Connected to Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.

0
Connected as SYSTEM
SQL> create table stud(sname varchar2(20), sid number (10), sage number(10), sar
ea varchar2(50), sdept varchar2(10);
create table stud(sname varchar2(20), sid number (10), sage number(10), sarea va
rchar2(50), sdept varchar2(10)
ORA-00907: missing right parenthesis
SQL> create table stud(sname varchar2(20), sid number (10), sage number(10), sar
ea varchar2(50), sdept varchar2(10));
Table created
SQL>
SQL> desc stud;
Name Type
----- -----------SNAME VARCHAR2(20)
SID NUMBER(10)
SAGE NUMBER(10)
SAREA VARCHAR2(50)
SDEPT VARCHAR2(10)

Nullable Default Comments

-------- ------- -------Y
Y
Y
Y
Y

SQL> insert into stud values('ashwin',101,19,'annanagar','aeronautical'0;

insert into stud values('ashwin',101,19,'annanagar','aeronautical'0
ORA-00917: missing comma
SQL> insert into stud values('ashwin',101,19,'annanagar','aeronautical');
insert into stud values('ashwin',101,19,'annanagar','aeronautical')
ORA-12899: value too large for column "SYSTEM"."STUD"."SDEPT" (actual: 12, maxim
um: 10)
SQL> desc insert into stud values('ashwin',101,19,'annanagar','aeronautical'0;
Object insert into stud values('ashwin',101,19,'annanagar','aeronautical'0 does
not exist.
SQL> desc stud;
Name Type
----- -----------SNAME VARCHAR2(20)
SID NUMBER(10)
SAGE NUMBER(10)
SAREA VARCHAR2(50)
SDEPT VARCHAR2(10)

Nullable Default Comments

-------- ------- -------Y
Y
Y
Y
Y

SQL> alter table stud modify(sdept varchar2(50));

Table altered
SQL> insert into stud values('ashwin',101,19,'annanagar','aeronautical');
1 row inserted

SQL> insert into stud values('bhavesh',102,18,'nungambakkam','marine');

1 row inserted
SQL> insert into stud values('pruthvik',103,20,'annanagar',
2 'aerospace');
1 row inserted
SQL> insert into stud values('charith',104,20,'kilpauk','mechanical');
1 row inserted
SQL> desc stud;
Name Type
----- -----------SNAME VARCHAR2(20)
SID NUMBER(10)
SAGE NUMBER(10)
SAREA VARCHAR2(50)
SDEPT VARCHAR2(50)

Nullable Default Comments

-------- ------- -------Y
Y
Y
Y
Y

SQL> select * from stud;

SNAME

SID
SAGE SAREA
SDEPT
-------------------- ----------- ----------- ------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------ashwin
101
19 annanagar
aeronautical
bhavesh
102
18 nungambakkam
marine
pruthvik
103
20 annanagar
aerospace
charith
104
20 kilpauk
mechanical
SQL> rename stud to studs;
Table renamed
SQL> select * from stud;
select * from stud
ORA-00942: table or view does not exist
SQL> select * from studs;
SNAME

SID
SAGE SAREA
SDEPT
-------------------- ----------- ----------- ------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------ashwin
101
19 annanagar
aeronautical
bhavesh
102
18 nungambakkam
marine
pruthvik
103
20 annanagar
aerospace
charith
104
20 kilpauk

mechanical
SQL> select sname, sid+100 'stid' from studs;
select sname, sid+100 'stid' from studs
ORA-00923: FROM keyword not found where expected
SQL> elect sname, sid+100 "stid" from studs;
elect sname, sid+100 "stid" from studs
ORA-00900: invalid SQL statement
SQL> select sname , sid+100 "stid" from studs;
SNAME
stid
-------------------- ---------ashwin
201
bhavesh
202
pruthvik
203
charith
204
SQL> select sname||' is a '||sdept||' engineer ' AS "PROFESSION" from studs;
PROFESSION
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------ashwin is a aeronautical engineer
bhavesh is a marine engineer
pruthvik is a aerospace engineer
charith is a mechanical engineer
SQL> desc studs;
Name Type
----- -----------SNAME VARCHAR2(20)
SID NUMBER(10)
SAGE NUMBER(10)
SAREA VARCHAR2(50)
SDEPT VARCHAR2(50)

