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A. MALARIA 1. Important information a. Known as the King of Tropical Disease b. Highly infectious but not contagious c. A person infected with malaria remains a carrier for as long as the organism remains in the persons blood in sufficient amount to infect mosquitoes. 2. Causative agent protozoan parasite a. Plasmodium vivax / malariae / ovale b. Plasmodium falciparum can be fatal 1) Black colored urine due to rapid breakdown of RBCs 2) Cerebral hypoxia: restlessness, confusion, delusion, convulsion, loss of consciousness and coma. 3. Incubation period: usually 10 12 days after mosquito bite. 4. Mode of transmission mosquito bite by the female Anopheles with P. vivax, etc. a. Usually Night flying (bites from 6 p.m. to 6 a.m.), outdoor variety. b. When the female anopheles mosquito bites a person with malaria > P. vivax etc. enters the mosquitos stomach > undergoes a cycle of maturity > young parasites go into the mosquitos salivary glands after 10
14 days > mosquito bites another > said person gets sick with malaria. c. The parasite can be found in the liver in clear, slowflowing waters. 5. Signs and Symptoms a. Cold stage for 10 15 minutes. Chills, shivers and shakes; chattering of the lips and teeth; cool skin with gooseflesh. b. Hot stage for 4 6 hours. Recurring high fever; severe headache; nausea and vomiting; abdominal pain; face is blue and pinched. c. Diaphoretic stage excessive sweating which begins around the hand and then the entire body after then fever; weakness; pallor. 6. Complication damage to the brain; liver and spleen. 7. Management a. Prevention prophylactic drugs; use of mosquito repellants nets. b. Control fumigation c. Treatment Medical care antimalarial drugs
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