gvbyli cKvki c~YZv nq bv
GRb evsjv`k mxZi ^Z cOw bq, evYxi cvkB Zvi Avmb| [...] wK
mxZ hyMjfve Mov c`i m wgjb nq ZeB Gi mv_KZv| c`vejxi gaB
hb Zvi ivmjxjv, ^vZ m mBZ cvie bv|35
evDjmxZ Q`ej| evDjmxZi cavb jB nQ K_vi Q`ve mnR
MwZ; KviY fvei AveM hLb evDjmvaKiv bP DVb ZLb h-Q`i Dbv`bv
mw nq, Avcbv _K, m-mnR Q`wUK j Ki wZwb mnR fvlv I myii m
mxZ cwiekb Ki _vKb| h ew wbRi fvlv Avwevi KwiZ cvwiqvQ, h
ew wbRi fvlvq wbR K_v KwnZ wkwLqvQ, Zvnvi Avb`i mxgv bvB| m K_v
Kwnqv Kx myLxB nq! Zvnvi GK-GKwU K_v Zvnvi GK-GKwU RxweZ mvb|36 K_v
wbZv mnR, wK myii hvM Gi A_ Ac~e RvwZZ Dj nq DVwQj| [...] GB
Mvbi fvlvq I myi wn`y-gymjgvbi K wgjQ, Kvivb cyivY SMov evawb| GB
wgjbB fviZi mfZvi mZ cwiPq, weev` weiva eeiZv| evsjv`ki Mvgi

Mfxi we DP mfZvi ciYv Bzj-KjRi AvMvPi Avcbv-Avcwb wKiKg KvR

Ki GmQ, wn`y-gymjgvbi Rb GK Avmb iPbvi Pv KiQ, GB evDj Mvb
ZviB cwiPq cvIqv hvq|37 evDjmxZ Qq-gvvi `v`&iv ev KLbI AvU-gvvi
Kvnviev RvZxq Q`i jY `Lv hvq| iex`bv_ Gme KviYB Zvji w`K _K
Zuvi evDjvbi mxZ b~Zb wKQy mw Kivi cqvRb eva KiQb| evDj Mvbi
myi Avgiv `wL `ywU fvM| mvaviY wbqg GB Mvbi hZ KwjB _vKzK bv Kb, myi
cv_K `Lv hvq Kej c_g Kwji m wZxq Kwji| cii Avi me Kwji myi
wZxq KwjK AbymiY Ki Pj, Ges c_g Kwj Qvov Abvb me Kwji Q`I
GK|38 iex`bv_i nvZ co evDjmxZi XO AcvKZ msKxY mxgv _K GB
fveB eo I wewP nq DVQ| Zuvi evDjvbi mxZi myi AvQ ac`i gZ
PviwU Ask Avqx, Aiv I mvixZ myii ewP I AvfvM wVK ac`i gZ A
ivK AbymiY Ki|39 AZGe GK_v wbtm`n ejv hvq h, iex`bv_i mxZwPv
GKv ewMZ Abyfw~ Zi viv cy| evDji mxZfvebv, Abykxjb Ges ZvwK
AvjvPbv iex`bv_K wbtm`n cfvweZ KiQ, wK mxZi icvqY Ges Zvi
KvVvgv Zwii iex`bv_i wbR^ avbaviYv cwizwUZ|
iex`bv_i evDjvbi mxZi myi h Qvc iLQb Zv mnRB Ai cek
Ki, Ze evDj Z_v gycyil jvjb, cvy kvn cgy Li evDjmxZi myii m
iex`m evDjvbi mxZi myi AwgjUvB ewk| KvbI KvbI evYxZ
wgjb NUjI MvqbkjxZ wfbZv iqQ| evDjmxZi myiK KD KD D`vmx myi
ej wPwZ Ki _vKjI evDjmvaK`i GB D`vmx I AvZwbgMi fvewU
iex`bv_K cfvweZ KiQ cPiz , ZeyI `qi e_vK cKvk KiZ h-myi Avcb
_K RM IV Zv iex`m evDjvbi mxZi myi AbKUv AbycwZ| ZvB
myii b~Zb AvwK ev XO wPwZ nq iex`bv_i evDjvbi mxZ| Zvj
Ges gvvqI AvQ cv_K| evDjmxZ `ywU XOqi cKvk j Kiv hvq : GKwU
AvLovkqx hLvb evDjmxZi myi AbKUv axi-jq AvZwbgM evDjmvaKi
K dzU IV, dj Zvj I gvvq kv b`xi GKwU Qwe dzU IV; Avi AbwU
RbmyLvkqx hLvb AvZwbgM evDjmvaKiv Pov myi, `Z Zvj-jq-gvvq I
bZi gvag evDjmxZ cwiekb Ki _vKb| evDji bvP Q`i ewP AvQ,
Avi m m ZvZI ewP A_vr Zvj diZv AvQ| GB wnme evDj Mvb ay
Kvb bevi bq, PvL `Levi e| evDji GKZviv, bZi fw, fvei DQvm,
meB mvgb _K `L b Ze eySZ nq|40 Ze AvLovkqx evDjmxZi myiB
iex`bv_ cfvweZ nqQb ej gb nq| RbmyLvkqx evDjmxZ I iex`bv_i
evDjvi mxZ G-wgj NUwb|
AwaKvsk iex`bv_i evDjvbi mxZ mvwii myi Zuvi bemw; evDj`i
myii MVbcYvjxi m wgj iLB Gwj wZwb Zwi KiQb, hw`I ZuvK AbK

32

evDji Mvb, iex`bv_ VvKzi|

c~Rv, MxZweZvb, iex`bv_ VvKzi|
34
c~Rv, MxZweZvb, iex`bv_ VvKzi|
35
K_v I myi, iex`bv_ VvKzi|
36
evDji Mvb, iex`bv_ VvKzi|
33

37

evDj-Mvb, msMxZwPv, iex`bv_ VvKzi|

iex`mxZ, kvw`e Nvl|
39
iex`mxZ, kvw`e Nvl|
40
iex`-mxZ, W. wcqeZ Payix|
38

kvkwZKx-71

kvkwZKx-72

mgq cvPxb ivMivwMYx ev KxZbi myii mvnvh wbZ nqQ, ZeyI evDjmxZi hv
ewk Zv nQ myi, GZI iex`bv_ ewP wbq GmQb| iex`bv_i evDjvbi
mxZ ivMivwMYx wgk MjI evDjmxZi myii m Zvi GKwU PgrKvi mvgm
`Lv hvq, hgb,
1. eR gvwYK w`q Muv_v Avlvp Zvgvi gvjv MvbwUi mvwiZ mvb wgj
`kivwMYxi icwU|
2. Avwg ZviB Rvwb Avgvq hRb Avcb Rvb MvbwUi mvwiZ vb cqQ
wcjy ivwMYxwU|
3. ivwOq w`q hvI hvI Mv Gevi hvevi AvM MvbwU iex`bv_i evDjvbi
mxZi GKwU DrK wb`kb| wcjy ivwMYxwUI GZ wgk AvQ, ZeyI ac`i
gZ PviwU fvM Gi myi MwVZ nqwb| ivwOq w`q hvI hvI Mv Gevi hvevi
AvM MvbwU Avi nq evDjmxZi myi, wK KvbI mywbw`fve ev weklfve
wef bq ej myihvRbvq KvbI weN NUwb| evDjmyi I wcjy ivwMYx GKi
m AbwU wgjwgk AvQ| Mvbi K_vq hLvb hfve myi emvbv cqvRb
wVK mfveB myiwj vb Ki wbqQ, A_vr Mvbi c_g Ask e`bvi cKvk,
myiwUI wVK mB e`bvi AbyKj; Avi kl Ask hLvb K_vi mvnvh GK
Dbv`bvi fve dzU IV mLvb myiwUI mB c_i cw_K|
ivMwfwK iex`bv_i evDjvbi mxZi AviI KqKwU D`vniY,
1. ev`j evDj evRvqi GKZviv (Lv^vR ivM I mvwii Pvi gvvq Kvdv Zvj);
2. NiZ gi Gjv (Kvjsov ivM I evDji gvwK `Zjq);
3. euvav w`j euvae jovB (fiex ivM I evDji gvwK `Zjq) cfwZ|
GiKg AvKlYxq myi mwi ZvwM` iex`bv_ wewPiKg cixvwbixv KiQb,
KviY, imevai bvox hLb xY nq Avm Kkj ZLb KjvK Qvwoq hvq|
iex`bv_i vb wewP; wZwb Zuvi KvbI KvbI mxZ evDj mvabvi wKQy wKQy
cZxK k eenvi KiQb| evDji ic-^ic Z iex`bv_i ARvbv wQj bv,
ZvB wZwb ^xq Rxeb`kb cKvki cqvRb G ki cqvM NwUqQb; cKZ A_
iex`bv_ evDjB, ZvB Zuvi evDjvbi mxZ myii Acv evYx cvavb cqQ,
Aek G-Kzkjx cqvMi Rb Zuvi evDjvbi mxZ AbiKg gvvI cqQ;
Aek GI A^xKvi Kiv hvq bv h, Zuvi wKQy wKQy evDjvbi mxZ evDjfve
A; hgb, Avgvi K wbwe fvB, muwcZ PvB Avcbvi|/ Avgvi GB gb Mwjq
KvR fzwjq m Zv`i wbq hvi|41 iex`bv_ GLvb myii cwieZ fveKB
AwaK iZ w`qQb, wZwb myiK wbRi gZ KiB mvwRq wbqQb|
^qs iex`bv_ AbK RvqMvq gvbecg ev w`ecg G-`ywU welq KvbI
cv_K AuvKbwb, eis wZwb evSvZ PqQb h, gvbecgB Mfxi Hkxcgi Quvqv
jM gnvb-wbgj nZ cvi; ZeyI GK_v A^xKvi Kiv hvq bv h, Zuvi ^iwPZ
evDjvbi mxZ evOvwji `qK mePq ewk, wbweofve Qyuq hvq| iex`bv_i

41

evDjvbi mxZi AskB nQ wgk-evDj XO, cPwjZ Ges wbR^ XOi mvwi,
AvLihy Ges AvLinxb KxZb| GKgyVv D`vniY,
1.Kvb fxiK fq `Lvwe (wgk-evDj)| 2. Avwg ZviB Lyu R eovB (wgkevDj)| 3. Mvg Qvov H ivOv gvwUi c_ (mvwi)| 4. Gevi Zvi giv MvO (mvwi)|
5. Zvgvi Lvjv nvIqvq (wbR^ XOi mvwi)| 6. In Rxeb ejf (AvLihy
KxZb)| 7. gvS gvS Ze `Lv cvB (AvLihy KxZb)| 8. bv Pvwnj hvi cvIqv
hvq (AvLinxb KxZb)| 9. Avgwi bv ejv evYxi (AvLinxb KxZb)| 9. iv`b fiv
G em (AvLinxb KxZb); cfw Z|
evDj fvebvq AvcZ
y nq Ges fvwUqvjx I mvwi Mvbi myi eenvi Ki iex`bv_
ekwKQz mxZ mw KiQb, hgb wbZ Zvgvi h dzj dvU (fvwUqvjx); Avgvi
gb hLb RvMwj bvi (fvwUqvjx); Zvgvi Lvjv nvIqv (fvwUqvjx); Li evqy eq
eM (mvwi); Gevi Zvi giv MvO (mvwi); cfw Z| iex`bv_ evDjmxZi A
iic vivB cfvweZ nqQb, ewnivi m bq A_vr evDjmxZi hv ewk:
evDjmxZ cwiekb MvqK`i ^vaxbZv, iex`bv_ Zv MnY Kibwb, GRbB
iex`bv_i evDjvi mxZi RMrwU m~Yi c ^Z, wbR^ ewk Dj;
Avevi evDjmxZi gZB ewPnxb, GKNuqwg| evDjmxZ I iex`bv_i
evDjvi mxZ h Mfxi wgjwU j Kiv hvq Zv nQ Dfq kYxi mxZB
weini myiB cavb nq DVQ, G hb wein cg`bi wgjbRwbZ wein|
wekvj evsjv AvR RvwZZ I ag wef| wewQb evOvwj RvwZi AvR GB mePq eo
mgmv| evOvwjK G-Awfkvc _K gyw cZ nj exq evDjZ m^
wek`fve I ewjfve MelYv KiZ ne| Avi GiKg KiZ cvij evOvwj
HKe ne| evsjv`ki Mie ew Ki Zviv wekevmxi mvgb gnr GKwU `v
vcb KiZ mg ne| GKBm gb ivLZ ne h, evOvwji `ytL-`b, kvKmvbvq, wein-wgjb, we`vn-wece, wkvq-mvabvq, Av_-mvgvwRK Dbqb
cPvq evOvwj Rxebi me evsjv gvqi miv mvb iex`bv_ Rwoq AvQb;
Qwoq AvQb evsjvi GKZvivZ; myZivs ZuvK weZ Kivi KvbI myhvM bB|
evOvwji cqvRbB ZuvK iY KiZ ne hZw`b evOvwj bvgi gvbylwj GB
cw_exZ HKefve euP _vKvi cqvRbxqZv Dcjw Kie|

MxZweZvb, iex`bv_ VvKzi|

kvkwZKx-73

kvkwZKx-74

gvt nvib-Ai-ikx`

iex`bv_i wkvwPv : wkvwPvq iex`bv_

1.0
zj-KjR coqv`i ckc cvqkB KviK-wefw wbYqi Rb GKwU ck _vK
zj cvwjq iex`bv_ nIqv hvq bv| wK zj I wkK Abxn iex`bv_ iex`bv_
nq DVwQjb zj cvwjqB| iex`bv_ wbRK wbRB AwfwnZ KiQb zjcvjvbv ej| G bvg Zuvi AvKvkc`xc Kve GKwU KweZv AvQ| m KweZvi
cviwK PiYwU GiKg :
gvvwi-kvmb-`yM wmuu`KvUv Qj/ Kvmi KZe dj/ Rvwb bv Kx Uvb/ QzwUZvg
A`ii DcwZ wbRb evMvb|
jYxq h, Zuvi Abyfe gvvwi GK aibi kvmb Ges zj nQM kvmbkvjvic
`~M Ges wZwb wbR wQjb m `~Mi wmuaKvUv `yi-`yevi Qj| Ab wZwb zjK
`~M _K Aviv bwgZ Ki hvwK Kj ej AvLvwqZ KiQb| Zuvi fvlvq :
Bzj ewjZ Avgiv hvnv eywS m GKUv wkv w`evi Kj| gvvi GB KviLvbvi GKUv Ask|
mvo `kUvi mgq Nv evRvBqv KviLvbv Lvj| Kj PwjZ Avi nq, gvviiI gyL PwjZ
_vK| PviUvi mgq KviLvbv e nq, gvvi-KjI ZLb gyL e Kib; Qviv `yB-Pvi cvZv
Kj QuvUv we`v jBqv evwo di| Zvici cixvi mgq GB we`vi hvPvB nBqv Zvnvi Dci
gvKv cwoqv hvq| GB KjQvUv we`v mK iex`bv_ ejb, Bnvi KviY, G
wkvcYvjx Kji cYvjx, BnvZ gb LvU bv, Qjiv ZvZv cvwL ewbqv hvq| [wkvmsvi,
fvvi, R 1313 (1906)|]

AvekK| welqUv Pvwcq `Iqvi bq MnYKvwgZvi| fvjvjvMvi Uvb I

Avb`gqZvi AvKlY AvK cvVKgvB hbv cKZ
wkvjvfi Rb AvMnx nq
IV wkvcYvjx GiKg nIqv PvB| Avi GKevi cvVKi AvMni cvj nvIqv
jvMj wkvi iKgdi h cKviB nvK cvVKi ZvZ AvZwbwgwZ NUe; cvVe
AvxKZ nq DVe| dj wkvi hv cKZ
Dk Zv ARb Ki cvVK AvjvwKZ
ewZ I kwg wkwZ gvbylic Mo DVe| Ges RvwZ jvf Kie `vwqZcivqY,
KZewb, mZwcq Rbkw|
wK iex`bv_i mgKvj Zv eUB Zuvi Rbi mvakZel ciI wkveevq G
`k I `k (fviZ) GLbI iq MQ MvovqMj`| Mj`Uv KxiKg m mK
GKUv aviYv bIqv hZ cvi gv GKwk eQi eqm wkjvB`n _K jvK`bv_
cvwjZi AvwZ_ ivRkvnxZ Avmv Ges ivRkvnx Gmvwmqkbi Abyiva (AMnvqY
1299, bf^i 1892, cKvk-mvabv, 1892, cKvkmvabv, cl 1299) wjwLZ
wkvi nidi ce DwjwLZ wbgv `vwU _K :
GKwU M AvQ, GKRb `wi` mg kxZKvj A A wfv mq Kwiqv hLb kxZe
wKwbZ mg nBZ ZLb Mx Avwmqv cwoZ, Avevi mg MxKvj Pv Kwiqv hLb jNye
jvf KwiZ ZLb AMnvqY gvmi gvSvgvwS, `eZv Zvnvi `b `wLqv `qv` nBqv ei w`Z
Pvwnjb, ZLb m Kwnj, Avwg Avi wKQz Pvwn bv, Avgvi GB nidi NyPvBqv `vI|
DZ Aski cieZx cvivq iex`bv_i Dcmsnvi G iKg, Avgv`i mB cv_bv|
Avgv`i nidi NywPjB Avgiv PwiZv_ nB| kxZi mwnZ kxZe, Mxi mwnZ Mxe, Kej
GK KwiZ cvwiZwQ bv ewjqvB Avgv`i GB `b; bwnj AvQ Avgv`i mKjB| GLb Avgiv
weavZvi wbKU GB ei Pvwn, Avgv`i zavi mwnZ Ab, kxZi mwnZ e, fvei mwnZ fvlv, wkvi
mwnZ Rxeb Kej GK Kwiqv `vI...| [wkv, wekfviZx, 1973, c:7 19|]

ck DVZ cvi, zj cvwjq, cPwjZ wkveevq Amw cKvk Ki GKRb `vnx

coqv iex`bv_ Kxfve cieZxKvj RvwZMVb DchvMx GKRb Abb weij wkvwe`
nq DVjb| Ges Zuvi m wkvwPv KvjvxY evweK mZfvebv ev `kb ic jvf
Kijv? G cki Di Dchy iex` Dwq Ges mywkwZ ewgvB ^wkwZ
K_vUvi ga LuyR cvIqv hve| iex`bv_ ^wkwZ wQjb Ges mywkwZI AekB|
A_vr gb LvUvbv wkvq wkwZ wQjb wZwb| G KviYB wZwb cvwZvwbK wkvi
Mj` gvMZ ^Abykxjb, Aavqb I cVb-cvVbi gvag Luy R ei KiZ mg nq
wkvbyivMx I wkvwPvwe` iex`bv_ cwiYZ nq DVZ ciwQjb| Ab K_vq,
^q~ Ckii gZv AvcbvZ Avcwb RvZ Z_v AvZwbwgZ wkv-Ckimg mgybwZ jvf
KiwQjb| iex`bv_ wekvm KiZb ZvZv cvwLi gZv AbeiZ Kvbv welq
AvIwoq AvIovbv i Kiv hvq, ndR& Kiv hvq wK ZvZ gbi ga welqMZ
A_i PvivMvQ MRvq bv Zvrch Abyaveb Kiv hvq bv| dj KvRi KvR wKQzB nq
bv| GiKg we`vRbKB iex`bv_ cePwbK fvlvq cKvk KiQb Gfve MMZ
we`v Avi cin ab/ bn we`v bn ab nj cqvRb|
wZwb Aviv Dcjw KiwQjb, Avb`i m hy bv nj Kvbv we`vB Zv
gvbewe`v, hwe`v-wevb, wPwKrmvwevb, bwevb, gbvwevb, f~Mvj-BwZnvm,
`kb, agZ hvB nvK bv Kb, Zv AvZKiYvchvMx nq IV bv| ZvB mecKvi
wkv I wkveevq Avb`gqZv, imgqZv, myLgqZvi mswkZv AwbevhfveB

