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Islam, a brief introduction

Islam

'Islam' means 'submission'

– the uncompromising monotheism of Allah

– the adherence to the example of the prophet Muhammad

'Muslim' means 'one who submits' to Islam


the sources of revelation

Islam

– is a revealed religion (redemption)

– has two sources of revelation

• written revelation: qu'ran (Koran)

sacred scripture of Islam, word given by God to Muhammad

• oral revelation: sunna

the deeds and sayings of Muhammad, transmitted orally by hadith, later collected
and put into written
the sources of revelation tradition

Ibn 'Umar reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him)


as saying: When any one of you intends to eat (meal), he
should eat with his right hand. and when he (intends) to drink
he should drink with his right hand, for the Satan eats with his
left hand and drinks with his left hand.
the sources of revelation tradition

Jabir reported: I heard Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him)


as saying: The Satan is present with any one of you in
everything he does; he is present even when he eats food; so
if any one of you drops a mouthful he should remove away
anything filthy on it and eat it and not leave for the devil; and
when he finishes (food) he should lick his fingers, for he does
not know in what portion of his food the blessing lies.
the duties

the qu'ran and the sunna fix the duties of every Muslim, the basic
beliefs and practices of Islam, including the Five Pillars of
Islam

– the profession of faith (shahada)

there is no god save Allah, and Muhammad is his prophet

– the ritual prayer (salat)

– almsgiving (zakat)

– fasting (sawm) (Ramadan)

– pilgrimage (hajj)
the sharia

Islam is

– belief

– practice

– law

qu'ran and particularly sunna are basis for sharia


the sharia

sharia

– is given by God, is sacred and cannot be modified

– is considered as something above human wisdom

– is all-inclusive, includes all individual and social behavior

• duties owed to God by worship and religious ritual (ibadat)

• duties toward individuals and society (muamalat)


the sharia the traditionists

the sharia

since the 8th century scholars (ulama) claimed that sharia had to be
based on tradition, thus on the hadiths

scholars are called the traditionists


the sharia the traditionists

the traditionists were

– scholars who studied the hadiths

– scholars who collected the hadiths

– scholars who analysed tradition and created a legal science (fiqh)

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