8|otechno|ogy 1|me||ne

80004000 8CL
Pumans domesLlcaLe crops and llvesLock
oLaLoes flrsL culLlvaLed for food
2000 8CL
8loLechnology used Lo leaven bread and fermenL beer uslng yeasL (LgypL)
roducLlon of cheese fermenLaLlon of wlne beglns (Sumerla Chlna LgypL)
300 8CL
llrsL anLlbloLlc Moldy soybean curds (Lofu) used Lo LreaL bolls (Chlna)
100 CL
llrsL lnsecLlclde powdered chrysanLhemums (Chlna)
1797
lltst vocclootloo Ldward !enner Lakes pus from a cowpox leslon lnserLs lL lnLo an lnclslon on a boys
arm
1837
Louls asLeur proposes LhaL mlcrobes cause fermenLaLlon Pe laLer conducLs experlmenLs LhaL supporL
Lhe germ Lheory of dlsease
1839
Charles uarwln publlshes Lhe Lheory of evoluLlon by naLural selecLlon
1863
Cregor Mendel dlscovers Lhe laws of lnherlLance by sLudylng flowers ln hls garden1he sclence of
geneLlcs beglns
1913
hages vlruses LhaL only lnfecL bacLerla are dlscovered
1927
Perman Muller dlscovers LhaL radlaLlon causes defecLs ln chromosomes
1928
Slr Alexander llemlng dlscovers Lhe anLlbloLlc penlclllln by chance when he reallzes LhaL enlcllllum
mold kllls bacLerla
1944
unA ls proven Lo carry geneLlc lnformaLlon by Cswald Avery Colln MacLeod and Maclyn McCarLy
1933
!ames WaLson and lrancls Crlck descrlbe Lhe double hellcal sLrucLure of unA 1hey shared Lhe 1962
nobel rlze ln Medlclne or hyslology wlLh Maurlce Wllklns
1933
1he amlno acld sequence of lnsulln ls dlscovered by lrederlck Sanger
1938
unA ls made ln a LesL Lube for Lhe flrsL Llme
Slckle cell dlsease ls shown Lo occur due Lo a change ln one amlno acld
1966
1he geneLlc code for unA ls cracked
1971
1he flrsL compleLe synLhesls of a gene occurs
ulscovery of testtlctloo eozymes LhaL cuL and spllce geneLlc maLerlal very speclflcally occurs 1hls opens
Lhe way for gene clonlng
1973
SLanley Cohen and PerberL 8oyer perfecL geneLlc englneerlng Lechnlques Lo cuL and pasLe unA uslng
resLrlcLlon enzymes
1973
Ceorges kohler and Cesar MllsLeln develop Lhe Lechnology Lo produce monoclonal anLlbodles hlghly
speclflc purlfled anLlbodles derlved from only one clone of cells LhaL recognlze only one anLlgen 1hey
shared Lhe 1984 nobel rlze ln hyslology or Medlclne wlLh nells !erne
1981
1he flrsL ttoosqeolc oolmols are produced by Lransferrlng genes from oLher anlmals lnLo mlce 1he flrsL
paLenL for a geneLlcally modlfled organlsm ls granLed for bacLerla LhaL can break down crude oll
1982
Puman lnsulln produced ln geneLlcally modlfled bacLerla ls Lhe flrsL bloLech drug approved by Lhe luA
1983
1he polymerase chaln reacLlon (C8) Lechnlque whlch makes unllmlLed coples of genes and gene
fragmenLs ls concelved
1986
llrsL recomblnanL vacclne ls approved for human use hepaLlLls 8
1987
llrsL approval for fleld LesLs of a geneLlcally modlfled food planL vlrus reslsLanL LomaLoes
1990
1he Puman Cenome ro[ecL an lnLernaLlonal efforL Lo maps all of Lhe genes ln Lhe human genome
ls launched
1994
CeneLlcally modlfled LomaLoes are sold ln Lhe uS for Lhe flrsL Llme
1997
SclenLlsLs reporL Lhe blrLh of uolly Lhe flrsL anlmal cloned from an adulL cell
1998
Puman embryonlc sLem cell llnes are esLabllshed 1hey offer hope Lo many because Lhey may be able Lo
replace dlseased or dysfuncLlonal cells
2002
1he drafL verslon of Lhe human genome ls publlshed
2003
1he SA8S (severe acuLe resplraLory syndrome) vlrus ls sequenced Lhree weeks afLer lLs dlscovery
2004
1he flrsL cloned peL a klLLen ls dellvered Lo lLs owner She ls called CopyCaL (or Cc for shorL)
2006
A recomblnanL vacclne agalnsL human paplllomavlrus (Pv) recelves luA approval 1he vlrus causes
genlLal warLs and can cause cervlcal cancer