G ce AvekK cvVi m wkv_xi ^vaxb cvVQvi mswkZv Awbevh gb KiQb

iex`bv_| bBj Zvi eywewK bvevjKZ NuvP bv Ges m AbKUv cwigvY evjK
_vwKqvB hvq| h wkv jvf Ki wkv_x AbKUv cwigvY evjK _vwKqvB hvq mB
wkvgvn _K Kb Avgiv gy nZ cvwi bv? Kb cvwi bv ZgmvQb fyji PvivMwj
_K ewiq Gm AvjvwKZ evei cvKv ivvq c`vcb KiZ? G cki DiI

kvkwZKx-75

kvkwZKx-76

cmZ Ze h, iex`bv_i wkvwPv welqK ce wkvi nidi-Gi cvZwK

ge GwU| g~j cewU mK ewgP` Pvcvavq GK c iex`bv_K
wjLwQjb, ...wkv m^xq cewU Avwg `yBevi cwoqvwQ| cwZ Q Avcbvi msM
Avgvi gZi HK AvQ| [cm K_v, wZb Lvwb c, mvabv 12991300,
c:44041|] ay ewgP` PvcvavqB bb, Rvwm i`vm e`vcvavq Ges
fviZxq ivsjvi Avb`vgvnb emyI iex`bv_i cev gZwjK c weklfve
mg_b Kib| [cv, iex`bv_i wkvwPv, c:70|] GLb ck nQ, wkvi
nidi ce iex`bv_i g~j ee Kx wQj? D ce iex`bv_i cviwK
ee wQj GiKg : hZUzKz AvekK Kej Zvnvi gaB Ave _vKv gvbe Rxebi ag
bn| Avgiv wKqrcwigvY AvekK kLj e nBqv _vwK Ges wKqrcwigvY ^vaxb|
Avgv`i `n mvo wZb nvZi ga Ave, wK ZvB ewjqv mB mvo wZb nvZ cwigvY Mn
wbgvY Kwij Pj bv| ^vaxb Pjvdivi Rb AbKLvwb vb ivLv AvekK, bZzev Avgv`i
^v Ges Avb`i evNvZ nq| wkv m^I GKB K_v LvU| [cv, c: 65|]

AvQ wkvi nidi ce| cvwi bv G KviY h, hbZb cKvi ^Zg mgq
wkv mgv Ki mvwUwdKU jvf Ges wewbgq PvKwi cvw; A_ DcvRb| G KviYB
Avgiv wkv AvxKiY I KvjcY AbvMnx| GKB KviY Qj`i nvZ Kvb
mLi eB `wLjB mUv ZrYvr wQwbqv jBZ nq| dj wkv_xiv wmjevm ewnf~Z
egyLx cvVvfvm Abf nq co Ges gvbyl wnme gbylZ ARb Zviv ewMZ I
RvwZMZfve eywewZ `yej-wbj I e_ nq; wkv AvxKiY kw ARb Kiv hvq
bv| ceKvii fvlvq Zvnvi dj nq GB h, nRg kwUv mKj w`K nBZB nvm
nBqv Avm|[cv] mw nq gvbwmK e`nRg Ges AvwZK cwicy nq enZ|
Avgv`i wkveevi G GK fqven wb`viY msKU| evwaI ejv hvq| Avi evwaB h
msvgK, ^v bq G K_v K bv Rvb! wK Avgiv eySZ PvBb h, wkv_x`i
^vaxbZv niY hbv Mi mB Z_vKw_Z meivM AvivMg Mvg nvZzo KweivRi
RbK PgivMM ivMxK c`q wb`ki gZv whwb Zuvi ivMxK ejwQjb,
kixi GB gjgUv `uvwoq gvLv hve bv, em gvLv hve bv, q gvLv hve bv, Ni
gvLv hve bv, evBi gvLv hve bv, AvjvZ gvLv hve bv, AKvi gvLv hve bv, w`b
gvLv hve bv, ivZ gvLv hve bv| KweivR gkvqi GZv me wewawbla kvbvi ci
wKsKZeweg~p nZfvM fyfvMx ivMx mweq RvbZ PvBjb, Zv nj Kx Kiv
hve? Gevi KweivR gkvqi mvRvmvdUv Reve Kx Zv KivB hve bv| Avgv`i
wkv eevq cKZ Mj` GLvbB| A_vr KweivR gkvqi Revei Kx Zv KivB hve
bv-Gi gZv wblavv Rvwi Ki coqv`i ^vaxb cvV _K wePyr Ki MuvovKji
AZj Mnei wbevwmZ Kiv|
iex`wkvwPv GKv GKUz Mfxifve Abyaveb Kij, ejZB nq, wkvi mv_
Avb`i mvxf~Z nIqvi AgZgqZvi Zvrch AvR Ae&wa Avgiv Dcjw KiZ cviwQ
bv ev KiwQ bv| evjKvj _K Avb`wegy wkvi m msjM _vKvi dj
vmsviKewjZ Avgiv AgZm cy nIqvi mfvM _K wbR`i wbRivB ewZ
Ki PjwQ eQii ci eQi-hyMi ci hyM| GB vwi eovRvj wQb Ki mZv^lyAvb`v^ly nZ bv cvij Awbevhfve ewMZ, mgwMZ I RvwZMZ `b`kvq
cwZZ nevi mvebv h mywbwZ Zv ejvi Acv ivL bv|

`ki AwaKvsk jvKi wkvi Dci hw` `ki DbwZi vqxZ wbfi Ki, Ze
gvZfvlv Qvov Avi Kvbv MwZ bvB, G K_v Kn bv eywSj nvj Qvwoqv w`Z nq|
[mvabv, P 1299 (1893)| gv lvjv eQi eqm iex`bv_ wkvi gvag wnme
gvZfvlvi cwZ h kv I iZ Avivc KiQb AvRxeb m wekvm _K wZwb
GKPzjI wePyr nbwb| gv, gvZfvlv, gvZfw~ g cii AweQ` I wbweo eb msnZ|
imsevnxPZbv cevn gvZfvlvi f~wgKv ay AbbB bq-weKnxbI eU| wPv kw
Ges Kbv kw Rxebhvv wbevni c `yBwU AZvekK kw m`n bvB| [ mvabv,
P 1299 (1893)] wK G `ywU kw ARb KiZ nj gvZfvlv wkv Riwi wfb
`wk fvlvq me bq| evjKvj nBZ hw` fvlv wkvi m m fve wkv nq Ges
fvei m mg Rxebhvv wbqwgZ nBZ _vK ZeB Avgv`i mg Rxebi ga
GKUv h_v_ mvgm vwcZ nBZ cvi, Avgiv ek mnR gvbyli gZv gvbyl nBZ
cvwi Ges mKj welq GKUv h_vhZ cwigvY aiZ cvwi| [cv, c:69|]
GBfve wbR wbR wPvkw, fvebvkw, Kbvkw KvR jvwMq AvwZK weKvk,
gvbwmK weKvk, `kcg-gvbecg, `vwqZ I KZeeva, mZwb-bvqwb I
JwPZeva DvwaZ nq IVvi bvg wkv| GiKg wkvq wkwZ nq DVZ bv
cvij Zvi cwiYwZ ne wbgv iex` Dwi gZv : hgb hgb cwoZwQ Agwb m
m fveZwQ bv Bnvi A_ GB h Z~c DuPy KwiZwQ wK m m wbgvY KwiZwQ
bv|...msMnhvM wRwbmUv hLwb nvZ Avm ZLwb Zvnvi eenviwU Rvbv, Zvnvi cKZ

cwiPqwU cvIqv, Rxebi m m Rxebi AvkqjwU Mwoqv ZvjvB ixwZgZ wkv| gvbyl
GKw`K evwoZQ, Avi Zvnvi we`v Avi GK w`K Rgv nBZQ; Lv` GK w`K fvviK
fvivv KwiZQ cvKh Avi GK w`K Avcbvi RviK im AvcbvK RxY Kwiqv
dwjZQ Avgv`i `k GB GK cKvi Af~Zc~e Kv PwjZQ| [cv, c: 67-68]

Kej hvnv wKQz wbZv AvekK ZvnvB K KwiZwQ| Zgb Kwiqv Kvb gZ KvR Pj
gv, wK weKvk nq bv| nvIqv LvBj cU fi bv, Avnvi Kwij cU fi, wK AvnviwU
ixwZgZ nRg Kwievi Rb nvIqv LvIqv `iKvi| Zgwb GKUv wkvcyK ixwZgZ nRg
KwiZ AbKwj cvVcy Ki mvnvh AvekK| Avb`i mwnZ cwoZ cwoZ cwoevi kw
AjwZfve ew cvBZ _vK; MnYkw-aviYvkw ek mnR Ges ^vfvweK wbqg ej jvf
Ki| wK GB gvbwmK kw nvmKvix wbivb` wkvi nvZ nBZ evOvwj Kx Kwiqv GovBe,
wKQzZB fvweqv cvIqv hvq bv| [cv,c:65-66]

wkvi nidi iex`bv_i c_g mPZb wkvwPv welqK ce| Avii c~eI
hgb Avi _vKmvejv c`xc Rvjvbvi c~e hgb weKvjejv mjZ cvKvbv
wVK mB iKg AvjvP cei c~e Zuvi wkvwPvi cKvk NUQ gv lvjv eQi
eqm iwPZ gNbv` ea ce [1877, kveY 1284; cv, iex`bv_i wPvRMZwkvwPv, c: 3|] D ce wkv welq cmZ iex`bv_ ejb :

iex`bv_i Kvj wkveevi h eYbv Avgiv cjvg AvRKi evsjv`k, GgbwK

fviZI Zvi Zgb Kvb KvjvchvMx DbZZi DrKl mvwaZ nqQ Ggb K_v
Rvi Ki ejv hve bv| eZgvb evsjv`k cwgZ Kvb wkvbxwZ Pjgvb bv _vKvq
A_-we m GKwU GwjU kwYi ga BsiwR wkvi ceYZv cej AvKvi aviY
KiQ| Kw_Z k&wYi jvKiv Zuv`i Qj-gq`i wPvKlK-kwZwmKi bvbv
bvgi bvbv evi Bswjk zj-KjRjvZ A_i Rvi covbvi myhvM MnY Ki
gwKvmsjM fvlv mswZi cwZ c`kb Ki PjQ AnsMex Aev, Aenjv Ges
Pig elgi w`K Vj w`Q gvZfvlvK| GZ Ki GK w`K wenxb Mvxi
`xbZg Qj-gqiv AvRvwZK fvlv BsiwR wkvi myhvM _K ewZ nQ,
Abw`K wKvi MvUbmn Bswjk zj-KjRjvZ coqv Qj-gq`i ga
^`ki, ^fvlvi wkv-msw Z, `kR ixwZbxwZ-wkvPvi, `ki Av_-mvgvwRKivvwK I fMvwjK cwiwPwZ, `ki BwZnvm-HwZn Ges ^`kvbyivMg~jK wkv
AvZKiY mw nQ wecyj Abxnvwei AbvMn| G mKj Qv-Qvxi AbK
gvZfvlvI ic Avq KiZ cviQ bv| Avevi h BsiwR Zviv wkLQ ZvZ
gbi fve cKvk Zviv KZUv mg nq DVQ mUvI cixv Ki `Lvi welq|
Gw`K `kxq fvlv gvag cwiPvwjZ wkv cwZvbmg~n _K cvk Kiv AMwYZ
mvZK chvqi wWwMcv Qv-Qvx`i ejvski K_v ev` w`jI Lv` evsjv

kvkwZKx-77

kvkwZKx-78

mvwnZi mvZKvi AbK wkwZ Qj-gq Ki evsjvZ GKUv `iLvI

wjLZ cvi bv| G _K Abyfe Kiv me h, AaxZ welq AvZKiYi g~j
DkwU ejZ Mj GKevi gvV gviv hvQ| K_vUv `yfvlv gvag wkvQz
`yaibi Qv-Qvxi ejvZB mgfve chvR| AZ h Kvb GKwU fvlv
h_vh_fve wkLjI jv cvevi Kvb KviY _vK bv| wK huviv Kvwo Kvwo UvKv
LiP Ki Zuv`i Qj-gq`i BsiwR wkvq wkwZ Ki PvKwii evRvi Zv`i
gvKU fjy Zz Zvjvi Pv Ki `kgvZKvi fvlv-mswZ-HwZni cwZ Akv
e Ki `vwqZnxbZvi cwiPq w`Qb Zgwb Zuv`i DbvwmKZv I miKvwi
Aeevcbvi KviY mgvR kwYMZ elg evoQ fqiic| iex`bv_ gb Kib
gvZfvlv Qvov cKZ wkv I vb jvf Kiv me bq| GgbwK ^c `LvI| G welq
wZwb `v `b Rvgvwbi| RvgvwbZ hZ w`b bv gvZfvlvi Av`i nBqvwQj ZZw`b
Zvnvi h_v_ AvZv`i Ges AvZvbwZ nq bvB|[cv, cm K_v-1 (wZb Lvwb c),
c:72] ay Rvgvwb Kb, vb-wevb mf-DbZ h Kvb `ki I GKB K_v|
Avgv`i `k _K huviv Gg.G. Ki we`k hvb DPZg wWwM ARb KiZ Zuviv
welqUv mgK AeMZ AvQb| Kvb `kB m `ki fvlv bv wkLj, bv Rvbj
KvDK Aaqb I MelYvi myhvM `qv nq bv| gvZfvlvK Aev Ki weklZv
ARbi Pvi dj Kx nq Zvi GKwU cK bwRi gvBKj gaym~`b `i LvwZgvb
BsiR Kwe nIqvi wbj cqvm| BsiwRZ wjwLZ Zuvi Captive Lady cKvwkZ nj
KvDwj Ae GWyKkbi mfvcwZ wWsKIqvUvi exUb-Gi wbKU Zvi GK Kwc cwiZ
nq| exUb gaym~`bi cwZfvi cksmv Kib wK Mi`vm emvKK wjwLZ GK c
DjL Kib h, But he coud render far greater service to his country and have a
better chance of achiving a lasting reputation for himself, if he will employ the
taste and talents, which he has cultivated by the slok of the poems of his own
language,if poetry at all events he must write. [hvMx`bv_ emy; RxebPwiZ, 4_ msiY]

we`k emevmKvj wZj wZj ga~m~`b exUb-Gi ge Abyaveb KiQb Ges

cwikl Zuvi evav`q NUQ I gvZfvlvi cwZ AvwiK AvKlY eva KiQb, hvi
cK cwiPq cvB Zuvi efvlv-kxlK mbU|
1.1
Ze G K_v mZ h, AvRvwZK fvlv wnme BsiwRi K`i AvQ, ZvB ej
gvZfvlv ZvM Ki ZvK Av`i Ki WK Gb Ni `Lji myhvM `qv DwPZ bq|
wZxq fvlv wnme h_ iZmn BsiwR kLv hZ cvi; GgbwK mva, mva I
gav _vKj Ab h Kvb fvlvI| wK gvZfvlvK Aenjv Ki bq| G
bvbvb `ki bvbvb fvlv web ^`kx fvlv gU wK AvkvAvyj nvwKgi G Dw
AZ g~jevb Ges iex` Dwi m mvwZkq mwZc~Y| Avyj nvwKgi DwwU
wewQb wK iex`bv_i GZwelqK fvebv jvMvZvi Ges gvMZ DrKl I hywgyLx|
mZ KviYB wZwb ejZ cvib, gyLyRi QjK Mo Mo k BsiwR eZv KwiZ
wbj euvohi QjKI mB P~ov Mie nBZ ewZ KwiZ Zvnvi evci cew nq bv|
ZLb hw` ZuvnvK eySvBqv ejv hvq h evK evBU MvWvbi fvlvi mwnZ cPzi cwigvY
cvbvcyKzii Rj wgkvBqv GKwU e kveK h e K A_ev Avqvm MvUvKZK AwKwrKi
K_v ewjqv Mj, DnvZ Kvb KvRB nBj bv, Dnv bv Avgv`i `ki AtKiY vqx nBj,
kvkwZKx-79

bv wejvwZ mvwnZ cek Kwij...Dnv Acv evsjv fvlvq fve cKvk Kwievi PvI mnmY
mdjZv AvQ| Ze Gme K_v euvohi KY vb jvf Ki bv, gyLy Ri Qji BsiwR duvKv
AvIqvRi KvQ ^`ki mg `vwe Zvnvi wbKU GZB xY ewjqv gb nq| [cv, cm
K_v-1,mvabv, P 1299 (1893 )]|

gvZfvlvq Z_v wkvq ^`kx fvlv Aej^b Kiv Kb Riwi iex`bv_i DwmgyPq
_K BZvgaB Zv mgKfve AeMZ nIqv MQ| Gevi wkvi m Kb Avb`
_vKv cqvRb Ges wkvcYvjxi wU Kv_vq Zvi Dci AvjvKcvZ Kiv hZ cvi|
iex`bv_ gb Kib, wkv Zv h cKviiB nvKmyLKi, Avb`gq I Abvqvmj bv
nj Zv wkv_xi c AvxKiY Kiv `yi nq Ges wkvi g~j Dk h gvbmweKvk,
wPvkwi Dbl Ges Kbvkwi DrKl mvabZv KLbB h_vh_fve cZvwkZ
cwigvY nZ cvi bv| G welq iex`bv_i cyb Kvei QjUv[28 kveY
1339] KweZvwU GKwU PgrKvi `v nZ cvi| h vb wkv_xi ^AwfZvq RvwiZ
bq, m vb cKZ
vb bq; m AwfZvI cixvj mwVK AwfZv bq| Kw_Z
KweZvi QjUv mewKQzB cixv Ki `LZ Pvq; cixvj mZKB m Kej mZ
ej gb Ki| AcixwZ Kvb wKQzB Zvi wbKU MnYhvM bq| `wLB bv Kx nqZviB wewea cixv Kiv nj QjwUi AvRb Kvji ^fve| KZ~nj Zvi A`g| ZvB
M`euvav Avb`-myLnxb cvVM covi Zvi AvMn bB gvUB|
nvRvi iKg gRv w`q Ii Rxeb Niv| I wKQz ivLZ Pvq bv, ay `LZ Pvq
[cv]| KLbI ei cvKv KvMRi ev Gb ivL/ LZ `q Mveii wU|
Avevi KLbIev, Kvjv evO Zzj ai Lc Ki,/ evMvb AvQ LuvUv cvZvi GK
MZ,/ Zvi ga mUv cvl,/ cvKv gvKo `q LZ| [cv]
GK w`b GKUv nj mvc ivLj gvvii W,/ fvej `wLB bv Kx Ki gvvi
gkvq [cv]
GBme KiB hvi w`b hvq, m Qji fvjv Qv nevi K_v bq| Zvi Dci gvvi
gkvq`i Zz nevi K_v bq| wK Zuv`i eySevi gZv wQj bv h, Ggb Acwigq
cixvwfjvlx wKkvii gbvib Kivi gZv wkZvl M bv nj Ii AvMn ai
ivLv hve Kx Ki? Avi Kx KiBev Agb `yi `yevi meyR gbi cwiZzw mvab Kiv
hve? gvviiv bv eySjI wk gbi Gme K_v whwb h_v_fve evSb, Zuvi bvg
iex`bv_| whwb wbRK Rvbb, GKgv ZuviB ejvi AwaKvi, GLbI Pbv nj bv
wbRK| [eZgvb AvjvPK, f`cvovq _vKb bv Cki: iex`Kve mvaviY gvbyl,
3q msiY, kvfv cKvk, XvKv, GKzki eB gjv 2010, c:120123]
GB h bvbvwea cKvi, wbRi Avb`wgwkZ Kbvkw KvR jvwMq, wewea cKvi
Pvicvki RMZ msmvii AmsL wewP AbylK cixv Ki AvZweKwkZ Kivi
wkv mB wkvB evweK h_v_ wkv| Avgv`i cPwjZ wkv cYvjxZ Gi Kvb
myhvM bB| GwUB Avgv`i wkv cYvjx I wkvbxwZi mePq eo wU| Avb`gq
cvVeBqi eo Afve| j
z cvjvbv iex`bv_ ^xq AwfZvq G Afve, G wU nvo
nvo Ui cqwQjb| m KviYB Zuvi cvV, Zuvi jLv KweZvjv QjUvi
coZ gb jvM bv wKQzZB/ Ggb wbiU eyw|/ cvZvjv `yvwg Ki KU iL
`q,/ ej Bu`y i KUQ|/ GZ eo euv`i| QjwUi wei Aw^K gvvii GB

