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CHNG IV: THIET KE CHI TIET

I. S O KHOI TONG QUAT:

Giao tiep ng day

Nhan biet chuong

Bo em

Mach hybrid va mach loc Mach phat tieng noi

Mach ieu khien relay

Mach phat hien busy tone

Khoi giao tiep ng day co nhiem vu giao tiep vi ng line ca tn hieu lan tn hieu thoai. am bao tr khang 600 . Khoi nhan biet tn hieu chuong nhan biet c khi tong nhan chuong. Bo em se em so lan o chuong.
SVTH : Ho Chan Hoa Vo Kim Hoang Trang 21

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Mach ieu khien relay se ieu khien relay tao trang thai nhac may gia. Mach hybrid va mach loc cach ly tn hieu thu va tn hieu phat, loai bo nhng tn hieu co tan so cao hn tan so tn hieu thoai. Mach phat tieng noi se phat ra tieng noi : Chu nha i vang khi mi tao trang thai nhac may. Mach phat hien busy tone khi co tn hieu bao ban khoi nay se phat hien va a tn hieu nham giai toa mach ket thuc qua trnh ghi. Mach nh thi co nhiem vu giai toa mach ghi tieng noi khi gap trng hp may b ban.

II MACH GIAO TIEP NG DAY VA CAM BIEN CHUONG:

5V Ring C1 Dz R2

Bridge Tip

C2

4N35

Tao CLK cho bo em

7414

R4

C4

R3

Nguyen ly hoat ong: Bnh thng khi cha co tn hieu chuong th ien ap tren ng day la Vdc co tr so 48V, tu C1 ngan dong DC nen khong co dong phan cc cho diode quang v the diode quang tat. ien ap chan vao cua IC 7414 la mc [0] do o ngo ra se la mc [1]. Khi co tn hieu chuong th
SVTH : Ho Chan Hoa Vo Kim Hoang Trang 22

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ien ap tren ng day co tr hieu dung la 70 90 Vrms va tan so la 25Hz, tn hieu nay qua tu C1, va cau diode cho nen tao dong phan cc thuan cho diode quang dan. ien ap chan 1 cua 7414 se la [1] va ap ngo ra se la [0], tao thanh mot xung kch cho bo em. Tnh toan cac gia tr linh kien: Chon ien ap hieu dung tn hieu chuong la Vrms = 90V Chon IDC = 5mA Chon ien ap ngo ra cau chnh lu la VDC = 15V Dong I AC qua cau chnh lu c tnh theo cong thc: IAC = (/2)*IDC = 7.85*10 -3 A Chon ien ap ri tren diode chnh lu la 0.7 V ien tr han dong R2 : Chon ien ap ghim cho diode Zener la Vz = 12V

Vdc Vz Vdiode 15 12 1.2 = = 360 Idc 5 * 10 3

R2 =

Chon gia tr thc te la R2 = 330

ien tr han dong qua Transistor quang R3: Khi Transistor dan bao hoa th VSat = 0.2V VR3 = Vcc VSat = 5 0.2 = 4.8V
R3 = VR 3 4.8 = = 1000 IE 5 * 10 3

Chon R3 = 1K Tu loc C2: Tu C2 c tnh sau cho co the bypass mot phan tn hieu chuong va toan bo tn hieu thoai. Thong thng ngi ta se chon ZC2 = R2 ZC2 = 330
1 SVTH : C Chan Hoa Vo Kim 1 Ho 2 = Hoang 19,3 F = 2fZC 2 2 * 3.14 * 25 * 330

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Chon C2 = 22 F / 50 V Tu C1 : Ta co:
Vac = ( 4 * f * C2 * R2 + 1) 4 * f * C 2 * R2 * 2

*Vdc

Vac =

4 * 25 * 22 *10 6 * 330 + 1 * 15 = 25.2V 4 * 25 * 22 * 10 6 * 330 * 2

Mat khac, ta co phng trnh: IAC*ZC1 + 2*V D + V AC = 90 7.85*10 -3*ZC1 + 2*0.7 + 25.2 = 90 ZC1 = 8076.4 C1 = 0.7 F Chon C1 = 0.68 F / 150 V * Mach tch phan R4, C4 Mach tch phan co thi hang = R4*C4 trong thi gian 2s phai thu c mc ien ap ngng t logic 0 len logic 1 cua cong NOT (loai Schmitt trigger), mc ien ap ngng Vn =3.5V ng vi ien ap nguon 5V. Vn Vin Vout
SVTH : Ho Chan Hoa Vo Kim Hoang Trang 24

