Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis (photos = light) synthesis = putting together) is an enzyme regulated

anabolic process of miniature of organic compounds inside the chlorophyll containing cells
from carbon dioxide and water with the help of sunlight as a source of energy. The term
photosynthesis was first used by Barnes in 1898.

Raw Material for Photosynthesis

1) Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
2) Water (H20)
3) Radiant Energy (Solar Energy)

Mechanism of Photosynthesis
Misophyll cells in the leaves are the main centers of Photosynthesis. During day time the
chlorophyll molecules trap solar energy. This trapped solar energy is utilized for the synthesis
of organic compounds (glucose) using CO2 and H2O inorganic ingredients. The overall
reaction is:-
Sunlight
6CO2 + 12H2)  C6H12O6 + 602 + 6H2O
Chlorophyll
Steps of Photosynthesis
1) Light Phase
• Photolysis of Water
Light
H20  H+ + H-
Energy
• Production of Reducing Agent
NADP + H+ + e-  NADPH2
• Production of molecular oxygen
OH + 2e-  2OH
-

2(OH) + 2(OH)  2H20 + O2 ↑

• Photophosphorylation
Energy
ADP + Pi + e-  A.T.P
2) Dark Phase: - Under this there is fixation of CO2 to glucose.
 End products
1) Glucose is oxidized to release energy or stored as insoluble stanch.
2) Water is reutilized in the process.
3) Oxygen is partially used for oxidation and rest is released into the atmosphere through
the leaf surface especially stomata.
Opening and closing of Stomata

Factors affecting photosynthesis:-

1. Light intensity, duration and quality
Carbon dioxide.
2. Temperature.
3. Water.
4. Leaf surface area
5. Stomata
6. Chloroplasts
Significance of photosynthesis

1. It synthesis food for plants which is ultimate source of energy for all living being.
2. Release of O2 in air.
3. Maintain CO2 levels.
4. Produce fossil fuels
5. ther useful products of plants.

Students Name
Priya Tendon 8thA
Manpreet Kaur 8thA
Amandeep Kaur 8thB
G.H.S. Tehna, Faridkot