Sei sulla pagina 1di 5

f¢ÕQjh­‰ f’¡­u­al ¢ae cnL : Bj¡­cl A¢i‘a¡

A­n¡L pj¡Ÿ¡l

f¢ÕQjh­‰ c£OÑ ¢ae cnL d­l h¡jf¿Û£­cl HLV¡ k¥š²é­¾Vl HLV¡e¡ plL¡l f¢lQ¡me¡ Ll¡; BlJ ¢hÙ¹«a L­l
hm­a qu ­k l¡­SÉl p¡d¡lZ j¡e¤­ol l¡S°e¢aL BÙÛ¡l HC c£OÑ pju d­l ¢ÙÛ¢an£ma¡l ¢houV¡ ¢e­u B­m¡Qe¡ ,
N­hoe¡l A¿¹ ­eCz h¡S¡l£ pwh¡cfœ…­m¡ a¡­cl l¡S°e¢aL Q¢lœ Ae¤k¡u£ e¡e¡ dl­Zl ¢h­nÔoZ , h¡S¡l Nlj
Ll¡ Mh­l SjSj¡V HLV¡ f¢l­hn pª¢ø Ll¡l j­dÉC qu­a¡ h¡ Hk¡hvL¡­ml j­dÉ ph­Q­u …l¦aÆf§ZÑ f’¡­ua
¢ehÑ¡Q­el pju H­p fs­m¡z HMe HC N­hoe¡ a¡l ¢h­nÀo­el k¡uN¡ ­b­L p­l ¢N­u q­lLlLjh¡l ­c­n ­hs¡­a
­hs¡­a h¡jé­¾Vl AhpÉñ¡h£ dl¡n¡u£ qh¡l N­è¡ R¢s­u ­no­jn ­L¡b¡u ¢N­u ­f±yR­h a¡ S¡e¡l SeÉ ­j j¡p
fkÑ¿¹ A­fr¡ Ll¡ R¡s¡ N¢a ­eC z f’¡­ua hÉ¡hÙÛ¡ a¡l ph L¡S ­no L­l ­g­m­R Hje c¡h£ h¡jé­¾Vl fr
­b­L ­L¡e ¢ce Ll¡ q­u­R h­m ö¢e¢ez hlw ­ea«a­Æ cl B­m¡Qe¡u h¡­lh¡­lC pjpÉ¡ Bl S­j b¡L¡ L¡S Ll¡l
fËp‰ E­W H­p­Rz f¡n¡f¢n p¡g­mÉl M¢au¡e fËL¡¢naJ q­u­Rz Hhw HV¡ ­k i¡­hl O­l Q¥¢l Ll¡l ­Qø¡ e¡
­pV¡ h¤T­a Ap¤¤¢hd¡ qh¡l Lb¡ euz fËnÀV¡ q­m¡ fËQ¡l j¡dÉ­jl lw Rs¡­e¡ Mh­ll üfÀf¤l£l h¡C­l H­p l¡SÉV¡­L
Hhv BlJ …¦l¦aÆf§ZÑ Ef¡c¡e l¡­SÉl j¡e¤­ol i¡o¡ h¤­T ­eh¡l ­Qø¡ Ll¡l ¢ho­u Bj¡­cl B¿¹¢lLa¡ B­R ¢L
e¡z ­pV¡ b¡L­m "­N­m¡ - ­N­m¡'lh ­R­s l¡­SÉl p¤¤¢ÙÛl AhÙÛ¡V¡­L hlw BlJ Sej¤M£ Ll¡l hÉ¡f¡­l kaÀh¡e
qJu¡ k¡u z

f’¡­ua hÉ¡hÙÛ¡u rja¡l ¢h­L¾cÊ£LlZ Bj¡­cl B­m¡Qe¡l ¢hou euz Bjl¡ hlw ­cM¡l ­Qø¡ L¢l j¡eh
Eæu­el fË­nÀ Bjl¡ Na ¢ae cn­Ll ­n­o ­L¡b¡u H­p c¡ys¡m¡jz L¡lZ ph ¢LR¥l ­no N¿¹hÉÙÛ¹m I j¡eh
Eæue z HMe HM¡­e HLV¡ ¢ho­u f¢lú¡l qJu¡ clL¡l ­k Bjl¡ ­k abÉ­L p¡j­e ­l­M Lb¡ hm­h¡ a¡l ­ke
HLV¡ NËqZ­k¡NÉa¡ b¡­Lz n£aa¡f¢eu¢¿»a h¡S¡l f¢œL¡l cç­l h­p iNh¡­el i­u L¡v q­u ¢N­u B­h¡ma¡­h¡m
abÉ ¢e­u ­R­m­Mm¡ Ll¡l pju h¡ AbÑhm, ­L¡eV¡C Bj¡­cl ­eCz Bj¡­cl q¡­al L¡­R ­k abÉ B­R ­p¢V
qm the West Bengal Human Development Report 2004 (WBHDR)z l¡SÉ plL¡­ll Eæue J
f¢lLÒfe¡ cç­ll fËL¡¢na q­mJ pj¡S-AbÑe£¢a ¢ho­u L­uLSe ¢h¢nø N­hoL Hhw B¢dL¡¢lL fkÑÉ¡­ul hÉ¡¢š²
Hl fËÙ¹¥¢al p¡­b S¢sa, k¡l j­dÉ AeÉaj¡ q­me SJqlm¡m ¢hnÄ¢hcÉ¡m­ul AdÉ¡¢fL¡ Sua£ ­O¡o Hhw i¡l­al
f¢lLÒfe¡ L¢jne J United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) HC ¢ho­u fËarÉi¡­h
p¡q¡kÉ L­l­Rez