kvkwZKx-80

AwfhvMi Di Kwe Reve `b AKcU, m wU AvgviB,/ _vKZ Ii wbRi

RMZi Kwe,/ Zv nj ei cvKv GZ nZ Zvi Q`/ I QvoZ cviZ bv|/
Kvbv w`b evOi LuvwU K_vwU ciwQ wK wjLZ,/ Avi mB bwo KzKzii UvRwW|
[cv] Ggb mij ^xKvivwi Zvrch Dcjw Kiv Mj Avgv`i cPwjZ wkv
cYvjxi Mj` wkvwe``i wPvq aiv coZv GZw`b| bv aiv covi KviY, Avgiv
huv`i wkvwe` ej AwfwnZ Kwi Zuviv Avmj wkvwecYb wekvi` ew| QovKvii
fvlvq, wkKiv we`v eP/ Uvj Lvjv h AbK Mn| GB Uvji KjQuvUv ev
m wkwZ kwY cKZ wkwZ bq| ^wkwZ Zv bqB mvwUwdKUcv AwkwZ|
wkvi g~j Dk nIqv DwPZ mvwUwdKU cvIqv bq gvbyl nIqv| G me `L
b mL` ceKviK ejZB nq, Qj hw` gvbyl KwiZ PvB Ze Qjejv
nBZB ZvnvK gvbyl KwiZ Avi KwiZ nBe; bZzev m QjB _vwKe, gvbyl
nBe bv| wkKvj nBZB, Kej iY kwi Dci mg fi bv w`qv, m m h_v
cwigvY wPvkw I Kbvkwi ^vaxb cwiPvjbvi Aemi w`Z nBe| mKvj nBZ
mv ch KejB jvOj w`qv Pvl Ges gB w`qv Xjv fvOv, KejB VOvjvwV gyL
Ges GKRvwgbAv`i GB gvbe-Rbg-Gi c Avgv`i GB `yjf mvbv
djvBevi c h_ bn| [AMnvqY 1299, bf^i 1892,cKvk-mvabv, cl 1299|]
Avgv`i Qj`i gvbyl bv nIqvi AbKjv KviYi ga ceKvii kbvKZ
`ywU KviY nQ, (1) Kej wbim evKiY Ges we`wk Awfavb-Gi ga Zv`iK
AvQb Kwiqv djv| Ges (2) h mfvMevb RvwZiv `kxq fvlvq wkv jvf Ki
Zvnviv c_g nBZ aviYv Kwievi wPv Kwievi Aemi cvq| Avi nBZ Zvnv`i
fve cKvk Kwievi myhvM NU| [cv, cm K_v-1, c:73|] Dw `ywU mwekl
cwbavbhvM| Avi cwbavbhvM ejB QjUv KweZvi QjUvi ^vaxb fvebv Ges
Abymwrmv I IwiwRbvwjwU AbyKiYhvM| wK Kvbv Kvbv BsiR AavcK
Avc Kwiqv _vKb h, evOvwj Qv`i ga IwiwRbvwjwUi Kvbv jY `wLZ
cvIqv hvq bv| [cv,c: 74] G welq iex`bv_i Di GiKg, m K_v mZ|
wK KPzi Avev` Kwiqv, Kjvi Kuvw` cvIqv hvBZQ bv ewjqv cwiZvc Kiv kvfv
cvq bv| XuwKi KvwV wbqwgZ c`vNvZ viv PvwjZ nBqv Awekvg gv_v Lywoqv
mgyPviic avb fvwbZ cvi, wK ZvnvZ cvZv MRvq bv, dj dj bv| G Rb
Ab h Lywk Avc KiK, wK h QzZvi mRxe MvQ KvwUqv GB wbRxe XuwK
evbvBqvQ m Kb wewZ nq| [cv, c: 74|]
1.2
h_ Avb`gqZvi m cov, ^vaxbfve wPv Kiv, Abymwrmy nIqv, gvZfvlvq
wkv MnYi AwaKvi wbwZ Kiv hgb iex`wkvwPvi ggMZ Zvrch Zgwb Zuvi
wkvwPvi Aviv KqKwU Awfg nQ, (1) mij nBZ g `yin AvivnY, (2)
cwiwPZ nZ AcwiwPZ hvv, (3) q nZ Aq cwigY, (4) wbKU nZ `~i
Abymvb Ges (5) miKvi wbqYgy wkv cwZvb cwiPvjbvi eev Kiv| Zuvi
fvlvq, vb wkv wbKU nBZ `~i, cwiwPZ nBZ AcwiwPZi w`K MjB Zvnvi
wfw cvKv nBZ cvi| h e PZzw`K weZ bq, h e myL DcwZ bvB,
Avgv`i vbPPv hw` cavbZ ZvnvK Aej^b KwiqvB nBZ _vK Ze m vb `yej

nBeB| hvnv cwiwPZ ZvnvK m~Yi c h_v_fve Avq KwiZ wkwLj Ze hvnv
AcZ hvnv AcwiwPZ, Zvnv MnY Kwievi kw Rb| [Qv`i cwZ mvlY, iPbv
P 1311, cKvk-e`kb, ekvL 1312 (1905)-exq mvwnZ cwil` fvlY]
aviYvkw ewj nq| Kbvkw ew cvq| Avi Kbvkw ew cj Abymwrmv
evo| mij nZ `yin i wPvkw cwiPvjbvi nv RvM| hgb cyb Kvei
iOiwRbx [25 kveY 1339] KweZvi bvwqKv Avwgbv, eqm hvi mZiv, m
w`MweRqx cwZ I kvwYZ eywmb AcivRq ZvwKK kijvji BQvgZ iO Kiv
cvMwo bvjvi avi ZuZ
y MvQi Qvqvq em ayq wbq Nvmi Dci wewQq w`Z wMq
j Kij, cvMwoi GK KvY jLv AvQ GKwU kvKi GKwU PiY Zvgvi
kxc` gvi jjvU weivR| em! Agwb Avwgbvi Abymvbx gb mw nj GK A`g
KZ~nj| ePvix Avwgbv K_vUvi A_ em em fvej AbK Y; Zvici Kx gb
Ki iwOb myZv Ni _K Gb/ cvMwoZ AviK PiY wjL w`j/ cik cvBb
ZvB `qi gvS| GB h cvMwoi KvY ki jvji jLv mij GKwU evKi A_
Abyaveb Ki AM~p `yin Zvrch GKv GKvB DcbxZ nZ mg nj Avwgbv GUvB
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cvi ci cv wjL MQb mswk cwZeM| hgb, K.wm.AMWb I AvB.G.wiPvWm
The Meaning of Meaning (1923) bvgB GKwU cyiv eB wjLwQjb, hLvb A_i
msv wQj evBkwU, hvi gvag GUvB cgvY KiZ PqQb h A_i mywbw` I
Amsevw`Z A_ bB| A_i mv_ ki ev evKvski h Awb`k mK
iex`bv_i PvL mwU aiv cowQj weklfve| hKviY ejQb cybi
KvgjMvvi KweZvi iZ :
bvg iLwQ KvgjMvvi/ gb gb|/ hw` Kvb hZ AevK nq _vKZ em,/ ejZ nm
gvb Kx|/gvb wKQyB hvq bv evSv mB gvbUvB LuvwU|

A_ msv GKB aibi ge iqQ GKB KveMi fxi kxlK KweZvq|

gvwUKzjkbi Qv emyPZzi eUK
GKw`b Kx KviY/ mybxZK w`qwQj Dcvwa cignsm ej|/ g mUv nj cvwZnuvm|/
klKvj nj nuvmLvwj/ Kvbv Zvi A_ bB, mB Zvi LuvPv|

Ze Kx A_i mv_KZv bB ej gb Kib iex`bv_? eZ Zv bq, A_

AbKmgqB cKvkK mxwgZ Ki `q, fveK cyiv Zzj aiZ cvi bvGgbwUB
Zuvi ee| `LQb, bv cvi eySvZ Avcwb bv eyS/ gvbyl wdwiQ K_v Luy R LuyR
(cyivi, mvbvi Zix)| GB KweZvq wKQy ci wbR `vwqZ wbqwQjb eU, wKQy
NyPvBe mB evKzjZv/ wKQy wgUvBe cKvki e_v wK wbRB msKU co ejQb:

kvkwZKx-93

hvnv wKQy ewj AvwR me e_v nq,/ gb ej gv_v bvwoG bq, G bq|/ h K_vq cvY gvi
cwic~YZ
g/ m K_v evR bv Kb G exYvq gg| (gb, PZvwj)

G-msKU wK k^Zvi KviY? bv, GKRb evM_ZvwKi gZvB `LQb mgqi

cwigvq, eenvii cbtcywbKZvq ki A_f`x wbkvbvkw Kg Avm|
ejwQjb fvlv I Q` KweZvq :
gvbyli fvlvUzKz A_ w`q e Pvwiavi/ Nyi gvbyli PZzw`K| AweiZ ivww`b/ gvbei
cqvRb cvY Zvi nq Avm xY|
evYxi GB weeZb mK klRxeb ejQb, eY kvPbxq nvq Zvi Pq/ GK Kvj
hvnv ic cq / Kvj Kvj A_nxbZvq/ gk wgjvq (9 bs KweZv kl jLv)|

GQvov A_i AviK mgmv nQ, cvqk m Awfav kw ev evPv_ Qvwoq

jv_ MnY Ki| wK ZvZ KLbv KLbv Kviv Avcw _vKZB cvi| hgb wQj
m~ wePvi bvUKi PxPiYi| bvUKi iZ Kejivgi mv_ Zvi K_vcK_bi
wKQy Ask cov hvK :
Kejivg| gkvq, fvjv AvQb ?
PxPiY| fvjv AvQb gvb Kx?
Kejivg| A_vr my AvQb|
PxPiY| ^v KvK ej?
Kejivg| Avwg wRvmv KiwQjg, gkvqi kixi-MwZK
PxPiY| Ze ZvB ejv| Avgvi kixi Kgb AvQ RvbZ PvI| Ze Kb
wRvmv KiwQj Avwg Kgb AvwQ? Avwg Kgb AvwQ Avi Avgvi kixi Kgb AvQ
wK GKB nj?

G-Mj ki AvwiK ev Avw` A_ ai Acii mv_ ZK| wK eKzi LvZv

cnmbi Awebvk wbRB wbRi evK wbq msKU cowQj| msKUgvPbi Rb m
cqvRb AvwiK A_i AmsMwZ gb wbqI gbi fve cKvk Zrci nqwQj|
NUbvwU njv Awebvk gbvigvK GKwU AvswU Dcnvi w`Z Pvq| Ze Kx wjL cvVve
mB wbq mgmv| c_g jL `exc`Zj wegy fi c~Rvcnvi| wK Zvici
mgmvq co c`Zj kUv LvUQ bv ej, KviY DcnviUv Zv AvswU| Avevi KiZj
wjLj c~Rvcnvi egvbvb nq hvq| ay Dcnvi kwUI gbi fve cK fve cKvk
KiZ cviQ bv ej Awebvki gb nq| K`vi civgk `q cYqvcnvi wjLZ
m mgmv euvavq `ex kwU| GBme RwUjZv cgvY Ki Avgiv A_i mv_
awbiI GKUv mvgm PvB| iex`bv_I ZvB PqQb Lye Ki|
Dchy
bgybvivwR mRbmvwnZi ej wkxi KbvjZvi z`K
m
z gy ej gb
Kivi KviY bB| evM_wevb A_cK
vki GB mgmvjvKB wPwZ KiQb
cwZiv| iex`bv_ Aek Zuvi gbbagx iPbvZI G-RvZxq AvjvPbv Ki Zuvi
evM_-fvebv ck KiQb| hgb, cf~Z Mi M` I c` ce wjLQb :
...wewZ RvwMqv IV Ggb GKUv K_v eenvi Kwij wbZ eov AmsMwZ eva nq|
A_P K_vUv wbZv Ag~jK bn| AZxZ Rxebi h mKj kZ mnm wZ ^vZ cwinvi
Kwiqv GKvKvi nBqvQ, hvnv`i cZKK c_K Kwiqv wPwbevi Rv bvB, Avgv`i
`qi PZb gnv`ki PZyw`K eb Kwiqv hvnvi wewZgnvmvMiic wb nBqv
kqvb AvQ, Zvnviv Kvbv Kvbv mgq P`v`q ev `wYi evqyeM GKm Pj I
ZiwZ nBqv DV, ZLb Avgv`i PZb `q mB wewZZii AvNvZ-cwZNvZ
kvkwZKx-94

Abyfe KwiZ _vK, Zvnv`i inmc~Y AMva AwZ Dcj nq, mB gnvweZ
AwZweZ wecyjZvi GKZvb `bawb wbZ cvIqv hvq|

GB inmc~Y AMva AwZ Dcj nIqvi Rb cvqkB AvwiK A_i mxgv Qvwoq
hZ nq Avgv`i| iex`bv_ G vb I fvei fvlvi ga kv_i
ecixZawgZv eenvi j Ki ejQb vbi fvlvq PvB A_; fvei fvlvq
PvB Bkviv, nqZv A_ euvKv Ki w`q| evsjv fvlv-cwiPq M K_vwU evLv
KiZ hq ejb :
fvjv jvMv evSvZ Kwe ejjb, cvlvY wgjvq hvq Mvqi evZvm| ejjb, Xj Xj
KuvPv Ai jvewY Aebx ewnqv hvq| GLvb K_vjvi wVK gvb wbj cvMjvwg nq
`uvove| K_vjv hw` wevbi eBq _vKZ Zvnj eySZzg, wevbx bZzb Avwevi
KiQb Ggb GKUv `wnK nvIqv hvi ivmvqwbK wqvq cv_i KwVb _vKZ cvi bv,
Mvmic nq A`k| wKsev Kvbv gvbyli kixi Ggb GKwU iwk cvIqv MQ hvi bvg
`Iqv nqQ jvewY, cw_exi Uvb hvi wewKiY gvwUi Dci w`q Qwoq hZ _vK|
ki A_K GKv wekvm Kij GBiKg GKUv evLv Qvov Dcvq _vK bv| wK G-h
cKZ NUbvi K_v bq, G-h gb-nq-hbi K_v| k Zix nqQ wVKUv-Kx Rvbvevi
Rb; mBRb wVK-hb-Kx ejZ Mj Zvi A_K evovZ nq, euvKvZ nq| wVK-hbKxi fvlv Awfavb eua `Iqv bB, ZvB mvaviY fvlv w`qB KweK Kkj KvR
PvjvZ nq| ZvKB ejv nq KweZ| eZ Kwe GZ eo RvqMv cqQ Zvi cavb KviY,
fvlvi k Kej Avcb mv`v A_ w`q me fve cKvk KiZ cvi bv| ZvB Kwe jveY
ki h_v_ msv ZvM Ki evwbq ejjb, hb jveY GKUv Sibv, kixi _K Si
co gvwUZ| K_vi A_UvK m~Y b Ki w`q G njv evKzjZv; GZ ejvi m
mB ejv nQ ejZ cviwQ b| GB AwbePbxqZvi myhvM wbq bvbv Kwe bvbv iKg
AZywi Pv Ki | myhvM bq Zv Kx; hvK ejv hvq bv ZvK ejevi myhvMB Kwei
mfvM| GB myhvMB KD jveYK dzji m Zzjbv KiZ cvi, KD ev wbtk
exYvawbi m AmsMwZK Aviv e `~i Ub wbq jveYK Kwe h jvewY ejQb
mI GKUv AaxiZv| cPwjZ kK AcPwjZi Pnviv w`q fvlvi AvwfavwbK
mxgvbvK Awbw`fve evwoq `Iqv nj|
Abyfe-Dcjw GZvUvB AvZMZ evcvi h AbKmgq A_i `iKviB co bv| awbUvB
KvR Ki `q| GfveI ejv Pj, awb hw` ev wKQyUv evSvZ cvi, Zv A_ dj `q
wevwZ| dvybx bvUK GgbUvB eywSqQb| mLvb gnvivRi `ievi hgb AvQ
kwZf~lY, Zgwb AvQ KwekLi| gnvivR ej, In KwekLi, Avgvi Kx gykwKj
nqQ Rvbv| Zvgvi K_v Avwg GK we`ywemMI eySZ cvwi b, A_P Zvgvi myiUv
Avgvi eyK wMq evR| Avi kwZf~lYi wVK Zvi Dv; Zvi K_vjv LyeB evSv
hvq n evKiYi mI gj wK myiUv m Kx Avi eje| KwekLii cZyi,
gnvivR, Avgv`i K_v Zv evSevi Rb nq wb, evRevi Rb nqQ|

GZv Mj GK gnvivRi ge| mvbvi Zix Kvei wns wUs QU KvwnwbKweZvq

`Lv hvq ivRv neyP` a~y bq AgvZeMI awbgvnvZ gvwnZ nqQ| ivRv A~Z GK
^c `LwQj| AvMvMvov AmsjM mB ^c`ki klchvq e` Kvb Kvb
ejwns wUs QU| GB ^c I K_vUvi A_ Rvbvi Rb wewfb `k _K wewfb gvMi
cwZ Avbv nq| Zviv KD gbvgZ A_ ejZ cvi bv| gvb hv ej Zv ivRv I
AgvZiv wekvm KiZ AcviM| hgb, G wQj ay ^c, Gi Kvbv A_ bB Ggb
ge mevB i nq| kl Moxq GK mvay Rvbvq, wbZv mij A_, AwZ cwivi|
kvkwZKx-95

