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5,988 7,30
,0 72 0
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0 7,2
[m] 30,00
1 Basic data
Total length : Spacing: Bay width : Height (max): Roof slope:
3,00 3,00
1 : Torsional restraints
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2 Loads
2.1 Permanent loads
self-weight of the beam roofing with purlins for an internal frame: G = 0,30 kN/m2 G = 0,30 7,20 = 2,16 kN/ml EN 1991-1-1
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EN 1991-1-3
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EN 1991-1-4
e/10 = 1,46
1,46 30,00
3 Load combinations
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EN 1990
(permanent loads) (permanent loads) (variable loads) (snow) (wind) EN 1990 Table A1.1
EN 1990
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4 Sections
4.1 Column
Try IPE 600 Steel grade S275 Depth Web Depth h = 600 mm hw = 562 mm dw = 514 mm Width Web thickness Flange thickness Fillet
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tf
tw y hw y
Depth of straight portion of the web b = 220 mm tw = 12 mm tf = 19 mm r = 24 mm 122,4 kg/m A = 156 cm2
z b
Second moment of area /yy Iy = 92080 cm4 Second moment of area /zz Iz = 3386cm4 Torsion constant Warping constant Elastic modulus /yy Plastic modulus /yy Elastic modulus /zz Plastic modulus /zz It = 165,4 cm4 Iw = 2845500 cm6 Wel,y = 3069 cm3 Wpl,y = 3512 cm3 Wel,z = 307,80 cm3 Wpl,z = 485,60 cm3
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4.2 Rafter
Try IPE 500 Steel grade S275 Depth Web Depth h = 500 mm hw = 468 mm dw = 426 mm Width Web thickness Flange thickness Fillet Mass
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Depth of straight portion of the web b = 200 mm tw = 10,2 mm tf = 16 mm r = 21 mm 90,7 kg/m A = 115,50 cm2
Section area
Second moment of area /yy Iy = 48200 cm4 Second moment of area /zz Iz = 2141 cm4 Torsion constant Warping constant Elastic modulus /yy Plastic modulus /yy Elastic modulus /zz Plastic modulus /zz It = 89,29 cm4 Iw = 1249400 cm6 Wel,y = 1928 cm3 Wpl,y = 2194 cm3 Wel,z = 214,1 cm3 Wpl,z = 335,90 cm3
5 Global analysis
The joints are assumed to be: pinned for column bases rigid for beam to column.
EN 1993-1-1 5.2
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EN 1993-1-1 5.2.1 In order to evaluate the sensitivity of the frame to 2 order effects, a buckling analysis is performed to calculate the buckling amplification factor cr for the load combination giving the highest vertical load: max G + Q QS (combination 101).
nd
For this combination, the amplification factor is: cr = 14,57 The first buckling mode is shown hereafter.
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So :
cr = 14,57 > 10
= 0 h m =
where
0 = 1/200 h =
2 2 = = 0,740 h 7,30
m = 0,5(1 +
1 ) = 0,866 m
Sway imperfections may be disregarded where HEd 0,15 VEd. The effects of initial sway imperfection may be replaced by equivalent horizontal forces: Heq = VEd in the combination where HEd < 0,15 VEd
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Right column 2 HEd,2 Kn 125,5 -24,47 89,48 77,01 26,72 14,25 VEd,2 kN -172,4 58,19 -105,3 -86,56 -10,57 8,17 HEd kN 0 70,69 42,42 42,42 70,69 70,69
Total VEd kN -344,70 138,9 -197,1 -159,6 1,40 38,88 51,70 20,83 29,56 23,93 0,21 5,83
0,15 VEd
106
The sway imperfection has only to be taken into for the combination 101: VEd kN 172,4 Heq = .VEd kN 0,552
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Combination 102:
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Combination 103:
Combination 104:
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Combination 105:
Combination 106:
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6 Column verification
Profile IPE 600 - S275 ( = 0,92) The verification of the member is carried out for the combination 101 : NEd = VEd = MEd = 161,5 kN (assumed to be constant along the column) 122,4 kN (assumed to be constant along the column) 755 kNm (at the top of the column)
dN =
EN 1993-1-1 5.5
The limit for Class 1 is : 396 / (13 1) = Then : c / tw = 42,83 < 59,49
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Flange:
The limit for Class 1 is : 9 = 9 0,92 = 8,28 Then : c / tf = 4,74 < 8,28
So the section is Class 1. The verification of the member will be based on the plastic resistance of the cross-section.