Nullable Default Comments

-------- ------- -------Y
Y
Y
Y
Y

SQL> select * from studs;

SNAME

SID
SAGE SAREA
SDEPT
-------------------- ----------- ----------- ------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------ashwin
101
19 annanagar
aeronautical
bhavesh
102
18 nungambakkam
marine
pruthvik
103
20 annanagar
aerospace
charith
104
20 kilpauk
mechanical
SQL> select distinct sarea from studs;
SAREA
--------------------------------------------------

annanagar
kilpauk
nungambakkam
SQL> select sname,sage from studs where sage<=19;
SNAME
SAGE
-------------------- ----------ashwin
19
bhavesh
18
SQL> select sname,sage from studs where sage <19;
SNAME
SAGE
-------------------- ----------bhavesh
18
SQL> select sname,sage from studs where sage < 19
2 ;
SNAME
SAGE
-------------------- ----------bhavesh
18
SQL> select sname,sage from studs where sage > 19;
SNAME
SAGE
-------------------- ----------pruthvik
20
charith
20
SQL> select sname,sage,sid from studs where sid between 101 and 102;
SNAME
SAGE
SID
-------------------- ----------- ----------ashwin
19
101
bhavesh
18
102
SQL> select sname,sage,sid from studs where sid between 102 and 104;
SNAME
SAGE
SID
-------------------- ----------- ----------bhavesh
18
102
pruthvik
20
103
charith
20
104
SQL>
SQL> select sname,sage,sid from studs where sid in (101,102);
SNAME
SAGE
SID
-------------------- ----------- ----------ashwin
19
101
bhavesh
18
102
SQL> select sname,sage,sid from studs where sid not in (104);
SNAME
SAGE
SID
-------------------- ----------- ----------ashwin
19
101
bhavesh
18
102

pruthvik

20

103

SQL> select sname,sage,sid from studs where saname like '%i%';

select sname,sage,sid from studs where saname like '%i%'
ORA-00904: "SANAME": invalid identifier
SQL> select sname,sage,sid from studs where sname like '%i%';
SNAME
SAGE
SID
-------------------- ----------- ----------ashwin
19
101
pruthvik
20
103
charith
20
104
SQL>
SQL> select sname,sage,sid from studs where sid > 102 and sarea ='annanagar';
SNAME
SAGE
SID
-------------------- ----------- ----------pruthvik
20
103
SQL> select * from studs where sid >102 or sarea ='annanagar';
SNAME

SID
SAGE SAREA
SDEPT
-------------------- ----------- ----------- ------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------ashwin
101
19 annanagar
aeronautical
pruthvik
103
20 annanagar
aerospace
charith
104
20 kilpauk
mechanical
SQL> alter table studs add(spocket varchar2(50);
alter table studs add(spocket varchar2(50)
ORA-00907: missing right parenthesis
SQL> alter table studs add(spocket varchar2(20));
Table altered
SQL> select * from studs;
SNAME

SID
SAGE SAREA
SDEPT
SPOCKET
-------------------- ----------- ----------- ------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- ------------------ashwin
101
19 annanagar
aeronautical
bhavesh
102
18 nungambakkam
marine
pruthvik
103
20 annanagar
aerospace
charith
104
20 kilpauk

mechanical
SQL> update studs set spocket =750 where sid =101;
1 row updated
SQL> select * from studs;
SNAME

SID
SAGE SAREA
SDEPT
SPOCKET
-------------------- ----------- ----------- ------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- ------------------ashwin
101
19 annanagar
aeronautical
750
bhavesh
102
18 nungambakkam
marine
pruthvik
103
20 annanagar
aerospace
charith
104
20 kilpauk
mechanical
SQL> update studs set pocket=500 where sid =102;
update studs set pocket=500 where sid =102
ORA-00904: "POCKET": invalid identifier
SQL> update studs set spocket =00 where sid =102;
1 row updated
SQL> update studs set spocket =250 where sid =103;
1 row updated
SQL> update studs set spocket=100 where sid =104;
1 row updated
SQL> select * from studs;
SNAME

