DIGITAL HEART-BEAT

COUNTER

RAKHI K CHANDRAN
RINIL M G
ROSHNI VERGHEESE

SHAINY NARAYANAN
SUCHITHRA K R
 INTRODUCTION
 The heart beat rate is the number of times the persons heart
beat in one minute.
 Digital heart beat counter count the pulse continuously and
automatically.
It have the following features:-
4. A piezoelectric accelerometer as sensor.
5. A blinking LED for visual indication of persons pulse.
6. Counts are automatic and displayed on a 2 seven segment
display.
7. Continuous monitoring can be done.
8. Counting can be done from remote place.
9. Works off AC mains or batteries.
 PRINCIPLE
A persons heart forces his blood to flow throw the
arteries.
 Arteries throb in synchronisation with the beating of
heart.
 Throbbing can be felt at wrist.
 Electronically this throbbing is sensed with an
accelerometer, which convert it in to electrical signal.
 Counter section count the number of pulses for 10
seconds and display it for 5 seconds.
 •CARDIAC CYCLE
 The function of heart is to maintain a constant
circulation of blood throughout the body.
 This is acheived by rhythmic contraction of it’s
muscle.
 It is the sequence of events which occur in the
heart during a single beat.
 The rate of heart is 72 beats per minute .
 Time taken for 1 beat is 0.8 seconds.
 It appears in two phases
1. Systole - A period of contraction.
2. Diastole – A period of relaxation.
 •PULSE
 Pulse is the throbbing sensation felt over the walls of
arteries.
 Pulse rate is almost the same as heart rate .
 The wrist is the common site where pulse is usually
felt, which is referred as radial pulse.
 Bradycardia occurs when the pulse rate is below 60.
 Tachycardia occurs when pulse rate is above 100.
 During sleep pulse rate is 40 BPM.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
 •PIEZO-ELECTRIC ACCELEROMETER

 An accelerometer measures the instantaneous acceleration

of the object on which accelerometer is bounded.
 It transduce the acceleration which results from the
vibration to corresponding analog signal.
 Here we use piezoelectric type accelerometer is used.
 •PREAMPLIFIER

 Here we use high input impedance pre-amplifier.

 An instrumentation amplifier is used as a pre-amplifier.
 Three CA3140 op-amp IC’s unitedly act as an
instrumentation amplifier.
 Instrumentation amplifier is used because it greatly
enhanced CMRR .
•LOW PASS FILTER

 The output signal from the instrumentation amplifier

gets adulterated with some harmonics of 50 Hz AC
power frequency, along with some other frequency
components from surroundings.
 A sallen key low pass filter is used to reduce all these
interferences.
•AMPLIFIER & PULSE INDICATOR

 This amplifier section is used to drive the LED’s.

 The LED’s blink in synchronization with heart beat
pulse.
 One LED blink at the time of systole and another
LED blink at the time of diastole.
 •PULSE AMPLIFIER & MONOSTABLE
MULTIVIBRATOR
 Pulse amplifier amplifies the LPF output.
 In two monostable multivibrators, one designed for 15
seconds and the other with time delay 10seconds.
 The monostable multivibrator helps to stay the display
for 5 seconds.
•INVERTER & 2-INPUT OR GATE

 The inverter, inverts the output of monostable

multivibrator and is used to enable the counter IC’s.
 The OR gate prevent the triggering of monostable
multivibrator, while the display stays constant.
•DIGITAL COUNTER & SEVEN SEGMENT
DISPLAY
 Digital counter count the number of pulses for
10seconds.
 The counter IC here used is CD4033.
 The counter gets incremented with each pulse.
 The seven segment display displays the number of
pulses of 10 seconds.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
The total circuit can be divided in to 4
sections as follows:-
 Pre-amplifier
 Low Pass Filter
 Pulse Monitor
 Pulse Counter with digital readouts
•PREAMPLIFIER

The heart of the circuit is a piezo-electric

accelerometer .
The sensor outputs an electrical charge, directly
proportional to magnitude of throbbing of artries.
• This charge gives a voltage of order of few
millivolts across very high impedance of the
piezo-electric crystal.
• Hence a high input impedance pre-amplifier
is used.
• The IC1,IC2,IC3 together act as pre-
amplifier.
•LOW PASS FILTER

The amplified output voltage from IC3(CA3140) of

instrumentation amplifier is given to IC4 through resistor
R10.
The op-amp IC4 along with resistors R10 and R12 and
capacitors C4 and C5 forms unity gain Sallen key LPF.
The upper cut frequency is approximately 1.5Hz.
•PULSE MONITOR

Apart of IC4 output is fed to a RC LPF comparing R14 and C7

to pin 3 of op-amp IC5.
The RC filter enhance the steepness of previous filter
response.
The additional stage amplification is for drive LED1 and LED2.
The gain of this stage is approximately 22.
•PULSE COUNTER & DIGITAL READ OUT
CMOS decade counters IC9(CD4033) and
IC10(CD4033) in tandem form the two digit decimal
counter.
The counters, count the number of pulses from LPF
output.
The output of first monostable multivibrator IC8,
( whose pulse width is 10 seconds) is given to clock
enable pin of IC10.
Pulse from the LPF, trigger both IC8 and IC9
simultaneously.
The output of IC8 remains high for 10 seconds and
output of IC9 for 15 seconds.
The counter counts for 10 seconds.
After 10 seconds output of IC8 goes low,
hence output counter stops countings and
will high for next 5 seconds.
During this 5 seconds, OR gate prevent
any other pulse on triggering IC8.
Hence the counter output stay on last
count.
•POWER SUPPLY
Here we use a center tapped transformer (9-0-9,500mA).
The transformer is rectified by a full wave bridge rectifier
comprising diodes D3 through D6.
The output of rectifier is filtered by using a capacitor filter .
This filtered output is given to fixed voltage regulators
7805(+5V) and 7905(-5V).
Regulators 7805,7905 provide +5V and -5V regulated
supply to circuit.
Capacitors C16 and C17 bypasses any ripple present in
regulated supply.
•TELEPHONE PIEZO BUFFER

•THE PIEZO-ELECTRIC
ACCELEROMETER SENSOR
•CONSTRUCTION OF THE SENSOR
Instead of commercial accelerometer, self constructed
accelerometer is used.
It is constructed by using a ceramic piezo buzzer
element.
The diameter of the brass plate and silver layer of the
piezo buzzer plate is used in this project are around
27mm and 18mm respectively.
One of the two wire of 2 core shielded earphone cable
is connected to white silver layer sprayed over the
piezo element, and other wire to brass plate.
Mount the mass centrally over the white silver layer.
•ADVANTAGES

It count the pulses automatically and continuously.

Monitoring of the heart beat rate of a person from a
remote place is also possible .
Besides its rate, some other qualities of the pulse reflect
the state of the cardiovascular system. These are its
rhythm, fullness and shape of the pulse wave. The signal
out from the LPF/amplifier IC5 maybe fed to a DAS
system for monitoring all these characteristic.
Low cost.
Simplicity of the circuit.
 DISADVANTAGES

Due to the absence of desired value of resistors,

the time on which the counter, counts the pulse,
can’t be accurately set for 10 seconds.
Due to large number of discrete components, it
is very difficult to troubleshoot in case of any
failure.
 CONCLUSION

In this fast moving world even wasting

one minute is not imaginable . This is how we
came to the idea of DIGITAL HEART BEAT
COUNTER which gives the opportunity to count
heart beat pulse automatically. As time moves
we can find digital heart beat counter in every
house, as heart diseases are common among
the people. And digital heart beat counter helps
in detecting small variations in heart rate.
THANK YOU