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Institutional
Model
Process Model
Rational Model
Incremental Model
Group Model
Elite Model
Public Choice Model
Game theory Model
POLICY AS INSTITUTIONAL
OUTPUT
Focus of political science
Authoritatively determined,
implemented, and enforced
Problem Identification
Policy Formulation
Policy Legitimation
Policy Implementation
Policy Evaluation
POLICY AS MAXIMUM SOCIAL
GAIN
"Maximum social gain“
Choice Of Policies
› Costs < benefit
No Policy adoption
› if its costs exceed its benefits
Policy Alternatives
› Decision Making
Preferences and their relative weights
Makepolicy by continuously
responds to:
› Pressure groups
› Negotiate with there demands
POLICY AS ELITE PREFERENCE
Very Powerful