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345-101-MQ Knowledge Self-Knowledge through Yoga Essay Questions for Test Date: Tues. Feb.

28 Value: worth 15 % Alloted time: full class period Objective: The goal of this test is to evaluate your understanding and application of key philosophical concepts in yoga philosophy and practice to date. It is based on course readings, lectures, handouts, and/or audio-visual material presented either during class or viewed outside of class time. Format: Before the test date, you will be given three essay questions. On the day of the test, you will be given two of the essay questions (chosen by the instructor). You will then choose one of the two essay questions to answer on the test. Essay length: 750-900 words, double-spaced, and written in pen, preferably Permitted material: This test is not an open book assessment. Nor will be permitted to use a smart phone, laptop, or any course material during the test. However, you will be permitted to use a memory aid, i.e. an 8.5" by 11" double-sided sheet of handwritten notes, during the test. The memory aid cannot be typed, pasted together from old notes, or photocopied from notes, class readings, other students notes, etc). You will be asked to hand in your memory aid when submitting your completed test. 1. Write an essay providing a comprehensive definition of the history and concept of yoga. Before beginning your essay, provide a clear, structured outline of your essay response. You will be expected to draw upon all of the relevant assigned readings for the test in your response. Summarize your response with a brief conclusion. You will be evaluated on the clarity and structure of your outline, the content and organization of your essay, and the skillful use and understanding of all relevant key terms from the course textbook, package, and related verses in the Patanjalis Yoga Sutras (Desikachar 145-215). Compare and constrast Desikachars translations (Desikachar 97-105;174183; verses 2:29 2:45/ 174 - 180) of Patanjalis verses on the yamas and niyamas with those Jois (course pack 169-173), B. K. S. Iyengar (120-130), Geeta Iyengar (133-136). First, provide an outline of your essay. Then, provide a list with each of the yamas and niyamas, and their corresponding definitions according to each commentator. In your essay, define each of the yamas and niyamas, providing a clear, descriptive example for each one. Then, discuss the similarities and differences in meaning amongst these commentaries and translations. Summarize your response with a brief conclusion. You will be evaluated on the clarity and structure of your outline, the content and organization of your essay, and the skillful use and understanding of all relevant key terms. Discuss the meaning and significance of tapas in yoga philosophy and practice. Before beginning your essay, provide a clearly structured outline of your essay response. Summarize your response with a brief conclusion. You will be evaluated on the clarity and structure of your outline, the content and organization of your essay, and the skillful use and understanding of all

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relevant key terms from the course textbook, package, and related verses in the Patanjalis Yoga Sutras (Desikachar 145-215).

Evaluation Criteria: The evaluation of the essay will be based around the questions listed below. 1. Before beginning the essay, did you provide a clear and well-structured outline that included an overview of the essay as well as an overall argument and summary of the essay? 2. Did you either quote, paraphrase, discuss, or provide relevant and clear examples from each of the readings in an attempt to answer what it means to answer the essay question? 3. Did you clearly indicate which texts, authors, and page numbers you made reference to? 4. In addition to quoting, paraphrasing, discussing, or providing examples from the most relevant readings to provide a response to the essay question, did you also provide ample commentary and/or analysis of the meaning of the excerpts you selected for your response? 5. 6. Did you provide a well-balanced scholarly response, taking care to avoiding simple, reductive or subjective responses? Were you able to clearly articulate your analysis, using correct grammar (e.g. correct verb number and tense, using effective transition words or phrases), spelling, and word syntax?