VEd / Vpl,Rd = 122,40/1330 = 0,092 < 0,50 The effect of the shear force on the moment resistance may be neglected. Verification to axial force Npl,Rd = A fy / M0 = (15600 275/1,0).10-3 Npl,Rd = 4290 kN NEd = 161,5 kN < 0,25 Npl,Rd = 4290 x 0,25 = 1073 kN and NEd = 161,5 kN < EN 1993-1-1 6.2.4
0,5hw t w f y
M0
The effect of the axial force on the moment resistance may be neglected. Verification to bending moment Mpl,y,Rd = Wpl,y fy / M0 = (3512 275/1,0).10 Mpl,y,Rd = 965,8 kNm My,Ed = 755 kNm < Mpl,y,Rd = 965,8 kNm
-3
EN 1993-1-1 6.2.5
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N Ed + k yy y N Rk
M1
N Ed + k zy y N Rk
LT
M y,Ed 1 M y,Rk
M1
M1
LT
M y,Ed 1 M y,Rk
M1
The kyy and kzy factors will be calculated using the Annex A of EN 1993-1-1. The frame is not sensitive to second order effects (cr = 14,57 > 10). Then the EN 1993-1-1 buckling length for in-plane buckling may be taken equal to the system length. 5.2.2 (7) Lcr,y = 5,99 m Note: For a single bay symmetrical frame that is not sensitive to second order effects, the check for in-plane buckling is generally not relevant. The verification of the cross-sectional resistance at the top of the column will be determinant for the design. Regarding the out-of-plane buckling, the member is laterally restrained at both ends only. Then : Lcr,z = 5,99 m for buckling about the weak axis Lcr,T = 5,99 m for torsional buckling and Lcr,LT = 5,99 m for lateral torsional buckling
Buckling about yy
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Lcr,y = 5,99 m EN 1993-1-1 6.3.1.2 (2) Table 6.1 EN 1993-1-1 6.3.1.3 (1)
Buckling curve : a (y = 0,21) EI y 210000 92080 10000 =53190kN N cr, y = 2 2 = 2 Lcr, y 5990 2 1000
y =
Af y N cr, y
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6.3.1.2 (1)
y =
y + y
2
2 y
= 0,9813
Buckling about zz
Lcr,z = 5,99 m
N cr,z
Buckling curve : b (z = 0,34) EI 210000 3386 10000 =2 2 z =2 = 1956 kN Lcr,z 5990 2 1000
Af y N cr, z = 15600 275 = 1,481 1956.103
EN 1993-1-1 6.3.1.2 (2) Table 6.1 EN 1993-1-1 6.3.1.3 (1) EN 1993-1-1 6.3.1.2 (1)
z =
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z =
z +
2 z
2 z
= 0,3495
2 EI Z
Lcr,LT
2
I W Lcr,LT GI t + IZ 2 EI Z
6 2 6
LT =
Wpl,y f y M cr
LT = 0,5 1 + LT LT LT,0 + LT
with LT,0 = 0,40 and =0,75
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LT =
LT +
kc =
2 LT
2 LT
= 0, 7352
f = 1 0,5 (1 0,7519) 1 2(0,8455 0,8) = 0,8765 < 1 0,7352 LT,mod = LT = = 0,8388 < 1 0,8765 f
2
f = 1 0,5 (1 k c ) 1 2 LT 0,8
)]
2
Table 6.6
EN 1993-1-1 Annex A
wy = wz =
= =
3512 = 1,144 < 1,5 3069 485,6 = 1,578 > 1,5 307,8 wz = 1,5
EN 1993-1-1 Annex A
NCCI SN003
2 EI w A (GI t + ) I0 Lcr,T 2
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N cr,T =
15600 210000 2845500 .10 6 80770 165, 4.10 4 + 2 95466.10 4 1000 5990 2
Ncr,T = 4869 kN
M cr,0 = C1
2 EI Z
Lcr,LT
2
I W Lcr,LT GI t + IZ 2 EI Z
NCCI SN003
Mcr,0 is the critical moment for the calculation of 0 for uniform bending moment as specified in Annex A. C1 = 1
M cr,0 = 1
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2 210000 3386.10 4
5990 2 10 6
M cr,o = 763,3kNm
0 =
Wpl,y f y M cr,o
EN 1993-1-1 Annex A
0 lim = 0,2 C1 4 (1
with Ncr,TF = Ncr,T
symmetrical section)
C my = C my,0 + (1 C my,0 )
y a LT
1 + y a LT
with
y =
M y,Ed N Ed
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N Ed N cr, y
y =0
C my,0
C my = 0,7896 + (1 0,7896)
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2 C mLT = C my
EN 1993-1-1 Annex A
C mLT = 0,96412
= 0,9843 < 1
CmLT = 1
