BIOLOGY FORM 4

CHAPTER 1:
INTRODUCTION TO
BIOLOGY
1.1 The Study of Biology
1.2 The Scientific Investigation

CHAPTER 2:
CELL STRUCTURE AND CELL
ORGANISATION
2.1 Cell Structure and Function
2.2 Cell Organisation
2.3 Appreciating the Uniqueness of
the Cell

CHAPTER 3:
MOVEMENT OF
SUBSTANCES ACROSS THE
PLASMA MEMBRANE
3.1 Movement across the Plasma
Membrane
3.2 Movement of Substances across
the Plasma Membrane in
Everyday Life
3.3 Appreciating the Movement of
Substances across the Plasma
Membrane

CHAPTER 4:
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
OF THE CELL
4.1 Chemical Composition of the
Cell
4.2 Carbohydrates
4.3 Proteins
4.4 Lipids
4.5 Enzymes
4.6 The Importance of Chemical
Composition in Cells

CHAPTER 5:
CELL DIVISION
5.1 Mitosis
5.2 Meiosis
5.3 Appreciating the Movement of
Chromosomes during Mitosis
and Meiosis

CHAPTER 6:
NUTRITION
6.1 Types of Nutrition
6.2 Balanced Diet
6.3 Malnutrition
6.4 Food Digestion
6.5 Absorption and Assimilation of
Digested Food
6.6 Formation of Faeces and
Defaecation
6.7 Evaluating Eating Habits
6.8 The Importance of a Healthy
Digestive System
6.9 The Importance of
Macronutrient and
Micronutrient in Plants
6.10 Photosynthesis
6.11 The Mechanism of
Photosynthesis
6.12 The Factors Affecting
Photosynthesis
6.13 A Caring Attitude towards
Plants
6.14 Technology Used in Food
Production
6.15 Technological Development in
Food Production

CHAPTER 7:
RESPIRATION
7.1 The Respiratory Process in
Energy Production
7.2 The Respiratory Structures and
Breathing Mechanisms in
Humans and Animals
7.3 Gaseous Exchange across the
Respiratory Surfaces and
Transport of Gases in Humans
7.4 The Regulatory Mechanism in
Respiration
7.5 The Importance of Maintaining
a Healthy Respiratory System
7.6 Respiration in Plants

CHAPTER 8:
DYNAMIC ECOSYSTEM
8.1 The Abiotic and Biotic
Components of the
Environment
8.2 Colonisation and Succession in
an Ecosystem
8.3 Population Ecology
8.4 Biodiversity
8.5 The Impact of Microorgnisms
on Life
8.6 Appreciating Biodiversity
CHAPTER 9:
ENDANGERED ECOSYSTEM
9.1 Human Activities that Endanger
an Ecosystem
9.2 The Greenhouse Effect and the
Thinning of the Ozone Layer
9.3 The Importance of Proper
Management of Development
Activities and the Ecosystem