SID
SAGE SAREA
SDEPT
SPOCKET
-------------------- ----------- ----------- ------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- ------------------ashwin
101
19 annanagar
aeronautical
750
bhavesh
102
18 nungambakkam
marine
0
pruthvik
103
20 annanagar
aerospace
250
charith
104
20 kilpauk
mechanical
100
SQL> commit;
Commit complete

SQL> create table df(ename varchar2(10),eid number(10),sal number(20));

Table created
SQL> desc df;
Name Type
----- -----------ENAME VARCHAR2(10)
EID NUMBER(10)
SAL NUMBER(20)

Nullable Default Comments

-------- ------- -------Y
Y
Y

SQL> insert into df values('x',1,125000);

1 row inserted
SQL> insert into df values('y',2,34500);
1 row inserted
SQL> inseret into df values('z',3,12000);
inseret into df values('z',3,12000)
ORA-00900: invalid SQL statement
SQL> insert into df values('z',3,12000);
1 row inserted
SQL> insert into df values
2 ;
insert into df values
ORA-00936: missing expression
SQL> insert into df values('a',4,100000);
1 row inserted
SQL> insert into df values(b',5,200000);
2 '
3 ;
insert into df values(b',5,200000);
'
ORA-00917: missing comma
SQL> insert into df values('b',5,20000);
1 row inserted
SQL> select 8 from df;
8
---------8
8
8

8
8
SQL> select * from df;
ENAME
EID
SAL
---------- ----------- --------------------x
1
125000
y
2
34500
z
3
12000
a
4
100000
b
5
20000
SQL> update df set sal=case where eid in (1,2) then sal+1000 else sal+3000 end;
update df set sal=case where eid in (1,2) then sal+1000 else sal+3000 end
ORA-00933: SQL command not properly ended
SQL> update df set sal =case when eid in(1,2) then sal+1000 end;
5 rows updated
SQL> select * from df;
ENAME
EID
SAL
---------- ----------- --------------------x
1
126000
y
2
35500
z
3
a
4
b
5
SQL> update df set sal=case when eid in(1,2) then sal+1000 else sal+3000 end;
5 rows updated
SQL> select * from df;
ENAME
EID
SAL
---------- ----------- --------------------x
1
127000
y
2
36500
z
3
a
4
b
5
SQL> update df set sal=case when eid not in(1,2) then 10000 else sal+1000 end;
5 rows updated
SQL> select * from df;
ENAME
EID
SAL
---------- ----------- --------------------x
1
128000
y
2
37500
z
3
10000
a
4
10000
b
5
10000

SQL> update df set sal =case when eid in(1,2) then sal+2000 when eid not in (1,2
) then sal+5000 end;
5 rows updated
SQL> slect * from df;
slect * from df
ORA-00900: invalid SQL statement
SQL> select * from df:L
2 /
select * from df:L
ORA-00933: SQL command not properly ended
SQL> select * from df;
ENAME
EID
SAL
---------- ----------- --------------------x
1
130000
y
2
39500
z
3
15000
a
4
15000
b
5
15000
SQL> select * from studs;
SNAME

SID
SAGE SAREA
SDEPT
SPOCKET
-------------------- ----------- ----------- ------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- ------------------ashwin
101
19 annanagar
aeronautical
750
bhavesh
102
18 nungambakkam
marine
0
pruthvik
103
20 annanagar
aerospace
250
charith
104
20 kilpauk
mechanical
100
SQL> select avg(spocket) from studs;
AVG(SPOCKET)
-----------275
SQL> select avg(spocket) avg from studs;
AVG
---------275
SQL> select avg(spocket) "AVERAGE" from studs;
AVERAGE