Zvici h evLv c`vb Ki Zv GKevi gv_vgyny xb, AbKUv iex`bv_i GKwU

Mvbi c_g Kwji gZv AbK K_v hvI h ewj Kvbv K_v bv ewj h_v: ^Ki
wbqb wKvj wY/ kwf` ewf` wY weY| weeZb AveZb m^Zb Avw`/
Rxekw wkekw Ki wem^vw`/ AvKlY weKlY cyil cKw Z/ AvYe P^Kej AvKwZ
weKwZ|/ KzkvM cengvb RxevZwe`yr/ aviYv cigv kw m_vq DZ
~ BZvw`| Avi
eySZ bv ciB mvay mvay mvay ie Kuvc Pvwi avi,/ me ej cwivi AwZ
cwivi|/ `yeva hv wKQy wQj nq Mj Rj/ k~b AvKvki gZv AZ wbgj| GB
AvcvZ eg~jK iPbvi AwbwnZ A_ GB nIqv me h, awb wbRB A_gqZv mw
Ki| evsjv abvZK ki AvjvPbvq G-KviYB ejwQjb, ...awbewP GZ
mnR GZ eYbv-ewPi AeZviYv KwiZ cvi h, Zvnv A_e k viv cKvk Kiv
`ytmva (evsjv kZ)| Aek Zvi AvM ZvK nZ nq myigq| Moxq mvay
myimnhvMB A_nxb ^ci Aviv A_nxb evLv KiwQj| GLvb myi ejZ Avgiv
evKi myii K_v ejwQ| GKB awbRvZ evK ay myii KviYB cwfb A_ c`vb Ki
GZv Avgiv wbZB `wL| hgb Zzwg wK/Kx LqQ ejvi myiB evSv hve Av`
LvIqv nqQ, bvwK Kvb Lv` LvIqv nqQ Zv RvbZ PvIqv nQ| Aviv gb
KiZ cvwi gNbv`ea Kve cgxjvi mB ecwVZ Dw Avwg wK WivB mwL wfLvwi
ivNe mUv h mwLi KvQ ck wQj bv, wQj Avcb ZRw^Zvi D`v cKvk Zv eov
| A_cK
vki GBgZ aviv j Ki iex`bv_ Q` M ejb, ay K_v hLb
Lvov `uvwoq _vK ZLb Kejgv A_K cKvk Ki| wK mB K_vK hLb ZxhK
fw I wekl MwZ `Ihv hvq ZLb m Avcb A_i Pq AviI wKQy ewk cKvk Ki|
m ewkUzKz h Kx Zv ejvB k|
GB ZxhK fw gvbB myi, hwU Qvov cZvwkZ A_wU cKvwkZ nq bv| iex`bv_
K_v I myii GB Avw ici K_v ejQb msMxZ I KweZv ce :
Avgv`i fvecKvki `ywU DcKiY AvQ K_v I myi| K_vI hZLvwb fve cKvk Ki,
myiI cvq ZZLvwb fve cKvk Ki| Ggb-wK, myii DciB K_vi fve wbfi Ki| GKB
K_v bvbv myi bvbv A_ cKvk Ki| AZGe fvecKvki Ai ga K_v I myi
DfqKB cvkvcvwk aiv hvBZ cvi|

evK I Zvi A_i GiKg bvbv Pvwi-cwiPq iex`bv_i iPbvq cvc, hv

evM_wevbi Avw`-Avmj me cyK gj| mvwnZwkx wnme Zv eUB, AvaywbK
cv evM_we`i `wZI Gme kbv KiZ ciwQjb| mB Awfvbi eenvwiK
chvqI iqQ| ejvevj, Zv evsjv fvlvq| eqvKiY ev fvlvZvwK bB, evDji
gZv fvlvi c_ NyiwQ gv BZvKvi webq c`kbc~eK
evsjv kZ I evsjv
fvlv-cwiPq-G abvZK k, kZ, cwifvlv, kv_ wbq h AvjvPbv KiQb,
Zv AvaywbK evsjvi c_g evM_wevbagx AvjvPbv I Avwevi ej gb wbqQb
mybxwZKzgvi Pvcvavq, gyn` Ave`yj nvBqi gZv fvlvwevbx| mB eenvwiK
cvVi AvjvPbv-chvjvPbv nZ cvi Ab cwimi|

kvkwZKx-96

Avngv` gvhnvi

Avgv`i `ytmgqi I ibmuvmi iex`bv_

cvwKvb Avgj iex`bv_ evOvwji KvQ, AviI wbw` Ki ejj evOvwj-gymjgvb
gawei KvQ weklfve cvmwK nq DVwQjb| evsjvfvlvi mwkxj gnr cwZfv
wnme iex`bv_ h evOvwjgvi KvQB cvmwK _vKeb Zv Lye ^vfvweK| wK
cvwKvwb Avgj eve Zv wQj bv| KviY ewUk Dcwbek _K gywi h AvKvv
mvgwMK A_ evsjvfvlv-wfwK RvwZi gaB RM DVwQj cvwKvb Av`vjb ZvK
wef KiwQj `yB fvM| cvwKvb ivK evsjvi gymjgvb gb KiwQj Zv`i
wbR^ A_bwZK I mvswZK gywi Dcvq| wK Zv`i gymjgvwbZ h cvwKvb
ivi bvMwiK wnme Zv`i A_bwZK AwaKvi cvIqvi cwieZ GKevi Zv`i
evOvwjZi A_vr AwZi Mvov ai Uvb gvie Ges Zv`i AR Aevq dj
ivLe Zv c~e-evsjvi gymjgvbiv wVK Kbv KiZ cvi wb| A_bwZK wblYi
AMZ cwZwqvq fvlvi ck ZiY Qviv Av`vjb Ki Dwbk kv AvUPwjk I
evqvbvZ cvwKvwb kvmK MvxK Kuvwcq `q| GiB mxebxZ Pyqvbi mvaviY
wbevPb evOvwjiv Rqjvf Ki| ivcwiPvjbvq bZzb Rxeb`wi AbyK~j miKvi
cwZv Ki cwgv kvmK MvxK mvgvb weg~p KiZ mg njI AvBqye Lvb
mvgwiK kvmb Rvwii ga w`q evOvwj`i cwZ Zviv bZzb Ki i Ki wblY|
c~eevsjvi gvbyli Ici Pvwcq `qv cvwKvwb kvmKPi A_bwZK elgi
wei Kwe-mvwnwZK-wkx ev eywRxexMY wK c_g AvBqyex kvmbi wei Zgb
GKUv cwZev`x nq IVb wb| Gi GKUv KviY mgvRi AMmi gvbyl wnme ivxq
elg Zv`i k Ki wb Zgbfve| eis mgvRi eywRxex kYxK G-mgq
AbKUv wbxqB nq coZ `Lv hvq| bvkbvj eyiv Ae wiKUvKkb bvg GKwU
mvswZK cwZvb Pvjy Ki mB cwZvbi c _K bvbvfve Avw_K myweavw` w`q
`ki mwkxj jLK-eywRxex`i w`K _K weivwaZvi mvebvK `xNKvj VwKq
ivLZI mg nqwQj AvBqye Lvbi bZZvaxb ZrKvjxb miKvi| wK hLb ejv
nj cvwKvb ivi ^v_ iex`bv_K eRb KiZ ne ZLb c~e-evsjvi jLK
eywRxexMY wecb eva KiZ i Kijb| Zuviv Abyfe Kijb Zuv`i AwZi
msKUK| GB msKU evcK nq IV 1965 mvj, hLb cvK-fviZ hykl cvwK
vbi AvBqyex miKvi fviZ _K cyK
Avg`wb wbwl Ki ZLb _K| evsjvfvlv I
mvwnZi weivU Ask _K c~e-evsjvi evOvwj`i ewZ ivLevi miKvwi Awfcvq
GZ KvR KiwQj| fviZxq m` eRbi m m iex`bv_K MnY-eRb wbq
msKU AviI Nbxf~Z nq| Gi AvM 1961 mvj cvwKvb miKvii weivwaZv mI
GiB cwZwqvekZ ZrKvjxb c~e-cvwKvb, evsjv`k iex`kZevwlKx mvo^iB
D`&hvwcZ nqwQj| iex`kZevwlKx D`&hvcbi Ask wnmeB wmKvb&`vi Avey Rvdi
mvw`Z mgKvj cwKv iex`bv_K wbq cKvk KiwQj GKwU wekl msLv [iex`
RbkZevwlKx msLv, PZz_ el beg msLv, ekvL 1368]| eB cKvk mn [hgb: iwe
cwigv (1963), gvdvj nvq`vi Payix] LvwbKUv evcKZv jvf KiwQj

kvkwZKx-97

iex`bv_ welq bvbvgyLx PPv| wK Zv mI iex`PPvi GKUv mwwjZ ^ii

AvKvv XvKvKw`K evOvwj-gymjgvb gawe-mgvRi ga `Lv wMqwQj| ejv
hvq Avwbmyvgvb mvw`Z iex`PPvi msKjb iex`bv_ [1968, XvKv] ZviB dj|
wK Kb cvwKvbi Afy evOvwj-gymjgvbi ga GB aibi AvKvvi Rb wbj
m cki Di ejv hvq h, m-mgq cMwZkxj Amvc`vwqK PZbvi wkwZ
gvbyli KvQ iex`bv_ wbR`i wecbZvi cZxK nq DVwQjb ej Zuvi gnK
cPvi Kiv Zuv`i c wQj Riwi| KviY mvsw ZK w`K _K GK aibi AwjwLZ
gbvRvMwZK AeivaI m-mgqi Amvc`vwqK PZbvi mvwnwZK-eywRxexMY
Abyfe KiwQjb| miKvi iex`msMxZi cPvi wbwl Kivq Zuv`i gbvRMZ NU
hvIqv GB Aei cwiwwZi Pvc AviI eo hvq|
Avwbmyvgvb mvw`Z iex`PPvi msKjb iex`bv_-Gi cUf~wg Abymvb
KiZ Mj `Lv hve h, ZrKvjxb cvwKvb miKvii c~ev iex`-weivwaZvB
Gi DrmMZ cavbZg ciYv| 1967 mvji 22 Ryb cvwKvbi RvZxq msm` Z_
I eZvi gx LvRv kvnveyxb GKRb mvsm`i GK ckvi Rvbvb h, cvwKvbi
eZvi-wUwfZ cvwKvbi mvswZK g~jevai cwicx iex`msMxZ cPvi Kiv ne
bv Ges G aibi AviI Abvb Mvbi cPviI Kwgq `qv ne| `yB w`b ci 24 Ryb
G msv msev` cPvwiZ nq RvZxq `wbK msev`c `wbK cvwKvb-G| msev`i
wkivbvg wQj iwWI cvwKvb _K iex`msMxZ cPvwiZ ne bv| GB wmvi
wei 19 Rb1 mvwnwZK I mvsw ZK ewZ GK weewZ cPvi Kib| weewZZ ejv
nqwQj h,
Avgiv GB wmv AZ `ytLRbK ewjqv gb Kwi| iex`bv_i mvwnZ
evsjvfvlvK h Hkh `vb KwiqvQ, Zvnvi mxZ Avgv`i Abyfw~ ZK h MfxiZv I
ZxZv `vb KwiqvQ, Zvnv iex`bv_i evsjvfvlx cvwKvbx`i mvswZK mvi
AweQ` Ask cwiYZ KwiqvQ| miKvix bxwZ wbaviYi mgq GB mZi iZK
h_vchy ghv`v `vb Kiv Acwinvh|2
weewZZ DwjwLZ fvl _K mnRB Abyfe Kiv hvq h, gawe evOvwj
gymjgvbi mvswZK wecbZv eva _K gy nevi Awfcvq m-mgq iex`PPv
GKUv gvag wnme weewPZ nZ i KiwQj| ZvB ejv hvq mvgwMK A_ GB
Abyfw~ ZiB cKvk wQj iex`bv_ msKjbwU| Gevi `L bqv hvK GZ Afy
iPbvi wkivbvgmg~n I jLK ZvwjKv :
gigx iex`bv_/ gyn` knx`yjvn&;
iex`-wZ/ Rmxg D`&`xb;
fvlvZvwK iex`bv_/ gyn` Ave`yj nvB;
wkvmgmv I iex`bv_i wPv/ gynv` Ky`ivZ-G-Ly`v;
iex`-mvwnZ `vkwbK PZbv/ Aveyj dRj;
b`bZvwK iex`bv_/ kIKZ Imgvb;
iex`bv_ : Zvui wkmvwnZZi weYx/ Ave`yj gvbvb mq`;
iex`-msMxZ/ KvRx gvZvnvi nvmb;
m`heyw I iex`-gbxlv/ Avng` kixd;
iex`bv_i MYmPZbZvi ^ic/ Mvjvg gyiwk`;
kvkwZKx-98

iex`bv_i ag/ gvdvj nvq`vi Payix;

iex`bv_ I jvKmvwnZ/ ghnvij Bmjvg;
iex`bv_/ Ave`yj Kvw`i;
iex`mvwnZ g~jvqbi mgmv/ RvwZgq nVvKyiZv;
evsjv Kve g~jevai weeZb : iex`bv_/ nvmvb nvwdRyi ingvb;
iex`bv_i KweZvi BsiwR icvi/ Kexi Payix;
BqU&m I iex`bv_/ mviIqvi gyiwk`;
iex`bv_i bvUK : Dcjwi icvi/ gybxi Payix;
wZb bvix : webvw`bx, bw`bx I Kygyw`bx/ bxwjgv Bevwng;
iex`bv_i QvUM : kl chvq/ Avbvqvi cvkv;
iex`bv_i wPKjvi ^ic/ mvl ;
iex`mxZ, wkx I kvZv/ mb&Rx`v LvZyb;
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bZyb Ki iex`PPv/ kvgmyi ivngvb;
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iex`bv_ I c~e cvwKvb/ iwdKyj Bmjvg;
iex`bv_i KweZvi Q`/ gvnv` gwbivgvb;
iex`Kve cieZx cwieZb/ AwRZKygvi n;
gvev`x `wZ iex`bv_/ iYk `vk;
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GB msKjbi m~wPci w`K ZvKvj mnRB jYxq h, iex`-cwZfvi kxlKB

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knx`yjvn, meZ GwUB Zuvi kl iPbv, Avi meKwb Avng` Qdv, GB msKjb
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kvkwZKx-99

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iex`bv_ mK G `ki I GKvji fvebvi h ^vi G eBZ aiv coQ, Zvi GKUv
wekl g~j AvQ| ...G eBZ iex`mvabvi c~Yv cwiPq aiv coQ, Ggb `vwe Kivi
KviY bB| Ze iex`bv_i K_v ejZ wMq msKjbi jLKiv Zuvi KweZv I bvUK,
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`kb I agPZbv, mvwnZZZ I m`heva, ew`q I cgvbyf~wZ, g~jeva I MYmPZbZv, fvlvZZ-PPv I wkvwelqK wPvi cwiPq `evi cqvm cqQb|

AviI cwivi Ki wZwb ejQb,

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cKwZ Kx ciYv w`qQ Ges c~e-cvwKvbi mvwnZPPvq wZwb Kx ciYv w`Qb, Gme
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kvkwZKx-100

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mBme AbwZgYxqZvK kbv KivI bZyb cRbi AMhvvi ^v_B iex`bv_i
gZv gnr cwZfvK gy`wZ wePvi Kiv Riwi| RvZxq DrKli ^v_B
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mvswZK Ges kYxMZ Aevbi KviY iex`bv_ AbK cvrc`Zv _K gy nZ
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mviIqvi gyiwk`, 11. gvdvj nvq`vi Payix, 12. gvwjK Ae`yj evix, 13. mywdqv Kvgvj, 14. gyn`
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Ave`yj nvB, 19. kvgmyi ivngvb
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kvkwZKx-101

Kzj`v ivq
GgGgAvi Rvjvj

XvKv wekwe`vjq cwZvi weivwaZv Ges iex`bv_

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wekvmNvZKZv KiQ ej gb KiwQjb| Ze mvi mwjgyjvn Ges wewk AwfRvZ
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fvBmiq jW nvwWi m `Lv Kib| H WcyUkb `Iqvi dj c~e evOjvi
gymjgvb`i ^v_ weklfve j ivLvi Rb cwZeQi XvKvq cv`wkK Mfbii
Kvc emvi Avkvm cvIqv hvq| c~eevsjvi gymjgvb`i wkveevq AavMwZ hvZ
bv nq, Zvi Rb XvKvq AvevwmK wekwe`vjq vcbiI cwZkwZ `Iqv nq| 1912
mvj 21 Rvbyqvwi fvBmiq jW nvwW XvKv mdi Avmb| wZwb XvKv wekwe`vjq
cwZvi cwZkwZ w`qwQjb| ZLb XvKv wekwe`vjq cwZvi cvewUi weivwaZv
KiwQjb wZb aibi jvKRb :
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nj cwgei gymjgvb`i Kvbv jvf bB| c~eei gymjgvb`iB jvf
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10,000 Rbi ga 1 Rb gv zj chvq cvk KiZ cvi| KjR chvq
Zv`i Qv msLv LyeB Kg| wekwe`vjq nj mLvb gymjgvb Qv`i msLv
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kvkwZKx-102

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nj wbq Zviv Zv`i iPbvZ DjL bv Ki cviZb bv|
2000 mb Avng` cvewjwks nvDm _K Avgv`i ^vaxbZv msMvgi avivevwnKZv
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exicZxK, wcGmwm (ZveavqK miKvii Dc`v) GKwU Z_ Rvbvb h, 1912
mvji 28 k gvP KwjKvZv Moi gvV Kwe iex`bv_ VvKzii mfvcwZZ XvKv
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weivwaZv KiQb ej GKRb jLK DjL Kib| jLK GB Z_wU Kv_vq

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fz 4 msLK KweZv| Gici evwK 15 w`b wkjvB`n _K iex`bv_ AviI 17wU
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P, 1318 ev| iPbvi vb wkjvB`n| 26k P 1318(Gwcj 8, 1912) evI
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Gwcj 12, 1912 ZvwiL wjLQb Gevi Zviv Avgvi hvevi ejvZ| wkjvB`n
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kvkwZKx-103

kvkwZKx-104

mwZ cvci ` mBw`bB cZyl Avgvi GKevi gv_vi Dci Gm coj| ivMi
c_g avvUv Zv GKiKg KU MQ| GLb Wvvii DrcvZ cvY AwZ nq
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wkjvB`n iIbv nb|
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gnvkq I kxgwZ eaygvZvVvKzivYx wkjvB`n Mgbi eq 379 bs fvDPvi 11 P
15||3|. ciw`b mvgevi 12 P 25 gvP 1912 wLv iex`bv_ gPvK cwKvi
mcv`K myaxiP` miKvii fMx Kv`w^bx `K (1285-1350 ev) GK wPwVZ
jLb GLbv gv_vi cwikg wbla| wkjvB`n wbb cvjvBqv AvwmqvwQ| Kv_vq
KjKvZvi Moi gvV? Avi Kv_vq wkjvB`n! Zvnj 28 gvP 1912 ZvwiL iex`bv_
Kx Ki wkjvB`n _K Amy kixi KjKvZvi Moi gvV XvKv wekwe`vjq cwZvi
mfvq DcwZ wQjb?
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AccPvii welq wekwe`vjq wmbU evwlK Awaekbi (28-29 Ryb, 2011)
AvjvPbvq Avm| AavcK dKij Avjgi K_vi Ask _K wjLwQ...iex`bv_
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ej wZwb XvKv wekwe`vjqi mvbbvq GmwQjb|...hviv BwZnvmK GK RvqMvq
iL `q Zviv BwZnvmK weKZ Ki, Zviv mZK weKZ Ki|... (KvhweeiYx,
c:178)| GB BwZnvmweKwZ evsjv`k GKwU MvxKZK iex`weivwaZviB GKwU
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bq| ewUk ivRZ PjQ| ewefvM _g MQ| c~eevsjvi gymjgvb bZe` z GB
ef evwZj Kivi Rb| Avevi iex`bv_ efi weivwaZv KiwQjb| myZivs
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kvkwZKx-105

kvkwZKx-106

Zzwg gvbylK bvbv Kgavivq RvMZ KwiqvQ, Abw`K mB Amxg mvi w`K gbK
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KweK ^Rb wnme mevB MnY KiQb|

kvkwZKx-107

Abyev` ce (109-135)

kvkwZKx-108

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gZv gvbeZvevaK Kei KiQ cwZwbqZ!

kvkwZKx-109

iex`bv_ GK msjvc-Avjvc-AvjvPbv-cviwiK fvewewbgqwfwK cw_exi

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kvkwZKx-110

iex`bv_ VvKzii RvZxqZvev`weivax eZv I iPbv Zuvi cwgx mgmvgwqK`i cP

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dr.iqbalshahid@yahoo.com

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kvkwZKx-128

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`b me wKQz evLv Ki gymvwjwbK GKwU wPwV w`Z| iex`bv_ wPwVi GKwU Lmov
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cvVvb MnYhvMZv hvPvBqi Rb| wZwb wjLwQjb (21 bf^i, 1930) :

gnvgvb
cvqB Avwg iY Kwi, Kxfve Avgvi cig ez cdmi diwgwPi gvag cv Avcbvi
gnvbyfeZvi wb`kb Avgv`i wewZ KiwQj| Ag~j Dcnvi^ic cv BZvwjqvb
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kvkwZKx-129