1978 p¡­mll f¢ÕQjh­‰ fËbj f’¡­ua ¢ehÑ¡Qe Bj¡­cl ­c­nl NZa­¿»l C¢aq¡­p AeÉaj E‹Æm OVe¡ ¢qp¡­h
¢Q¢q²a q­u B­Rz Hl f¡n¡f¡¢n i¨¢j pwú¡l LjÑp§Q£ Hl f¢lf§lL ¢q­p­hC h¡jé¾V plL¡­ll Sej¤M£ BbÑ-
p¡j¡¢SL Hhw l¡S°e¢aL pwNË¡­jl ¢i¢š °al£ L­l ¢c­u­Rz pjÙ¹ i¡lah­oÑl j¡œ 2.7na¡wn S¢jl A¢dL¡l£ HC
l¡­SÉ Eચ f¤eh¢¾VÑa S¢jl f¢lj¡Z 22 na¡wn zi¨¢j pwú¡­ll p¤¤gm ­f­u­Re pjÙ¹ ­c­nl EfL«a SeN­el
54 na¡wnz HM¡e ­b­L Bj¡­cl HV¡ h¤T­a Ap¤¤¢hd¡ qu e¡ ­k, fª¢bh£l hªqšj NZa¡¢¿»L l¡­øÊl HL¢V A‰
l¡SÉ ¢qp¡­h c¢lâ j¡e¤­ol Eæu­el ¢iaV¡ h¡jé¾V plL¡l p¡g­mÉl p­‰ °al£ Ll­a ­f­l­Rez

p¡j¡eÉ L­uL¢V fË¡p¢‰L f¢lpwMÉ¡­el E­õM fË­u¡Se z HM­e¡ fkÑ¿¹ l¡­SÉ M¡p Ll¡ q­u­R 13 mr 90 q¡S¡l
HLl ¢p¢mw h¢qiѨa S¢j, k¡l j­dÉ h¾Ve Ll¡ q­u­R 10 mr 98 q¡S¡l HLl S¢j Hhw HC S¢j f¤eh¢¾VÑa
q­u­R 29 mr 81 q¡S¡l i¨¢jq£e L«o­Ll j­dÉ z HR¡s¡J "Af¡­lne hNÑ¡'-l j¡dÉ­j 2000 p¡m fkÑ¿¹ e¢bi¨š²
q­u¢Rm 16 mr 80 q¡S¡l hNÑ¡c¡­ll e¡j, k¡ l¡­SÉl ­j¡V L«¢oS£¢h f¢lh¡­ll 20.2 na¡wn z H­cl q­a ­j¡V
­j¡V S¢jl f¢lj¡Z ¢R­m¡ 11 mr HLl, k¡ l¡­SÉl ­j¡V Q¡o­k¡N S¢jl 8.2 na¡wn z 2003 p¡­m l¡SÉ
plL¡­ll f¢lpwMÉ¡e Ae¤k¡u£ 86 na¡wn hNÑ¡­c­ll e¡j e¢bi¨š² Ll¡ pñh q­u­R, k¢cJ 2005 p¡­ml ¢X­pðl
j¡p fkÑ¿¹ f¡Ju¡ abÉ Ae¤k¡u£ fË¡u 1 mr 85 q¡S¡l 554 HLl S¢jl f¤ehѾVe BV­L l­u­R ¢h¢iæ j¡jm¡u z
Q¡o£­cl S¢j ­L­s ­eJu¡ ¢e­u Cc¡e£w k¡l¡ Lb¡u Lb¡u p­¾cqSeLi¡­h ¢Q¢¿¹a q­u fs­Re a¡l¡ HC
¢hQ¡lhÉ¡hÙÛ¡l ­p±S­eÉ hR­ll fl hRl h¾c£ q­u f­s b¡L¡ S¢j ¢e­u ¢e­u ­Le ­k ¢Q¿¹¡j¤š² b¡­Le ­pV¡ Ae¤j¡e
Ll¡l SeÉ ­L¡e f¤lú¡l ­eC hm¡C h¡ýmÉz a¡ p­šÄJ p¡ÇfË¢aL pj­ul j­dÉ ab¡L¢ba p¤¤n£m ¢hàSe­cl
Al¡S°e¢aL ­¾c¡m­el e¡­j AbÑq£e c¡f¡c¡¢fl j­dÉC ýNm£, f¤hÑ ­j¢ce£f¤l, Ešl J c¢rZ 24 flNe¡ fËi«¢a
­Sm¡u h¡S¡l£ pwh¡cf­œl E­ÒV b¡L¡ ­Q¡­Ml cª¢øl Bs¡­m p¡g­mÉl p­‰C i¨¢jh¾Ve LjÑp§Q£ f¡¢ma q­u­R z
2002 p¡­ml j­d l¡­SÉl 4 na¡wn NË¡j£Z Aw­nl j¡e¤o S¢jl f¤ehѾVe J hNÑ¡ e¢bi¨¢š²Ll­Zl BJa¡u Q­m
H­p­Re z "Af¡­lne hNÑ¡'-l j¡dÉ­j 1.7 ¢j¢mue i¡NQ¡o£ a¡­cl E­µRc qJul Bnˆ¡ ­b­L j¤š² q­u­Re Hhw
­pC S¢jl f¢lj¡Z qm 1.1 ¢j¢mue HL­llJ ­hn£ z l¡­SÉl ­j¡V f¡–¡ fË¡fL­cl j­dÉ 37.1 na¡wnC ag¢n¢m
S¡¢al Hhw 19.3 na¡wn ag¢n¢m EfS¡¢ai¥š² j¡e¤oz 70'-l cn­Ll L«¢ol AQm¡hÙÛ¡­L ­i­‰ ¢c­u L«¢o
Evf¡c­el E­õM­k¡NÉ ANËN¢a O­V­R z hm¡C h¡ýmÉ ­k, HC L¡SV¡ HMeJ ­no q­u k¡u ¢ez p¤¤al¡w L«¢ol
¢i¢šl Lb¡ ­hj¡m¤j i¥­¤ m ¢N­u ­k ¢n­Òfl j¡dÉ­j i¢hoÉv Ns¡l Am£L üfe ­cM¡ q­µR e¡ ­p'V¡ Bj¡­cl e¡
­h¡T¡l Lb¡ eu zl¡­SÉ i¨¢j pwú¡l LjÑp§Q£l p¡g­mÉl g­mC HMe l¡­SÉl 95.30 na¡wn L«oLC r¥â J fË¡¢¿¹L
L«oL, k¡­cl q¡­a l­u­R Q¡o­k¡NÉ S¢jl 78.71 na¡wn z Bh¡l S¢j­a HC HL­Q¢Vu¡ A¢dL¡l i¡‰¡l g­mC
f’¡­u­aJ a¡l fËi¡h f­s­R z1978 p­ml f’¡­ua ¢ehÑ¡Q­el abÉ ­b­L ­cM¡ k¡­µR ­k 71 na¡wn pcpÉC
H­p¢R­me r¥â J fË¡¢¿¹L L«oL­cl jdÉ ­b­L, k¡­cl S¢jl f¢lj¡Z ¢R­m¡ 5 HL­llJ Ljz H l¡­SÉl j¡eh
Eæu­el fËd¡e Q¢mL¡ n¢š² HC f’¡­ua hÉ¡hÙÛ¡l j­dÉ ­b­L p’¡¢la quz l¡S°e¢aL rja¡l ¢h­L¾cÊ£LlZ O¢V­u
a¡l f¡n¡f¡¢n S¢j pÇf­LÑl f¤e¢hÑeÉ¡­pl j¡dÉ­j Hje HLV¡ AhÙÛ¡ °al£ qu k¡ j¡eh pÇfc Eæu­el AeÉaj
f§hÑnaÑz

