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All plant consist tissue + embryo (not seen in algae) Flowering plant tissue divided to 1. Meristem )

1.1. Primary growth

1.1.1. Apical meristem

1.1.2. Intercalary meristem ( 1.2. Secondary growth

)+ ) ) consist apical meristem + cambium )

1.2.1. Lateral meristem (cambium) Cork cambium ( Vascular cambium ( ** ** ( + gymnosperm (

apical meristem + intercalary meristem gland ( , cambium

2. Permanent tissue

meristem

2.1. Epidermis (trichome) 2.2. Parenchyma )

epidermal cell, guard cell, root hair cell

, vacuole

**Parenchyma + chloroplast Chlorenchyma 2.3. Collenchyma same parenchyma but thick cell wall than ( ** ) ) ( ; 2 )

2.4. Sclerenchyma

2.4.1. Fiber ( +

2.4.2. Sclereid ( + 2.5. Xylem +

Stone cell

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2.5.1. Tracheid ( )

(2 (sucrose)

)+ Vessel( )

2.5.2. Parenchyma 2.5.3. Fiber 2.6. Phloem

2.6.1. Sieve tube member ( 2.6.2. Companion cell (

companion cell,

(sieve plate) sieve tube

sieve call vessel companion cell

**Xylem+Phloen Vascular tissue (Not seen in moss, liverwert, hornwert) ** Fern and gymnosperm Cell wall of plants 1. Primary cell wall middle lamella ( golgi) cellulose, hemicelluloses, pectin 2. Secondary cell wall cytosol safranin) **Primary cell wall and middle lamella **Secondary cell wall Seen in fiber, sclereid, tracheid, vessel Strong cellulose, hemicelluloses lignin ( Tracheid

Structure of root and stem

Consist 2 parts 1. Cortex ( ) root( ), stem( ) ) 2. Stele ( ) root( ), stem(

Root
Primary growth meristem 1. Root cap protect apical root meristem 2. Region of cell division at apical root meristem 3. Region of cell elongation elongate of root 4. Region of cell differentiation and maturation seen root hair cell, consist 3 parts a. Epidermis: root hair b. Cortex: parenchyma

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i. Endodermis: parenchyma Casparian strip (

suberin, lignin

xylem stele passage cell) Pericycle

endodermis c. Stele: endodermis meristem i. ii. Pith : Pericycle

vascular bundle

) phloem

: Pericycle vascular bundle

** stele ** ** Vascular cambium +

xylem

5 parenchyma

Secondary growth meristem secondary phloem and secondary xylem vascular bundle cork primary phloem and xylem cork cambium

Root system +gymnosperm: : (tab root, primary root) (lateral root) pericycle (radicle)+

radicle Rhizoid ( )

pericycle - Moss, - : : Nostoc or anabaena auxin

mycorrhiza )

- Adventitious root (

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: ( ; ;

) (

; ;

) (

) ( ; ) (

Stem

Consist Node + internode + bud ( Primary growth ( - - Stem a) Epidermis: b) Cortex: meristem parenchyma ( ) )

: apical meristem, leaf primordial, young leaf, leaf, young stem

c) Stele: cortex ( vascular bundle

parenchyma

pith)

vascular

** : vascular bundle (xylem , phloem cambium) ** ** Secondary growth ( parenchyma : vascular bundle pith ) pith ray

vascular cambium

pith cavity

- Vascular cambium: pith ray (parenchyma secondary xylem and phloem - Cork cambium: ( permanent tissue ) phelloderm ( **Cork+Pork cambium+Phelloderm Periderm ( ) cork )

meristem )

cork

primary phloem

epidermis

**Lenticel

- vascular cambium bark ( cortex

secondary phloem, periderm

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vascular cambium wood (

xylem

fiber

* lignin suberin tannin tracheid vessel

* * **

sap wood (

1 (

vascular cambium xylem ) xylem

(annual ring) {vascular cambium, cork cambium, secondary growth, secondary xylem

and phloem, wood, bark, annual ring} Function of stem - Main: * - Tendril grape - Photosynthesis : ..

. ..

Leaf
Consist blade + petiole + stipule + vein + midrib ( cutin , wax ) Vascular bundle supply vein and midrib Venetion : Parallel : Reticulate

Simple leaf: One petiole one leaflet Compound leaf: One petiole many leaflet Structure of leaf - Epidermis: consist upper and lower epidermal cell, trichome, guard cell o Not seen chloroplast Except Guard cell, it have chloplast

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o Guard cell 

stoma

o Stoma adaptation of stoma sunken stomata raised stomata raised,  - Mesophyll o Palisade: Upper ( ) chloroplast

** sunken,

between both epidermal, almost cells are chlorenchyma ) chloroplast

o Spongy: Lower ( - Vascular bundle ** C4

vein + midrib

bundle sheath cell chloroplast

bundle sheath cell

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