State of nature: Society-less Government-less Hobbes: 1588-1679 Human beings are just animals We act to seek pleasure and

and avoid pain Naturally selfish Because of this without society chaos War of every man against every other These reasons are why we have law and government Because so self-interested despotic ruler who makes and enforces all laws, cannot be put out of power by revolution, becomes the ruler of anyone he captures or enslaves, and determines what things can be published/read John Locke 1632-1704 (inspired Declaration of Independence) Does not think we are naturally selfish Locke thinks we are generally born equal (abilities / balances of strengths and weaknesses) We have natural rights and duties to one another Uphold even without society Pre-society: people have property / money We know this by looking at Native Americans Without society and government peaceful Form society to advance Some people may take advantage of the lack of laws grab others property Wants a representative government Rousseau 1712-1778 Without society or government, people= relatively and naturally compassionate Without society and government people would be solitary and self-sufficient As a Result Peace No families, etc. Without government We would have a limited range of emotion No love No hate Its only with society that we get love and other emotions But class divides that result from society cause conflict / war between the rich and the poor

SOLUTION: Direct Democracy: Every person is both a government leader and a citizen who is being led