L«¢o ­r­œ 1977-78 p¡­m l¡­SÉ ­pQ ­p¢ha S¢jl f¢lj¡Z ­kM­e ¢R­m¡ j¡œ 32 na¡wn, ­pM­e 2005-06
p¡­m ­h­s c¡y¢s­u­R 68.3 na¡wnz L«¢o Evf¡c­el ¢e¢hsa¡ 1992-93 p¡­m 155 ­b­L haÑj¡­e ­h­s q­u­R
179 Hz haÑj¡­e Ns npÉ ¢e¢hsa¡l ¢e¢l­M f¡”¡­hl f­lC f¢ÕQjh­‰l ÙÛ¡e z 1976-77 p¡­m ­kM¡­e L«¢o­a
nË¢jL­cl °c¢eL Ns jS¥l£ ¢R­m¡ 5.65 V¡L¡ , k¡ 1986-87 p¡­m ­h­s c¡ys¡u 13.76 V¡L¡uz 19993-94
p¡m ­b­L 2003-04 p¡­ml j­dÉ p¡l¡ ­c­n L«¢o Evf¡c­el hª¢Ül q¡l ­kM¡­e ¢R­m¡ 1.53 na¡wn, ­pM¡­e HC
l¡­SÉ ¢R­m¡ 3.64 na¡wn z

NË¡j£Z psL ­k¡Se¡, °hcÉ¥¢aL£Ll­Zl j­a¡ fËL­Òf Eæ¢a O­V­R mrÉe£ui¡­h z 2002-03 p¡­m 582 ¢L.¢j.
¢fQ l¡Ù¹¡ °al£ q­u¢R­m¡ Hhw a¡l hÉu ¢R­m¡ 149.5 ­L¡¢V V¡L¡z 2006-07 p¡­m 1501 ¢L.¢j. ¢fQ l¡Ù¹¡ °al£
q­u­R, k¡l hÉu ¢R­m¡ 476 ­L¡¢V V¡L¡z Qm¢a hR­ll S¡e¤u¡l£ fkÑ¿¹ fË¡ç ­L¾cÊ£u hl¡Ÿ ¢qp¡­h 1845 ­L¡¢V
V¡L¡l j­dÉ 1675 ­L¡¢V V¡L¡ MlQ Ll¡ q­u­Rz