Vh

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Ta co tan so tn hieu chuong la 25 Hz, suy ra chu k T =0.04s. Nh vay khi co chuong qua opto ta nhan c xung nh sau :

0.04s 2s Tn hieu vao la mot chuoi xung, thi hang = R4*C4 cua mach ln hn rat nhieu chu k cua mot xung. Nh vay qua trnh qua o cha ket thuc th co 1 xung khac tac ong tiep vao mach nen ien ap c the tang dan. Do ien ap tren tu nap cha en gia tr max th a xa, thi gian xa cha het th phai nap tiep v the ien ap c tang dan. Vc(t)

Gian o thi gian nap tu Vc (t) = Vcc*( 1 e

-t/

) vi

= R4*C4

Ta chon (thi hang) cua mach phai ln hn chu k mot xung tn hieu chuong. Nh vay qua trnh qua o cha ket thuc th co mot xung khac tac ong tiep vao mach nen ien ap c the tang dan len. e n gian cho viec tnh toan, ta chon = 0.2s, chon tu C4 =30F, ta co :
R4 = 0 .2 = 6,7 K 30.10 6

Cho n gia tr thc te R4 = 6,8 K.

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Vay ien ap cua tu C4 sau 0,02s la: VC ( 0,02 ) = 4,8.(1 e-0,02 / 0.2 ) = 0,46V Nh vay e at c 3,5V th mat mot khoang thi gian la 0,3s. Tu C4 c nap qua R4 va xa qua (R4 + R3), nh vay tu C4 xa rat cham ta xem nh no nap ma khong xa. Vay ta co the xem ap ng cua mach tch phan ng vi 1 xung co T = 2s. V

2s

III MACH EM HOI CHUONG:

7414

A B

Ro(1) Ro(2)

QA QB QC QD

1 2 7408

Ctr Relay 3

7493 OUT BUSY TONE

RESET

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SVTH : Ho Chan Ro(1) Vo Kim HoanQC QB QA Hoa Ro(2) QD g H H L L L L

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Moi khi co tn hieu chuong th mach cam bien chuong se nhan biet va xuat ra ngo ra la mc [0], khi khong co tn hieu chuong th ngo ra se la mc [1], nh vay ngo ra cua mach cam bien chuong se tao thanh xung CLOCK tac ong en mach em hoi chuong. Sau khi em 5 hoi chuong th tai ngo ra chan so 3 cua 7408 (IC cong And) se la mc [1] va se tac ong en mach Control Relay.

IV MACH CONTROL RELAY:

Mach ieu khien relay dung e chuyen t mach nhan biet chuong sang mach nhac may gia. 12V

D1

7408

R 8,2 K

C945

SVTH : Ho Chan Hoa Vo Kim Hoang

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Sau 5 hoi chuong th ngo ra 7408 len [1], lam cho C945 dan, Relay ong. Tong ai nhan biet trang thai nhac may la nh vao tong tr cua bien ap cach ly. Diode D1 bao ve transistor Q tranh qua ap khi Relay ong ngat. Ta s dung Transistor C945 vi cac thong so sau: = 100 300 PMAX = 250 mW ICMAX = 100mA Chon Relay 12V, tr khang 300 ta co :
Icsat = 12 0,2 = 39,33mA 300

Chon h fe = = 10
IB = I CSAT = 0.3933mA h fe

R=

VCONTROL RELAYl VD 2 0,7 IB

R=

5 0,7 0,7 = 7,88.10 3 3 0,3933.10

Chon R = 8,2 K

V. MACH HYBRID VA MACH LOC:

Nh ta a biet, nguyen ly hoat ong cua he thong ien thoai la tn hieu truyen i va ve tren cung mot oi day. Nen nhiem vu cua mach Hybrid la cach ly tn hieu thu va phat. Tn hieu tren ng truyen ve
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ch i theo ngo Rx vao mach, va tn hieu t he thong phat ch phat ra theo ngo Tx i en ng day ien thoai. Muc ch la e ngi goi khong nghe thay tieng noi cua mnh trong loa, ong thi ngan cach pho tan cua tieng noi. Mach loc la loc thong thap chu yeu la loc lay tn hieu thoai (300Hz 3000KHz), nham loai bo cac tan so cao hn ngoai y muon. 1/ Mach Hybrid: Mach Hybrid c thiet ke da tren ac tnh cua Op-Amp