---------275
SQL> select min(spocket) MINIMUM from studs;
MINIMUM
-------------------0
SQL> select count(*) from studs;
COUNT(*)
---------4
SQL> select * from studs;
SNAME

SID
SAGE SAREA
SDEPT
SPOCKET
-------------------- ----------- ----------- ------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- ------------------ashwin
101
19 annanagar
aeronautical
750
bhavesh
102
18 nungambakkam
marine
0
pruthvik
103
20 annanagar
aerospace
250
charith
104
20 kilpauk
mechanical
100
SQL> update studs set spocket = null where sid =103;
1 row updated
SQL> select * from studs;
SNAME

SID
SAGE SAREA
SDEPT
SPOCKET
-------------------- ----------- ----------- ------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- ------------------ashwin
101
19 annanagar
aeronautical
750
bhavesh
102
18 nungambakkam
marine
0
pruthvik
103
20 annanagar
aerospace
charith
104
20 kilpauk
mechanical
100
SQL> select count(*) from studs;
COUNT(*)
---------4
SQL> select count(spocket) from studs;
COUNT(SPOCKET)

-------------3
SQL> select max(spocket) from studs;
MAX(SPOCKET)
-------------------750
SQL> select sum(spocket) from studs;
SUM(SPOCKET)
-----------850
SQL> select abs(-20) "ABSOLUTE" from dual;
ABSOLUTE
---------20
SQL> select power(2,5) from dual;
POWER(2,5)
---------32
SQL> select round(15.359,2) from duall
2 :
3 ;
select round(15.359,2) from duall
:
ORA-00933: SQL command not properly ended
SQL> select round(15.349,20 from dual;
select round(15.349,20 from dual
ORA-00907: missing right parenthesis
SQL> select round(15.349,2) from dual;
ROUND(15.349,2)
--------------15.35
SQL> select round(15.343,2) from dual;
ROUND(15.343,2)
--------------15.34
SQL> select round(15.345,2) from dual;
ROUND(15.345,2)
--------------15.35

SQL> select round(15.345,1) from dual;

ROUND(15.345,1)
--------------15.3
SQL> select sqrt(36) from dual;
SQRT(36)
---------6
SQL> select lower('ORACLE') from dual;
LOWER('ORACLE')
--------------oracle
SQL> select upper('Oracle') "UPPER" from dual;
UPPER
-----ORACLE
SQL> select initcap('oracle') from dual;
INITCAP('ORACLE')
----------------Oracle
SQL> select substr('ORACLE',2,3) from dual;
SUBSTR('ORACLE',2,3)
-------------------RAC
SQL> select substr('ORACLE',2,-3) from dual;
SUBSTR('ORACLE',2,-3)
--------------------SQL> select substr('ORACLE',-2,3) from dual;
SUBSTR('ORACLE',-2,3)
--------------------LE
SQL> select lpad('ORACLE',10,'%');
select lpad('ORACLE',10,'%')
ORA-00923: FROM keyword not found where expected
SQL> select lpad('ORACLE',10,'%') from dual;
LPAD('ORACLE',10,'%')
--------------------%%%%ORACLE
SQL> select rpad('ORACLE',10,'#');

select rpad('ORACLE',10,'#')
ORA-00923: FROM keyword not found where expected
SQL> select lpad('ORACLE',10,'#') from dual;
LPAD('ORACLE',10,'#')
--------------------####ORACLE
SQL> select ltrim('

Oracle') from dual;

LTRIM('ORACLE')
--------------Oracle
SQL> select rtrim('

Oracle

') from dual;

RTRIM('ORACLE')
--------------Oracle
SQL> select ltrim('ORACLE','OR') from dual;
LTRIM('ORACLE','OR')
-------------------ACLE
SQL> select rtrim('oracle','le') from dual;
RTRIM('ORACLE','LE')
-------------------orac
SQL> select ltrim('ORACLEORACLE','OR') from dual;
LTRIM('ORACLEORACLE','OR')
-------------------------ACLEORACLE
SQL> select * from studs;
SNAME