p¡rla¡l q¡l ­cM­m ­cM¡ k¡­µR ­k, 7 hR­ll Ef­l f¤l¦o Hhw e¡l£­cl j­dÉ p¡rla¡l q¡l i¡lah­oÑl N­sl
­b­L f¢ÕQjh­‰ ­hn£z 2001 p¡­ml SeNZe¡l ¢qp¡­h ­kM¡­e i¡lah­oÑ f¤l¦o J e¡l£­cl p¡rla¡l q¡l kb¡œ²­j
76 J 54 na¡wn, ­pM¡­e f¢ÕQjh­‰ a¡l q¡l kb¡œ²­j 78 J 60 na¡wn z 1999-2000 p¡­ml NSSO -
l ¢qp­h ­cM­a f¢µR ­k, NËj£Z p¡rla¡l q¡l ­kM¡­e i¡lah­oÑl Ns f¤l¦o J e¡l£­cl j­dÉ kb¡œ²­j 68 J 56
na¡wn, ­pM¡­e f¢ÕQjh­‰ a¡l q¡l qm f¤l¦o J e¡l£­cl j­dÉ kb¡œ²­j 72 J 62 na¡wnz HM¡­e HLV¡ ¢ho­u
i¡he¡l AhL¡n l­u­R , ­p'V¡ qm HC p¡rla¡ hª¢Ül q¡lV¡ f¢ÕQjh­‰l ­r­œ S¡a£u N­sl ­b­L ¢LR¥V¡ Lj
Hhw Eæ¢al AhL¡nV¡J ­pM¡­e B­Rz ¢nr¡l ­r­œ HL¤¢V …l¦aÆf¤ZÑ a­bÉl ¢c­L a¡L¡­e¡ k¡Lz ¢hcÉ¡mu
¢nr¡l BJa¡d£e SepwMÉ¡ k¡­cl hup 6-14 hRl, a¡­cl 92.3 na¡wn h¡s£ ­b­L 1 ¢L.¢j.-l j­dÉ ¢hcÉ¡m­ul
p¤­¤ k¡N ­f­u b¡­L, ­kM¡­e i¡lah­oÑl ­r­œ HC p¤¤¢hd¡ f¡u I hup£ SepwMÉ¡l 87.7 na¡wnz phÑ¢nr¡ A¢ik¡e
öl¦ qJu¡l B­N l¡SÉ plL¡l ¢eSü E­cÉ¡­N f’¡­u­al j¡dÉ­j ¢nö¢nr¡ ­L¾cÊ ­M¡m¡l SeÉ AbÑ hl¡Ÿ
L­l¢R­m¡ z f­l A¢eu¢jai¡­h q­mJ phÑ¢nr¡ A¢ik¡­el h¡­SV ­b­L HC AbÑ hl¡Ÿ Ll¡ q­a¡z HMe I
h¡­S­V ­L¡eJ AbÑ pwÙÛ¡e e¡ l¡M¡l SeÉ l¡SÉ plL¡l­LC Bh¡l HC M¡­a pjÙ¹ MlQ hqe Ll­a quz j¡œ 10
hRl B­N 413¢V ¢nö¢nr¡ ­L¾cÊ ÙÛ¡f­el jcÉ ¢c­u ­k k¡œ¡fb öl¦ q­u¢R­m¡ , 2002-03 p¡­m ­pM¡­e
14699¢V ¢nö¢nr¡ ­L¾cÊ °al£ q­m¡, ­kM¡­e fËbj J Qa¥bÑ ­nËZ£­a R¡œR¡œ£ pwMÉ¡ ¢R­m¡ kb¡œ²­j 4.34 mr J
34 q¡S¡lz 2006-07 p¡­m HC L­¾cÊl pvMÉ¡ ­h­s c¡ys¡­m¡ 16054-H Hhv I fËbj J Qa¥bÑ ­nËZ£­a R¡œR¡œ£
pwMÉ¡ ­h­s c¡ys¡­m¡ kb¡œ²­j 6.36 mr J 2.9 mrz H­cl j­d R¡œ£­cl Avn 50.1 na¡wn, ag¢pm£ S¡¢a
29.8 na¡wn J B¢ch¡p£ 12 na¡wn z¢L¿¹¥ ­nËZ£ ¢fR¥ R¡œR¡œ£-¢nrL Ae¤f¡a, ¢hcÉ¡muR¥V R¡œR¡œ£l q¡­ll
j­a¡ ¢LR¥ ¢ho­u pjpÉ¡ B­Rz H­r­œ f’¡­ua hÉhÙÛ¡l j¡dÉ­LC H ¢ho­u Eæ¢a p¤¤¢e¢ÕQa Ll¡l c¡¢uaÆ f¡me
Ll­a q­hz