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AevK nqwQjvg mUv AvgvK gvbZB ne, KviY KLbI GwU Avgvi gv_vq Avmwb
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cei I mvgb Aviv hMyjv jLv ne Zvi gj fve : VvKyi Ges bZyb weki ga
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cvR (1990 mvj mvwnZ bvej cv, whwb fviZI wKQyKvj Aevb Kib)
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mgbq-cPv hUvK wKbv wKZ
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fviZi GB wZbwU ivR, hLvb cwgxq cfve fviZi wekvj HwZni mv_ wgk
kvkwZKx-130

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jvwUb AvgwiKvi mvwnZi Zgb Kvbv DjLhvM cfveI wQj bv| Ges jvwUb
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iRZ Q`i GKwU PgrKvi iPbv iqQ, hwUI jvwUb AvgwiKvi mv_ VvKyii
mKi GKwU mvaviY w`K Zyj ai| `wY AvgwiKvq VvKyi : wKQy cwicwZ
bvgK iPbvwU gb nq myfve GwUB ejZ Pvq h IKvgcv Avi Kwei ga GB
eyZB ay VvKyi Avi jvwUb AvgwiKvi ga h mK AvQ Zvi GKgv cgvYhvM
hvMm, h hvMm Q`i wekvm, wKy hv B`vwbsKvj GKeviB Kvbv Rvivj wfw
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h `p cvgvY Z_ AvQ mLvb _KB m, h mK jvwUb AvgwiKvi Avi Kviv
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welqey, Avi cyiv gnv`k RyoB mvaviY cvVK`i Rb Zuvi jLvi vwbk
msiY cvcbxq, Ges Gi gj KviY nZ cvi h jvwUb AvgwiKvi cvmwK
evcviMyjvi mv_ cvewKi hvMvhvMi GKwU NvUwZ wQj|
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`iKvi wQj mLvb, gjZ AviK gnvKwe Bbi nvqvb in&gvDb wngbh-Gi
` nvZ w`q| 1913 mvj wZwb Avi Zuvi AvgwiKvb ney eD Rbvweqv Kvgcvwe
m` bvej weRqx MxZvwj Abyev` Kiv kyiy KiwQjb| GB Abyev`i cvkvcvwk
wngbh wjLwQjb Zuvi cvUiv Ges Avwg (Platero and I) hv cieZxZ vwbk

kvkwZKx-131

mvwnZi Abe` I mevP Myiy Zi `vwe`vi eBMyjvi ga GKwU nq DV, Ges

RbwcqZvq hv vwbk msiY kyay mBievbUmi Wvb wKnvwU (Don Quixote)Gi ciB Aevb Ki| eBwUhv GKRb jvK I Zvi Mvavi M wbq Zwi
VvKyii MxwZagx M` viv Mfxifve cfvweZ, Ges GwU KweZv I Dcbvmi ga h
wPivqZ wefvRbiLv AvQ Zv jNb Kivi GKwU Pv, hv mB evOvwj jLK Zuvi M`
I bvUKMyjvZ mv_Kfve mvab KiwQjb| wKy Kbv jvwUb AvgwiKvi jLKiv
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evcviwU fvjvgZv evSvi Rb wesk kZvwi c_g `yB `kKi jvwUb AvgwiKvi
mvwnZ cmi mvgvb wP Zyj aiv GLvb nqZv Riywi|
c_g wekh
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mfZvi fvegwZI aviY KiwQj, hv AbK wPvwe`KB qyivcxq wkv I ivRbwZK
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dv KZK c` Av`ki Dci wfw Ki GKwU enr Kv_vwjK mvgvR Movi
evcvi qyivcxq gZvK gb wbqwQj, hvi djvdjmic GKRb Axq kvmK :
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AvgwiKv RyoB GB GKB cwiwwZ weivR KiwQj : cyivZb JcwbewkK
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djmvaxbZv hyMyjv mn 400 eQii bxq `Lj I kvmb hv bv nqQ, Zvi
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kZKi kl Avwk eQi| Avgv`i mvwnZ I wPvi Av`kZI Gi cfve Mfxifve
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kvkwZKx-132

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GKwKiY gbvfwi wec GKv `uvwoqwQjb, GB NvlYv Ki h GKRb bZyb,
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`iKviI wQj bv h nq DVvi, Ges Zv`i GKwU mZ cwiPq _vKe hv ZLbI LyuR
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`i Ki, hv jvwUb AvgwiKvi ZiyY jLK`i cvwim, ivg A_ev wMm wbq bv wjL
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kyay Zv w`qB VvKyii cwZfvi cfve cwigvc Kij fyj ne, Ges nqZvev AviI
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w`qwQj, hv jvwUb AvgwiKvi wkx`i KvQ Zuvi jLvi Kx `Iqvi AvQ Zv
D`vnZ Ki| 1937 mvj hLb nvqvb in&gvDb wngbh wKDevZ Avmb, ZLb
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c_c`kK LyuRwQj| GB cwi`kbi djvdjmic nvh jRvgv wjgv nvqvb
in&gvDb wngbhi mv_ K_vcK_b (Colloquy with Juan Ramon Jimenez)
cewU jLb, hLvb kZvwi klvsk Ryo jvwUb AvgwiKvi mvwnZK hme
wfw ewk c`vb Kie mMyjvi AbK KqwU wbqB AvjvPbv Kiv nqQ| ZiyY
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ejb, ZLb bxq mB Kwe eySvZ PqQb h KweZvK Zvi Povq cuQvZ
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(Paradiso, 1967) Ki `wLqwQjb| GB cPjb AvivI AbK AbymiY KiwQj,
hgb AviKRb wKDevevmx Wyjm gvigv jvqbvR, hvi MxwZagx Dcbvm evMvb

kvkwZKx-133

(1948, The Garden) wngbh Ges VvKyi Dfqi cfvei Dci wfw Ki iwPZ (hvi
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cwicY| eve, Zvi c_g cavb KvR wekwU cgi KweZv I GKwU nZvkvi Mvb
(Twenty Love Poems and a Desperate Song)-G ZiY biy`vwhwb 1971 G bvej
cyivi cvbZvi 16Zg cgi KweZvq GKwU Abq mshvRb Kib, hv AbK
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mviv gNvgvjv-Gi GKwU mivmwi Abyev`| ZvQvov, 1945-G bvej weRqx
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mnhvwMZv KiwQjb, hLvb wZwb gvwj wbq DM-Gi cwZwqvq wbRi ek
wKQy evLv mshvRb Kib|

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kvkwZKx-134

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kvkwZKx-135

kvkwZKx-136

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kvkwZKx-137

kvkwZKx-138

iex`bv_ VvKzi

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MxwZgqZvK cyivcywi Lq dj|
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kvkwZKx-139

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ejwQjvg, Kx me Dcv`vb Zvi m`h mw Ki Zvi evLv w`Z ejwQjvg|
AvBbvBb : mgmv njv GKUv mwZKvii fvj mxZ, Zv cvPiB nvK wK
cvvZi, Zvi weklY Kiv hvq bv|
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cwZwqvq, GKB AwbqZv me mgqB _K hve, Zv BDivcB nvK wKsev
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iwPK meRbxb gvb DbxZ Kivi gvag|

Rxeb mvqvi iO

iex`bv_ I ivguv ivjuv

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kvkwZKx-140

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njI wevw wKQzUv KvU Ges nBPB wKQzUv wwgZ nq|
ivguv ivjuv wekLvZ divwk JcbvwmK| dvwmev` I hyweivax f~wgKvi RbI
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mvj, wZwb bvej cyivi f~wlZ nb| Zuvi m iex`bv_i c_g mvvr NU 1921
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wMK, Aviwe, dvwm, Bswjk I divwk fvlv kLb; evcKfve BDivc gY Kib
Ges Zuvi gZz nq wej| Zuvi `wZ AvavwZK mZ gvb wbQKB cyivwnZZ bq
hv mxgve mvc`vwqK Dcvmbvjqjvi ga; wKsev GUvK wZwb gZev` wnme
cPvii ckvMZ AwaKvi fvMKvix`i viv mswk mc`vqi evBii jvK`i
Ici Avivc Kivi welq ejI gb KiZb bv| wZwb Dcjw KiwQjb h,
AvavwZK HK MvUv gvbeRvwZK mshy Ki Ges agi DkB njv m cuQ
hve gvbexq mK Ges gvbexq KgKv I ARbi gwjK HKi i|
ivjuv : fviZ agxq mnbkxjZvi gbvfve `L Avwg cvqB wewZ nB; Avgiv
cvvZ hv Rvwb Zvi _K GUv GKeviB Avjv`v| GUvK me Ki ZzjQ
Avcbv`i agi mwinmi cKw Z Ges Avcbv`i mfZvi hMagx Pvwi|
fviZel mKj aibi agxq wekvm I AvPviK cvkvcvwk eo DVZ w`qQ|
VvKzi : meZ mUv Avgv`i `yej
ZvI eU, Ges GUv nqQ mnbkxjZvi GKUv
wekLj gbvfve _K, mUv njv fviZ mKj aibi agxq gZev` Ges jvKRZvB
`vvi m Rwoq coQ, m KviY Avgv`i AvavwZK wekvmi mwZKvi wfZK
evSv Avgv`i Rb KwVb nq coQ| D`vniY^ic, cewji AvPvii m
Avgv`i agi KvbI mK bB, ZviciI cPiz msLK jvK GUvK HwZni wfZ
ej gb Ki| agi GB GKBiKg bwZK AatcZb cZK `kB `Lv hvq|
fviZ Avgv`i AvRKi DM njv GBjv `~i Kiv Ges hjv Avgv`i mwZKvi
AvavwZK DivwaKvi mBme eni wekvmjvK Rvi`vi Kiv wbq|
ivjuv : wLwq agMI GB cewji aviYv cej| ii Aavqi K_vB aib: cfz
AvejK AwaKZi cQ` KiQb KviY wZwb Zuvi Dk GKUv fovi evPv
Kzievwb KiQb|
VvKzi : Avwg I UvgUi cfz K KLbI fvjevmZ cvwi bv|
ivjuv : ...Rvi `Iqv nqQ fzj RvqMvq, Avi eni weePbvq AvPvi AvavwZK
evcvi bq|
VvKzi : Avgv`i me mgq IB eni weePbvi Ici Rvi `Iqv DwPZ| my
g`i gvKvejvq mZi mnbkxj nIqv cvlvq bv; GUv m~hvjvKi gZv, hv
wZKi RxevYyi AwZ K Ame Ki Zvj| eve evcvi njv, fviZxq agxq
Rxeb GLb AmwnzZvi ^vKi PZbi Afve fzMQ, hv GKUv mRbkxj agi
ewk| AvRKi fviZ GgbwK bvwKZvi cPjbI fvj KvR w`Z cvi, hw`I
Avgvi `k KLbI bvwKZvK Zvi vqx wekvm wnme MnY Kie bv| ebi wbP
MwRq IVv mKj AwbKi AvMvQv Dco dje, Ges j^v emg~n AZ _vKe|
eZgvb gyn~ Z, cvvZi w`K _K A^xKwZi DcnviI fviZxq RbMYi GKUv eo
Aski KvQ g~jevb ej cwiMwYZ ne|
ivjuv : Avgvi wekvm evwbK hywev` fviZeli mgmv mgvavb mvnvh KiZ cvie|
VvKzi : Avwg Rvwb fviZ KLbI wbQK eywewK mgvavbi Ici `xNKvj Avv ivLZ
cvie bv; fvimvg Ges mwZ wbwZicB cybtvwcZ ne| mB KviY KvbI GK
w`K mvgwqK SuvK AvavwZK Rxebi K`xq gxgvsmvq cuQvi KvR Avgv`i

kvkwZKx-141

kvkwZKx-142

mnvqK nZ cvi| wevbK Avgv`i KvR jvMvbv DwPZ kl ch ZvK

gvbweKxKiY Ki|
ivjuv : AvaywbK wek wevbB meZ mePq AvRvwZK Dcv`vb; A_vr evwbK
MelYvq mnhvwMZvi gbvfve| wK GLb ivRbxwZK`i nvZ iqQ welv Mvm|
GUv GKUv `ytLRbK welq h wevbxiv mvgwiK kwi cwiPvjbvaxb nq coQ,
gvbweK gbb I mswZi Dbqb welq hv`i GZUzKz AvMnI bB... RvwZmg~ni
gaKvi cviwiK cwZwZvi Pq GKUv RvwZi wbRi AfixY wewfb kwYi
gaKvi msNl AvRKi eo mgmv| Aek GUv AvMvmx RvZxqZvev` Ges hys`nx
gbvfvei cKZ AwfkvcK mg_b wKsev nvm Ki bv|
VvKzi : kjvB ewk AvZmPZb, evKjv ZZUv bq| AvBwWqvi AvKvi Ges is
AvQ, mjv mwP wk g~Z nq IVvi Rb Acv Ki| wVK GB gyn~Z wPvb
Avgvi evwZK cwiYZ nqQ| Avgvi fvi i nqQ mxZ Ges KweZv w`q;
GLb, Avgvi Rxebi mvqv Gm, Avgvi gb AvKvi I iO c~Y nq DVQ|

iex`bv_ VvKzii Rb 1861 mvj, ZrKvjxb wewUk Dcwbek fviZ| Avi GBP wR
Iqjm-Gi Rb 1866 mvj, eUb| iex`bv_ g~jZ Kwe, cw_exi AbZg cavb I
eo Kwe| Iqjm cavbZ mvq wdKkb wjLQb, GLbI mgvb Rbwcq| m
weePbvq `yRb AbKUvB `yB gii ewZ| Ze `yRbB gvbyl, mgvR I mswZ
wbq fveZb, G wbq Zuviv AbK KvRI KiQb| BwZnvm, ivRbxwZ I ag welqI
`yRbi wekl AvMn I mwq gZvgZ wQj|
iex`bv_ VvKzi Ges GBP wR Iqjm-Gi ga mvvr nqwQj Rbfvq 1930
mvj, Ryb gvmi c_g w`K| Zuv`i gaKvi K_vcK_b iKW Kiv nqwQj| mB
K_vcK_b Awgq PeZx mvw`Z G UMvi wiWvi bvgK M msKwjZ nq| GB
K_vcK_bi mgq Zuviv gvbe mfZv Ges gvbyli fwelZ wbq AbK gZ I aviYv
e KiQb| mme K_v GLbI Kg cvmwK bq|
VvKzi : AvaywbK mfZvi ceYZv nQ cw_exUvK mgicx evbvbv| KjKvZv, ev^,
nsKs, Ges Ab me bMix Kg-ewk GKB iKg, wekvj gyLvk civ, hv KvbI wekl
`ki cwZwbwaZ Ki bv|
Iqjm : Z_vwc Avcwb GB wekl eveZvK Ggb GKUv BwZ gb Kieb bv h
Avgiv GKUv bZzb cw_ex-evcK gvbe-kLjv Zwii w`K GwMq PjwQ hv
vbxqZvK cZvLvb Ki|
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cqvRb| ewK ewj `Iqv DwPZ ne bv|
Iqjm : Avgiv gB Ggb GKUv gvbe mfZvi K_v fvewQ hvi Ici wfw Ki ewi
c~YZvi wekvj mvebv Zwi ne| ewK Avgiv hfve `wL, m `yfvMi wkKvi, KviY

mfZv c_K c_K GKK wef nq coQ, A_P DwPZ wQj wgwjZ nq GKUv meRbxb
mgMZvq cwiYZ nIqv, mUvB gvbe RvwZi ^vfvweK Me ej gb nq|
VvKzi : Avgvi wekvm gvbe mfZvi HK mePq fvjfve iv Kiv me cw_exi
wewfb mfZvK msN I mnhvwMZvi eb Ave Kivi ga w`q| Avcwb wK gb
Kib gvbe RvwZi Rb GKwU mvaviY fvlv Zwii KvbI ceYZv `Lv hvQ?
Iqjm : GKUv mvaviY fvlv (common language) meZ gvbe RvwZi Ici
Rvic~eK
Pvwcq `Iqv ne, Zv Avgiv cQ` Kwi ev bv Kwi| AZxZ, KvbI
msZ
gbi gvbemgvR wbR`i Rb vbxq fvlv Zwi KiQ| GLbKvi
cqvRbxqZvB Avgv`i GKUv meRbxb fvlv MnY KiZ eva Kie|
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hvMvhvM mvaviY fvlvi c_ Dby Ki w`Q| Z_vwc GB meRbxb fvlv meZ
RvZxq fvlvjvK cwiZvM Kie bv| GLvbB GLb GKUv KZ~njvxcK Z_
iqQ h, gvbegbi HKi geagvbZvi cvkvcvwk, RvZxq AvZmPZbZvi
AMMwZ cZK RvqMvq RvZxq fvlv Zwi wKsev Zvi cybixeb NUvQ| Avcbvi
wK gb nq bv AvgwiKvq, AvgwiKv Ges Bsjvi ga AevnZ Nwb mK
mI, Bswjk fvlv GKUv mywbw` icvi I cwieZbi w`K GwMq hvQ?
Iqjm : mUv nj Avwg AevK nev| Pwjk ev cvk eQi AvM nqZv G iKg
Aev wQj, wK GLb mvwnZ Ges mvaviY K_vcK_b Bsjv Ges AvgwiKvi
fvlvi ga cv_K wbYq Kiv gB KwVb nq DVQ| Gi Ab w`K _K AbK
ewk cwZNvZ AvQ ej gb nq| Avgiv AvRKvj K_v mcPvii cvKwZK
cwZjvi mcmviY I c~YZ
vmvabi Rb KvR KiwQ| Abyev` GKUv weiwKi
evcvi| Avcbvi KweZvi K_vB aib GB cwqvq mjv wK AbK wKQz nvivqwb?
mjvK GKB m mKj gvbyli KvQ evaMg Ki Zvjvi KvbI cwZ hw`
_vKZ Zvnj mwZB mUv PgrKvi GKUv evcvi nZv|
VvKzi : wewfb RvwZi mxZi GKUv mvaviY gbvwK wfw iqQ, Zvi gvb GB bq
h RvZxq mxZi (national music) AwZ _vKe bv| GKB evcvi, Avgvi gZ,
meZ mvwnZi I mwZ|
Iqjm : AvaywbK mxZ GK `k _K AviK `k hvQ KvbI wKQz bv nvwiq
cyimj _K evK, Zvici evgm, Zvici ik mxZ, Zvici cvP| mxZ nQ
cw_exi me wKQzi ga mePq AvRv wZK|
VvKzi : Avwg GKUz hvM Kwi? Avwg wZb kiI ewk mxZi myi iPbv KiwQ| wK
mjv cvvZ _K `~i iqQ, KviY mjv Avcbv`i wbR`i ^iwjwcZ
mwVKfve `Iqv hvQ bv| Avwg hw` mjvK BDivcxq ^iwjwcZ wjLZI cvwi
ZvnjI meZ mjv Avcbv`i jvK`i evaMg ne bv|
Iqjm : cvvZ Avcbvi mxZi m cwiwPZ nZ cvie|
VvKzi : Ggb wKQz myi-jq AvQ hjv Avgv`i Mfxifve Av`vwjZ Ki, wK
cvvZi kvZv`i eva nq nZeyw Kie| ZviciI, Avcwb hgb ejjb, Nwb
cwiPq NUj meZ mjv gv^q cwgi KvQ h_vwPZ K`i cve|

