Day – 3.

Arrays in ‘C’

22-Jul-2008 1
 Arrays

) Introducing Arrays
) Declaring Array Variables, Creating Arrays,
and Initializing Arrays
) Passing Arrays to Methods
) Copying Arrays
) Multidimensional Arrays
) Search and Sorting Methods

22-Jul-2008 2
 Introducing Arrays
Array is a data structure that represents a collection of the
same types of data.

int num[10];

num reference num [0]

num [1]
num [2] An Array of 10
num [3]
Elements
num [4]
num [5]
of type int
num [6]
num [7]
num [8]
num [9]

22-Jul-2008 3
 Declaring Array Variables
) datatype arrayname[index];
Example:
int list[10];
char num[15];
float hat[20];

22-Jul-2008 4
 Creating Arrays
datatype array-name[size];

Example:
int num[10];

num[0] references the first element in the

array.
num[9] references the last element in the
array.

22-Jul-2008 5
 Declaring and Creating
in One Step
) datatypearrayname[arraySize]=
{values seperated by comma};
Example :

char c[5] = {‘a’,’F’,’4’,’’=‘,’n’};

int i[4] = {12,15,0,2};

22-Jul-2008 6
 The Length of Arrays
) Once an array is created, its size is fixed. It
cannot be changed.

For example,
int arr[10];
You can not insert any number to arr[11]
location because it is not initialized.

22-Jul-2008 7
 Initializing Arrays
) Declaring, creating, initializing in one step:
float hat[4] = {1.9, 2.9, 3.4, 3.5};

This shorthand syntax must be in one

statement.

22-Jul-2008 8
 Declaring, creating, initializing
Using the Shorthand Notation
float list[4] = {1.9, 2.9, 3.4, 3.5};

This shorthand notation is equivalent to

the following statements:
float list[4];
list[0] = 1.9;
list[1] = 2.9;
list[2] = 3.4;
list[3] = 3.5;

22-Jul-2008 9
 CAUTION
Using the shorthand notation, you have to
declare, create, and initialize the array all
in one statement. Splitting it would cause
a syntax error. For example, the following
is wrong:
float list;
list = {1.9, 2.9, 3.4, 3.5};

22-Jul-2008 10
 Example: Copying Arrays
The program simply creates two
arrays and attempts to copy one to the
other, using an assignment statement.

22-Jul-2008 11
 Copying Arrays

Before the assignment After the assignment

list2 = list1; list2 = list1;

list1 list1
Contents Contents
of list1 of list1

list2 list2
Contents Contents
of list2 of list2
Garbage

22-Jul-2008 12
 Copying Arrays
With direct assignment:

int array1[5] = {2, 3, 1, 5, 10};

int array2[5];

array2 = array1;

22-Jul-2008 13
 Multidimensional Arrays
Declaring Variables of Multidimensional Arrays and
Creating Multidimensional Arrays

int matrix[10][10];

for (i=0; i<10; i++)

for (j=0; j<10; j++)
{
matrix[i][j] = i * j;
}

float mat[5][5];
22-Jul-2008 14
 Multidimensional Array Illustration
0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2
0 0 0 1 2 3

1 1 1 4 5 6

2 2 7 2 7 8 9

3 3 3 10 11 12

4 4 int[][] array ={
{1, 2, 3},
int matrix[5][5]; matrix[2][1] = 7; {4, 5, 6},
{7, 8, 9},
{10, 11, 12}};

22-Jul-2008 15
 Shorthand Notations
You can also use a shorthand notation to declare, create and
initialize a two-dimensional array. For example,
int[][] array = {
{1, 2, 3},
{4, 5, 6},
{7, 8, 9},
{10, 11, 12}
};
This is equivalent to the following statements:
array[0][0] = 1; array[0][1] = 2; array[0][2] = 3;
array[1][0] = 4; array[1][1] = 5; array[1][2] = 6;
array[2][0] = 7; array[2][1] = 8; array[2][2] = 9;
array[3][0] = 10; array[3][1] = 11; array[3][2] = 12;

22-Jul-2008 16
 Ragged Arrays
Each row in a two-dimensional array is
itself an array. So, the rows can have
different lengths. Such an array is
known as a ragged array. For example,
int[][] matrix = {
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5},
{2, 3, 4, 5},
{3, 4, 5},
{4, 5},
{5}
}; 22-Jul-2008 17
 Exercise : Bubble Sort
int i[] = {2, 9, 5, 4, 8, 1, 6}; // Unsorted

Pass 1: 2, 5, 4, 8, 1, 6, 9
Pass 2: 2, 4, 5, 1, 6, 8, 9
Pass 3: 2, 4, 1, 5, 6, 8, 9
Pass 4: 2, 1, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9
Pass 5: 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9
Pass 6: 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9
22-Jul-2008 18
 Created By,
) Mr. Tushar B Kute,
Lecturer in Information Technology,
K. K. Wagh Polytechnic, Nashik.
tbkute@gmail.com

22-Jul-2008 19