ü¡ÙÛÉ Hhw f¤¢ø j¡eh Eæu­el AaÉ¿¹ …l¦aÆf§ZÑ p§QLz ¢hNa 10 hR­ll SepwMÉ¡ q¡­ll hª¢Ü ­kM¡­e p¡l¡ i¡l­a
qÊÊ¡p ­f­u­R 2.5 na¡wn q¡­l , ­pM¡­e f¢ÕQjh­‰ HC q¡l 7 na¡vnz HM¡­e j­e l¡M¡ clL¡l ­k, i¡l­al
ph­Q­u ­h¢n Sehp¢al OeaÆ HC l¡­SÉCz ­pC ¢q­p­h HV¡ Ai¡he£u Eæ¢a h­mC j­e Ll¡ ­k­a f¡­lz
SeÈq¡l J jªaÉ¥q¡l -c¤¢V ­r­œC HC Eæ¢al ¢e­cÑn f¡Ju¡ k¡­µR z e¡l£-f¤l¦o Ae¤f¡a hª¢Ül ­r­œJ HC Eæ¢al
d¡l¡h¡¢qLa¡ ­cM¡ k¡­µR z HC Ae¤f¡­a ­kM¡­e i¡l­al Ns q­m¡ 0.6 na¡wn, ­pM¡­e f¢ÕQjh­‰l q¡l q­m¡
1.86 na¡wnz ¢nö jªaÉ¥l q¡l Lj¡­e¡l ­r­œ f¢ÕQjh­‰l AhÙÛ¡e p¡l¡ i¡l­al j­dÉ fËbjz 1981 p¡m ­b­L
öl¦ L­l 2005 p¡­ml j­bÉ ¢nö jªaÉ¥l q¡l NË¡j£Z ­r­œ 98 na¡wn ­b­L L­j q­u­R 44 na¡wn Hhw nql
A’­m 44 na¡wn ­b­L L­j q­u­R 31 na¡wn z p¤¤al¡w, Ac§l i¢hoÉ­a fËbj qJu¡l Bn¡ Bjl¡ Ll­aC
f¡¢l, ¢L¿¹¥ a¡l p¡­b p¡­b HLV¡ Lb¡ j­e l¡M¡ clL¡l ­k, HC Eæ¢a Na 30 hR­ll AeÉaj p¡g­mÉl ¢cL k¡
f’¡­ua hÉhÙÛ¡l jdÉ­j Se-p­Qaea¡ hª¢Ül jdÉ ¢c­u A¢SÑa q­u­Rz phÑü¡ÙÛÉ A¢ik¡­e f’¡­ua­L k¤š² Ll¡l
g­m HLV¡ pcbÑL Eæ¢a mrÉ Ll¡ k¡­µR z 1993093 p¡­m ­n±Q¡N¡l k¤š² f¢lh¡­ll pwMÉ¡ ¢R­m¡ 19,565 z
2002-03 ­b­L 2006-07 p¡­m ­n±Q¡N¡lk¤š² NË¡j£Z f¢lh¡­ll pwMÉ¡ 22.94 mr ­b­L ­h­s q­u­R 61.12
mrz HMe 65 na¡wn NË¡j£Z f¢lh¡l ­n±Q¡N¡­ll BJa¡u Q­m H­p­Re z HMe fkÑ¿¹ 604 ¢V NË¡j f’¡­ua J
16 ¢V f’¡­ua p¢j¢a ¢ejÑm NË¡j f¤lú¡l ­f­u­Rz 2006 p¡­ml j¡QÑ j¡p fkÑ¿¹ l­SÉl NË¡j£Z SepwMÉ¡l 86.05
na¡wn­L f¡e£u Sm plhl¡q fËL­Òfl BJa¡u Be¡ ­N­R z l¡­SÉl B­pÑ¢eL fË­L¡f Hm¡L¡u Seü¡ÙÛÉ L¡¢lNl£
Ù¹­ll E­cÉ¡­N J hÉhÙÛ¡fe¡u B­pÑ¢eLj¤š² fe£u Sm plhl¡­ql E­cÉ¡N Qm­R z

f¡n¡f¡¢n HV¡J mrÉe£u ­k, Central Bureau of Health Intelligence -l 2001 p¡­ml f¢lpwMÉ¡e
Ae¤k¡u£ l¡­SÉl ­j¡V q¡pf¡a¡m nkÉ¡l j­dÉ plL¡l£ q¡pf¡a¡m nkÉ¡l f¢lj¡Z ¢R­m¡ 88 na¡wn, k¡ a¡¢jme¡s¥l
­r­œ 79 na¡wn Hhw ­Ll¡m¡l ­r­œ 31 na¡wn z q¡pf¡a¡­ml nkÉ¡ ¢fR¥ ­kM¡­e f¢ÕQjh­‰ 1140 pwMÉL
j¡e¤o ¢Q¢Lvp¡l p¤­¤ k¡N f¡e, ­pM¡­e a¡¢jme¡s¥l ­r­œ a¡ q­m¡ 908 Se Hhw ­Ll¡m¡l ­r­œ 290 Se z
l¡­SÉl ­j¡V SepwMÉ¡l j­dÉ nql¡’­m na¡wn 83 Hhw NË¡j¡’­m 80 na¡wn je¤o ¢Q¢Lvp¡l p¤­¤ k¡N f¡e z
f¢ÕQjh­‰ H'hÉ¡f¡­l AhÙÛ¡e ­Ll¡m¡ Bl a¡¢jme¡s¥l f­lC, ­kM¡­e HC ¢qp¡h q­m¡ kb¡œ²­j 90 na¡wn 87
na¡wn Hhw 87 na¡wn J 78 na¡wn z

