-- j---

T
F
T
F

T
F
F
F

F
T
T
T

} -N-A

Et
.
:

A=

14. A' - B' = B - A

i) A'- B'

A'

9. A = {1, 2, 3, 4} B = {2, 3, 4, 5}

E . -J- A (A')' E L

(i) x (A' )' x A' x A

(A' )'

. ----

A .............(1)

(ii) x A x A' x (A' )'

(A')'

10. (A')' = A

= {1} {5} = {1,5}

(1)(2)

(A' )' ............(2)

(A' )' = A

11. A = {-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3}

NA Et

.
:

A = { x / x Z, -3 x 3}

12. n(A B) = 51,

n(A) = 20, n(B) = 44

n(A B) = ?

n(AB)
= n(A) + n(B) - n(A B)

ENGLISH
IMPORTANT ANNOTATIONS: PROSE
THINKING OUT OF THE BOX: LATERAL THINKING
Q. 'With the six hats, instead of confrontation
there is supportive scrutiny of an
issue,which is useful where there are
fierce arguments, bickering or obstinacy?'
Reference: The above lines are taken from the
article 'Thinking Out of the Box: Lateral Thinking'
which is adapted from the website
www.lifestyle.com found on the internet.
Context: In the essay, Edward De Bono
presents one of the most effective techniques in
making use of lateral thinking by introducing the
method of six thinking hats. The six hats of different colours present different areas and lines of
thought like - informative, emotional, interrogative, moral, explorative and intellectual aspects. It
is easy to switch thinking without causing
offence. The six-hat method enables us to face
the routine problems of life easily.
Explanation: We generally use one type of thinking at a given point of time. Using the six-hat
method suggested by Bono makes us contribute
all kinds of thoughts and ideas towards our problems for superior solutions.
GENDER BIAS
Q. 'But you must start somewhere, otherwise
no woman will ever be able to work in your
factories.'
Reference: The above lines are taken from the
essay 'Gender Bias' written by Sudha Murthy.
The essay itself is an excerpt of her collection of
stories 'How I Taught My Grandmother to Read'.
Context: At the interview, Sudha was told that
women were not preferred for the post as they
would find it difficult to work on the shop floor.
The interview board told her that efforts associated with laboratory would best suit woman candi-

dates. However, this did not discourage her. She

argued that a beginning however had to be made
sometime and somewhere to select
women for the post. Finally the interview board
was convinced with the line of her argument.
Explanation: Finally, after a long interview, she
was told that she had been successful. Thus,
Sudha became the first woman engineer in Telco,
fighting against the gender discrimination changing the mindset of a great company.
IMPORTANT PARAGRAPH ANSWERS: PROSE

GENDER BIAS
Q. Sudha Murthy was planning to complete a
doctorate abroad but changed her mind.
Why?

Tx- u--- --Lq- J-c--E Ld d q p. u E

Eo () C EE d --
Jhh. v Tx -E --Eo-F
(-) h E-NC N-- N->-.
N: 1. Noun 2. Pronoun 3. Verb 4. Adjective
5. Adverb 6. Preposition 7. Conjunction

i) A(BC)

(AB) (AC)
A(BC)

x A(BC)

x A J x (BC)
x A J (x B
(x A

x C)

J x B) (x A J x C)

x (AB) (AC)
A(BC)

(AB) (AC) ......(1)

ii) x (AB) (AC)

(x A J x B)

A' - B' ....(2)

* A' - B' = B - A
15. -aEo Ey-** ud- .
: 'J --Eo --T*
v--- Lp h a v--Eo
--a . DEo p q
*h. (p, q v--)
(1), (2)

(x A

J x C)
x A J (x B
x A J x (BC)

x C)

X A (B C)
(AB) (AC)
(1), (2)

A(BC) ...... (2)

A(BC) = (AB) (AC)

ud Ey-
p, q

- u-i--p
NTL sx u

p q

u.

8. Interjection.

O Tx- d q p
. - u -EE-, --T--*-
-sEo d, v C - Eg-h. Gx K-~ u--E*a
vA u- Eo --j , E
--Eo Jh--E --. \
p h --\ . -C
---- -E-.

1. Noun: A Noun is the name of a Person,

place or ANY thing.
Concrete Nouns
courage, education, idea, love, luck
Nouns

uh, n-, h-.

-j--N
E v-L. - -,

Well, who would think of it?

