GLASS CONTAINER DEFECT Causes and Remedies

COPYRIGHT EMHEART GLASS HERTFORD DIVISION All Rights Reserved TW0738/1191

INDEX page i ii iii iv v vi 1 2 4 6 10 12 14 16 18 19 20 20 21 22

I. II. III. IV. V. 1.

2.

The examination of a Container The various Parts of a Container Main Types of Sealing Systems Suggestions for Remedying Container Defects Definition of Terms Used Defects Requiring immediate Action Freaks Split Finish Checked Finsh Crizzled Finish Unfilledfinish Choked Neck or Bore Bottom Check Thin Ware Spike Stuck Glass Particles Finish Defects Offset Finish Bulged Finish Chipped Finish

3.

4.

Broken Finish Overpress Corkage Check Neck Ring Seam Out-of-Round and Off-Gauge Finishes Dirty of Rough Finish Tear Under Finish Bent or Crooked Finish Neck Defects Seam on Neck Ring Parting Line Bent Necks Long Necks Hollow Finish or Neck Dirty Neck Pinched Neck Danny Neck or Tear on Neck Shoulder Defects Shoulder Checks Thin Shoulders

page 24 26 27 28 30 31 32 33 35 35 36 38 39 40 41 42 43 43 45

5.

6.

Sunken Shoulders Body Defects Stringy Glass Hot or Panel Checks Pressure Checks Blank and Blow Mold Seam Bird Cage (Bird Swing) Brulse Checks Letter Checks Sunken Sides Bulged Sides Wash Boards Cold Molds Bottom Defects Flanged Bottom Thin Bottom Thick or Heavy Bottom Rocker Bottom Baffle Marks Swung Baffle

page 46 47 47 48 49 50 52 54 56 57 59 60 62 64 64 65 67 69 70 71

Wedge Bottom Heel Top General Defects Brush Marks Black Spots Shear Marks Oil Marks Broken Ware Loading Marks Drag Marks Lap Marks Or Wrinkles Out Of Shape Ware Uneven Or Bad Distribution Dirty Ware Stuck Ware Blisters Seeds Cords Stones

page 72 73 73 74 75 76 77 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 89 90

The Examination of a Container A good container is a container that will go through the customers filling line without causing any difficulty will carry his product to the customer. It is therefore essential that before a container is released for scale from the glass plant . It successfully passes an insection with standards set to meet the customer s needs. There are approximately one hundred defects which can develop in the container during the production process, some beyond the control of the operator , for example stones; but by far the largest number occur either in the feeder or machine operation. It is important that all production personnel learn to recognize the defects and understand what remedies to use in order to eliminate them.

When a glass container fails on the customers filling line because of a manufacturing defect, the reputation of glass suffers, which results in a loss of customer good-will Always remember; The Price of a Quality Container is Eternal Vigilance. Remedies offered hopefully give you a basic understanding of defects and their causes. In some instances , several remedies may be needed to correct the causes.

The Various Parts of a Container In order to identify in a container. It is most useful to know all the various types and parts of the container. Types of containers

Narrow Neck Type Parts of a Container

Wide Mouth Type

The Finish This is the top of the container above the neck ring parting line. It includes: The Sealing Surface Bore Bead or Color The sealing device is in the finish (see next section), also the bore or mouth for filling and emptying. The bead or color is used to assist in transferring the parison into the blow mold. The Neck The part which extends from the parting line to the curve at the base of the neck. The Shoulder This extends from the base of the neck to the straight part of the body. The Body The main part of the container which holds the product.

The Bottom The part of the container on which it stands when upright. Insweep The curve between body and bottom which helps to improve glass distribution and thus strength. Push-Up The center of the bottom which is raised up to provide a flat surface on the outer edge of the bottom and thus provide a firm seating.

Main Types of Sealing Systems The finish is one of the most vital parts of the container. It must be free of all serious defects to guarantee complete sealing on the filling line. Some defects, such as crizzles on the top sealing surface. May cause a container to leak slowly ; which will only be discovered when opened and the container to leak slowly; which will only be discovered when opened and the contents found to be stole or to have spolled. 1. Top Sealing Crown Cork The sealing surface is on the top the finish and used for narrow neck containers being filled under pressure. Thread or Lug The sealing surface on the top of the finish is closed by a screw type ca. Used for wide mouth jars and narrow neck bottles. 2. Side Sealing The sealing surface is on the side of the finish and the cap is pressed on to seal the contents. It is used for wide mouth jars in the food industry.

3. Cork Sealing The seal is made on the inside of the finish. It is used with narrow neck bottles.

Suggestions for Remedying Container Defect It is essential the the machine operator be able to isdentify defects quickly and accurately ,and to know how to remedy them. In this handbook all the major defects have been listed , with an accurate description and a sketch indicating the appearance of the defect and the position in the container where it is most commonly found. On the left page, the causes of the defect have been listed, and in a corresponding position on the right hand page are the remedies. The operator should frequently examine the containers passing along the conveyor from machine to stacker. Approximately once every twenty minutes, but depending on production speed, one container from each mold should be set out and allowed to cool so that it can be handled and thus examined more closely for defects. Dont waste these containers if they are not faulty and have not been damaged put them into the lehr.

Before correcting a defect , always remember the following; 1. How many of the particular defects are rejects? 2. If corrected, what other types of defects may be produced as a result of the adjustment made? 3. Only make adjustments when certain it will produce a better container. For Example: If a few checks were appearing in the finish, do not immediately reduce settle blow pressure or time .if it is known that the finish r bore will then be outside specification. THINK BEFORE YOU ACT

Definition of Terms Used Incorrect Too High or Too Low Too Much or Too Little Too long or Too Short Blank Blank Mold Mold Parison Blow Mold

The shape of the hot glass as it comes from the blank mold. Alphabetical List of Sections Causes and Remedies A. B. C. D. E. F. G. Feeder Machine setup and Operation Mold Equipment Conveyor Stacking Equipment Inspection Equipment Lehr Operation

SECTION 1 Defects Requiring IMMEDITE ACTION Standards are set by the Quality Control Department for most types of defects, but certain ones require immediate action; FREAKS SPLIT FINISH CRIZZLED FINISH CHECKS UNDER FINISH UNFILLED FINISH CHOKED NECK OR BORE BOTTOM CHECK THIN WARE STUCK GLASS PARTICLES SPIKES If the operator is fully in control of the production on the machine, containers with any of the eleven faults listed above should never reach the annealing lehr.

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General Defects STONES

90

Definition : Small pleces of refractory or unmelted batch materials. Note : The production personnel cannot cure this defect, but it must be reported immediately , as it is symptomatic of more serious trouble.

Some Possible Causes 1. Refractories from the furnace or foreheart are falling into the molten glass. 2. Batch materials are contaminated or incorrectly melted. 3. Furnace pull may be too high. 4. Flames impinging on furnace refractories. 5. Contaminated cullet.