Sac Fungi

Ascomycota

 Largest phylum of kingdom Fungi > 30,000 species of ascomycetes Nuclei in the hyphae are separated by cross walls so that individual cells will not exist within the openings There are tiny openings in the cross walls where nuclei and cytoplasm can move Some are large enough to be seen growing, some are microscopic

Characteristics

 Largest phylum of kingdom Fungi > 30,000 species of ascomycetes Nuclei in the hyphae are separated by cross walls so that individual cells will not exist within the openings There are tiny openings in the cross walls where nuclei and cytoplasm can move Some are large enough to be seen growing, some are microscopic

Characteristics

 Reproduce asexually or sexually Produce septate hyphae

Characteristics

 contain a sac called ascus (pl. asci) which contains 4 or a multiple of 4 spores called ascospores

Characteristics

Characteristics

Asexual Reproduction Asycomycota reproduces asexually through budding or asexual spore formation Asexual spore formation - takes place at the end of conindospores. After a lot of mitotic reproduction, haploid spores (conidia) are formed. The spores are released and grow into mycelia.

Life Cycle

Sexual Reproduction Ascomycota have male and female gametangia in their haploid stage which is part of the mycelia. The ascogonium(female) and the antheridium(male) will connect without the fusion of each nuclei. This is called plasmogamy The two nuclei will then fuse in a process called karyogamy. Meanwhile, the cell membrane will form into an ascus. The diploid ascus will undergo meiosis, producing 4 nuclei. The 4 nuclei will undergo mitosis, forming 8 haploid ascospores. The ascospores are released and grow into mycelia

Life Cycle

Archiaschomycetes Fission yeasts found in sugar-rich environments Important model organisms in the study of the cell cycle
Schizosaccharomyces (oval shaped), an example of an archiascomycete

Taphrina Deformans Causes peach and apricot leaves to curl

Significance and Examples

Ascomycetous yeasts Saccharomyces and Picchia spp. are common on fruit surfaces S. Cerevisiae is used in bread making and alcoholic drinks S. carlsbergensis or S. pastorianus is used as beer yeast Schizosaccharomyces and Saccharomyces are now used to produce foreign proteins, degrade cellulose and other structural polymers Chaetomium in soil and composts Xylaria and Hypoxylon degrade wood

Significance and Examples

Truffles (Tuber)
-

Genus name

the truffles is an edible fungus which enhances the taste of the food we eat. The ascoma is the fruiting body that is eaten.

yeasts

group name

true yeasts are unicellular

Saccharomyces
Also used in alcoholic fermentation

Claviceps purpurea
causes the rye disease called ergot

Significance and Examples

Main reference: Miller, K. R. and Levine, J. (2000) Biology. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: PrenticeHall, Inc. Huss, M. (2007) Phyla Ascomycota & Deuteromycota. http://www.clt.astate.edu/mhuss/Phylum_Ascomycota.htm Deacon, J. W. (1997) Modern Mycology. London, United Kingdom: Blackwell Science Ltd. Fungi. Retrieved from http://www.sparknotes.com/biology/microorganisms/fungi/section2.html Miller, M. Aspergillus fumigates: Creating New Life in a Cycle. Retrieved from http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio203/s2008/miller_melo/Reproduction.htm

Sources

1st slide: http://biodidac.bio.uottawa.ca/ftp/BIODIDAC/FUNGII/ASCOMYCO/PHOTO/ ASCO001P.GIF 2nd slide: http://thefoodieshandbook.co.uk/images/Morel.jpg http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2607/3946649179_2e8d1bcc00.jpg 3rd slide: http://comenius.susqu.edu/bi/202/Fungi/ASCOMYCOTA/Ascomycota/sacch aromyces-bath.gif http://steveaxford.smugmug.com/Living-Things/Fungi-therecyclers/Ascomycota-and-lichen/CRW1926/179789416_YYMPT-L.jpg 4th slide: http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/botany_130/Diversity/fungi/images/Ascomycota/ septated_hyphae.jpg http://www.fungionline.org.uk/images/3hyphae/hypha.gif

Image Sources

5th slide: http://www.plantpath.cornell.edu/glossary/images/ascus.gif http://www.under-microscope.com/images/ASCUS-image2.jpg http://etc.usf.edu/clipart/73800/73823/73823_ascus_lg.gif 6th slide: http://www.daviddarling.info/images/cup-fungi.jpg 9th slide: http://www.bio.miami.edu/dana/pix/ascomycota.jpg 10th slide: Schizosaccharomyces http://www.psmicrographs.co.uk/_assets/uploads/acetobacter-andschizosaccharomyces-80012499-l.jpg Taphrina Deformans - http://www.greenmantlenursery.com/images/200504/peachcurl.jpg 12th slide: truffles http://morningmunchies.blogspot.com Saccharomyces http://comenius.susqu.edu claviceps purpurea http://dipbot.unict.it

Image Sources

Quiz ! ! !

1. What do you call the thing in the hyphae that separates the nuclei each other? a. b. c. d. e. Cell walls Cross walls Perpendicular walls Hyphae dividers Nuclei separator

2. What do you call the sac that contains the spores? a. b. c. d. e. Ascus Biscus Asac Spore sac Sporangium

3. The <answer to number 2> contains what? a. b. c. d. e. Biscospores Ascomycotic spores Spores in a sac Ascospores Spores. Duhhh.

4. How many <answer to number three> is contained in the <answer to number two>?
Hint: theres a hint somewhere here. . .

a. b. c. d. e.

Two or multiples of two Three or multiples of three Four or multiples of four Five or multiples of five No one knows, theyre too tiny.

5. What do you call the haploid spores? a. b. c. d. e. Conidia Ascomidia Conie Haploidie Ascodia

5. When the spores are released, they grow into. . . a. b. c. d. e. Ascocelium Mycelium Mybelium Fungi, what else?? Giant spores

6. The process wherein the ascogonium and the antheridium connect without the fusion of their nuclei is called. . . a. b. c. d. e. Karyogamy Nucleic something Ascogamy Plasmofusion Plasmogamy

7. When the nuclei fuse together, the process is called. . .

a. b. c. d. e. Karyogamy Nucleic something Ascogamy Plasmofusion Plasmogamy

8. Taphrina Deformans is a type of ascomycotic fungi. It causes ______ leaves to curl. a. Lychee b. Apricot c. Peach d. Both a and b. e. Both c and b.

9. Any type of ascomycotic yeast isnt used in which?

a. b. c. d. e. Beer Bread Wood degrading Artificial hair extensions Compost

10. What do you call the fruiting body that can be eaten from truffles? a. b. c. d. e. Ascoma Ascoba Truffle seed Truffle fruit Ascomic truffle

Wag munang magwala, may bonus pa. Yaay!

1. (for 1 pt.) What type of fungi (phylum) were we talking about again? 2. (for 1 pt.) What is the type (common name) of ascomycotic fungi that we add in bread or alcoholic beverages? 3. (for 1 pt.) Describe the shape of this type of fungi. 4. (for 2 pts.) Give one of the scientific names for beer yeast, or the scientific name for bread yeast.

Thank you! :)

Hannah Arjonillo Himig Adviento Celyn Quinto Aina Durana Sheen Villaverde