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Lab 5: Fiber Optics Transmission

Graham Mulvaney Wednesday Wallabies with TA John Hardin Lab Performed: 2/22/12 Lab Submitted: 2/29/12

Introduction/Purpose: This lab deals with the application of fiber optics to transmit information. The lab was separated into two weeks with the first week dealing with the building of the physical circuit, and the second with the creation and application of LabView code to the circuit. Section A: Transmitter The transmitter was created by following the circuit diagram shown below. The R2 resistor was an addition to the circuit that greatly improved the range of sending speeds possible. This was the only improvement made to the circuit, but it greatly affected performance.
5V transmitter R1 150

5V IF-396 transmit_data U1A data_in 74LS00D U1C GND 74LS00D U1D 74LS00D GND 74LS00D U1B R3 2.2k R2 1k Q1 2N3904

For an in-depth analysis of how this circuit functions see the pre-lab submitted earlier. Section B: Receiver The receiver was constructed according to the circuit diagram shown below. The circuit emphasizes the use of the Darlington configuration of transistors to greatly amplify the current into the receiving circuit. We were greatly stymied by the three-pronged receiver and could only hypothesize about its use until another lab section discovered the issue. Once we discovered how to properly orient the receiver in the circuit, we abandoned our failing 2 pronged transistor.
5V R1 150 R2 4.7k receiver

data_out U1A 74LS00D TP2 U1C 74LS00D U1D 74LS00D GND U2A 74LS00D __data_out

IF-D92 Q1 2N3904 TP1 GND

For an in-depth analysis of how this circuit functions see the pre-lab submitted earlier. Section C: Operating the Link

This section of the lab consisted of testing the operation and specifications of the circuit. The circuit was connected to a square wave generator at 1Hz and the LED under the transmitter was blinking. Next the module was connected to my partners receiver system using a fiberoptic cable and the input and output wave were observed on the oscilloscope as shown in the sketch below.

The speed of the system was then tested by sending varying frequencies through the circuit, while measuring the distortion of the waves. The data is shown below.

Input (Hz) Output (Hz) Distortion 495 494.4 0% 1.18k 1.19k 0% 51k 50k 0% 100k 99.01k 10% 200k 200k 25% 301.7k 301.7k 40% 344.8k 344.8k 99% Varying frequency inputs into transmitter-receiver circuit.

Section D: LabVIEW-driven Operation This section begins the second week of this lab, where the focus is on driving the circuit with LabView. VIs were created to send and receive messages from my partner entitled FIBER-T.vi and FIBER-R.vi, as well as to send and receive any type of analog waveform such as triangular waves, sine waves, sawtooth waves, etc. The maximum speed of the link was 6 ms. The circuit was optimized by setting equal delays on each computer system to make sure it synchronized, then using the simplest circuit and method of transmission to operate the circuit. These vis can be found on my website http://mulvaney352.weebly.com shortly after the submission of this report. Web-based controlling of the vi was attempted at great length of time, but my partner and I could not get the system to work properly. Finding a more straightforward and clearly organized tutorial than the one found on the NI website would be our first step in continuing work on getting the web-based controlling to work properly. Questions: Section A: Transmitter - The TP will show the same value as the input because the first NAND outputs the inverted signal, and the second NAND rights the signal. - The LED will emit light when the transistor is turned on and the +5V power source can drop a voltage across the diode. - Resistors R1 and R3 function as pull up resistors to make sure that voltage is the correct value when no signal is coming through the circuit. The added resistor helps to set the base of the transistor at Ground when no signal is coming through. Section B: Receiver - The values corresponding to logic HIGH and LOW are 5V and 0V respectively Section C: Operating the Link - The source of the distortions can be traced to the transistor. We discovered this because the distortion was only in the duty cycle of the waveform. This leads us to believe that the transistor struggles to dissipate the charge completely before the next data input as the frequency of the signal increases. Theres also a bit of distortion on the output from the transmitter which I believe is most likely due to the two NAND gates. Conclusions This lab explored the uses of fiber optics in transmitting information across space, and the controlling of these systems with LabView. The data showed that the systems are limited by the software timing of LabView, and by the ability of the transistor to dissipate charge as input signal frequency increases. The fastest we could get our circuit to transmit was 6 ms. I believe a component of this geared toward understanding the scale of how actual transmission systems work would be a great improvement to this lab.

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