Math107 Calculus II

Fall 2007 University of Nebraska-Lincoln

Some Tricks for Integration

Trick Examples 1 1 + 2ex + e2x dx = x + 2ex + e2x + C 2

Expand

(1 + ex ) dx =

1+x dx = x2 + 1 Split Fractions =

x 1 + x2 + 1 x2 + 1 x2

dx

2 1 1 1 dx + du substitute: u = x + 1 +1 2 u du = 2xdx 1 1 = tan1 x + ln |u| + C = tan1 x + ln x2 + 1 + C 2 2

2x dx = x2 + 2x + 1 = Add and Subtract an Expression

2x + 2 2 x2 + 2x + 1 2x + 2 dx 2 2 + 2x + 1 x 1 du 2 u 1 dv v2

add and subtract 2

1 dx (x + 1)2

split the fraction u = x2 + 2x + 1 du = (2x + 2)dx substitute: and v =x+1 dv = dx

= ln |u| +

2 2 + C = ln x2 + 2x + 1 + +C v x+1 1 1 (x2 1 2x + 1)
add and subtract 1 to complete the square

Example 1:

1 dx = 2x x2 =

dx

dx 1 (x 1)2 1 u=x1 du substitute: = du = dx 1 u2 1 1 = sin u + C = sin (x 1) + C Example 2: 4x2 Complete the Square = 4 35 1 dx = 2x + 9 1 dx 1 2x + 4 1 + 9 4 1 dx 1 2 2x 2 + 35 4 4x2 1
4 x 35 1 35 2

add and subtract 1 to 4 complete the square

dx +1

substitute:

u = 4 x 1 35 35 du = 4 dx 35

1 1 1 = du = tan1 u + C u2 + 1 35 35 1 = tan1 4 x 1 + C 35 35 35

Trick

Examples

Divide Improper Rational Fractions

x2 dx = x2 + 1

1 x2 + 1

dx

long division or synthetic division

= x tan1 x + C

cos2 x dx = Trig Identities

1 1 + cos 2x dx 2 2 1 1 = x + sin 2x + C 2 4

half-angle formula: 1 cos2 = 2 + 1 cos 2 2

1 dx = 1 + sin x = = Multiply and Divide = =

1 1 sin x dx 1 + sin x 1 sin x 1 sin x dx 1 sin2 x 1 sin x dx cos2 x 1 sin x dx dx 2x cos cos2 x sec2 x dx tan x sec x dx

multiply and divide by 1 sin x expand denominator Pythagoreans Theorem: cos2 + sin2 = 1 split the fraction

= tan x sec x + C