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GSM Architecture Location Update : Call Flows MS to MS : Call Flow MS to ISUP : Call Flow Intra MSC Handover Call Flow
GSM Architecture
By:- Deepak Sharma
GSM Architecture
HLR/AUC
PSTN
D C D G VLR C B SMS-SC F MSC A BSC A-Bis BTS
B T S B T S
PSTN
ISDN
VLR B E F
ISDN
other PLMN
EIR E
GMSC
other PLMN
data
Um MS
Access Network
Mobile Station
BTS Um
data
B T S
BTS MS
PLMN
Core Network
Access Network
Mobile Station
GSM Areas
Location Area
Cell
MSC Region
Mobile Station
MS (Mobile Station)
The mobile station (MS) consists of the: 1) Mobile equipment (the terminal) having various functionalities: DTMF Capability, SMS capability, Ciphering Algos A5/1 and A5/2, Display capabilities, Support of Emergency calls without SIM, Burned In IMEI. 2) A smart card called the Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) : Security Data: Algorithm A3 and A8 , Ki Subscriber Data: IMSI, TMSI. PLMN Data: LAI,NCC, MCC and MNC of home PLMN. Radio Frequency channel numbers of PLMN.
Performs the Switching and have overall control on the call. Interact with other nodes during Origination and Termination half of call.
Central master database containing user data, permanent and semi-permanent data of all subscribers assigned to the HLR (one provider can have several HLRs) Permanent Data : IMSI,MSISDN, Subscriber SS related Information, MSC#, VLR#. Semi-Permanent Data: Authentication triplets [RAND,SRES and Kc], MSRN, TMSI Nodes interaction Interface Protocol Used HLR MSC C MAP HLR VLR D MAP HLR SMS-SC C MAP HLR AUC D MAP
Local database for a subset of user data, including data about all user currently in the domain of the VLR Local Data: IMSI,TMSI, MSRN, Authentication triplets, LAI, MSC#, HLR# Nodes interaction Interface Protocol Used TIP: MSC always VLR HLR D MAP contacts one VLR while VLR VLR G MAP a VLR can serve to VLR MSC B MAP several MSCs
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Location Update ?
IMSI attach/detach location update Normal Location Update Periodic Location Update
Key Words:
IMEI: International Mobile Equipment Identity. IMSI : International Mobile Subscriber Identity TMSI: Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity Kc: Ciphering Key. Ki : Personal Secret Key SRES : Signed RESponse (to authenticate subscriber)
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IMSI Attach is used by the MS to indicate that it has reentered the active state
B C D F
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} Map Signaling
DTAP BSSMAP
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Location Update Request [TMSI] Send Identification [UDT/BEGIN] [TMSI] Send Identification ACK[IMSI,RAND, Kc, SRES] Update Location [UDT/BEGIN] (UPLOC) Insert Subscriber Data(ISD1)[UDT/CONTINUE] ------------------------------------- Insert Subscriber Data(ISD2) [UDT/CONTINUE] -------------------------------------- Insert Subscriber Data(ISD3) [UDT/CONTINUE] ISD_ACK [UDT/END] Update Location Ack (UPLOCA) Cancel Location [UDT/BEGIN] Cancel Location ACK [UDT/END]
TIP: New VLR contacts old VLR for Authentication data. Finds the Old VLR by looking the old LAC & Cell ID in LOCU_REQ.
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Channel Request MS request as channel from BTS. Uses RACCH to send this RR
msg.Also have the reason as Location Update of establish a connection. calculated distance of MS with Timing Advance. channel number to reserve.
Channel Required : BTS decodes the above message and send this to BSC with the Channel Activate: BSC informs the BTS which channel type to activate and which
TIP:Logical Channels
flows in UPLINK,DOWNLINK and Both directions.
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Detailed Messages
1. Location Update Request: MS initiated message to the network
requesting connection establishment. This message is actually multi-layered with the following information: SCCP CR message: Containing the MTP Routing Label*, Source Local Reference Number(SLR), SCCP Calling/Called Party Addresses BSSMAP CMPL3: Passes location information to MSC (lac +cell id) A DTAP LOURQ message: Mobile identity (IMSI/TMSI), ClassMarkIE (20GSM Ph1, 00-GSM ph2,40-UMTS), Type Of Location Update(70-Normal,71Periodic,72-IMSI Attach). indicating that a signaling connection can be made between the two entities. It contains the following information: Destination Local Reference Number (same as the source local reference sent in the CMSRQ msg)* Source Local Reference Number*
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6.
7.
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9. Update Location - MAP message from VLR to HLR with location information of
the MS to be stored in the HLR.
10. Insert Subscriber Data - MAP message from HLR to VLR with subscriber
information Information includes IMSI,MSISDN, Bearer Services, Tele Services, Supplementary Services
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12. Update Location Ack - MAP message from HLR to VLR upon successful
completion of an Update Location request.
