GD & T Parameters Conventional Measuring methods

and Computerised Measurements

Flatness
 Three point Leveler  Dial Test Indicator
Zero off the surface directly above the jacks to create a plane on the surface requiring flatness. Once that has occurred, then sweep the surface with the dial indicator

Flatness
 Coordinate Measuring Machine  With CMM, take many points on the surface and the CMM will give one the best fit and then the flatness value.

Parallelism
 Method 1  The quick way is to place the part on a surface plate, and place an indicator on the top surface. Move the part under the indicator and note the indicator value

Parallelism
 1) Coordinate Measuring Machine  Number of Perpendicular distances between surfaces are calculated and Max-Min is Maxreported as Parallelism.  It is also a contact measurement  2) Laser interferometer is more accurate, more expensive and non contact measurement.

Straightness
 Flatness of line is called Straightness

Straightness
 1) Coordinate Measuring Machine  Line of best fit is calculated and distance of a maximum deviation point is reported.  2) Using Laser

Angularity
Using Sine bar The angle of a wedge The wedge is placed on a horizontal table. The sine bar is placed over the inclined surface of the wedge.  At this position, the top surface of the sine bar is inclined the same amount as the wedge.  Using gauge blocks, the top surface is made horizontal. The sine of the angle of inclination of the wedge is the ratio of the height of the gauge blocks used and the distance between the centers of the cylinders    

Cylindricity
 Difference in diameters  Applicable to inside and outside dia  Universal length measuring machine

Cylindricity
 CMM  Ruby star probes are used to check ID  D3 L50 probes used for OD