Physics 212

Lecture 22

Physics 212 Lecture 21, Slide 1

Music
Who is the Artist? A) B) C) D) E) Billy Joel Boz Scaggs Mark Knopfler Donald Fagen Michael McDonald Video 2004 Great band.. Good blues 1994 Theme of the week? Bay Area Memories.. Slims?

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Your Comments
What just happened? I really need a simplified recap of what just happened in the prelecture. The majority of that was way over my head. It'd be nice to get a "Maxwell's Equations for Dummies" shpeel in lecture. This stuff is cool. I'll understand it better after the lecture. ok. i gotta say Physics is awesome. the first time I say this word to a class ever since my college life Checkpoint 1 was confusing. how to read the graph (chkpt 2) well, this is certainly more difficult than anything i've seen thus far. will we have to be able to do those derivations in the prelecture? ALL TRUE We will try to make clear, at least the BIG IDEAS

Well try to make sure everyone understands the checkpoints You will not have to derive or solve any other differential eqns.

Not another "By the way pretty much everything you have been doing up to this point has been WRONG" lecture. I hate those. It is Newtons Laws all over again. Einstein is always causing trouble
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Physics 212 Lecture 21, Slide 3

Math 241
Why we be stretching imaginary films? Why isn't it just what's in the loop.

Preview: Stokes Theorem probably >Thanksgiving in 241

d of A B d = xB dA = 0I + 0 0 dt E dA perimeter A A
I want us to consider more than one possible bounding surface that captures displacement current. It seems like some such surfaces could be punctured by more field lines than others, which I didn't think was what the prelecture said.

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Physics 212 Lecture 21, Slide 4

What We Knew Before Prelecture 22

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Physics 212 Lecture 21, Slide 5

After Prelecture 22: Modify Amperes Law

Q E= = 0 0 A
Q

= EA =

Q = 0

dQ d = 0 ID dt dt

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Physics 212 Lecture 21, Slide 6

Displacement Current: Generalization

Real Current: Displacement Current: Charge Q passes through area A in time t:
I= dQ dt dE dt

Electric flux through area A changes in time

ID = 0

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Free space Physics 212 Lecture 21, Slide 7

Calculation
Switch S has been open a long time when at t = 0, it is closed. Capacitor C has circular plates of radius R. At time t = t1, a current I1 flows in the circuit and the capacitor carries charge Q1. At time t1, what is the magnetic field B1 at a radius r (point d) in between the plates of the capacitor?
d I1 Q1 r R

S V Ra C

Conceptual and Strategic Analysis Charge Q1 creates electric field between the plates of C Charge Q1 changing in time gives rise to a changing electric flux between the plates Changing electric flux gives rise to a displacement current ID in between the plates Apply (modified) Amperes law using ID (what does Amperian loop look like) to determine B
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Physics 212 Lecture 21, Slide 8

Calculation
Switch S has been open a long time when at t = 0, it is closed. Capacitor C has circular plates of radius R. At time t = t1, a current I1 flows in the circuit and the capacitor carries charge Q1.
c

S V Ra C

r I1 Q1

r R

Compare the magnitudes of the B fields at points c and d.

(A) Bc < Bd

(B) Bc = Bd
What is the difference? Apply (modified) Amperes Law

(C) Bc > Bd

point c: I(enclosed) = I1
11

r X

point d: ID(enclosed) < I1

Physics 212 Lecture 21, Slide 9

Calculation
Switch S has been open a long time when at t = 0, it is closed. Capacitor C has circular plates of radius R. At time t = t1, a current I1 flows in the circuit and the capacitor carries charge Q1. S V Ra C

d I1 Q1 E

r R E= 0

What is the magnitude of the electric field between the plates?

Q1 (A) E = R 2 0

(B) E =

Q1 R 2

0
E=

(C) E =

Q1

(D) E =

Q1 r

Q1

Q1 Q = 12 A R

E=

Q1 0 R 2

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Physics 212 Lecture 21, Slide 10

Calculation
Switch S has been open a long time when at t = 0, it is closed. Capacitor C has circular plates of radius R. At time t = t1, a current I1 flows in the circuit and the capacitor carries charge Q1. S V Ra C

d I1 Q1 E

E=
r R

Q1 R 2 0

What is the electric flux through a circle of radius r in between the plates? (What does the Amperian loop look like?)

(A) E =

Q1

(B) E =

Q1

Q1r 2 (C) E = 0R2

Q1 r 2 (D) E = 0 R2

E = E A

Q1 E = r2 0 R 2

Q1 r 2 E = 0 R2
Physics 212 Lecture 21, Slide 11

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Calculation
Switch S has been open a long time when at t = 0, it is closed. Capacitor C has circular plates of radius R. At time t = t1, a current I1 flows in the circuit and the capacitor carries charge Q1. S V Ra C

d I1 Q1 E

r R

Q1r 2 E = 0R2

ID = 0

dE dt R r

What is the displacement current enclosed by circle of radius r ?

R2 (A) I D = I1 2 r

(B) I D = I1 r R

r2 (C) I D = I1 2 R

(D) I D = I1

d E dQ1 r 2 r2 ID = 0 = = I1 2 2 dt R dt R
r2 I D = I1 2 R
Physics 212 Lecture 21, Slide 12

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Calculation
Switch S has been open a long time when at t = 0, it is closed. Capacitor C has circular plates of radius R. At time t = t1, a current I1 flows in the circuit and the capacitor carries charge Q1. S V Ra C

d I1 Q1 E

r R

r2 I D = I1 2 R

B d = o (I + I D )
0 I1 r 2 R 2

What is the magnitude of the B field at radius r ?