h¡jé¾V plL¡­ll a«a£u cn­Ll AeÉaj E­õM­k¡NÉ Eæu­el ¢hou q­m¡ pÄ-¢eiÑl ­N¡ù£ z f’¡­u­al E­cÉ¡­N
Hhw AeÉ¡eÉi¡­h HC ü-¢eiÑl ­N¡ù£ j§ma NË¡j£Z c¢lâ j¢qm¡­cl L¡­R ea¥e AbÑe£¢al h¡aÑ¡ hqe L­l H­e­R z
öd¤j¡œ r¥â GZC eu, r¥â Evf¡c­el j¡dÉ­j h¡S¡l AbÑe£¢al d¡‚¡ p¡j­m pjÙ¹ ­c­nl j­dÉ pÄ-¢eiÑl ­N¡ù£ NWe
J Evf¡c­el ­r­œ HC l¡SÉ ¢àa£u ÙÛ¡­e l­u­Rz 2002-03 p¡­m HC pÄ-¢eiÑl ­N¡ù£…­m¡l f¢lj¡Z ¢R­m¡
58,708 ¢V, k¡­cl ¢eSü p’u ¢R­m¡ 13.47 ­L¡¢V V¡L¡z H'hR­ll S¡e¤u¡l£ j¡p fkÑ¿¹ pj­u HC pwMÉ¡ ­h­s
q­u­R 2,16,440 ¢V, k¡­cl ¢eSü p’­ul f¢lj¡Z c¡y¢s­u­R 182 ­L¡¢V V¡L¡z Hhw HC pj­ul j­dÉ ­N¡ù£…­m¡
eNc GZ ¢e­a ­f­l­R 302.5 ­L¡¢V V¡L¡, k¡ 2002-03 p¡­m ¢R­m¡ 28 ­L¡¢V V¡L¡z pwMÉ¡ hª¢Ül p­‰ p­‰
H­cl pjpÉ¡J h¡s­R ü¡i¡¢hLi¡­hC z HM¡­e f’¡­u­al jdÉ­j H­cl NË¡jpwpc ¢i¢šL Efp´O, NË¡j f’¡­ua
¢i¢šL p´O Hhw f’¡­ua¢i¢šL jq¡p­´O pwN¢Wa Ll¡ clL¡lz

ph­n­o HL¢V ¢ho­u B­m¡Lf¡a e¡ Ll­m j¡eh Eæu­el p¡j¢NËL ¢QœV¡ dl¡ fs­h e¡, ­p¢V q­m¡ l¡SÉh¡p£l
B¢bÑL AhÙÛ¡ z f¢ÕQjh‰ i¡l­al HL¢V jdÉ-Bu­i¡N£ l¡SÉ z pjÙ¹ ­c­nl a¥me¡u j¡b¡¢fR¥ Bu Hhw hÉu HC
c¤¢Vl ¢hQ¡­lC HC l¡­SÉl AhÙÛ¡e ehjz ¢L¿¹¥ Na c¤' cn­L pjÙ¹ ­c­nl a¥me¡u A­eL â¥a q¡­l H'l¡­SÉl
ANËN¢a O­V­Rz 90'l cn­L f¢ÕQjh‰ ¢R­m¡ i¡l­al AeÉaj â¥a q¡­l ¢hL¡nn£m l¡SÉz AhÙÛ¡­el ¢hQ¡­l a¡l
ÙÛ¡e ¢R­m¡ ¢àa£u (LeÑ¡V­Ll f­lC) z ph­b­L E­õM­k¡NÉ ¢hL¡n O­V­R L«¢o­r­œ z M¡cÉnoÉ, ¢h­noa d¡e
Evf¡c­e HC ¢hL¡­nl q¡l ¢R­m¡ ¢hØjuLl z p¡l¡ ­c­n ­kM¡­e L«¢o ¢hL¡­nl q¡l L­j­R, ­pM¡­e HC l¡SÉ ph
pju ¢R­m¡ HL E‹Æm hÉ¡¢aœ²j z Hje¢L M¡cÉ Evf¡c­el °h¢QœÉ ¢R­m¡ mrÉe£u z Nj, Bm¤l Evf¡ce hª¢Ü
a¡l HLV¡ AeÉaj mrZ z
c£OÑ ¢ae cn­Ll d¡l¡h¡¢qL Eæu­el LjÑp§Q£l g­m H'l¡­SÉ 1977 p¡­m c¡¢lâÉp£j¡l e£­Q hph¡pL¡l£ j¡e¤­ol
q¡l 58.4 na¡wn ­b­L L­j 2004-05 p¡­m ­fy±­R­R 20.5 na¡w­n zBh¡l ­cM¢R 1979 -80 p¡­ml a¥me¡u
1992-93 p¡­m f¤­l¡­e¡ L«¢o nË¢jL­cl jS¥l£ H l¡­SÉ ­h­s­R 2.80 na¡wn q¡­lz ­k hª¢Ül q¡l f¡”¡­h 1.67
na¡wn , jq¡l¡­øÊ 2.16 na¡wn , A¾dËf­Ë c­n 1.69 na¡wn , …Sl­V 0.65 na¡wn , LeÑ¡V­L 0.61 na¡wn z
1981-82 ­b­L 1994-95 p¡­ml j­dÉ H'l¡­SÉl j¡b¡¢fR¥ L«¢o Evf¡ce ­h­l­R 70 na¡wn z 1972-73 p¡m
­b­L 1993-94 p¡m fkÑ¿¹ AeÉ¡eÉ l¡­SÉl a¥me¡u j¡b¡¢fR¥ npÉ NËqZ ph ­b­L ­h¢n ­h­s­R f¢ÕQjh‰ Bl
­Ll¡m¡u z AbQ HC pj­u p¡l¡ ­c­n NË¡j£Z Hm¡L¡u j¡b¡¢fR¥ M¡cÉnpÉ NËqZ 12.2 na¡wn L­j­R , ­kM¡­e
f¢ÕQjh­‰ ­h­s­R 9.7 na¡wn z 1972-73 p¡m ­b­L 1993-94 p¡m fkÑ¿¹ ­c­nl ¢h¢iæ l¡­SÉ j¡b¡¢fR¥
LÉ¡­m¡¢l NËqZ L­j­R 2221 ¢L­m¡ LÉ¡­m¡¢l ­b­L 2153 ¢L­m¡ LÉ¡­m¡¢l z f¢ÕQjh­‰l ­r­œ a¡ ­h­s­R
2027 ¢L­m¡ LÉ¡­m¡¢l ­b­L 2221 ¢L­m¡ LÉ¡­m¡¢l z

