DEVELOPED BY:

STUDENTS OF CLASS X
S.S.D.G.S.S.SCHOOL,
MACHHIWARA (B)
• THIS PRESENTATION CONTAINS:
– WHAT IS LIGHT
– REFRACTION OF LIGHT
– PRISM & DISPERSION THROUGH PRISM
– TWO TYPES OF LENSES
– WORKING OF BOTH LENSES
– SIMPLE MICROSCOPE
• WHAT IS LIGHT
– LIGHT IS A SOURCE OF ENERGY WHICH
CAUSES IN US THE SENSATION OF
SIGHT.
– LIGHT ALWAYS TRAVELS IN STRAIGHT
LINE
– LIGHT CAN TRAVEL THROUGH AIR WITH
THE SPEED 3x108 M/SEC.
– SUN IS AN IMPORTANT NATURAL
SOURCE OF LIGHT
• REFRACTION OF LIGHT
– THE PHENOMENON OF CHANGE OF PATH
OF LIGHT AS IT GOES FROM ONE MEDIUM
TO OTHER .

• LAW OF REFRACTION
– THE INCIDENT RAY ,THE REFRACTED
RAY AND THE NORMAL ALL LIE IN THE
SAME PLANE.
A B

D C

• REFRACTION THROUGH A RECTANGULAR SLAB:

WHEN A RAY OF LIGHT PASSES FROM AIR TO SLAB
,IT BENDS TOWARDS THE NORMAL .
WHEN A RAY OF LIGHT PASSES FROM SLAB TO
AIR,IT BENDS AWAY FROM THE NORMAL .
 B
A

• REFRACTION OF LIGHT
WHEN AN OBJECT “A” IS PLACED IN
WATER, IT SEEMS RAISED FROM THE
BOTTOM
PRISM
 R
O
Y
G
B
I
V

DISPERSION OF LIGHT THROUGH PRISM:

WHEN WHITE LIGHT IS MADE TO FALL
ON A PRISM , IT SPLITS UP INTO SEVEN
•RECOMBINATION OF COLORS INTO LIGHT :
THE SEVEN COLOURS OF SPECTRUM CAN
RECOMBINE TO GIVE WHITE LIGHT WHEN WE
PLACE ANOTHER PRISM IN THE OPPOSITE
POSITION
LENS
A LENS IS A PORTION OF TRANSPARENT
GLASS BOUNDED BY TWO SPHERICAL
SURFACES. TWO TYPES:

CONCAVE LENS CONVEX LENS

 F2 F1
O
C2 C1

REFRACTION THROUGH CONVEX LENS:

THE LIGHT RAYS COMING PARALLEL TO
THE PRINCIPAL AXIS MEET AT THE
FOCUS AFTER REFRACTION
 F

REFRACTION THROUGH CONVEX LENS:

THE LIGHT RAYS COMING PARALLEL TO THE
PRINCIPAL AXIS , APPEAR TO DIVERSE AFTER
PASSING THROUGH THE LENS
• RULES FOR IMAGE FORMATION AFTER
REFRACTION THROUGH CONVEX LENS:
1) PARALLEL TO PRINCIPAL AXIS
2) PASSING THROUGH FOCUS
3) PASSING THROUGH OPTICAL
CENTRE
 O

F F

RULE 1:
A LIGHT RAY PARALLEL TO PRINCIPAL AXIS
PASSES THROUGH THE PRINCIPAL FOCUS
AFTER REFRACTION
 O

F F

RULE 2:
A LIGHT RAY PASSING THROUGH THE
PRINCIPAL FOCUS BECOMES PARALLEL TO
THE PRINCIPAL AXIS AFTER REFRACTION
 O

RULE 3:
A LIGHT RAY PASSES UNDEVIATED
THROUGH OPTICAL CENTRE OF THE LENS.
• OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS
– SIMPLE MICROSCOPE
– COMPOUND MICROSCOPE
– TELESCOPE
SIMPLE MICROSCOPE:
WHEN AN OBJECT IS PLACED BETWEEN
PRINCIPAL FOUCUS AND THE OPTICAL
CENTRE OF A CONVEX LENS, IT’S VIRTUAL
,ERECT AND MAGNIFIED INAGE IS FORMED
ON THE SAME SIDE AS THAT OF THE
OBJECT
 A’

B’ B
2F F F

SIMPLE MICROSCOPE