Required resources for the essay questions Readings and important terms for review in the Heart of Yoga Yoga: Concept and Meaning. 5-7. systematize(d) (5), unattainable (5), aphorism, darshana (5), yoga (5-7), Yoga Stra (7; 145-146) The Foundations of Yoga Practice. 9-14. yoga (9), avidya (10-11), vidya (10-11), samskara (10), ahamkara (10, 13), rga (10), dvesha (11), abhinivesha (11), parinamavada (12), tapas (13), svadhyaya (13), ishvarapranidhana (13) kriya yoga (14)

The Things that Darken the Heart. 79-85. yoga (79, 80), avidya (79), pariniamavada (80), purusa (80), avidya (80, 81), asmita (80, 81), raga (80, 81), dvesha (80), kriya yoga (80-1), tapas (80, 81), svadhyaya (80), isvarapranidhana (80) Living in the World. 97-105. yama, niyama, ahimsa, satya, asteya, brahmacharya, aparigraha, niyamas, sauca, santosa, tapas, svadhyaya, isvarapranidhana Readings and important terms for review in the course pack Chapple, Christopher. The Yoga Tradition. Yoga and the Luminous: Patajalis Spiritual Path to Freedom. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2008. Print. 1-5. course pack 1-4 sadhana (1), Hinduization (1), Indus Valley civilization, duhkham (2), the three styles of yoga (2), Yoga Sutras if Patanjali (2), atman (2), yoga (3), the concept of breathing (3), klesha (4), avidya (4), asmita, raga, dvesa, abhinivesha, yama, niyama (3) Vishnudevananda. Differences between Yogic Exercises and Physical Culture. The Complete Illustrated Book of Yoga: Swami Vishnudevananda. New York: Julian Press, 1964. Print. 46-59. course pack 77-83

- understand the difference between yoga therapy and physical culture Feuerstein, Georg. Tapas, or Voluntary Self-Change. The Deeper Dimension of Yoga: Theory and Practice. Boston: Shambhala, 2003. Print. 143-145. course pack 99-102 tapas, rishi, Patanjali, yoga, Rig (or Rg) Veda, keshin, Vedas, yogin, svadhyaya, Bhagavad Gita (17.14-16), sattva, rajas, tamas, siddhi, shaucha (or sauca), kriyayoga, divya-deha, Yoga Bja, Gheranda-Samhit, shat karmas (dhauti, vasti, neti, naul, trtaka, kapla-bhti), upavsa, hra, Chandogya Upanishad, mita-hra Feuerstein, Georg. Silence is Golden: The Practice of Mauna. Deeper Dimension of Yoga: Theory and Practice. Boston: Shambhala, 2003. Print. 166-169. course pack 103-104 -have a general understanding of the article; mauna, muni, the concept of silence in yoga Iyengar, B. K. S. Living in Freedom. Light on Life: The Yoga Journey to Wholeness, Inner

Peace, and Ultimate Freedom. Emmaus, PA: Rodale, 2005. Print. 232-266. course pack 120-130 English vocabulary: obviate (121) Sanskrit: sattvic, tamasic, and rajasic; gunatitan, dharmi, the description of the yogi, yoga, the concept of ethics, citta, ahimsa, satya, the analogy of Gandhi, non-stealing or asteya, non-covetousness or aparigraha, sexual self-control or brahmacharya, klesha, abhnivesa, niyama, sauca, santosa, tapas, svadhyaya, isvarapranidhana, guru Iyengar, Geeta. The Path of Yoga. Yoga: A Gem for Women. Spokane WA: Timeless Books, 2005. Print. 15-31. course pack 131 English vocabulary: austerity (24), penance (24); Sanskrit terms: the metaphor of the chariot (19), yama (19), ahimsa (20), satya (20), asteya (21), aparigraha (22), niyama (23), sauca (23), santosa(23), isvarapranidhana (24), asana (25-26), pranayama (27), prana (28), recaka(28), puraka(28), kumbhaka(28) Jois, K. Yama and Niyama. Yoga Mala. 1st ed. New York: North Point Press, 2002. Print. 16-21, 24-29, 36-37. course pack 168 yama (18), ahimsa(18), satya(18), asteya (18-19), brahmacharya (19-22), aparigraha (24), sattvic (24, 36), nirmala (24), niyama (25), shaucha (25), bahir shaucha (25), antah shaucha (25), santosha (26), tapas (26), swadhyaya or svadhyaya (27), ishwarapranidhana (27), asana (29)

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