f’¡­u­al AbÑ hÉ­ul dlZV¡ ­cM­m l¡­SÉl NË¡j£Z Eæu­el …l¦aÆV¡ ¢LR¥V¡ ­h¡T¡ ¢eÕQuC pñh z1991-92
p¡­ml HL¢V pj£r¡u ­cM¡ k¡­µR , f’¡­u­al AbÑ hÉu q­µR L«¢o­a 18.9 na¡wn, NË¡j£Z Eæu­e 12.9 na¡wn,
¢h­no Hm¡L¡ f¢lLÒfe¡u 1.1 na¡wn, ­pQ J he¡ ¢eu¿»­Z 13.2 na¡wn, ¢hcÉ¥a¡u­e 5.5 na¡wn, ¢n­Òf 13.2
na¡wn, f¢lhq­e 6.6 na¡wn, p¡d¡lZ AbÑ°e¢aL f¢l­oh¡u 0.7 na¡wn, p¡j¡¢SL f¢l­oh¡u 23.2 na¡wn Hhw
p¡d¡lZ f¢l­oh¡u 4.7 na¡wnz AbÑ¡v f’¡­u­al A­bÑl L¡kÑa A­dÑLV¡ hÉu qu L«¢o J NË¡j£Z f¢lL¡W¡­j¡ Eæu­e
z Hl f­ll …l¦aÆf§ZÑ hÉ­ul Awn q­m¡ p¡j¡¢SL f¢h­oh¡, AbÑ¡v ¢nr¡ J ü¡ÙÛÉ z

l¡­SÉl HC ¢hn¡m LjÑL¡ä­L HC üÒf f¢lp­l dl¡V¡ pqS eu Hhw ¢LR¥ f¢lpwMÉ¡e ¢c­uC ­k phV¡ ­h¡T­e¡
k¡­h ­ajeJ euz j¡e¤­ol BÙÛ¡l ¢cLV¡ h¡jé­¾Vl L¡­Sl HLV¡ ¢hl¡V ¢i¢šz HjeV¡ Bjl¡ LMeC d­l ¢e¢µR e¡
­k f’¡­ua hÉhÙÛ¡l j¡dÉ­j NË¡j£Z Eæu­el L¡S ­no q­u ­N­R h¡ H­r­œ ­L¡e pjpÉ¡ ­eC, phV¡C HLV¡
­N¡m¡­fl f¡f¢sl jae ¢e­V¡m p¤¤¾cl hÉhÙÛ¡ z pjpÉ¡ B­R A­eL Hhw hý¢hd zp¡j¢NËL ¢qp¡­h NË¡j h¡wm¡l
Eæu­el j­dÉ HLV¡ pja¡ b¡L­mJ fË¡u 38000 NË¡­jl j­dÉ 4612 ¢V NË¡j 2 hRl B­N fkÑ¿¹ ¢R­m¡
fÕQ¡cfczAbÑ¡v fË¡u 12 na¡wn NË¡­j Eæu­el p¤¤gm ­ajei¡­h ­f±y­R ­cJu¡ k¡u ¢ez ­k¡N¡­k¡N hÉhÙÛ¡l Ai¡h ,
e¡l£ p¡rla¡l q¡l Lj CaÉ¡¢c pjpÉ¡ I A’m…­m¡­a l­u ­N­R zHJ ­cM¡ ­N­R ­k, ­k ph Hm¡L¡u agn£¢m
EfS¡¢al j¡e¤ol¡ AeÉ Aw­nl j¡e¤­ol p­‰ h¡p Ll­Re ­pM¡­e a¡­cl Eæue OV­R ­h¢n j¡œ¡u, AbQ ­kM¡­e
­pC p¤¤­k¡N O­V¢e ­pM¡­e fÕQ¡cN¡j£a¡ ­hn£zL«¢o ¢hL¡­nl p­‰ NË¡­j¡æue J p¡j¡¢SL f¢lL¡W¡­j¡ ¢hL¡­nl LjÑp§Q£
l¡­SÉl phÑœ pj¡ei¡­h L¡kÑLl£ qJu¡l ­r­œJ pjpÉ¡ B­Rz a­h HV¡J Bn¡l Lb¡ ­k, fÕQ¡cfc NË¡j…­m¡l
SeÉ Eæu­el ¢h­no LjÑp§Q£J ­eJu¡ q­u­R Hhw â¥aa¡l p­‰ L¡SJ öl¦ q­u­Rz

