Discussion6

Outline:
CommonCollectorAmplifier
o AnalyzeGain,inputandoutputimpedances
Summaryofthe3basicAmplifiers(CE,CB,CC)Discussdifferencesandcircuitapplications
o Comparethecharacteristics
Examplesonhowtocascademultipletransistorstocreatebetteramplifiers
o VoltageAmplifier:HighGain,largeinputimpedance,smalloutputimpedance(CECC
amplifier)
o TransconductanceAmplifier:HighG
m
,largeinputimpedance,largeoutputimpedance
(CECBamplifier)
CommonCollectorAmplifier/EmitterFollower:
Figure1belowshowsthebasiccommoncollectoramplifier.
Drawitssmallsignalmodelandverifythatthegain,inputimpedance,andoutputimpedanceareas
follows:

=
g
m
R
L
1 +g
m
R
L
=> implics A

is ot most 1.

R
n
= r
n
+(1 + [)R
L

R
out
=
1
g
m
| | r
n
| | R
L
=
1
g
m
| | R
L

Quickwaytoseetheoutputimpedanceislookingattheoutputnode.Theimpedanceseenatthe
outputnodeistheimpedancelookingup(intotheemitterofQ
1
)inparallelwiththeimpedancelooking
down.Recallthatimpedanceseenlookingintotheemitterofanamplifieris1/g
m
,whichmeansthatthe
outputimpedanceisapproximately1/g
m
inparallelwithR
E
.

SmallsignalModelofCC:

Summaryof3basicamplifiers:

CEAmplifier:Highgain,Largeinputresistance,largeoutputresistance
CBAmplifier:Highgain,Smallinputresistance,largeoutputresistance
CCAmplifier:Unitygain,Largeinputresistance,smalloutputresistance

Cascadingmultipletransistors:
Tomakebetteramplifiers,i.e.tohaveamplifierswithhighergainandmoreideallikeinputandoutput
resistances,weneedtocascadethevarioustypesofamplifierswevelearnedabout.
Cascading:Sofar,weveonlydiscussedsinglestageamplifiers,butbyplacingamplifiersoneafterthe
other,wecreatemultiplestageamplifiers.
Tipsformultiplestageamplifiers:
Gain=Productofgainsfromeachstage
Inputresistance=inputresistanceoffirststage
Outputresistance=outputresistanceoffinalstage

Buildingideallikeamplifiers:

VoltageAmplifiers:Wanthighgain,highinputimpedance,andlowoutputimpedance
CEamplifierhasahighgain,largeinputimpedance,andlargeoutputimpedance.So,usingthis
amplifierforthe1
st
stagewillprovideuswiththedesiredhighinputimpedance,andalargegain;
however,itslargeinputimpedanceisundesired.
Solution:UseaCCsecondstage,soitssmalloutputimpedancecanbeused.

FinalResult:GainapproximatelythatoftheCEstage(sincegainofCCamplifierisapproximatelyunity).
HighinputimpedanceofCEstage,andlowoutputimpedanceoftheCCstage:

TransconductanceAmplifiers:Wanthighgain,highinputimpedance,highoutputimpedance
CEamplifierhashighgain,largeinputimpedance,andlargeoutputimpedance,butsupposewe
wishtoincreasetheoutputimpedance.
Solution:UseaCBsecondstage,sinceitsoutputimpedancewillbecomeevenhigher.

FinalResult:GainisapproximatelythatofCEstage(sincecurrentgainofCBstageisapproximately
unity).HighinputimpedanceofCEstage,andoutputimpedanceofCBstagedegeneratedbyoutput
impedanceoftheCEstage(g
m,CB
(r
o,CB
)r
o,CE
).