kvkwZKx-143

kvkwZKx-144

gvbe mfZvi fwelZ

iex`bv_ I GBP wR Iqjm

Iqjm : fwelZ kwK cKvk ne meZ GLbKvi Pq m~Y Avjv`v; Zvi

gvag ne GKB Ges mevi KvQ evaMg| aib iwWI, MvUv cw_exK GK hy
KiQ| Aviv bZzb bZzb Avwevi Avgiv cwZiva KiZ cvie bv| meZ
fwelZ, RvZxq fvlv I Dcfvlv wbq GLbKvi PuPvgwP hLb Kg Avme, wevbi
Aviv bZzb bZzb Avwevi NUe, ZLb Avgiv ciii m K_v eje GKB mvaviY
gvag eenvi Ki, hvi ^c GLbI Avgiv `wLwb|
VvKzi : GB hyMi Rb Avgv`i cqvRbxq bZzb gb Zwi KiZ ne| mfZvi
bZzb cqvRb Ges Pvwn`vi m Avgv`i wbR`i Lvc LvIqvZ ne|
Iqjm : Lvc LvIqvbv, fqvbK Lvc LvIqvbv!
VvKzi : Avcwb wK gb Kib GLvb KvbI gwjK eYMZ mgmv iqQ?
Iqjm : bv| bZzb bZzb eYi RbI nQ, we`vqI nQ, Aweivg IVv-bvgv|
Avw`gKvj _KB eYmi NU PjQ; fviZ Gi DrK D`vniY| D`vniY wnme,
evsjvq, RvwZc_v Ges Abvb evav mI PgrKvi eYmi NUQ|
VvKzi : GLvb Zvnj eYMiei ckUv AvmQ| cvvZ wK cyivcywifve cvPK
^xKwZ `q? hw` cviwiK MnY me bv nq, Zvnj Avwg mB `ki Rb LyeB
`ytL cKvk Kie, h Abi mswZK cZvLvb Ki| Aaqb KvbI wZ Ki bv,
hw`I W. nvm Ges nbwi gvwZmi gZv jvKiv gb nq wPv Kib h cvPxq gbi
DwPZ bq cvPxq `ki evBi hvIqv, ZvnjB me wVK nq hve|
Iqjm : Avwg Avkv Kwi Avcwb GKgZ neb bv| AvwgI bv|
VvKzi : GUv `ytLRbK evcvi h KvbI GKUv eY ev RvwZi jvKiv ^Mxq
wcqcvlYZvi `vwe Ki Ges wekvm Ki h mwi cwiKbv Abymvi RbMZfveB
Zviv Ab`i Pq k|
Iqjm : cvvZi kZi ckwU meZ MZ GKk eQii evcvi| jcvbZv
hyi AvM ch ZwzKiv cvvZ cvavb wevi Ki wQj; Kj^vmi Awfhvvi
cwiKbv bIqv nqwQj ZwzK`i Govbvi Rb| GwjRve_xq hyMi jLK Ges
Zvi Dim~ixiv cvPi m` Ges elwqK DrKl `L Awff~Z nqwQj| cvvZi
cwZcwi BwZnvm mwZB Lye Aw`bi|
VvKzi : meZ Dbwesk kZvxi c`v_ wevb cvvZ GB eYkZi PZbv mw
KiQ| cvP GB wevb AvZxKiY Kij cvv Rvqvi mw ne Ges ZLb ^vfvweK
MwZ wdi Avme|
Iqjm : AvaywbK wevb cyivcywi BDivcxq welq bq| wKQz `yNUbv Ges A^vfvweK
cwiwwZi KviY cvPi `kjv cw_exi Abvb Ask Df~Z AvweviwjK
KvR jvMvZ cviwb| GK mgq Zviv wbRivB wevbi AbK wKQz Avwevi I
DbwZ KiQ, ci mjvB cvvZ MnY Ges Zvi Aviv DrKl mvab KiQ|
AvRKvj wevbi RMZ Rvcvwb, Pxbv Ges fviZxq bvg Dchy ^xKwZ cvQ|
VvKzi : fviZ Lye Lvivc Aevi ga iqQ|
Iqjm : gvKj hLb fviZ ZZxq kwYi mvwnZ Ges `yej wkveev Pvwcq
`b fviZxqiv ZLb ^vfvweKfveB z nq| Ui KweZv co KvbI gvbyl euP
_vKZ cvi bv| Avgvi wekvm GLb m Aevi cwieZb NUQ| Ze wbwZ _vKzb

h BsiRivI Gi Pq fvj Aevq wQj bv| MociZv fviZxqi Pq fvj wkwZ

Avgiv wQjvg bv, eis Aev Aviv LvivcB wQj|
VvKzi : Avgv`i mgmv njv cvvZi gnvb mfZvjvi m Avgv`i hvMvhvM
^vfvweK Dcvq nqwb| Rvcvb cvvZxq mswZi ewkifvMB AvZxKiY KiZ
ciQ, Zvi KviY Zviv Zv`i cqvRb Abyhvqx MnY A_ev eRb Kivi gZv
^vaxbZv fvM KiQ|
Iqjm : GUv mwZB Lye g` evcvi, KviY ciiK Rvbvi weivU myhvM weivRgvb|
VvKzi : Zvici aib, wkvi mvZavivwj Kbv b`xi Pi cwiYZ nqQ, Avgv`i
m`i mvZw^bxjvK cwZMZfve wfb w`K cevwnZ Kiv nqQ|
Iqjm : AvwgI GKUv cRv-RvwZi m`m| AvgvK cPiz Uv w`Z nq| AvgvK
PK cvVvZ nq mvgwiK wegvb Pvjbvi Rb, miKvii K~UbwZK Kvhg
cwiPvjbvi Rb, cPiz ! Avcwb `LQb, Avgiv GKB Afi wkKvi| fviZ
AvgjvZi HwZn Aek AbK A^vfvweK, Ges mUv Pj AvmQ `xNKvj hver|
BsiR`i AvM gvMjiv GmQ, ZvivI Avgv`i jvK`i gZvB wbwePvix wQj|
VvKzi : ZviciI, wKQz cv_K AvQ! gvMj miKvi h_ ` Ges hvwKfve DbZ
wQj bv| gvMjiv A_ PqwQj, Ges hZw`b Zviv wejvmx Rxebhvcb KiZ ciQ
ZZw`b fviZi AMmigvb MvgxY mc`vqi Rxebhvcb weN mwi BQv cvlY
Kiwb| gymwjg mgvUiv fviZxq wkK Ges Mvgevmx`i Ici KZZ
ev kZ Avivc
Kiwb| GLb, D`vniY^ic, fviZi Avw` wkveev GKevi f coQ, Ges
mKj ^`kx wkvmsv cqvm miKvwi ^xKwZi Ici wbfikxj|
Iqjm : ivi ^xKwZ, Ges wkvi we`vq!
VvKzi : AvgvK cvqB wRm Kiv nq Avgvi cwiKbv Kx| Avgvi Reve nQ, Avgvi
KvbI cwiKbv bB| Avgvi `k, Ab me `ki gZv, Zvi wbRi msweavb wbRB
Mo Zzje; mUv GMve Zvi cixvg~jK chvqi ga w`q Ges kl ch GKUv wKQz
`uvwoq hve, Avwg ev Avcwb hv Avkv Kwi Zvi _K m~Y Avjv`v wKQz|

kvkwZKx-145

kvkwZKx-146

cKvwkZ nqQ Kwe kvgxg bIivR-Gi wZxq KveM cvwL`i

evsjv LvZv| Kwei mvcwZK mgq jLv 40wU KweZv w`q mvRvbv
nqQ MwU| cKvk KiQ myeY cKvkbx| cQ` KiQb aye Gl|
eBwUi g~j ivLv nqQ 70 UvKv|

iRvDj Kwig wmwKx

PvLi evwj : iex`bv_i Dcbvm I FZzcYi PjwP

PjwP iex`bv_ (148-161)

PjwP : PvLi evwj

PjwP : PZzi

kvkwZKx-147

mvwnZiwmK`i KvQ iweVvKzii PvLi evwj DcbvmwUi K_v bZzb Ki bv ejjI

Pj, wK Zuviv AbKB Gi Dci wfw Ki wbwgZ QwewU `Lb wb| ejvB evj
GKwU Dcbvm ev M KLbvB e QweZ cvIqv hvq bvmeI bq KviY `yUv
gvag Avjv`v, Avi Qwei `Ni welqwU iZc~Y weavq AbK wKQz ev` bv
w`q Dcvq _vK bv| wK hw` GiKg nq h Dcbvm bB Ggb wKQz mshvRb Kiv
nqQ A_ev hv mswfve DjL AvQ gv Zv wevwiZfve, Ggb wK bZzb Pwi
mw Ki `Lvbv nqQ QweZ Zvnj eySZ ne cwiPvjK GwUK Zuvi `wKvY
_K h_ cqvRbxq gb KiQb| wdj KvMRKvwji gZ mv bq, Zvi Dci bZzb
Pwi mshvRb gvbB eqew| Avevi GiKg cvqB j Kiv hvq h GKwU
GwcmvW ev NUbv Dcbvm hfve AvQ ev Dcvcb Kiv nqQ Zv _K wfbfve
QweZ `Lvbv nQ| wKQz cwieZbeRb, mshvRb, icvigvag Avjv`v ej
Riwi nq co| Abvb cwieZb cavbZ wPbvUKvi I cwiPvjKi wbR^ wP
vaviv, cQ`-AcQ` I Kvbv ee cwizU Kivi BQv _vKj Zv viv wbqwZ nq|
cwiPvjKi ee Avi JcbvwmKi ee GK wK bv Zv weePbv Kiv hZ cvi|
QwewU `Lvi mgq Avgvi gb nqQ GZUv cwieZb cqvRb wQj bv, wekl Ki
hLb QweZ AcwiewZZ ivLv nqQ Dcbvmi Kvwnbxi g~j KvVvgv cwiYwZ I
wkivbvg, hvi mv_ Rbgb Rwoq AvQ iex`bv_i bvg| DjLhvM cwieZbjv
j Kivi ci nqZv Gi evLv ev Dcmsnvi hvIqv hZ cvi|
Dcbvmi iZB ivRjx I Zvi cy gn`i ga K_vcK_b webvw`bxK
weq Kivi cm| gn` AwbQzK| Avi Qwei iZB GKwU wPwV cvV Kiv nQ
bc_, hv ivRjx wjLQb Zvi evjmwL A_vr webvw`bxi gvK| GB wPwV _K
Kvwnbxi cv_wgK aviYv cvIqv hvQ, Avi GwU coevi mgq `Lvbv nQ webvw`bxi
QweK gn`i Aenjv, ivRjxi Am gyL| Zvici webvw`bxK `Lv hvQ GK
gvSeqmx BDivcxq aghvwRKvi m| webvw`bxi evev Zvi GKgv KbvK
wgkbvix gg ivwLqv e hZ covbv I KviKvh wkLvBqvwQjDcbvmi ay GB
GKwUgv evKi Dci wfw Ki QweZ hvM Kiv nj mB ggmvnei Pwi| Zvi
m webvw`bx fvv BsiwRZ K_v ejQ| ggmvnei cki Reve Zvi ^vgx Kx
AmyL A eqm gviv MQ Zv evSvevi Pv KiQ| ggmvne webvw`bxK
PKvjU w`Qb, webvw`bxi wav hnZz m weaev| (ci `Lv hve webvw`bx
BsiwR g` kL wb, Ges m GKwU BsiwR MvbI MvBe|) Dcbvm Gme bB|
Dcbvmi webvw`bx GZUv AvaywbKv bq, hw`I m wkwZv, eywgZx, iwPmbv I
ewj ewZi AwaKvwiYx| cii wmKvq ewgi KKvi DBj _K wenvix
coQ ivRjx, gwnb I Abc~Yvi DcwwZZ| (Dcbvm webvw`bx jywKq coe
wele, Ges mwU Aviv ci|) ivwnYx Ggb GKRb icmx weaev h msvi gvb
bv| wK Zvi AbK Y AvQbvbvb iKg ivbv, KviKvR, Kb mvRvbv, BZvw`|

kvkwZKx-148

Ges GB mKj Yvejxi Rb Aekl ZvnvK gwiZ nBj, gwnbi evZK g

e| ivRjx Reve ejb h GKRb weaev IiKg AvPiY Kij fMevb kvw `eb
bv? gwnb ej h kvw w`qQb ewgP`, fMevb bq| ivRjx Avevi ejb h
bfj wjLj IiKg GKUz mvwRq wjLZ nq| AvRKvjKvi mv`vgvUv weaev`i wK
GLbKvi Qjiv cQ` Kie? Di gwnb ej h ewgi Kvbv gqKB
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ZvB hw` mwZ Zv nj m webvw`bxK Aenjv KiwQj Kbv, m Zv BsiwR
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kvkwZKx-149

kvkwZKx-150

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kvkwZKx-151

kvkwZKx-152

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kPxmi wekvm gvPbi nZz| hw`I wVK Kx NUbv ciivq m ^vgxRxi Avkg VuvB
Mvo Zv KLbvB cwivi bq| PjwP Kexi mygb AwfbxZ jxjvb` PwiwU GKwU
c_K, ewj Pwi wnmeB fv^i| m KviYB ck RvM, hw` RvVvgkvB
Dcbvmi GKwU c_K Pvvi nZ cvib, PjwP Ze jxjvb` bb Kb? wKQy
mgvjvPK Dcbvmi kPxm I jxjvb`-Gi mKi m ^vgx weeKvb`kxivgK`ei mv`k Luy R cvb| PjwP hw`I m AeKvk bB| kPxm fw M`M`, jxjvb` fveim AvK| wK `vwgbxi m mvvZi `kwjZ jxjvb`B
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kvkwZKx-160

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cv hvq| GB PvwiwK cwieZbi RbB Dcbvmi c_ hZ Zvgvi mv_ wgjb
nj w`bi kl, cv wMq PjwP gvwUi eyKi gvS e`x h Rj wgwjq
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A^xKvi Ki `vwgbx aygv cyilZvwK mgvRKB Pvj Rvbvq bv, GKB m
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AvbQb| mygb mme kVZvq hvbwb| wZwb `vwgbx Pwii wgDwRKvj BUviwjDW
wnme eenvi KiQb, Avgvi cvYi gvS myav AvQ PvI wK (hv `vwgbxi
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ai iLQ i Ges kli evqbi `k hLvb Abe` mywd mxZ (wgj Mqv
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jxjvb`i Mjvi KvBgv mRbKvix Mvb| mygbi PjwP cKZ A_B wgDwRKvj
Nivbvi Qwe nq IV Zvi kvwK evwZ|

cKvwkZ nQ AvdivRv Avjgi c_g AvZRewbK Dcbvm

dvbym| eBwU ei KiQ ^i cKvkbx| eBwUi PgrKvi
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kvkwZKx-161

gn`x Avyjv n

evwjKvgj : my wZi e K_v

Qv G RxebUv KZv wewP K_viB bv Rb `q wbii| Nii K_v, cii K_v|
gvVi K_v, NvUi K_v| myLi K_v, `ytLi K_v| AviI Kv wKQz...! wKQz K_v
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mewKQz| cKvk Ki ^v` A_ev we^v`| K_vq wKsev jLvq| ZvZB eywS kvw nq
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NYvi I ^ci K_v ejQb| evwjKvgj MMwUi AwaKvsk M gnvb gywhyi
mgqi wKQz K_v cvIqv hvq| Mw UZ 11wU M AvQ| AwaKvsk Mi bvgi ga
ewP Ges my`i wPvi m~Zv j Kiv hvq|
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GB wbM~p Z cvB Avgiv GB Mi wfZi| evwjKvgj MwU Kvb nvivbv
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cvIqv hbv ^c-myLi mvb `q| GB M gq`i wnsmyU gbi m~ imi ^v`I
cvIqv hvq| evrmvqb PwiZK_v MwU Dvj hebi `yi K_vi M| GB M
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vb cqQ| GB Mi wPcU mxgveZx GjvKvq AewZ `jZw`qvi hbcwj|
Wvwjg Kzgvii bvggv Qvqv GB MwUZ jLK ^vaxb evsjv`k GKRb Wvwjg
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Kzgvi Kv_vI bB, hviv AvQb Zviv hbv Zvi Qvqv gv| AM hvv M GKRb
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kvkwZKx-162

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bIqvi ci Gi fvjg` eySZ cvib, Zgwb wZwb AvZii M w`q GKRb
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M GLbv hvqwb| Avjv AKvi welqK evjwkv MwU GKRb e-evi `ytLi
KvwnbxK Avkq Ki jLv| e nvivbv xK ^c cvIqvi Rb PvL KvUvb| wK
mB PvL wZwb Zvi xK wZZ wdi cvb bv| ZLb hbv gb nq AKvi RMZB
fvjv wQj| wPjZvWyqv M gvbyli Lvivc Afvmi K_v ejv nqQ| jLK wPj
ejZ gbi wfZii eei wPK eywSqQb| hUvK bv Zvovj gvbyl gvbyl nq IV
bv| is-Rjv Rxebi mv`vKvjv weeiY M jLK `wLqQb GKRb gvbyli
AvkvnZ nIqvq wP| h ^c wbq Rxebi i mB ^c wKfve Kej ^cB _K
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mv_ nvZ gjvq|
kl ejv hvq, evwjKvgj MwUZ jLKi Mfxi wPvi cwZdjb NUQ|
AwaKvsk M MKvi k Pqbi Lye mveavbZv Aej^b KiQb Ges
mvejxjZvi w`K bRi w`qQb| jLKi MK_bi ga GKUv MwZ j Kiv
hvq| Kvgbv Kwi jLK GfveB mvejxj k eybb cKvk Ki hveb, Rxebi Mfxi
_K MfxiZi Abyf~wZjvK| eBwU cKvk KiQ ekvLx cKvk| g~j ivLv
nqQ 80 UvKv| cKvkKvj 21k eBgjv 2011|

gwkDi ingvb

RvQbvq cyowQj hviv : q hvIqv ^ci AvLvb

DcbvmI AvaywbK M` mvwnZi GK Rbwcq kvLv| ewRxeb _K i Ki mvgwK
Rxeb dzU DV GB Dcbvm| gvbe Rxeb mwKZ bvbv w`K Dcbvm Avm| GKRb
gvbyl nq DVvi wcQb hme Dcv`vb (hgb : cwievi, mgvR, iv I wek) KvR Ki
Pj mewKQz _vK Dcbvm| GB KviY eZgvb mePq Rbwcq mvwnZ gvag nQ
Dcbvm| Dcbvm ewRxebi cg-wein, nvwm-Kvbv, myL-`ytL, PvIqv-cvIqv, Zvi
gvbweKZv, agxq g~jeva, AvwKZv-bvwKZv, mgvRi bvbvgyLx cfve, ivhi me
w`K DV Avm; Ggb wKQz ev` _vK bv hv Dcbvm hvIqvi AhvM|
Dcbvm RMZ gynv` gn`x nvmvb GKevi bZzb| RvQbvq cyowQj hviv
gynv` gn`x nvmvbi c_g Dcbvm| Dcbvm wnme GUv KZUv mv_K ev mv_K
bv Zvi wePvi Kieb evv cvVK ev Gi mgvjvPK| f~wgKvq gynv` gn`x nvmvb
GB Dcbvm jLvi `vqfvi ^xKvi Ki wbqQb| Avgiv GB Dcbvmi f~wgKvq
`wL, Avwg GKwU RxebK AwZevwnZ nZ `LwQ| Avi `kUv Rxebi Pq mvgvb
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Zvi cwZ AwfhvM wQj mevi| ZvK hviv fvjvemwQj ev NYv KiwQj, Zv`i Kviv
ZvwQj _KB iv cvqwb m| m mKj wbq KLbI AwfhvM KiZI wbwb ZvK| ...h

kvkwZKx-163

hviv ZvK mB RxebUv w`qwQj Ges ZvK...mKjK abev` RvbvB| Zviv AwZevwnZ bv
Kij Avgvi jLv nq DVZv bv| my`i fvjv _vK| fvjv _vK fvjvjvMv|

GfveB `vqeZv ^xKvi Ki bb jLK| Ggb GKwU Rxeb wZwb Lye KvQ _K
`LwQjb h RxebUv Lye ewk AvK KiwQj jLKK| Avi jLK Kgb
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AiY Pwii ga cvB| AiY eZgvb mgqi gvbyl| b mgqi AveMx gvbyl|
Kbvi gvbyl| ^c `LZ fvjvevm| hvK fvjvevm cvYi Pq ewk fvjevm|
Zvi ga hgb wekvm AvQ, cg AvQ, fvjvevmv AvQ, AvQ DcKvix GKUv gb|
h wbRi nvRvi ZvM ^xKvi Ki Ab`i mevq memgq wbRK e iLQ|
BKevj nvmvBb Payixi Am~Y cwievi m~Y Ki w`Q AiY| h wbRi cwgKv
wigwSgK cvQ bv, wK H mgq m GKwU Am~Y cwieviK m~Y KiQ, Avi
BKevj nvmvBb Payixi cwievii GKwU inm Dvi Ki w`Q, Dcbvmi kl
mB inm Dvii DcwwZ cvB|
Puv`i mB DcZKvq mLvb ^c q hvIqv mgq ai ivLv AvQ| GB h
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ivwL| KZUvi ev mge`bv RvbvB Avgiv mB me gvbyli `ytL| hviv Rxeb msMvg
cwZwbqZ jvwZ nq fvMi KvQ, mgvRi KvQ| hv`i wekvm, fvjvjvMv,
fvjvevmv Lye mnR fO hvq; nq AveMi AcgZ| AvRb& jvwjZ ^c GK wbwgl
KZ mnR f hvq, Zvi cKvk Avgiv gynv` gn`x nvmvbi RvQbvq cyowQj
hviv Dcbvm `LZ cvB|
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`LZ cvB| h AiY wigwSgK Lye ewk fvjemwQj| wigwSg GB Dcbvmi
bvwqKv Pwi| Dcbvmi kl ch Avgiv `LZ cvB, AiY h wigwSgK Lye ewk
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AiY I Zvi fvjevmv Zvi KvQ Kvb g~j ivL wb| ZvB ej Avgiv wigwSgK
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wekvmi, ^ci, fvjevmvi| gZ NU AvRb jvwjZ ^ci evmii| KZ mnR Avgiv
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K_vi| gZz NU GKwU mKi| GKwU wekvmi| GKwU myL mgqi| Ni wdiZ
BQ KiQ bv, NiZv mUvB hLvb KD divi Acv Ki| Rxeb Gic KZ
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Dcbvmi AiYi K_v bq| GB K_v KZ AiYi hv`i Ni emvi AvM Ni fO
hvq| ^c c~YZv cvIqvi AvMB Ac~Y iq hvq| GB K_v mB AwZnxb`i hviv Aw
Z Lyu R wbRi, AwZ Lyu R KvDK wbq AwZi RvqMv Zwi Kivi Rb|
kvkwZKx-164

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Avgiv mxgvnxb fvjevwm ev kv Kwi, ^qs m hLb AvNvZ `q, ZLb Kvi KvQB ev
AbyhvM Rvbvbvi _vK?