Calculation of the factors Cyy and Czy :
Cyy = 1 + ( wy 1)[(2
npl =
W 1,6 2 1,6 2 2 Cmy max Cmy max )npl bLT ] el, y wy wy Wpl, y
EN 1993-1-1 Annex A
1,6 1,6 0,96412 1,481 0,96412 1,4812 ) 0,03765] 1,144 1,144 W 3069 = 0,8739 Cyy = 0,9849 > el, y = Wpl, y 3512
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Czy = 1 + ( wy 1)[(2
wy Wel,y wz Wpl,y
= 0,6
EN 1993-1-1 Annex A
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k yy = 0,9641 1
k zy = CmyCmLT
z
1 N Ed N cr, y
wy 1 0,6 Czy wz
k zy = 0,96411
N Ed + k yy y N Rk
M1
LT
M y,Ed 1 M y,Rk
EN 1993-1-1 6.3.3
M1
161500 755.10 6 = 0,9534 <1 OK + 0,9818 15600 275 3512.10 3 275 0,9813 0,8388 1 1
N Ed + k zy z N Rk
M1
LT
M y,Ed 1 M y,Rk
M1
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161500 755.10 6 + 0,5138 = 0,5867 <1 OK 15600 275 3512.10 3 275 0,3495 0,8388 1 1
7 Rafter verification
7.1 Classification
Case with maximum compression in beam: (Combination 101)
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Web:
c / tw = 41,76
=
c / tw = 41,76 <
EN 1993-1-1 5.5
class 1
Flanges b = 200 mm tf = 16 mm r = 21 mm c = 71 mm
c / tf = 4,44
part to compression
c / tf < 9 = 8,28
c / tf = 4,44
(S275 = 0,92 )
class 1
So the section is Class 1. The verification of the member will be based on the plastic resistance of the cross-section.
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305,23 kNm
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=1
Npl,Rd = 11550 x 275/1000 = 3176 kN NEd = 136 kN < 0,25 Npl,Rd= 3176 0,25 = 794,1 kN
and
EN 1993-1-1 6.2.4
0,5 hw t w f y
M0
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Bending
Mpl,y,Rd = 2194 275/1000 = 603,4 kNm My,Ed = 349,10 kNm < Mpl,y,Rd = 603,4 kNm
EN 1993-1-1 6.2.5
EN 1993-1-1 6.3.3
M y,Ed 1 M y,Rk
and
M1
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LT
N Ed + k zy z N Rk
M1
M1
LT
M1
For the determination of the buckling length about yy, a buckling analysis is performed to calculate the buckling amplification factor cr for the load EN 1993-1-1 combination giving the highest vertical load, with a fictitious restraint at 6.3.1.2 (2) top of column: Table 6.1 Combination 101 cr = 37,37
y = 0,21
y =
Af y N cr, y
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y = 0,5 1 + y 0, 2 + y
y =
y + y
2
2 y
= 0,8011
For buckling about zz and for lateral torsional buckling, the buckling length is taken as the distance between torsional restraints: Lcr = 6,00m Note: the intermediate purlin is a lateral restraint of the upper flange only. Its influence could be taken into account but it is conservatively neglected in the following. Flexural buckling Lcr,z = 6,00 m EN 1993-1-1 6.3.1.3
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N cr,z = 2
EI z L2 z cr,
=2
with yo = 0 and zo = 0
N cr,T =
z =
Af y N cr
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z = 0,5 1 + z 0,2 + z
Table 6.1
z +
2 z
2 z
= 0,3063
Lcr,LT = 6,00 m
Buckling curve : c
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Moment diagram along the part of rafter between restraints: Combination 101 Calculation of the critical moment: NCCI SN003
qL2 = = - 0,123 8M
= - 0,487
q = - 9,56 kN/m
C1 = 2,75
M cr = C1
M cr = 2,75
2 EI Z
Lcr,LT
2
I W Lcr,LT GI t + IZ 2 EI Z
2141.10 4 + 6000 2 80770 89,29.10 4 2 210000 2141.10 4
NCCI
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LT =
Wpl, y f y
LT = 0,5 1 + LT LT LT,0 + LT
with LT,0 = 0,40 and =0,75
M cr
LT = 0 , 5 1 + 0 , 49 (0 , 7215 0 , 4 ) + 0 , 75 0 , 7215 2
= 0 , 7740
LT =
LT +
2 LT
2 LT
