PARALANGUAGE

Prepared by:- Shoaib Islam

COMMUNICATION PROCESS
Language
Communication process

Speech
paralanguage

Writing Kinesics Proximics

NVC

Clothing, make-up etc.. Paralanguage, Tone & characters of voice

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PARALANGUAGE
paralanguage

Assume they are communicating..???

DEFINITION
It is the systematic study/concept of how a speaker verbalizes. Para means like therefore paralanguage means like language. Closest to actual verbal communication & almost accompanying body language
paralanguage

ATTRIBUTES OF PARALANGUAGE
Paralanguage is part of the nonverbal communication and convey emotions and attitudes. Paralanguage may be expressed consciously or unconsciously. Paralanguage" includes vocalizations such as hissing, shushing, and whistling, as well as speech modifications such as quality of voice or hesitations and speed in talking. Some examples of paralanguage is laughing, crying, whispering, snoring, sucking, sneezing, sighing, etc. Tone of voice plays a fundamental role in telephone operator-customer interaction, and generally in telephone interactions

paralanguage

FORMS OF PARALANGUAGE
Meta communication 2. Voice Elements of voice1.
a) b) c) d) e)

paralanguage

Pitch variation Speaking speed Pause Non fluencies Volume Variation

3.

Word stress

1- META-COMMUNICATION
Meta communication is an implied meaning conveyed by the choice of words, tone of voice & fumbling In other words it is the message communicated not through words but along with words Meta communication is communication of communication
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FUNCTIONS OF META COMMUNICATION

1)

2)

3)

4)

Non verbal messages used to accent or emphasize some part of verbal message To complement to nuances of meaning not communicated by your verbal message. Use to regulate or control the flow of verbal messages . To substitute for or to take the place of verbal messages .
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2- VOICE
The first signal we receive in our communication is called voice. It tells us about speakers' sex background, education, training & temperament.
Kinds of voice Musical Raucous Pleasant/ unpleasant Clear
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A labeled anatomical diagram of the vocal folds or cords10 .

paralanguage

(A)PITCH VARIATION
PITCH- How high or low a sound is. Most of us introduce wide variation in pitch while speaking. It is necessary to catch the listener attention & keep them interested in. Those who speak in monotone fail to keep listeners' attention & keep them interested in . That is why the word monotonous has come to be used as a synonyms for boring. Many speakers are not aware of this weakness while speaking.

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paralanguage

In music notation, the different heights of notes indicate different pitches.

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(b) Speaking speed

We do, however, speak at a different speeds on different occasions & while conveying different parts of messages . As a general rule we should present the easy part of a message at a brisk-pace because it is likely to be understood easily & soon. difficult complicated highly technical part of information should be conveyed at a slower pace .
paralanguage

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(C) PAUSE
We can t and should not go on speaking without pausing .. pauses have to be at the right moments. Incorrect use of pauses can create problems. A pause can be highly effective in emphasizing subject and in gaining the listeners attention. But it must also be noted that frequent arbitrary pause spoil the speech and distract the listener s attention.
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(D) NON FLUENCY

Speech is not always a continuous string of meaningful words. pauses are very often inserted with sounds/utterances like ah oh un you know ok etc. they are also sometimes inserted with laughing, yawning or chuckling. It is rather interesting to see that carefully and sparingly used add to the fluency of the speaker & give him time to breathe.

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paralanguage

(E)VOLUME VARIATION
VOLUME- The amount of sound produced we must speak loudly enough for all our audience to hear but not too loudly. The loudness of our voice should be adjusted according to the size of our audience. The simple logic is that the larger the audience the louder the voice will be. But some speakers incorrectly believe that the only way to sound convincing is to louder and louder. As somebody has very well said, the contrast provides the emphasis volume variation puts life into our speaking.

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MESSAGES IN THE VOICE

The voice is also used to infer emotional states.
paralanguage

Feeling Anger

Loudness Loud

Pitch High

Timbre Blaring

Rate Fast

Enunciation clipped

Joy

Loud

High

Moderately Blaring Resonant

Fast

Somewhat Clipped Slurred

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Sadness

Soft

Low

Slow

3- PROPER WORD STRESS

Every user of English knows that word stress is of crucial importance in communication or transmission of the intended meaning. By putting stress or emphasis on a word here or a word there in the same sentences or utterance we can change the whole meaning. For example: He writes good business letters. He writes good business letters. He writes good business letters. He writes good business letters. 18 He writes good business letters. Contd

paralanguage

PHRASES HAVE DIFFERENT MESSAGES

DEPENDING ON WHAT PARTS WE EMPHASIZE.
For instance, take the sentence, She's giving this money to me. SHE is the one giving the money, nobody else. She is GIVING, not lending. MONEY is being exchanged, not anything else. I am getting the money, nobody else.
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