SID
SAGE SAREA
SDEPT
SPOCKET
-------------------- ----------- ----------- ------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- ------------------ashwin
101
19 annanagar
aeronautical
750
bhavesh
102
18 nungambakkam
marine
0
pruthvik
103
20 annanagar
aerospace
charith
104
20 kilpauk
mechanical
100
SQL> update studs set sage =to_number)substr(118,2,3));
update studs set sage =to_number)substr(118,2,3))

ORA-00933: SQL command not properly ended

SQL> update studs set sage=to_number(substr(112,2,3));
4 rows updated
SQL> select * from studs;
SNAME

SID
SAGE SAREA
SDEPT
SPOCKET
-------------------- ----------- ----------- ------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- ------------------ashwin
101
12 annanagar
aeronautical
750
bhavesh
102
12 nungambakkam
marine
0
pruthvik
103
12 annanagar
aerospace
charith
104
12 kilpauk
mechanical
100
SQL> select to_char('123456.66','099.,999') from dual;
select to_char('123456.66','099.,999') from dual
ORA-01481: invalid number format model
SQL> select to_char('123456.66','099,999') from dual
2 ;
TO_CHAR('123456.66','099,999')
-----------------------------123,457
SQL> select sysdate from dual;
SYSDATE
----------8/21/2011 4
SQL> select sysdate, add_months(sysdate,4) from dual;
SYSDATE
ADD_MONTHS(SYSDATE,4)
----------- --------------------8/21/2011 4 12/21/2011 4:06:23 PM
SQL> select sysdate, last_day(sysdate) from dual;
SYSDATE
LAST_DAY(SYSDATE)
----------- ----------------8/21/2011 4 8/31/2011 4:06:57
SQL> select sysdate,next_day(sysdate,'monday') from dual;
SYSDATE
NEXT_DAY(SYSDATE,'MONDAY')
----------- -------------------------8/21/2011 4 8/22/2011 4:07:31 PM

SQL> select months_between('09-aug-91','11-mar-2009') from dual;

MONTHS_BETWEEN('09-AUG-91','11
------------------------------211.064516129032
SQL> create table order_details (order_no number,date_info date);
Table created
SQL> desc
Name
--------ORDER_NO
DATE_INFO

order_details;
Type Nullable Default Comments
------ -------- ------- -------NUMBER Y
DATE Y

SQL> insert into order_details values(&order_no,'&date_info');

1 row inserted
SQL> /
1 row inserted
SQL> select current_timestamp from dual;
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
------------------------------------------------21-AUG-11 04.11.26.718000 PM +03:00
SQL> create table time_info(t1 TIMESTAMP with TIME ZONE, t2 TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL
TIME ZONE);
Table created
SQL>
Name
---T1
T2

desc time_info;
Type
--------------------------------TIMESTAMP(6) WITH TIME ZONE
TIMESTAMP(6) WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE

Nullable Default Comments

-------- ------- -------Y
Y

SQL> insert into time_info values(SYSTIMESTAMP,SYSTIMESTAMP);

1 row inserted
SQL> insert into time_info values(LOCAL TIMESTAMP, LOCAL TIMESTAMP);
insert into time_info values(LOCAL TIMESTAMP, LOCAL TIMESTAMP)
ORA-00917: missing comma
SQL> insert into time_info values(LOCALTIMESTAMP, LOCALTIMESTAMP);
1 row inserted
SQL> select * from time_info;
T1
T2
------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------

21-AUG-11 04.13.21.843000 PM +03:00

21-AUG-11 04.14.35.734000 PM +03:00

21-AUG-11 04.13.21.843000 PM
21-AUG-11 04.14.35.734000 PM

SQL> select dbtimezone,sessintimezone from dual;

select dbtimezone,sessintimezone from dual
ORA-00904: "SESSINTIMEZONE": invalid identifier
SQL> select dbtimezone,sessiontimezone from dual;
DBTIMEZONE SESSIONTIMEZONE
---------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------+00:00
+03:00
SQL>