Layer

Medium Bits Frames Packets Segments Data Data Data

Layer Name Physical Layer Data link Layer Network Layer Transport Layer Session Layer Presentation Layer Application Layer

Function Electrical /physical specifications for devices. Ways of transferring data between networks, detect& correct errors in the physical layer. Transferring data sequences from source host to a destination host on a different networks Controls the reliability of a given link, aacknowledge successful/failed transmissions Establish, Manage & Terminate connections between local and remote applications. Transforms data into the form that the application accepts. This layer interacts with software applications that involve communications.

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Layer 7

Simplex Half Duplex Full Duplex

1-way eg. Keyboard to PC 1 way at a time eg. Printer Interfaces most network 2-way connections

Advantage: Cheaper

Details Relationship between devices & transmission medium, such as a copper or optical cable such as layout of pins, voltages, cable specifications, hubs, repeaters, network adapters, host bus adapters etc LAN, WAN, etc. Arrange bits, from the physical layer, into logical sequences called frames.

Includes Routers etc. Needs to maintain the QOS requested by the Transport Layer, Performs Routing functions,. Flow control & error control. Keep track of data segments & retransmit failed segments. On a loose scale, TCP is categorized as layer-4 of Osi Responsible for graceful close of sessions and also for session checkpointing and recovery Formats and encrypts data to be sent across a network. It is sometimes called the syntax layer Identifying communication partners, determining resource availability, and synchronizing communication