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wav : ^i cwicyZ Rxebi kvejx

ZLb mB fvMvnZ`i Avi AwZ Kv_vq Mo DV mUv ckB _K hvq! hv NUQ

GB Dcbvmi AiYi Kcvj| GB Dcbvm K`xq `ywU Pwi AiY I wigwSg
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nvZ evievi evwoq w`qQ m nj AiY| h wbRi Rxeb hYv `~i KiZ cvi wb|
m BKevj nvmvBb mK Lvjyi Am~Y cwieviK m~Y KiQ| BKevj nvmvBb
Payixi cvwievwiK RwUj inm Avgiv AiYi nvZ ai Aegy nZ `wL| Gfve
GB Dcbvmi Kvwnbx GwMq MQ|
gynv` gn`x nvmvb Zuvi c_g Dcbvm RvQbvq cyowQj hviv AiY Rxebi
Qwe AvuKZ wMq Avgv`i eZgvb mgqi GKwU PvjwPi mv_ cwiPq NwUq `b|
GB Dcbvmi cU iPbvq ev wfw iPbvq jLK AbKUv mv_K Zv wbtm`n ejv
hvq| GB Dcbvm cvV cvVK GK bZzb ^v` cve| bi GB hyM gvbeRxeb, Zvi
cg, wekvm, fvjevmv, cvwievwiK eb, Kvb chvq wMq cuQQ Zuvi GKwU ^v`
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cwikg Ki PjwQ ZviI cwZQwe cvB GB Dcbvm| fvlvYi wKQz wU _vKv
mI DcbvmwU AbK mv_K nIqvi ghv`v ivL| jLK GB Dcbvm
GKKUv Pwi iPbvq h hZi cwiPq w`qQb, Zv AbKUv ckvsmvi hvM|
Dcbvmi GKwU ghv`vi RvqMv nq `uvwoqQ AiY PwiwU| GB Pwi weklY
KiZ Mj Avgiv hvwK mgqi hvwK, Avkvev`x, wekvmx, DcKvix, RwUj Rxeb
hYvq Ave gvbyli mvvr cvB| hviv wbii cwikg Ki hvQ GKUz fvj _vKvi
Rb, euP _vKvi gZ euP _vKvi Rb| gvbePwii RwUj w`K weklY jLK
AbKUv mv_KZvi cwiPq w`qQb| GKRb AvaywbK gvbyl h aibi Rxeb
AwZevwnZ Ki, Zvi c~Y Qwe Avgiv GB Dcbvm `LZ cvB| AvRKi gvbyli
PvIqv-cvIqv, myL-`yL, cg-fvjevmv, Rxeb hYv, RwUj ewZ, cvwievwiK
RwUjZv, mvgvwRK Aev, cvKwZK eYbv me wKQz PgrKvi eYbvq jLK Avgv`i
mvgb Zvi c_g Dcbvm Zzj aivi Pv KiQb|
RvQbvq cyowQj hviv gynv` gn`x nvmvb Gi c_g Dcbvm njI Gi
AmvaviY fvlvY, gvbe Pwii inm mvb, eZgvb cvcUi eYbvY GB
DcbvmK GKwU Avjv`v ghv`vq `uvo Kive| mB mv_ gynv` gn`x nvmvb Zuvi
GB Dcbvmi ga w`q cvVKwcqZv cveb, Ges cvVK`i gvS Zuvi GKUv ^Z
RvqMv Zwi ne GB cZvkv|

gbi AbK AZZvK m wbq Rxebi c_ PjZ nq| Ave nZ nq wewfb

mKi RvjI| h Rvji ic, Aeqe Ges Awfewi Abe` AvnwiZ Auvavi nq
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mgvR msmvii cwiQb Ges eyw`x `vqeZvi Zvobvq ZvwoZ mgqi KvQ `xwZ
nevi mgq GLb GmQ| cjwjqZ wKsev AaybvKvji cv cwgZ Uvi Mvmmn
mKj K_vKvi mgvR Rxebi Rxeb ebvi wkwZ ic Ab KiQb| GQvov
cjxei mgvR webvm I mvc`vwqK PZbv mgvRK h Avwc eua iLwQj
Zv kirP`, ewgP`, iex`bv_ eYbvi AbywgK avivq `viYfve dzwUq ZzjQb
mRbkxj QvUMi mvnvh| AvaywbKZv I DivaywbKZvi wg_wqvq mgvRi eve
ic I Rxebi kvkZ ^fveKB mvwiZ KiQb wavi jLKq Zv`i Mi
fZi w`q| gvRvd&di nvmb I ivZzj cvj wgZK_b fwZ Kvwnwbi wbg` `kb
cKvk KiQb QvUM msKjb wavi ga w`q| ZiY eqmi jLv Mjvi
ga wgZK_bi cfve _vKjI welqi eY efe jLvjv hiKgi cej
myivmwi `vwe ivL Zv Kvbv AskB cw_Zhkv jLK`i Pq Kg bv|
Zi_i w`bk mviw_ `yRb MKvii gjvUe hyMj cKvk, cKvk avivq
GbQ GK AvaywbK AbbciZv| dgvi fuvR fuvR DV GmQ wewP NUbvi eYbv,
hv Mreuvav avivi evBi GKevi `vMivwR fwgvq| jLKq wav bvgK G
MM cZK gvU bqwU Ki M mshy KiQb| hvi ewki fvM MB wewfb
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g`, kvkwZKx, ewj UvBgm, agwb weklfve DjLhvM| gnicyi Rjvi
kvwjKvi jLK gvRvddi nvmb I evMinvU Rjvi dwKinvUi jLK ivZzj
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jLK `yRbi GKRb eveZvK cvavb w`qQb Avi AbRb cvavb w`qQb
fveveMK| MKvi gvRvd&di hgb eveZvi avi Nul Zvi MjvK wbgvY
KiQb, Abw`K MKvi ivZzj cvj fveveMK iZ w`q wbcyY `Zvq Mu_Qb
Mi `qvj|
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mvne I gq m~wP| evev gqK fvlv Av`vjbi cvcU mK cwiwPZ Ki
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kvkwZKx-165

kvkwZKx-166

AwZg Ki hvq| wgwQj mevi gyL vMvb : wRbvi NvlYv, gvwb-bv, gvbev bv|
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ej Giv Lye `yz gvbyl ZvB bv evev? bv gv, Giv LyeB fvjv gvbyl- me`vi
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`Iqvi Pv Pvjvq mB eYbv GmQ G M| gv mwjbv AvviI G M iZc~Y
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mB hvIqvB kl hvIqv, wZwb Avi dib wb| Rbw`b cw_exi mePq g~jevb
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ce Gm nVvrB Zvovov Ki kl Kiv nqQ| MwU AviI eYbvagx I msjvcagx
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fZ Avi ivRv ivLvj| wgqvevwoi ivLvj nevi ^c `L cvkeZx Mvgi ivLvjiv|
wgqvevwoi eo Qj wek eQi ci wejZ _K evwo wdiQ ZvB evwoZ Drmei
AvgR| G Drmei fZi AvZbvgv jvki `vdb eev Pj| ivZ jWyweZ
wgqvevwoi mB wejZ diZ Qji mwjj giY nq| mB jvkiB `vdb nq Drmei
fZi mevi ARv| `viY UvwRK Dcvcb j Kiv hvq GB M|
gvRvd&di nvmb Mi kwebvm my`i cvi`wkZv `wLqQb| cwZwU
MB mnR mij evKi evmb Abvqvm cwVZ nq hvq| mvejxj K_vi myPvi
KvwiMi gvRvd&di nvmb Zvi ZZxq M gmwR`-G `wLqQb mvaviY gvbyli
ga agxq Kzmsvi Avi agi bvg fvwgi ewntcKvk| mq` IqvjxDjvni
jvjmvjy Mi f cxi gwR`i K_v iY Avm G M coj| G MiI cavb
Pwi gwR`| Ze G gwR` f-jU bq| G gwR` msmvi me nvwiq AbKUv
Amnvq nq coQ| Ni wKkvix gqK wbq euvPvi ^c `L| wK ZvK myL
ivLvi bvg wKkvix gqK weqi cve `q gmwR`i Ryi| gyLvkavwi gvbyli
gyLvk Lye `pfve DbvwPZ nqQ G M| gmwR`K K` Ki eemv Avi
Amnvq gvbyl`i agi `vnvq w`q wec_ wbq hvIqv GB Mi g~j DcRxe|
MKvi m wP my`ifveB GuKQb|
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cZviYv Avi ^ Avqi bvix`i Rxebi cwZQwe dzU DVQ GB M| AvwQqv

bv| Ze AbK eo GKUv ck Zwi nq| kli fve c~Yvfve cKvk cvq bv|
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MvIqvi dzmiZ nqwb Zuvi| Pj Ubi fZi nKvi`i wqvKjvci K_v Lye

my`ifve ejv nqQ| gvbyli hw` `w bv _vKZv Zvnj ei Ave`b AbKLvwb

Kg hZv Ggb `vkwbK Dwi mv_ mv_ GB M GmQ Pvjm jv^-Gi K_v,
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MVbcYvwjZ Mo IVv GKwU AvLvb| cKvki ewj mvnm Avi Awf jLbxi
cyZv bv Gj G aibi jLv mdjZv cvq bv| MvgmgvRi cPwjZ fvlvq
Dcvcbi fwgv c_gUvq cvVKK PgK `q Avevi AvKI Ki, hgb Qqgb
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cwieZb NUwb|
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mnR cvwi bv| cwZwbqZ agi bvg NU hvQ AmsL Awbqg| Ggb ewb ePb
MK cwicyZvi w`K GwMq wbq MQ| beg M Do hvq mv`v kKzb, G M
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(gmR) `b, Zv njv RvMiYi cwZ wekvm| gvbyl cv_i nZ cvij, cv_i
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Kbv RMZ _K wbgvY KiQb G M| `q bv _vKj Zzwg Avi gvbyl _vKe

kvkwZKx-167

kvkwZKx-168

_vK ivavi PwKi Zj| iZvi Qj `yBUv GB h i Kijv mvivivZ Pje I`i Kvbv!
iZvi Kbv eyK gyL jvwMq Kuv`Z _vK evPv `yUv, Avi iZv ANvi Nygvq| AvwQqv wbRi
eyK nvZ w`q Abyfe Ki GLbv Kvqwb m| Mi kl GiKg evPwbK kwjZv _vK

bvZvB gvbyli cwZ `qevb nIqvi Avnvb iLQb MKvi| ZZxq M

Avwevi, wbR AwZi ck Avv GK Avw`g ZiYi M GwU| kKoi KvQ
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wiv PvjKi msjvci gvag bv nq jLKi AvZmsjvc I AvZDcjwi
eYbvi gvag MwU AMmi nj Aviv cvYe nZv| jLKi Pjvi c_i eYbv
cvVKK Lye ewk AvK KiZ cviwb|
cg M gnvgwZ `^j, `^j kwUi AvwfavwbK A_ `B cvZvbvi Rb eenvh
Ask| msZ k `a _K GwU GmQ| MwUK AbKUvB Ab~w`Z Kvbv Kvwnwbi
gZv jMQ| G M Mvb-jLKK gZz` `q `vmywZ hv`yKi| Kweqvj nq hvq
ivR`vnx| l M wbivcv, G M ivnvZ mvne UvKvfwZ wedKm wbq h wav
fyMQb ZviB cKvk cvq| Pjgvb Rxeb gvbyl gvbylK hgb wekvm Ki Avevi
Awekvmi `qvjI Zwi nq gvSLvb| evwoi MU Lvjv iL ivnvZ mvne m wavi
myivnv LyuRZ PqQb| mg M enr mgxc z`| AvKvi AYyM| GLvb jLK
wbRi evgbZK wbq ck iLQb A`kicx gvqi KvQ| mwKyji mvi KvQ ck
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nZv! Ggb K_vi mvnvivq euU gvbyli AmnvqZi Kbv dzU DVQ G M| Ag
M Kwe I ivRKb| jLKi Ab Mjv n^ I msw| wK G MwUi eYbvkwj
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Ges GwcMvgi my eYbvfw cvVKK Pz^Ki bvq AvK Ki| Kwe I ivRKbvi
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ejjI Gi we`ygv Aeg~jvqb ne bv| ivZzj cvji jLvi gybwkqvbv G Mi ga
w`q cKZic ewiq GmQ| ivRKbv GK GK mevBK civwRZ KiZ cvijI
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Kie| beg M btk| G M Rxeb`kb gv GKwU evK DV GmQ| mwU
njv Avi ayi fvB, AZv myK `y fvebi mgq bvB| euvPvi `iKvi euvwP, GB Mvw
Vvjbi `iKvi Vwj| MwZ-wwZ, k-btk, KVviZv-AbyKv meB my`ifve
mshvwRZ nqQ G M| Ges mvRvbv avivgI G MwUi Aevb mwVK nqQ|
Mi h Y Avgv`i Zxefve AvKlY Ki Zv nQ AwbwnZ fvei Amvgvb
kwKZ| ip I `qnxb hvwKZvi AvNvZ eZgvb gvbyl wkKvi KiQ gvbylK
wea nQ Rxebi kvw-cg-m`h| ZviY`x jLvjv QvUMi gvb`i
wePvi wVK KZvLvwb DrKm w`K _K `Lv nj ejZB ne h ek KqKwU
M cvVKK wbtm`n gvngy Kie| Avi QvcvLvbvi f~Z G cKvkbvi Lye ewk
avi KvQ AvmZ cviwb| Ze KqK eQi AvM Mjv jLv ejB nqZv cwgZ
evbvbi wKQy wbqg cqvMi Afve iq MQ| Alv cKvkbx _K cKvwkZ Pvi
iOv AvaywbK Kfvi KvWW (Pvi wcUyi) cQ` AuvUv MwUi g~j ivLv nqQ 120
UvKv| cKvkKvj, deyq vwi : 2011|

kvkwZKx-169

Zwn` Bgvg

AwbevY B`awb : ^chYv A_ev ewi btk

AwbevY B`awb Avmv`yvgvb LvKbi PZz_ KveM; Gi AvM ewiqQ AZj
Rji wSbyK(2005), Rgv ivwL Rbvi(2008) Ges `iRv Lvjv gN(2009)
Aci KveM wZbwU| Kwe Avmv`yvgvb LvKb KweZvPPv KiQb wefvMxq kni
ivRkvnxZ em, me iKgi n-jvo, Awekvm I A^xKvii Pig fvwgi evBi
GKv wbRbZvq Zuvi wbtk Kvewenvi| Kvbv Ame cZvkv bq, Kwe Zuvi mnR
^cjv `Lb, ^c fO Mj welY nb Ges msmvihvcb Kib GB kni emB|
mePq myLx I kv bMix ej ivRkvnx myLvZ (A_ev KzLvZ); Kwe Avmv`yvgvb
LvKbi KweZvgvjv GB kvnwiK mvgim wm, wm| AwbevY B`awbi c_g
KweZv exRi cvVvbvPb
RjZii gZv GB gvZvj ivw Avi/ AwMcwZg GB AwbevY B`awb/ AvgvK `qwb
G kmf~wg Qo hvevi ^vaxbZv:/ ewi wP Quy q Avwg ZvB GLvbB fm hvB...

G kmf~wg wK Zuvi wbRi kni, hv Zuvi Kvei Dei ? Kwe`i gyZveva

weqKi, AvKvke isaby `L hgb Zuviv gy nb, Nvmi Ici GKwe`y UjUj
wkwki `LI Zuv`i gyZv Acvi| m`hgvB m~, j
~ m`h ej wKQy bB|
Avi G m~ m`hB Kwe`i KvZi Ki| mgy`, AvKvk, Avjv, AKvi...GBme
KweZv _K gNi gZv gy evjKi `w w`q Kvb evwjKvi w`K ZvKvj Zvi
Kvbfvm Kx iO wdwiq `e my`ii nvZ? GB fvebv wbq GKw`b mgy` hvIqv hZ
cvi| cvwVq wgmKj wkwkifRv meyR iv`i, `Lv hZ cvi Zvi AZj Mfxi KvK m
iLQ aiAvKvk, bvwK Ab AvKzwZGK gy evjKi?

