BUFFER SOLUTION

BUFFER SOLUTION

Definition

Component

Prepare Acidic 1. First method Weak acid + its salt *its salt in water become conjugate base of weak acid + HA(aq) H (aq) + A (aq) + LA(aq) L (aq)+ A (aq) 2. Second method Weak acid + strong base (excess) Alkaline 1. First method Weak base + its salt *its salt in water become conjugate acid of weak base + NH3(aq)+ H2O (l) NH4 (aq)+ OH (aq) + NH4Cl (aq) NH4 (aq)+ Cl (aq) 2. Second method Weak base + strong acid (excess)

Principle work Acidic + CH3COOH(aq) H (aq) +CH3COO (aq) + CH3COONa(aq) Na (aq)+ CH3COO (aq) Add acid + H react with Conjugate base (CH3COO ) to produce CH3COOH + H (aq) +CH3COO (aq) CH3COOH(aq) Add base OH react with weak acid (CH3COOH) to produce CH3COO and H2O CH3COOH (aq) +OH (aq) CH3COO (aq) + H2O (aq) Alkaline + NH3(aq)+ H2O (l) NH4 (aq)+ OH (aq) + NH4Cl (aq) NH4 (aq)+ Cl (aq) Add acid + + H react with weak base (NH3) to produce NH4 + + H (aq) +NH3(aq) NH4 (aq) Add base + OH react with conjugate acid (NH4 )to produce NH3 + NH4 (aq) +OH (aq) NH3(aq) + H2O (aq)

....................................

Acidic 1. Weak acid+ its salt 2. Weak acid + conjugate base Alkaline 1. Weak base+ its salt 2. Weak base + conjugate acid

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Summary for buffer solution

CALCULATING pH of BUFFER SOLUTION

ADDING ACID ACIDIC -5 100 mL CH3COOH 0,5M ka = 1x10 100 mL CH3COONa 0,5M Adding with 100 mL HCl 0,1 M before + CH3COOH(aq) H (aq) +CH3COO (aq) 50 mmol + CH3COONa(aq) Na (aq)+ CH3COO (aq) 50 mmol 50 mmol After added HCl(aq)+ CH3COONa (aq) NaCl(aq) + CH3COOH (l) 10 mmol 50 mmol 50 mmol 10 mmol 10 mmol 10 mmol 40 mmol 60 mmol CH3COONa(aq) Na (aq) + CH3COO (aq) 40 mmol 40 mmol [H ]= ka.
+ + -

ADDING BASE ACIDIC -5 100 mL CH3COOH 0,5M ka = 1x10 100 mL CH3COONa 0,5M Adding with 100 mL NaOH 0,1 M before + CH3COOH(aq) H (aq) +CH3COO (aq) 50 mmol + CH3COONa(aq) Na (aq)+ CH3COO (aq) 50 mmol 50 mmol After added CH3COOH(aq)+ NaOH (aq) CH3COONa(aq) + H2O (l) 50 mmol 10 mmol 50 mmol 10 mmol 10 mmol 10 mmol 40 mmol 60 mmol CH3COONa(aq) Na (aq) + CH3COO (aq) 60 mmol 60 mmol [H ]= ka.
+ + -

= ka. = ka. =10 -5 = 1,5 x10 pH = - log H -5 = - log 1,5 x10 = 5 - log 1,5
+ -5

= ka. = ka. =10 -5 = 0,67x10 pH = - log H -5 = - log 0,67x10 = 5 - log 0,67

+ -5

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Summary

CALCULATING pH of BUFFER SOLUTION

ADDING ACID ALKALINE -5 kb = 1x10 ADDING BASE ALKALINE -5 kb = 1x10

100 mL NH3 0,5M 100 mL NH4Cl 0,5M Adding with 100 mL HCl 0,1 M

100 mL NH3 0,5M 100 mL NH4Cl 0,5M Adding with 100 mL NaOH 0,1 M before + NH3(aq)+ H2O (l) NH4 (aq)+ OH (aq) 50 mmol 50 mmol + NH4Cl (aq) NH4 (aq)+ Cl (aq) 50 mmol 50 mmol After added NH4Cl (aq)+ NaOH (aq) NH4OH (aq) + NaCl (aq) 50 mmol 10 mmol 50 mmol 10 mmol 10 mmol 10 mmol 40 mmol 60 mmol NH4Cl (aq) NH4 (aq)+ Cl (aq) 40 mmol 40 mmol [OH ]= kb.
+ -

before + NH3(aq)+ H2O (l) NH4 (aq)+ OH (aq) 50 mmol 50 mmol + NH4 (aq)+ OH (aq) NH4OH (aq) 50 mmol 50 mmol NH4Cl (aq) NH4 (aq)+ Cl (aq) 50 mmol 50 mmol After added NH4OH (aq)+ HCl (aq) NH4Cl (aq) + H2O (l) 50 mmol 10 mmol 50 mmol 10 mmol 10 mmol 10 mmol 40 mmol 60 mmol NH4Cl (aq) NH4 (aq)+ Cl (aq) 60 mmol 60 mmol [OH ]= kb.
+ + -

= ka.

= ka.

= ka. =10 -5 = 1,5 x10 pOH = - log OH -5 = - log 1,5 x10 1,5) = 5 - log 1,5
-5

= ka. =10 -5 = 0,67x10 pOH = - log OH -5 = - log 0,67x10 0,67) = 5 - log 0,67
-5

pH = 14-log pOH = 14 (5 log = 9 + log 1,5

pH = 14-log pOH = 14 (5 log = 9 + log 0,67

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Summary