A. Sudha Murthy is a well known social worker
and author. When Sudha was in her M.Tech.
Final Year at the Indian Institute of Science,
Bangalore in April, 1974, she was in a plan to
go abroad to complete a doctorate in computer science. When she saw the job-requirement
notice from Telco stating the condition that
'Lady Candidates Need Not Apply', she decided at once to question the gender bias. She
took it a challenge to question the gender discrimination on the part of Telco. Sudha determined herself to get selected to the post of
engineer in Telco. Her debut into Telco
changed her course of life.
GRAMMAR
PARTS OF SPEECH

ii) (AB) (AC)

i)

x A --J- x B
x B --J- x A
x B -A
A'- B'
B - A ...........(1)
ii) x B - A
x B -J- x A
x B' -J- x A'
x A' - B'

B-A

pq

j N--j
E .

'--J-- ---Th ---a-

AB=?
A - B = {1} ; B - A = {5}

16. A, B, C
A(BC) = (AB) (AC)

x A' --J- x B'

E L.

y-vA J--, n-y--J--- h

-.
V (Forall)
: y-vA J--:
ny J--: (Theirexists)
4. -h N? -- y
: h v - u - - d *- J E -
T v
v - - Eo ' - h .
: p v p
5. p, q j v--j- p( q)
h v- u--d .
:
p
q
q
p( q)

E .

B -A

ii) B - A A'- B'

i) x A' - B'

AB = (A - B) (B - A)

3.

{ 1x / x N, x 6 }

T
T
F
F

(pq)

1 1 ,
1 ,
13. A = 1,
2 3,
4
1
1

,
5 6

pq

= 64 - 51 = 13

B'

n(A B)

x A'

x B' x B x A

51 = 20 + 44 - n(A B)

'x -t - - i x t E
v E Nu, N v - .
: E v-:
p q: x -t--i x t .
N-u:
q p: x t x -t
N:
p q: x -t x t.
2. (p q) u--d .

1.

v-- N-

--

. '5 -u: 5 -t v---

jLp, -a .
: j-Lp: 5 -u 5 -t
--a: 5 u --J- 5 -t
7. N--- N? -- y.
: u--d--E *J E - F v
h v--Eo 'N---
: p(p)
A' E .
8. A
B B'
: A B E a.

--E 24 -- 2011

E. Ram Bhaskar Raju

, n, ,
Y x L--
abstract (v--T-N v) sense
. -x
E Abstract Nouns
. Nouns N C vh .

e.g. He made a call to me last night.

2. Pronoun: A Pronoun is a word used in the
place of a noun. It helps us to avoid repetition of nouns.

---- -
T - y---- .

e.g. He is Jagan that I spoke of.

3. Verb: A Verb is a word which expresses the
action of doing, being or possessing.

EE L Eo v . n-, LT--Eo -L-- - Verb -.

e.g. Please book a ticket for me.

4. Adjective: An 'Adjective' tells the quality,
quantity, colour and number of Nouns/

(- ---\--Lx--E -v--y T-J-- --v- --o- ---- ---u--)

Pronouns. y-Eo, J--Eo, ,
u L . N ----
y--- Jg-h. e.g. Ravi is busy now.
5. Adverb: Verb (v) -L-- E,
N, \, p, , -- - L-- , Adjectives (N-) J-N-AE L-- - v-N-- (Adverbs) . Adverb
Eo -s-x Adverb
qualify hC. So, an 'Adverb' is a word
which qualifies or adds to the meaning of a
verb. an adjective or another adverb. e.g. Ravi
looks busy now.
6. Preposition:
Preposition

u
o u -Eo *-hC.
English Grammar Prepositions v
v--iC. Preposition NN sx y n a- --T- x
p x-d- C--N-L. v->-x s-* --- ---L. A

Preposition tells the relation between two

at, in, by,
words in a Sentence.
on, for, from, of, about, between, among, till,
to, with, without, within, after, beside,
besides, before, since, over, towards,
against
e.g. None but Namratha deserves
praise.
7. Conjunction: Conjunction
Phrases
Clauses
Sentences
join
e.g. Once I come I will do it.
8. Interjection:

---

N Fo -s- d
v>-x!

- - E
n-N-- C. C -/
(---)/
(--u-)/
(u-)
hC.

-h - -L
, a-u, N, ---Eo L--
Interjections (-v v---n)
-.
e.g. Well, who would think of it?