AvQ cg, ^cg qZv, k~bZv A_ev btmeva, inmwcqZv, RxebZv, mvsMxwZK
g~Qbv, bB weinKvZiZv, hbZv, wbwl Awfjvl wKsev Rxeb wbq Ryqv Ljvi
`ytmvnm| AwbevY B`awb _K KQ cO&w
AiYRyo Gevi hw` wknwiZ bv nq KixNvY,/ Avi hZ ievnx Ae Rji AviwZ,/
BUPvcv Nvmi M Ze GKv GKv cyo hve/ wbtm ei Mvb...(hZ Ae AviwZ)
gvVgq Qovbv ivyi|/ Qvqv hvK ewj; nvZ evovZB/ WvbvZw`bi mq `wL `Z
mviYkxj/ gkt k~bi w`K...(ZvmgM)
bvgZ bvgZ GB wbgMZvi wmuwo/ Avgv`i mv_ Aviv Kx Mfxi hve?/ hZUv Mfxi
Mj/ gq nZ nZ GKw`b me gvwU QvB.../ Nywgq covi AvM Gmv/ wbweo GB
ivwK Aviv ewk LbbhvM Ki hvB| (LwbR)

hb ievU di `yjvBbAnd miles to go before I sleep, And miles to go before

I sleep; Avmv`yvgvb LvKb ^fveMZfve btkPvix, wbii btkLbb Zwi
Kib KweZvi exRZjv| kv, wbic`e Rxebi cwZB Zuvi hZ ccvZ| i`,
gN, Rvrmv, Avjv-AKvi MnZvMx wmv_i gZv weevMx Ki ZuvK c_ c_
Nyivqbv, GB Mn GB mbvmi cyjvgxq `v`yjgvbZvqI wZwb fvMbbv, Ni I
^Rbi AgvN Uvb AvUK MQb MnxPnwZB| GB nvgwmKbm Avmv`yvgvb
LvKbi KweZvK Ki ZzjQ GKiwLK, ewPnxb hw`I welqeenvi wZwb
wewPvwfmvix| AwbevY B`awbi mg KweZvB GKwUB myi I wi`gi Mr-G euvav,
kvkwZKx-170

hb GKwUB KweZv cowQ| A_P ZvK `xNKweZv ejviI Dcvq bB| Kwe
Avmv`yvgvb LvKbi mg wmZv, wbigqZv Avi Mfxi wbgMZvK weePbvq
iLB ejZ nq G mgB Zuvi mxgveZvI eU!

m`mgyj

g bvg bv wel : bvg gvnvZ

Z_vKw_Z mgvR eveZvi wbMo Ave _vKv Kwei KvR bq| eR KwVb K gvwbbv
ejZ cvivUv h Kvb ewi Rb KwVb Ges Kmva| m wZwb hw` nb Kwe
Zvnj mgvRi AwaKvsk gvbyli KvQ nb Ak-AcvO&q| hyM I agi cfve
eRb Ki gnvKvji fvi gv_vq wbZ cvib ejB wZwb Kwe| Avi NyY aiv
mvgvwRK mfZvi AbyMZ ew hZB wbRK Kwe ej `vwe KiK, AZ Avwg ZvK
Kwe ej gb Kwi bv|
KbvceY, mRbkxj, fveev`x wPvkxj`i Avgiv Kwe ejZ cvwi| m A_ Kwe
Rvnvb Avjxi KveM g bvg bv wel cvV Kij ZuvK wbwavq Kwe ejv hvq| GK
`ytmvnwmK cqvm Avgiv LuyR cvB Rvnvb Avjxi g bvg bv wel KveMwUZ|
mgvRi gvbyl nq mgvRi w`KB wZwb Avyj ZzjQb, ejQb Ae hZ K_v :
Afvei A`k eowk Mu_Q Rxebi Uvc/ Ni Ni i jvk c_ c_ Rxebi vf/ g
bvg bv wel wel GLb Lvgvi Lvgvi/ mvcivB evynviv, Ze eu``i VuvB Kvb kni/ b`x
Kv_vq Kvb eni-/ mvci wel hLb gvbyli Aai Aai| (g bvg bv wel)

Amxg ZKi Kej wQbwfb, wbwlZ I bvRnvj nZ `wL KweK| KviY Kwei
ee KLbv GKck bq| Kwe gvbylK fve Avi mB fvebvi cwZdjb NU _vK
KweZvq| eve RMZK gbvhvMx cvVKi gZv cvV Kib Kwe Rvnvb Avjx|
bwZevPK gvbyljvi gvS vbMf ee cPvi Kiv Zuvi KvR bq| gvbyli gvS
^ceyb Kwe KvweK fvlvq ejZ Pvq KgV nI, wbRi AwaKvi wbR Av`vq Ki
bvI (hw`I Kwei KvR mgvR msvi bq)| fyLv-bvv gvbyli KweZv KweZvq Avgiv
GiKg gbvfvei cwZdjb `wL| GK_v hw` Avgiv ^xKvi Kwi, Kwe hv ejb ev
jLb ZvB KweZv, Zvnj wekl wKQz ejvi bB, wK wkvxY nIqvi evcviwU
hw` awi, ZvZ Avgvi gb nq KweZv KweZvB, wbQK vMvb bq| Ze MnYhvMZvi
gvcKvwV Avgvi nvZ bv nqwb cyivcywi| KviY evai gvv cvVKf` wfb nq
_vK| Avmyb Avgiv Kwei ee wb :
nvgvi Zvwo fvjv gvwM fvjv/ nvgvi Kvg fvjv/ nvgiv fvZ evMi gigy Kv!/ Rvqvb
gi` eevK-P/ Rvqvb gvwM eevK-P..

mg Rxebi `bvcvIbv wgwUq `evi cZq Zey Avgiv wbR`i mgcY Kwi
AwZcvKZi Ici| GZ Ki Avgv`i fimvi RvqMvUv gReyZ njI ewMZ
DbwZ _K hvq ZjvwbZ| wbRK RxweZ ivLvi cZq Avgiv m~h`ei KvQ _K
h kw cvB Zv g~jZ Djyeb gy Qovbvi gZvB evcvi|

kvkwZKx-171

cv-gNbv-hgybvi mgc_ ai/ Nvii ga _vwK IivB myLcvwL|/ wbqwgZ evqvg Kwi,
eyKWb `B msmvi,/ Zey Nvii ga bvPwQ-LvwQ-`vwQ-/ Avi/ cv-gNbv-hgybvi mg
c_ ai fm hvwQ...(Rjhvv)|

cwiwPZ c_i MwZ `ZB nq| wK MZvbyMwZK K_vq ^v_KZv Kv_vq? Kwei DPviY
wav njI, GUv gvbZB ne Avgiv bvMwiKZvq AvUK _vKv Rxe h gv|
Rxebi cwiwPZ c_ _K BQv _vKjI ei nZ cvwi bv| G mg Rxeb-hYv
Avkvi mgvw NUvq| dj Rxebi mg m~ Abyf~wZi exR nq Azi web| GKwU
cev` AvQ, fvZ RvU bv, wcwiZ evS| GB wcwiZ evSv AmsLK gvbyli
RbB cw_ex wUK AvQ| ZvB Kwei Kjg DPvwiZ nq dvgwk kxZj KvPi fZi
_K ej|/ evev Iiv Kviv, gvwUi AwaKvi KvK Kq| (^vwaKvii KweZv) eBwU cKvk
KiQ b`x cKvk| cQ` KiQb ivwRe ivq| g~j ivLv nqQ 80 UvKv|

^wP ^wPe

Amgv Acv : GKwU nuvwU nuvwU cv cvi ivWgvc

cvgvb Rq Qbvg MZ cuvP eQi ai KweZv jLv Kwe ij gvndzR Rq-Gi

c_g KveM Amgv Acv| eBwU nvZ wbj h wRwbmwU cvVKi bRi KvoZ
eva mwU cQ` Ges GwU Lye Riwi| Ggb my`i cQ` I iwPkxj KvRi Rb
abev` RvbvB jLK, cKvkK Ges cQ`Kvi Pvi wcUzmn mswk mKjK| Gevi
MwUi fZi Avmv hvK, eBwU c_g cKvwkZ nq 2011 mvji eBgjvq, GKzk
evsjv cKvk _K| KveMwUZ gvU KweZvi msLv 51wU| Kwei KvecwZfvi
m Avgv`i c_g nvB-nvjv ev mvvrKvi nq Acvikb w_qUvi, GwU
KveMwUi c_g KweZv|
AvgvK hLb Acvikb w_qUvi bqv njv/ Avgvi gvqi Aeqe nq Mjv ivZi
wbRb Pi/ mv`v Wvvi`i gb njv dikZvi `j/ AvLivZi gq`vb Avgvi cvc
cyYi wnme PvBZ GmQ! [Acvikb w_qUvi]

wewZi Kx wewP wP! GKRb Kwe KZLvwb KvwbK ev fveyK (cvi ivgvwUK)
nj GZ my`i GKwU wP cvVKi mvgb Dcvcb KiZ cvib! GKRb ivMxi
`wKvY _K Dchy wPwU Dcvcb Kivq GKw`K hgb mw nqQ KiYv ev
gvqvi, Z`c Abw`K mw nqQ nvjKv imi| `yUv wgj Avevi hyMcr mw nqQ
KiY imi| GB KweZvi kli w`K `yUv jvBb `yB Nv Ges Qvwek eQi eqmK/
Avjv`v KiZ cvwi wb mw`b|

gvqi cqvRbxqZvi w`K _K `yB Nv Ges Qvwek eQii `yB mvbK Kwe hgb
Avjv`v KiZ cvib wb, Zgwb Kwei KweZ wbYq Kve Acvikb w_qUvi Avi
Kwei KvecwZfv GB `yUvK Avgiv Avjv`v KiZ cvwibv| Kwei Kve cwZfvi
h_v_ `~Z GB Acvikb w_qUvi| Gici iqQ Acv wmwiRi cuvPwU KweZv|
kvkwZKx-172

Rvwb AvRKi NYvjv ARm Pz^b/ nq wdi Avme GKw`b mw`b gNi e`j/ fm
eove Zvgvi VuvUi Av` Rj/ mB Rj bq Avwg wVK gvbyl nq DVev! (Acv 3)

Kwe Av` gvbyl nq AvQb wK-bv wKsev gvbyl nq DVeb wK-bv Avgiv Zv Rvwbbv|
Ze Kwe h GKRb cKZ Kwe nq DVQb Ges DVeb Zvi cK mvx GB Acv
wmwiRi KweZvjv| Gme KweZvq iqQ evwo divi Zvobv, knii wbtkvmckvmi cwZ weic gbvfve, AvQ Kbv Ges Avnevb| ZvQvov GB wmwiRi
KweZvjvZ iqQ wcq wKQzi Rb Acv Ges wbiU ^Zt~Z Abyf~wZ, iqQ
mylg AveM I ggkx wKQz ki Ljv| hgb evZvki kixi, PZbvi kni,
evai cbqb, VuvUi Av`R
j, mgvwi c`wP cfwZ| Gme ki KjvY
KweZvjv cvVKi Aii Atj Abvqvm RvqMv Ki bq|
Acv wmwiRi kl PviwU KweZv kwkvjx m`n bB| Ze c_g KweZvq
wKQzUv `yejZv iqQ| wekl Ki KweZvwUi ZZxq jvBbwU Avgv`i weiw Avb|
cvVKi ^Zt~Z Abyf~wZ GLvb Gm evavcv nq| myZivs GB PiYwU Kwe Ab
Kvbfve Dcvcb Kij KweZvwU mylg nZv, Zv m`nvZxZ|
Avb jwMq w`jvg eva Abyf~wZi kni/ weKj mfZvK ej w`jvg-bv/ QvB nq
Mjv BDivci AvKvk/ GKx weini euvwk evRvjb Cki| (euvwkIqvjv)

euvwkIqvjv KweZvwU Kwei mevfi ewntcKvk| Kwe AvaywbK mfZv I mgvRev

eZvi bMwP Dcvcb KiQb G KweZvq| gZ G mfZv, hLvb bB ^c, Avkv,
gvbeZv, KejB iqQ vf, nZvkv Avi ^v_i hy| Kwe G mgvR eevi wec
wbRi Aevb wbwZ KiQb| Kej Kvgj Abyf~wZ bq, `pPZv AwMzwj
e`jvZ ne GB mgvR| Kwe Avi `kUv gvbyli gZ Avkvq eyK euva, Kvgbv Kib
GK ` bZZi, h nvwgjbi euvwkIqvjvi gZ me AgvbweK Rvj Ub wbq wMq
dj Avme A_ Rj|
div nq bv, Rb KweZvjvI fvj jvMe cvVK`i| fvj jvMe wW-Rbvikb
wmwiRi 10wU Kve| GB KvejvZ iqQ AmvaviY ebv| AaywbK wWRbvikb I Zv`i KvRKg, gbvfve, Zv`i cg-cxwZ, cvw-Acvw, hbZv
cfwZ welqjv DV GmQ Gme KweZvq|

GB KweZvjvi ci iqQ AgxgvswmZ wmwiRi `ywU KweZv| GB `ywU KweZvZ

iqQ Rxebi Kvb GK mskqvQb gyn~Zi jwLK wP| AgxgvswmZ-2 bvgK
KweZvwUZ iqQ f~Mvj I BwZnvmi AvswkK Dcv`vb|
gvS gvS ZvgvK gb nq/ inmi kvwo civ `yeva wgki/ Avwg Amnvq wKkvi ivRv
ZvZb Lvgb| (AgxgvswmZ-2)

KveMi GKevi kl KweZv, hwU KveMi bvg KweZv, Zv njv Amgv

Acv| KweZvi K_bfw AbKUv mybxj Mvcvavqi gZv| Ze KweZvwU kl
ch Kwei wbR^ZviB cwiPq enb Ki| GwU hb wVK KweZv bq| GK QvU MvwK
Kve| GB GKwU KweZv cvVv, cvVK cZ cvi QvUM Ges Kve `yUv
wRwbmiB ^v`|
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evw` evRjv/ iLv Avcv Avi KLbv gq~i nZ cvi wb/ c_g mvbi Rb w`q AuvZzi
Ni _K dib wb wZwb| (Amgv Acv)

AvjvPbv kl GKwU K_v ejvi _K hvq, Zv njv ^bvgab mvwnwZK Avwbmyj nK

KZK
Kwei cwiwPwZ ewi evcviUv| mvwnwZK Avwbmyj nKi cwZ Mfxi kv I
mvb iLB ejwQ, KweK Kb Avwbmyj nKi gvidZ cwiwPZ nZ ne? Kwei
cwiPq enb Ki Zuvi Kve, Kvb ^vbgab ew ev cwZvb bq| ZvQvov h Kwe
GZ cwiYZ I Ame my`i KweZv wjLZ cvib, wZwb Kb KveMw Ui cQ`i
c_g dvc GB cPv Pvjvjb-Zv Avgv`i evaMg bq| Avkv Kwi, Kwe Zuvi
cieZx Kvb mwZ GB aibi Pv Pvjveb bv| Avgv`i wekvm Kwe ij gvndzR
Rq GKRb kwkvjx Kweic evOjv KveRMZ cwZv jvf Kieb| Gi Rb Kej
cqvRb wKQy Acv| Avi GB Acvi mgvw NUzK Amgv Acvi vivB|

weiwZi Gcvi jvKi wb`v Icvi Avcvm/ dBmeyK cg wkKvi, eD eySjB `vl|
(wW Rbvikbi Kve-9)

`ex wmwiRi KweZvjv KveMi Abvb KweZvi Zzjbvq AvKvi ek QvU, Ze

fve AbK Mfxi| GB KweZvjvi cZK ciZ ciZ ejv nqQ Ggb wKQz bv
ejv K_v hv cvVKK wbq hve fvebvi AbK Mfxi, w`e cwic~Y KweZvi ^v`|
`ex A_ wbZ Rvb/ wbZ Rvb APbv/ wbjK kxZj Pvnwb Qvov/ Iiv w`Z cvibv
wKQzB| (`ex-1)

Dc`Z mgqi mvx nq, NYv Kiv nB, fvjv _Kv, gvK wbq GKwU
ewMZ KweZv, icvi, Avb Rvbvi jnb w`q hvI, GmKj KweZv ^gwngvq
DvwmZ| Gi KvbwU mgKvjxb eveZv, KvbwU fvlv Av`vjb, Avevi KvbwU wcq
gvbylK wbq wjLv|

kvkwZKx-173

AvM 2011-Z cKvwkZ nqQ hk^x mvsevw`K I

mv`K Pcj evkvi-Gi c_g KveM ewZ `e`vi|
eBwU cKvk KiQ wPv cKvkbx| PgrKvi cQ` GuKQb
nvkg Lvb| Pcj evkvii GB KveMw UZ gvU 43wU
KweZv vb cqQ| eBwUi g~j ivLv nqQ 70 UvKv|

kvkwZKx-174

mv`K eivei
wcq mv`K,
evsjv GKvWgxZ Avgvi GK ez AvQ, I-B GKw`b AvgvK kvkwZKx w`j|
ivRkvnx _K cKvwkZ b c_gUvB iZ w`Bwb| ci Aek wbRi fyj eySZ
ci jwZ nB| ejv Pj GB msLvi ga w`q kvkwZKxi mv_ Avgvi cwiPq
NU| AbK AvMn wbq kvkwZKxi meUvB kl KiwQ| Avwg AevK nqwQ GUv
fe h Avgv`i `ki ZiYiv dvKjvi wbq KvR KiQ ZvI Avevi ek
wQq| msLvwUZ ek wKQy bZzb auvPi jLv cqwQ| wekl Ki, Kweqvj Avyj
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miKvii mvvrKviwUI Abe`| ZiY MelK kvgmyj Avidxb-Gi jLvwU PvL
covi gZ| Icvi evsjvi kwbv_ Sv jvjb-Gi AwPb gvbyl I mq ivq jvKMwYZ
wbq PgrKvi wjLQb| AviI fvjv jMQ ^ivwPl miKvi, Aveyj nvmvb Payix,
Aveyj Avnmvb Payix, mgi cvj I mywZv PeZx- Gu`i jLvwj|
kvkwZKxi BZvc~e cKvwkZ Abyev` I bvUK msLvwU Avwg AbK LuvRvLuywR Ki
msMn KiwQ| bvUK I Abyev` wbq Kiv msLvjvI Avgvi h_ fvjv jMQ|
wekl Ki, Abyev` msLvi K_v Avjv`v Ki ejZB nQ| GK gjvUi ga
GZvjv gvbmZ I wfb auvPi jLvi Abyev` cvVi myhvM Ki `Iqvi Rb
AvcbvK abev`|
iex`msLv I kvkwZKxi AvMvgx msLvjvi Acvq iBjvg| Avwkev` iBj|
kx iexb PvUvwR, XvKv wekwe`vq|
sr.du.1999@gmail.com

mv`K mvne,
kvkwZKxi wbqwgZ cvVK Avwg| kvkwZKxi wekl msLvjv mwZB bRi
Kvovi gZv| Abyev` msLvwUi ek KqKwU jLv Avwg GKvwaKevi cowQ| wekl
msLvi KviYB nqZ kvkwZKxi K`i w`b w`b ew cvQ| cwZUv msLvB hLb
wekl ZLb wbq AbK K KiZ nq Avcbv`i!
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PvB, kvkwZKx M I KweZv wbq KvR KiK, KviY GUzKz GZw`b eySZ ciwQ
kvkwZKxi KvR Avi hvB nvK MZvbyMwZK ne bv| Avgvi AviI GKwU cve AvQ
kvkwZKxi KvQ evsjv`ki ivRbxwZ welqK GKwU msLv PvB| wbq fe
`Leb| abev` I AbK AbK fKvgbv|

GKzk eB gjv 2011-Z cKvwkZ nqQ

gvRvd&di nvmb I ivZzj cvj-Gi h_ Mi
eB wav| eBwUi f~wgKv wjLQb K_vmvwnwZK
I cvewK Ave`yk kvKzi Ges cKvk KiQ
A^lv cKvkbx| eBwUi cQ` KiQb Pvi
wcUz| g~j ivLv nqQ 120 UvKv|

GKzk eB gjv 2011-Z cKvwkZ nqQ

gynv` gn`x nvmvb-Gi c_g Dcbvm
Rvmbvq cyowQj hviv| eBwU cKvk KiQ
A^lv cKvkbx| eBwUi cQ` KiQb Pvi
wcUz| g~j ivLv nqQ 130 UvKv|

KzZze wgqv
`Iqvb evRvi, PMvg|

kvkwZKx-175

kvkwZKx-176