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CHE 441
Flash and Fire Point
Name:
Dafer M. Al-Shahrani
Contents :
Subject Pag e
Summary Introduction and Theory Experimental Procedure Schematic Diagram Results & Computations Discussions & Conclusions References Appendix
3 3,4 4 5 5 6 6 6
Summary :
The objective of experiment is to determine the flash and fire point for different types of oils. Result in table 1.
Mechanism
Every liquid has a vapor pressure, which is a function of that liquid's temperature. As the temperature increases, the vapor pressure increases. As the vapor pressure increases, the concentration of evaporated flammable liquid in the air increases. Hence, temperature determines the concentration of evaporated flammable liquid in the air. Each flammable liquid requires a different concentration of its vapor in air to sustain combustion. The flash point of a flammable liquid is the lowest temperature at which there will be enough flammable vapor to ignite when an ignition source is applied.[1]
In open cup devices the sample is contained in an open cup which is heated, and at intervals a flame is brought over the surface. The measured flash point will actually vary with the height of the flame above the liquid surface, and at sufficient height the measured flash point temperature will coincide with the fire point. The best known example is the Cleveland open cup (COC). There are two types of closed cup testers: non-equilibrium, such as Pensky-Martens where the vapours above the liquid are not in temperature equilibrium with the liquid, and equilibrium, such as Small Scale (commonly known as Setaflash) where the vapors are deemed to be in temperature equilibrium with the liquid. In both these types the cups are sealed with a lid through which the ignition source can be introduced. Closed cup testers normally give lower values for the flash point than open cup (typically 5-10 C) and are a better approximation to the temperature at which the vapor pressure reaches the lower flammable limit (LFL) .[1]
Experimental Procedure :
Filled the cup with the oil. S C increased this was when there was a lot of vapors formed over the cup. Recorded the lowest temperature at which application of a flame caused the vapors above the surface of liquid to ignite as the flash point. Continued the heating and recorded the lowest temperature at which application of flame caused the liquid (petroleum product and other fluids) to burn for at least 5 sec fire point. Cleaned the cup and repeated steps 1-5 for other samples.
Schematic Diagram :
References :
[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash_point [2] Note of Petroleum Engineering Laboratory. [3] www.petrotest.com/index_256e77448c5d143f37250...
Appendix :