Common Electronic And Electricity Formulas

Below is a reference chart giving all the equations deriving from Ohms Law. The parameters E, I, R and P are shown in the central area, each occupying one of the four quadrants of the pie. To solve for a given parameter, find that parameter at the center of the chart and choose the equation in its quadrant that defines the quantity in terms that you have measured or know.

I = Electrical current in amperes E = Electrical potential in volts R = Resistance in ohms (Also sometimes "Z" or Impedance in ohms) P = Power in watts (Also sometimes "W") NOTE: Equations referring to power and impedance are describing a Power Factor (PF), rather than pure DC power. This quantity accounts for the reactance of the load and the AC signal. Ohms Law (DC Current): Current in amps = Voltage in volts / Resistance in ohms = Power in watts / Voltage in volts Current in amps = (Power in watts / Resistance in ohms) Voltage in volts = Current in amps Resistance in ohms Voltage in volts = Power in watts / Current in amps Voltage in volts = (Power in watts Resistance in ohms) Power in watts = (Current in amps)2 Resistance in ohms Power in watts = Voltage in volts Current in amps Power in watts = (Voltage in volts)2 / Resistance in Ohms Resistance in ohms = Voltage in volts / Current in amps Resistance in ohms = Power in watts / (Current in amps)2 Ohms Law (AC Current): In the following AC Ohms Law formulas, q is the phase angle in degrees by which current lags voltage (in an inductive circuit) or by which current leads voltage (in a capacitive circuit). In a resonant circuit (such as normal household 120VAC) the phase angle is 0 and Impedance = Resistance. Current in amps = Voltage in volts / impedance in ohms Current in amps = (Power in Watts / Impedance in ohms cosq) Current in amps = Power in Watts / (Voltage in volts cos q) Voltage in volts = Current in amps Impedance in ohms

Voltage in volts = Current in amps Impedance in ohms Voltage in volts = Power in Watts / (current in amps cos q) Voltage in volts = ([Power in watts Impedance in ohms] / cos q) Impedance in ohms = Voltage in volts / Current in amps Impedance in ohms = Power in watts / (Current amps2 cos q) Impedance in ohms =(Voltage in volts2 cos q) / Power in watts Power in watts = Current in amps2 Impedance in ohms cos q Power in watts = Current in amps Voltage in volts cos q Power in watts = ([Voltage in volts]2 cos q) / Impedance in ohms ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT EQUATIONS: Resonant frequency in hertz (where XL= XC) = 1 / (2p [Inductance in henrys Capacitance in farads]) Reactance in ohms of an inductance is XL XL = 2p(frequency in hertz Inductance in henrys) Reactance in ohms of a capacitance is XC XC = 1 / (2p[frequency in hertz Capacitance in farads] ) Impedance in ohms (series) = (Resistance in ohms2 + (XL-XC)2) Impedance in ohms (parallel) = (Resistance in ohms Reactance) / (Resistance in ohms2 + Reactance2 Resistors in Series (values in Ohms): Total Resistance = Resistance1 + Resistance2 + ... Resistancen Two Resistors in Parallel (values in Ohms): Total Resistance = Resistance1 Resistance2 / Resistance1 + Resistance2 Multiple Resistors in Parallel (values in Ohms): Total Resistance = 1 / (1 / Resistance1] + 1 / Resistance2 + ... 1 / Resistancen ]) Capacitors in Parallel (values in microfarads): Total Capacitance in Parallel (values in any farad) = Capacitance1 + Capacitance2 + .... Capacitancen Capacitors in Series (values in microfarads): Total Capacitance in Series (values in any farad) = Capacitance1 Capacitance2 / Capacitance1 + Capacitance2 Multiple Capacitors in Series (values in farads) = 1 / ([1 / Capacitance1] + [1 / Capacitance2] + ...... [1 / Capacitancen ]) LCR Series Time Circuits: Time in seconds = Inductance in henrys / Resistance in ohms Time in seconds = Capacitance in farads Resistance in ohms SINE WAVE VOLTAGE AND CURRENT: Effective (RMS) value = 0.707 Peak value Effective (RMS) value = 1.11 Average value

Average value = 0.637 Peak value Average value = 0.9 Effective (RMS) value Peak Value = 1.414 Effective (RMS) value Peak Value = 1.57 Average value DECIBELS: db = 10 Log10 (Power in Watts #1 / Power in Watts #2) db = 10 Log10 (Power Ratio) db = 20 Log10 (Volts or Amps #1 / Volts or Amps #2) db = 20 Log10 (Voltage or Current Ratio) Power Ratio = 10(db/10)

Voltage or Current Ratio = 10(db/20) If impedances are not equal: db = 20 Log10 [(Volt1 [Z2]) / (Volt2 [Z1])] Frequency and Wavelength Frequency in kilohertz = (300,000) /wavelength in meters Frequency in megahertz = (300) / wavelength in meters Frequency in megahertz = (964) / wavelength in feet Wavelength in meters = (300,000) / frequency in kilohertz Wavelength in meters = (300) / frequency in megahertz Wavelength in feet = (964) / frequency in megahertz Wavelength = speed of sound (ft/sec or m/sec) / frequency Speed of sound = 1130 ft/sec Antenna Length: Quarter-wave antenna: (ordinary wire, velocity factor = 0.95) Length in feet = 234 / frequency in megahertz Half-wave antenna: (ordinary wire, velocity factor = 0.95) Length in feet = 466 / frequency in megahertz 70 Volt Loudspeaker Matching Transformer Primary Impedance = (Amplifier output volts)2 / Speaker Power WIRE GAUGE DIAMETERS A.W.G. Diameter (mm) 000 00 0 2 4 10.41 9.27 8.26 6.54 5.19 A.W.G. Diameter (mm) 6 8 10 12 14 4.12 3.26 2.59 2.05 1.63 A.W.G. Diameter (mm) 16 18 20 22 24 1.29 1.02 .81 .64 .51

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