VR 1K Mach phat R1 22K

R1 330

1 Mach loc TL082

4 R3 22K

Tnh toan va s dung linh kien: moi quan he gia ien ap ngo ra mach Hybrid VR va ien ap nhan ve t ng day VT c xac nh bang phng phap chong chap. + Trng hp VL = 0 RL

Z2 VT

3 + 2

8 VR1

Z1

TL082

SVTH : Ho Chan Hoa Vo Kim Hoang

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Neu xem nh Op-Amp la ly tng ta co:

V R1 V V VT = Z3 Z1 V ZL = VT Z L + Z 2 V R1 =

Z3

(Z 3 + Z 1 )
Z1

Z3 V Z1 T

V R1 =

Z 1Z L Z 2 Z 3 V Z1 ( Z 2 + Z L ) T

+ Trng hp V T = 0:

VL Z2

ZL

3 2

8 1 4 TL082 VR2

VT

Z1 Z3
V+ = Z2 V Z2 + ZL L

Z V R 2 = 1 + 3 V + Z1

Ta co :

Z Z 2 V R2 = 1 + 3 Z Z + Z VL 1 2 L

SVTH : Ho Chan Hoa Vo Kim Hoang

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Ap dung nguyen ly chong chap, ta co:

VR = VR 1 + VR 2 = Z + Z3 Z 1Z L Z 2 Z 3 VT + 1 Z Z1 (Z 2 + Z L ) 1 Z 2 Z + Z VL 2 L

e triet tieng doi th tn hieu thu vao VR phai oc lap vi tn hieu phat VT. Z1ZL Z2Z3 = 0 e tn hieu t ng day en mach thu ln nhat th ZL+Z2 phai nho nhat. Z2 = Z L Z1 = Z 3 Gia tr chuan hoa cua ZL trong thong tin la 600 o tan so 800Hz. Tuy nhien trong bang tan ien thoai ZL thay oi khong ang ke nen ta co the xem nh thuan tr. Z2 = Z L = 600 Do Op-Amp co tr khang ngo vao ln nen e phoi hp tr khang ta chon Z1 va Z3 u ln e phoi hp tr khang (t vai chuc K tr len). Trong mach nay ta chon Z1 = Z 3 = 22 K 2/ Mach loc thong thap: Mach co nhiem vu phoi hp tr khang nham loc lay bang tan ien thoai (300Hz 3000KHz), loai bo cac tan so cao hn ngoai y muon. C1 270F

R1 180K

R2 180K

3 2

8 1 4

C2 270F

R3 R4

8,2K

10K

SVTH : Ho Chan Hoa Vo Kim Hoang

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Ham truyen cua mach loc thong thap hoi tiep dng :
H (S ) = AV 0 1 + [C1 (R1 + R2 ) + C2 R1 (1 AV 0 )] 0 S + 0 C1C2 R1R2 S 2

e n gian trong mach ien ta chon R1 = R 2 va C 1 = C2, luc o t ham truyen tren ta co ham truyen at c rut gon nh sau:
H (S ) = AV 0 2 0C 2 R 2 S 2 + 1 + 0 S [CR(3 AV 0 )]

T bang ham Butterworth ta co :

b1 = 0 (3 AV 0 )RC = 2 b2 = 0 R 2C 2 = 1 1 R= C
2

Ta co e phoi hp tr khang ta chon R phai ln, chon R = 180K C 260F , ta chon C = 270F. T tren ta co AV0 = 3 1,4 = 1,6 Mat khac ta lai co AV0 = 1 + (R3 / R4 ), chon R3 = 8,2K R4 = 8,2 : 0,6 13,8 K Chon gia tr chuan R4 = 10K.