13. Cipher Mode Command BSSMAP message sent from the Network to the
BSS to update the encryption parameters for the concerned MS. The encryption key is sent in this message to the BSS.Sends Kc and Algorithm A5/1 or A5/2 be used.
14. Cipher Mode Complete BSSMAP message sent from the BSS to the Network
to indicate that successful stream ciphering has been achieved over the Um I/F.
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16.
17. Clear Command - BSSMAP message from Network to BSS to clear the
dedicated resource established during the Location Update Request message.
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TIP: HLR sends MSISDN in PRN to VLR to search MSRN. VLR receives MSIDN in ISD message.
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Paging Response Connect Confirm Auth Request(AUTRQ) Auth Response(AUTRES) SRES Comparison Cipher Command Cipher Complete ID Request ID Response TMSI Relocation Command TMSI Relocation Complete Setup SIIC CC Call Confirm Assignment_Request
Assignment Command Assignment_Complete
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Assignment_Complete
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MSC
HLR
EIR
MS(T)
DTAP SCCP BSSMAP F Interface C Interface D Interface PSTN I/F
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Detailed Messages
1. CM Service Request MS initiated message to the network requesting connection
establishment. In normal call establishment, this message is actually multi-layered with the following information:
SCCP CR message: containing the MTP Routing Label*, Source Local Reference Number*, Calling/Called Party Addresses BSSMAP CMPL3: basically passes location information to the switch (lac and cell id) DTAP CMSRQ message: classmark2 indication (20-GSM Ph1, 00-GSM ph2,40UMTS), mobile identity (IMSI/TMSI), CM Service Type (mobile originated call, emergency call setup, short message xfer, SS Activation).
indicating that a signaling connection can be made between the two entities. It contains the following information: Destination Local Reference Number (same as the source local reference sent in the CMSRQ msg)*
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MAP message from the MSC to the EIR requesting IMEI validation.
SCCP Calling & Called Party address (i.e. MSC # and EIR # and their respective SSNs) IMEI value Transaction ID: contained in each map message and are used to identify messages as part of a certain dialogue between two nodes. (This has been covered in detail in the MAP Overview)
Invoke ID: sent by the originating node to uniquely identify a request for an operation (such as Check IMEI)
Operation Code: a unique code which identifies what is to be performed (such as Check IMEI)
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7.
Setup- DTAP message sent from either the MS OR the MSC to initiate call
establishment.BASIC call setup information includes: Speech or DATA bearer capability Called & Calling Party Numbers
8.
9.
Send Info For Outgoing Call (SIOC) : MSC send SIOC to VLR to know the
Call Barring status of the originated call. Ex: BAOC, BAOIC etc
10. Progress
DTAP message from the MSC to the MS indicating the progress of the call in
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Number of Forwarding: indicates how many times the call has been forwarded (max of 5 times)
12. Provide Roaming Number: HLR to the serving VLR requesting a roaming number
for the called subscriber. It includes: IMSI: used by the VLR identify the called subscriber so an MSRN can be provisioned to the MS.
Forwarding Information: this includes the forwarded to number. During SRI, the HLR may be able to make the determination of Call Forwarding before PRN is invoked (i.e. CFU).
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15. Paging BSSMAP message sent from the MSC to the BSS which allows the BSS to
mobile identity (either TMSI or IMSI) and the cell identification.
TIP: MS always listen to PCH.
After getting Paging Command message from BSC, BTS broadcasts the paging in Air I/F on PCH.
16. Paging Response - Similar to the CM SERVICE REQUEST message except the
enveloped DTAP message is PGRSP instead of CMSRQ.
17. DTAP Setup. 18. SIIC/CC : Incoming calls barring check performed by MSC to VLR in same way as SIIC. 19. Call Confirmed- DTAP message sent by the called MS to the MSC to confirm the attempted incoming call setup.
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21. Connect DTAP message sent by MSC to the MS to indicate that the call has been
accepted.
22. Connect Ack DTAP message sent by the MS to the MSC to indicate that the call is
being accepted.
23. Disconnect - DTAP message sent by the MS to the MSC indicating that the call needs to
be torn down.
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MS-to-ISUP Call
MO BSS MSC/VLR HLR CM Serv Request Connect Confirm Authentication Request(AUTRQ) Authentication Response(AUTRES) Cipher Command Cipher Complete ID Request ID Response Setup SIOC CC Call Proceeding ISUP
Assignment_Request Assignment_Complete
Initial Address Message (IAM) Address Complete Message (ACM)
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MS-to-ISUP Call
MO BSS MSC/VLR Alerting Answer Message (ANM) Connect Connect_Ack HLR ISUP
***************** CALL IS IN TALKING STATE HERE ************************ Disconnect ISUP Release (REL)
Release Release Complete (RLC) Release Complete Clear Command (CLRCOM) Clear Complete (CLRCMP) Released (RLSD) Release Complete (RLC)
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BSC2
HO ACCESS
********* MO has been moved to BSC2 and rest flow of the call will remain same*************
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