H H

H H
And here youandhave it…the
used in antifreeze
H H
whole mind map | |
Br— C — C — Br
| | for making terylene

Orga
| | Elimination | |
H—C — C — H H—C — C — H H—C≡C — H Br Br
| | | | ETHYNE (sp, b∠ =180°) 1,1,2,2 TETRABROMOETHANE
Oxidising Oxidation
OH OH Br Br
Agent MnO4- / H+
ETHANE-1,2-DIOL 1,2-DIBROMOETHANE Addition
REACTION Cr2O72- /
H2 / Ni ~ 200°C O O
MnO4- / H+ > C — C<
PATHWAYS used as Electrophilic HO OH

nic
Addition OXALIC ACID
Credits
petrol
additive Br2 (unsat. Test)
Catalytic Cracking H H Substitution H H
H2 / Ni | | Br2 / U.V. | |
H >C = C < H H—C — C — H H—C — C — H + HBr
[
—CH2—CH2—n ] Benzoyl Peroxide Catalyst
Temp / Pressure
H H
ETHENE (sp , b∠ =120°)
2
Electrophilic
Addition
|
H H
|
Chain
Rxn. |
H Br
|
POLYETHENE Addition Polymerisation H2 / Ni ~ 200°C
ETHANE (sp , b∠ =109.5°)
(free radical)
3
BROMOETHANE
Hydrolysis Elimination
FURTHER SUBSTITUTION Electrophilic Addition dilute H2SO4 Heat > 170°C xs alcohol FURTHER
H H H H
Markovnikov’s Rule xs conc. H2SO4 | | |
H H
KBr + conc H2SO4  HBr Ali Lakhani
H H
conc. H2SO4 < 170°C
Fermentation
|
H—C—C—O—C—C—H
| |
SUBSTITUTION
| | H
| | HBr, PCl5, PCl3 | | + Na (Act. of OH) Sugar H H H H |
NH3 H—C — C — H H—C — C — OH ETHOXY ETHANE O
H H | | Reflux with dil. aq. | | + H2O
Barley H—C — C<
| | (SN1, SN2) Potatoes (diethyl ether) | OC2H
H—C — C — H H Br Alkali (SN1, SN2) H H H
| | BROMOETHANE Hydrolysis: [OH-] ETHANOL (1° Alcohol) H H ETHYL ETHANOATE
| | Hydrolysis
H NH2 KC≡N Polar Solvent Oxidation
H—C — C — O-Na+ + ½ H2 H+ / OH-
AMINOETHANE SN1/SN2 ascend the (First Stage) Reduction
| |
(1° Amine) homologous Series Animator: Creski
Cr2O72- / H+
MnO4- / H+
LiAlH4
H H
Sodium Ethoxide
Esterification
conc. H2SO4
H
Decend |
H H H HCl O
Hofmann
| | Used as breathyliser test H H—C — C< + -
Degradation | | | O Na
H—C — C — C≡N O Further Oxidation O NaOH
H—C — C< H—C — C< H
| | | H Cr2O72- / H+ | OH
H H NH3 SODIUM ETHANOATE
conc. H H H
HCl PROPANONITRILE ETHANAL (acetaldehyde) ETHANOIC ACID |
Reduction Ca(OH)2 O
P2O5 Dilute Acid H—C — C< -
LiAlH4 (4[H]) (HCl) | O NH4+
H H
H H | | (CH3COO)2Ca H
| | H H H O 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine ETHANOAMIDE
O | | | H—C — C — C <
H—C — C — C < H | | OH H Dehydrate
| | NH2 H—C — C — C — N< Red-Orange ppte
| | | H H H | P2O5
H H PROPANOIC ACID Ethanal-2-4-dinitro- H—C — C≡N
H H H 2,4-dinitrophenyl- |
PROPANOAMIDE (1°) -phenylhydrazine ETHANONITRILE H
BY: ALI LAKHANI hydrazine
Animations by: Creski