VI. MACH BUSY TONE:

Tong ai cap Busy-tone khi tat ca cac ng day ket noi thong thoai eu b ban hay thue bao b goi ang thong thoai, hoac 2 thue bao ang thong thoai th mot ben gac may. V vay ta thiet ke mach nhan biet tn hieu busy tone nay e nhan biet gac may cua thue bao au kia, va ong thi Reset bo em hoi chuong, tac ong en transistor lam cho relay ngat, dan en h mach tao nhac may va ong bo cam bien chuong.
SVTH : Ho Chan Hoa Vo Kim Hoang Trang 32

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e nhan biet tn hieu busy tone co tan so 425Hz, bien o nh nh 3V ta s dung IC LM 567. ay la mot IC chuyen dung e tach tone co cha mot vong khoa pha ben trong. Khi tan so au vao bang vi tan so trung tam ( f IN = fOUT ) th chan ra se co mc logic thap. Mat khac do tn hieu nay cung nam trong dai tn hieu am tan nhng co bien o bang 3V trong khi bien o tn hieu am tan ch khoang vai chuc mV. V vay e viec tach va nhan chnh xac ta nen qua bo so sanh, dung IC TL 082. Khi bien o vao ln hn mot ien ap chuan nao o (Vref) th tn hieu se c truyen qua bo so sanh, con nho hn ien ap chuan th khong qua bo so sanh. Tnh toan: Chon ien ap chuan Vref = 1V, ta co:
Vref = R2 Vcc = 1V R1 + R2

Chon R1 = 27 K R2 = 2,5K Chon gia tr thc te R2 = 2,7 K ac iem cua mach so sanh 1 mc nay la bien oi tn hieu ngo vao hnh sin thanh dang xung vuong.

SVTH : Ho Chan Hoa Vo Kim Hoang

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Vin

Vref 0

Vout Vcc

Khi co tn hieu busy tone a en ngo vao chan so 3 cua TL082, ngo ra se tao thanh mot day tn hieu dang xung co bien o bang vi mc ien ap nguon cua Op Amp. Tn hieu xung nay qua cau phan ap R3, R4 e han bien cho phu hp vi ngo vao IC tach tone. au vao chan so 3 cua LM 567 chu ien ap nho hn hoac bang 0,2V, nen ta co:
R4 0,2 = R3 + R4 12

R3 = 60R4

Chon R4 = 2,2K ta tnh c R3 = 132K Chon R3 = 120K. Cong thc tnh tan so trung tam cua LM 567:
f0 = 1 1,1R5C 4

SVTH : Ho Chan Hoa Vo Kim Hoang

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Vi R5 va C4 lan lt la ien tr nh thi, tu nh thi (R 5 thng c chon trong khoang 2K 20 K). e tien li ta cho : R5 = R5 + VR5 = 2K Chon R5 = 1,5K, VR5 = 1K Vi f0 = 425 Hz ta co : Chon C4 = 1F
C4 = 1 = 1,1F 1,1* 2 *10 3 * 425

C2 la tu loc thong thap, ta chon C2 = 1F C1 la tu loc ngo ra c chon tng oi, v neu chon qua ln th thi gian tre gia 2 trang thai ong va m se ln dan en mach hoat ong khong chnh xac, hoac chon qua nho th mach hoat ong cung khong on nh. Thong thng chon C1 = 2C2 = 2,2F. C0 va C3 la tu lien lac ta chon gia tr la 0,47F.

VII. MACH TAO TAI GIA:

La mot bien ap cach ly co tr khang Zbien ap = 600. Khi mach em hoi chuong em ti hoi th 5 th mach ieu khien Relay cho phep Relay ong chuyen t mach nhan biet chuong sang trang thai nhac may gia, thue bao goi nhan c trang thai nhac may cua thue bao b goi. 1:1

Zener 4,7V

Zener 4,7V

Mach tao tai gia

SVTH : Ho Chan Hoa Vo Kim Hoang

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Do ien ap lam viec cua IC trong mach la 5V nen ta chon zener la 4.7 V e ghim mc ap co nh khoang 5.3V nham bao ve IC.

SVTH : Ho Chan Hoa Vo Kim Hoang

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VIII. MACH NH THI:

Ta s dung IC Timer 555 e tao mach a hai n on. Nguyen ly lam viec cua mach nh sau: Khi xung t ngo ra IC 7414 chuyen xuong mc thap [0], ngay luc nay chan so 2 cua IC555 cung b keo xuong m c thap, chan so 3 cua IC555 (chan out) se len mc cao [1], ngo ra nay se c a vao cong logic OR tac ong vao mach thu nham giai toa viec thu. Ket noi mach nh hnh sau : Vcc +15V R2 T bo em R1 10K 2 8 4 6 7 C2

7414

555
1 C1 5 3 en cong logic

7414

Tnh R2 va C2: Ta co : t (high) = 1,1*R2*C2 Chon t = 4 phut = 4*60 = 240s Chon C2 = 1000F R2 = 220K
SVTH : Ho Chan Hoa Vo Kim Hoang Trang 37