9.O.C. & S.

C TEST ON 1 - TRANSFORMER

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR O.C. & S.C TEST ON 1 - TRANSFORMER

O.C. & S.C TEST ON 1 - TRANSFORMER

AIM :- To conduct O.C & S.C Test on a given single phase transIormer and to predetermine the
characteristics and to determine the equivalent circuit parameters , maximum eIIiciency, Power Iactor,
regulation at constant loads.
Rating of the transformer:-



Apparatus Required:-
For Open Circuit Test






THEORY:
Since eIIiciency is the ratio oI the output power to input power, it can be evaluated, iI output and input
power are measured with watt meters incorporated in the primary and secondary.
O.C & S.C TEST ON 1-m TRANSFORMER
Since eIIiciency is the ratio oI the output power, it can be evaluated, iI output and input power, are
measured with Wattmeter`s incorporated in the primary and secondary circuits. During a load test. But as
experience shows, such a direct load test Iails to give accurate results, since the eIIiciency is usually very
high, and even a smaller error in one oI the instruments gives wrong results, hence the usual practice is to
measure the internal loss and copper loss by indirect methods and based upon this data, the eIIiciency at any
desired load and power Iactor is determined. The methods adopted are
1. Open circuit test and
2. Short circuit test
Voltage regulation can be determined Irom the data obtained Irom a short circuit test. These are
discussed brieIly.
O .C TEST :
The purpose oI this is to determine No-load loss (or) Core loss and no-load I
0
which is helpIul in
Iinding X
0
and R
0
one winding oI the transIormer usually high voltage winding is left open and the other
is connected to the supply with normal voltage and Irequency.
2 KVA 1 -Phase Step down TransIormer
230V / 115V
2 KVA 1- Phase Step down TransIormer
230V / 115V

S.No. Name of the apparatus Range Type Qty.
1 Voltmeter 0-150V MI 1
2 Ammeter 0-2A MI 1
3 Wattmeter 150V/2.5A LPF 1
4 TransIormer 2KVA -- 1
5 Dimmerstat 0-270/8A W.W 1

A Wattmeter, Voltmeter and Ammeter are connected to primary winding as the no

load current is very small i.e 2 to 10 oI Iull load current, negligible cu losses occurs. Rated voltage at
normal frequency is applied across the primary and the input current and input power is measured.
Let, V
1
Primary applied voltage.
I
0
Input current.
W
0
Input power
As discussed earlier, with the secondary open circuited and rated voltage applied (secondary copper loss is
zero, and primary copper loss is negligible small)
Hence , W
0
Iron loss
Power Input W
0
V
1
I
0
Cos O
0

Cos O
0
W
0
/V
1
I
0
Also,
I
C
I
0
Cos O and I
M
I
0
SinO
V
1
,I
0
and W
0
are measured during the open circuit test, hence I
C
and I
M
Can be evaluated.
Hence we have R
0
V
2
/I
C
and X
0
V
1
/I
M

Thus, the parameters R
0
and X
0
also can be determined.
S . C TEST :
In this test we can Iind out equivalent impedances, leakage reactance and transIormer resistance.Cu
losses at Iull load which is used to Iind out eIIiciency.
This test is generally perIormed on high voltage side (primary) and low voltage side (secondary)
short circuited with a thick conductor .Voltage, current and wattmeter are connected in order to measure
voltage and power. A reduced voltage at normal Irequency which can be obtained Irom a regulating
transIormer is applied across the primary .The voltage is adjusted such that the rated current Ilows through
each winding, the applied voltage, input current and input power are measured.
Let,
Vsc - primary applied voltage
Isc short circuited current through primary
Ino Input power
As discussed earlier, The Iron loss which occurs, during the sc test, is quite small .Since the applied voltage
is only a very small Iriction oI the rated voltage (Iron loss is a Iriction oI voltage) and it is usually ignored.
The primary and windings carry rated currents, and hence Iull load copper loss occurs We have,
Input power Total Iull load copper loss
ThereIore, the waltmeter reading
Wsc Full load copper loss.

!ROCEDURE:-
1. Connect the circuit as shown in circuit diagram.
2. Close the DPST switch.
3. Apply 115V, 50Hz supply to the L.V. side oI transIormer with the help oI auto
transIormer.
4. Note down the readings oI ammeter, Voltmeter, Wattmeter.
5. Do the calculations and Iind the shunt parameters.
Tabulation for O.C. Test:-

V
0
I
0
W
0
Cos
0
W
O
/V
O
I
O
R
0
V
O
/I
O
cos
0



X
0
V
O
/I
O
sin
0



Z
0


For Short Circuit Test
Apparatus:-

S.No. Name of the apparatus Range Type Qty.
1 Voltmeter 0-30V MI 1
2 Ammeter 0-10A MI 1
3 Wattmeter 75V/10A UPF 1
4 TransIormer 2KVA -- 1
5 Dimmerstat 0-270/8A W.W 1

!ROCEDURE:-
1. Connect the circuit as shown in circuit diagram.
2. Close the DPST switch.
3. Vary the dimmerstat until Iull rated current Ilows through the transIormer.
4. Note down the readings oI ammeter, voltmeter and wattmeter.
5. Make the necessary calculations and draw the graph.

Tabulation for S.C. Test:-

V
sc
Isc

W
sc
Cos
sc
Wsc/ Vsc

Isc

Rsc

W/ I
2
SC
Z
sc
V sc/I
SC
Xsc











P.F Voltage drop
due to
I
2
R
2
CosO
2
Voltage drop
dueI
2
X
2
SinO
2
Regulation
Lead Lag
0.1
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0

P.F CosO Load Iron losses Copper losses Out put Input EIIiciency


Cos0.8
/


Full load


Cos0.6



Full load


Cos0.2



Full load

Model Graphs:-




MODEL CALCULATION FOR FULL LOAD EFFICIENCY:
Iron loss (W
0
)
Copper loss (W
SC
) (I
SC
*Full load)
2
*R
01

Out put KVA*Full load*Cos

Input Out put iron loss copper loss

EIIiciency Output/input *100

MODEL CALCULATION FOR REGULATION:

Regulation : I
2
R
2
CosO
2
I
2
X
2
SinO
2
/V
0
* 100
I
2
R
02
Cos O
2

I
2
X
02
SinO
2


LagRegulation : I
2
R
2
Cos O
2
I
2
X
2
SinO
2
/ V
0



Lead Regulation ;I
2
R
2
CoOs
2
-I
2
X
2
SinO
2
/V
0

!recautions:-

1. Dimmetstat should be at minimum position at the time oI starting.
2. All the connections should be tight.

RESULT:
Hence the O.C &S.C test is obtained and the regulation and eIIiciency oI two similar transIormer at diIIerent
power Iactor is obtained successIully.
VIVA VOCE:
1.OC test is conducted on which side oI transIormer and why?
2.SC test is conducted on which side oI transIormer and why?
3.Which losses will be given by OC test?
4. Which losses will be given by SC test?
5.What is the Iormula Ior regulation oI a transIormer?