= 0,8125
kc = 0,91
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f = 1 0,5 (1 k c ) 1 2 LT 0,8
)]
2
LT,mod =
LT
f
Combination 101
Section class1
N Ed + k yy y N Rk
M y,Ed 1 M y,Rk
My,Ed = 0 et Mz,Ed = 0
N Ed + k zy z N Rk M y,Ed 1 M y,Rk
EN 1993-1-1 6.3.3
M1
LT
M1
M1
LT
M1
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EN 1993-1-1 Annex A
wy = wz =
= =
2194 = 1,138 < 1,50 1928 335,9 = 1,569 > 1,50 214,1
I W Lcr,LT GI t + IZ 2 EI Z
2
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M cr,0 = C1
2 EI Z
Lcr,LT
2
NCCI SN003
Mcr,0 is the critical moment for the calculation of 0 for uniform bending moment as specified in Annex A. C1 = 1
M cr,0 = 1
M cr,o
6000 2 10 6 = 421,5kNm
0 =
Wpl, y f y M cr,o
0 lim = 0,2 C1 4 (1
with Ncr,TF = Ncr,T
symmetrical section)
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y aLT
1 + y aLT
EN 1993-1-1 Annex A
with y = and
M y,Ed N Ed
aLT = 1
Moment diagram along the rafter: My,Ed = maximum moment along the rafter = 755kNm 30m 2 EI y x N = 1+ 2 1 Ed L M y,Ed N cr, y
2 210000 48200 10 4 179 136 =0,9803 1 = 1+ 30000 2 755 106 5082
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Cmy,0
Cmy,0
y aLT
1 + y aLT
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2 CmLT = Cmy
EN 1993-1-1 Annex A
CmLT = 0,996 2
C yy = 1 + ( wy 1)[(2
W 1,6 2 1,6 2 2 Cmy max Cmy max )npl bLT ] el, y wy wy Wpl,y
EN 1993-1-1 Annex A
npl =
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max = z = 1,605
Cyy = 0,9774 Czy = 1 + ( wy 1)[(2 wy Wel,y 14 2 2 Cmy max )npl d LT ] 0,6 5 wy wz Wpl, y
k yy = 0,996 1,072
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k zy = CmyCmLT
z
1 N Ed N cr, y
wy 1 0,6 Czy wz
k zy = 0,996 1,072
N Ed + k yy y N Rk
M1
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LT
M y,Ed 1 M y,Rk
M1
136000 349,1.10 6 + 1,116 = 0,8131 < 1 OK 11550 275 2194.10 3 275 0,8011 0,8503 1 1
N Ed + k zy z N Rk
M1
LT
M y,Ed 1 M y,Rk
(6.62)
M1
136000 349,1.10 6 + 0,5859 = 0,5385 < 1 OK 11550 275 2194.10 3 275 0,3063 0,8503 1 1
8 Haunch verification
For the verification of the haunch, the compression part of the cross-section is considered as alone with a length of buckling about the zz-axis equal to 3,00m (length between the top of column and the first restraint).
Maximum forces and moments in the haunch:
kN kN kNm
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The calculation of elastic section properties for this case is approximate, ignoring the middle flange. Section area Second moment of area /yy Second moment of area /zz Elastic modulus /yy Elastic modulus /zz
A = 160,80 cm2 Iy = 230520 cm4 Iz = 2141 cm4 Wel,y = 4610 cm3 Wel,z = 214 cm3
200 mm 1000 mm
Section at the mid-length of the haunch including 1/6th of the web depth Section area Second moment of area /yy Second moment of area /zz iz =
A = 44 cm2 Iy = 554 cm
4
120 mm
Iz =1068 cm4
200 mm
1068 = 4,93cm 44
z =
curve d
z =
z + z2
2 z
= 0,640
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z N Rk
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Quality Record
RESOURCE TITLE Reference(s) ORIGINAL DOCUMENT Name Created by Technical content checked by Editorial content checked by Technical content endorsed by the following STEEL Partners: 1. UK 2. France 3. Sweden
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4. Germany 5. Spain Resource approved by Technical Coordinator TRANSLATED DOCUMENT This Translation made and checked by: Translated resource approved by:
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