(A) B =

0 I1 2 R

(B) B =

0 I1 2 r

(C) B = 0 I1 R 2 r 2

(D) B =

Amperes Law: B d = o (I + I D )
r R

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r2 B 2 r = 0 0 + I1 2 R 0 I1 r B= Physics 212 2 R 2

Lecture 21, Slide 13

Checkpoint 1b
At time t=0 the switch in the circuit shown below is closed. Points A and B lie inside the capacitor; A is at the center and B is toward the outer edge.

Compare the magnitudes of the magnetic fields at points A and B just after the switch is closed A. BA < BB B. BA = BB C. BA > BB

I feel like more of the increasing flux should be captured by the amperian loop pertaining to b Both inside the capacitor which charges equally at all points The magnetic field is inversely dependent to radius.
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Physics 212 Lecture 21, Slide 14

Checkpoint 1b
At time t=0 the switch in the circuit shown below is closed. Points A and B lie inside the capacitor; A is at the center and B is toward the outer edge.

Compare the magnitudes of the magnetic fields at points A and B just after the switch is closed A. BA < BB B. BA = BB C. BA > BB

From the calculation we just did:

0 I1 r B= 2 R 2
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Physics 212 Lecture 21, Slide 15

Checkpoint 1a
At time t=0 the switch in the circuit shown below is closed. Points A and B lie inside the capacitor; A is at the center and B is toward the outer edge.

After the switch is closed, there will be a magnetic field at point A which is proportional to the current in the circuit: A. True B. False the current is related to the E which is related to the B There is an E field proportional to the current, not a B field. B is proportional to I, but at A B=0.
Physics 212 Lecture 21, Slide 16

Checkpoint 1a
At time t=0 the switch in the circuit shown below is closed. Points A and B lie inside the capacitor; A is at the center and B is toward the outer edge.

After the switch is closed, there will be a magnetic field at point A which is proportional to the current in the circuit: A. True B. False

B=

0 I1 r 2 R 2

B is proportional to I but At A, B = 0 !!
Physics 212 Lecture 21, Slide 17

Follow-Up
Switch S has been open a long time when at t = 0, it is closed. Capacitor C has circular plates of radius R. At time t = t1, a current I1 flows in the circuit and the capacitor carries charge Q1. What is the time dependence of the magnetic field B at a radius r between the plates of the capacitor? S V Ra C

B1 =

0 I1 r 2 R 2

(A)

(B)

(C)

B at fixed r is proportional to the current I Close switch: VC =0 I = V/Ra (maximum) I exponentially decays with time constant = RaC
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Physics 212 Lecture 21, Slide 18

Follow-Up 2
Suppose you were able to charge a capacitor with constant current (does not change in time). Does a B field exist in between the plates of the capacitor?

(A) YES

(B)

NO

Constant current Q increases linearly with time Therefore E increases linearly with time ( E = Q/(A0) dE/dt is not zero Displacement current is not zero B is not zero !
Physics 212 Lecture 21, Slide 19

We learned about waves in Physics 211

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Physics 212 Lecture 21, Slide 20

How can light move at the same velocity in any inertial frame of reference? That's really trippy. see PHYS 225
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Physics 212 Lecture 21, Slide 21

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Physics 212 Lecture 21, Slide 22

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Physics 212 Lecture 21, Slide 23

Checkpoint 2a
An electromagnetic plane-wave is traveling in the +z direction. The illustration below shows this wave at some instant in time. Points A, B and C have the same z coordinate.

Ex = E0sin(kz-t)

Compare the magnitudes of the electric fields at points A and B A. EA < EB B. EA = EB C. EA > EB This is because since the two waves are in phase with each other the answers to both of them iwll make A less than both B and C. the magnitude of the electric field is dependent on the variables of time and z position not on x or y position The electric field only depends on the z and x component, so the E field is the same for the same y components, but different when the x component changes.
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Physics 212 Lecture 21, Slide 24

Checkpoint 2a
An electromagnetic plane-wave is traveling in the +z direction. The illustration below shows this wave at some instant in time. Points A, B and C have the same z coordinate.

Ex = E0sin(kz-t)

Compare the magnitudes of the electric fields at points A and B A. EA < EB B. EA = EB C. EA > EB

E = E0 sin (kz - t): E depends only on z coordinate for constant t. z coordinate is same for A, B, C.
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Physics 212 Lecture 21, Slide 25

Checkpoint 2b
An electromagnetic plane-wave is traveling in the +z direction. The illustration below shows this wave at some instant in time. Points A, B and C have the same z coordinate.

Ex = E0sin(kz-t)

Compare the magnitudes of the electric fields at points A and C A. EA < EC B. EA = EC C. EA > EC If the blue wave is representing the E-field, both points A and B will have a zero E-field, while point C will have a greater one. The magnitude of E only depends on z, not x or y. Since all 3 points have the same zvalue, they all have the same magnitude of electric field. At points A and B, the E field has the same magnitude. However, at A and C, they are different since at C the E-field has zero magnitude.
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Physics 212 Lecture 21, Slide 26

Checkpoint 2b
An electromagnetic plane-wave is traveling in the +z direction. The illustration below shows this wave at some instant in time. Points A, B and C have the same z coordinate.

Ex = E0sin(kz-t)

Compare the magnitudes of the electric fields at points A and C A. EA < EC B. EA = EC C. EA > EC

E = E0 sin (kz - t): E depends only on z coordinate for constant t. z coordinate is same for A, B, C.
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Physics 212 Lecture 21, Slide 27

Follow-up
Ex = E0sin(kz-t)

Consider a point (x,y,z) at time t when Ex is negative and has its maximum value. At (x,y,z) at time t, what is By? A) B) C) D) By is positive and has its maximum value By is negative and has its maximum value By is zero We do not have enough information

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Physics 212 Lecture 21, Slide 28