f¡n¡f¢n NË¡­jl ¢Ql¡Q¢la L«¢o AbÑe£¢al p¡gmÉ­L pwqa L¡l¡l m­rÉ r¥â ¢n­Òfl p¡­b p¡­b hs ¢nÒf ÙÛ¡f­el
¢hou¢V pÇf­LÑ Bjl¡ ph¡C S¡¢ez Bl HJ S¡¢e ­k, HC L¡S ­b­L h¡jé¾V­L ¢hQÉ¥a Ll¡l m­rÉ e¡e¡e
l¡S°e¢aL, p¡ÇfËc¡¢uL Hje¢L p¡jË¡SÉh¡c£ n¢š²l HL¢V lP­hl­Pl j’ Bc¡Sm ­M­u E­W f­l ­m­N­Rz ¢L¿¹¥
a¡­cl j¤n¢LmV¡ q­m¡ ­k, S¢j ­cJu¡ k¡­h e¡ h­m m¡g¡m¡¢g Ll¡l Bs¡­m a¡­cl l¡S°e¢aL Q¢lœV¡ œ²jn
fËL¡n q­u fs­Rz l¡­SÉl ¢QœLl, e¡VÉL¡l, A¢i­ea¡l Bs¡­m r¥â ü¡bÑ Q¢la¡bÑ e¡ qJu¡l SÆ¡m¡u a¡­cl HMe
H­L H­L e¡e¡e l¡S°e¢aL j­’ E­W fs­a q­µR z Bl Hl ¢fR­e f’¡­ua ¢ehÑ¡Qe ­k LaV¡ hs a¡¢Nc a¡
HMe q¡­s q¡­s ­Vl ­f­a öl¦ L­l­Re l¡­SÉl j¡e¤oz

HV¡ ­h¡T¡ clL¡l ­k, ­nËZ£ B­¾c¡m­el f­b f’¡­ua hÉhÙÛ¡ HLV¡ AeÉaj Ef¡c¡ez qW¡v L­l HL¢c­e HC
AhÙÛ¡l pª¢ø qu ¢ez c£OÑ ¢c­el i¨¢j B­¾c¡m­el A¢i‘a¡ ­b­LC HC hÉhÙÛ¡ N­s E­W­Rz h¡S¡l£ pwh¡c j¡dÉj
HV¡­L ­i¡­Vl h¡S¡l dl¡l fË¢œ²u¡ h­m k­a¡C fËQ¡l Ll¦L e¡ ­Le, h¡jé­¾Vl ­k ¢i¢š NË¡j¡’­m N­s E­W­R a¡
p¡d¡lZ j¡e¤­ol l¡S°e¢aL ­Qae¡ Bl BÙÛ¡l pjeÄ­uC °al£ q­u­R z Bl ­p'V¡ ­h¡T¡l SeÉ °c¢eL h¡S¡l
f­œl Efl ­b­L j¤M a¥­m NË¡­jl j¡e¤­ol f¡­n ¢N­u c¡ys¡­e¡l AiÉ¡p °al£ Ll­a quz ­p'V¡ Ll¡l ¢ho­u
L¡l¡ B¿¹¢lL Bl ­i¡­Vl h¡S¡­l L¡l¡ ­Mm­a ­e­j¢R­me ­pV¡ L'¢ce f­sC ­h¡T¡ k¡­h z¢L¿¹¥ aMeJ NË¡­jl
j¡¢Vl l¡Ù¹¡u ¢f­Ql BÙ¹lZ ­cJu¡l L¡S Qm­h, f¡e£u S­ml Lm hp­h, ü¡ÙÛÉ ­L­¾cÊ j¡e¤­ol m¡Ce fs­h pL¡m
­b­L, L«oL f¢lh¡­ll p¿¹¡e hC­ul hÉ¡N q¡­a ¢hcÉ¡m­u k¡­h, Bl ¢LR¥ c§­ll L¡lM¡e¡ ­b­L L¡S L­l ¢gl­h
HLcm j¡e¤o , k¡­cl p¢Çj¢ma fË­Qø¡u Eæue H¢N­u Qm­h a¡l p¤¤ÙÛ ü¡i¡¢hL fb d­lz
HC ­mM¡l SeÉ ­k ph p¤¤­œl p¡q¡kÉ ­eJu¡ q­u­R :

1. The West Bengal Human Development Report 2004 (WBHDR).


2. West Bengal State Development Report 2007
3. Maitreya Ghatak and Maitreesh Ghatak (2002), Recent reforms in Panchayat
System in West Bengal, Janu, EPW.
4. Maitreya Ghatak and Maitreesh Ghatak : Grassroots Democracy : A Study of
the Panchayat System in West Bengal, No, 1999, EPW
5. Pranab Bardhan and Dilip Mukherjee :Panchyat Raj and Poverty Alleviation in
West Bengal : Summary of Research Findings, 28 Feb 2004, EPW
6. Pranab Bardhan and Dilip Mukherjee :Political Economy of Land Reforms in
West Bengal 1978-98, May 4, 2005, EPW

Potrebbero piacerti anche